# EMERALDSITE

DOCUMENTATION:
Apostolski, K., Petrovski, N., Popovska, O. & M. Sidorovski, 1956. Ribite vo Makedonija. Zavod za ribarstvo na NRM. Skopje.Beazley, M., 2001. Guide to Freshwater Fish of Britain and Europe. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd. London. Pp. 1-192.BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1926. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrb?cher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S & G. Dzukic., 1974. Reptilia. Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. Acad. Sci. Art. Slov. Ljubljana IV/2:1-32.Doflein, F., 1921. Mazedonien. Erlebnisse und Beobachtungen eines Naturforschers im gefolge des deutsches heeres. Jena, Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1-592.Dzukic, G., 1987.  Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia 12, Ljubljana.Dzukic, G., M. L. Kalezic, S. Petkovski & V. Sidorovska, 2001. General Remarks on batracho- and herpetofauna of the Balkan Peninsula. 75 Years Maced. Mus. Nat. Hist. p. 195-204.Dimovski, A. S. 1967. Biogeographical and ecological characteristics of Skopje Valley Ann. Fac. Nat. Sci. and Math. Skopje Univ. 20:5-70.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Gaston, K.J. & David, R., 1994. Hotspots around Europe. Biodiversity Letters, 2: 108-116.Georgiev, S., 1998. Kluc za odreduvanje na ribite (Osteichthyes) i zmijorkite (Cephalaspidomorpha) vo Republika Makedonija. Anfa, Skopje. pp.:1-177.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Hackethal, H. & Peters, G.,1987. Notizen ?ber mazedonische Flederm?use (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Acta Mus. maced. sci. nat., 18(6/152): 159-176.Ikonomov, P. 1986.  Plekopterite na Makedonija (Insecta: Plecoptera), taksonomija i distribucija. Acta. Mus.Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje, 18:81-124.Kalezic, M., Dzukic, G., Mesaros, G. & Crnobrnja-Isailovis, J. (1997): The cresred newt (Triturus cristatus superspecies) in ex-Yugoslavia: Morphological structuring and distribution patterns. - Univ.Thought, Nat.Sci., 4(1): 39-46.Karaman, S., 1924. Pisces Macedoniae. Derzeit am Institut  Z. Enforschung und Bekampfung D. Malaria, Trogir (Dalmatien) Hrvatska stamparija, Split. Pp.: 1-90.Karaman, S., 1928. Prilozi ihtiologije Jugoslavije. I. Glas. Skop. Naucn. Drus. 6(2).Karaman, G. 1974. Crustacea, Amphipoda. Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. Acad. Sci. Art. Slov., Ljubljana, 3(3):1-43.Karaman, M. 1976.  Desetonogi rakovi-Decapoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca). Fauna na Makedonija II. Mac. Mus. Sci. Nat., Skopje. pp. 1-61. Klimesch, J. 1968.  Die Lepidopteren fauna Mazedoniens. IV. Microlepidoptera. Posebno Izdanie, Mus.Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje, 5:1-203.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski,  1999. Mammals of Macedonia. In: The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego, pp.:1-484.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski, 1990a. New records of mammals from Macedonia (Mammalia) Fragmenta balc. Mus. maced. sci. nat., 14(13/306): 117-129.Krystufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J. & S. Petkovski, 1992. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Mayer, E., Micevski, K., 1982. Zur taxonomischen bewertung von Eryngium wiegandii Adamovic. Acta Bot. Croat., 41: 181-186.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1990. Noviteti od rodot Dianthus L. (Caryophyllaceae) vo florata na SR Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 7(1-2): 31-46.Micevski, K., 1991. Prilog za zapoznavanje na rodot Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) vo SR Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 7(1-2): 47-56.Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski , B., 2000. Corine Biotopes - Macedonia/LIS files.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K., Matevski, V., 1980. Thymus skopjensis Micevski & Matevski spec. nov. vo florata na Republika Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 1(2): 35-38, Skopje Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoNaumovski, M., 1995. Ribite vo Makedonija. Zaki, Skopje. pp.: 1-162.Petkovski, S & V. Sidorovska, 2001. Biodiversity  Assessment  for  Macedonia.  Chemonics  International  Inc., Washington, D.C. & USAID/Macedonia. pp: 1-61.Petkovski, S. & B. Krystufek, 1998. Cicaci na Makedonija. Zavrsen Izvestaj. Mus. Mac.Sci. Nat., Skopje. pp.:1-170.Petkovski, S., V. Sidorovska and G. Dzukic. 2000/2001.  The Biodiversity richness of the Macedonian snake fauna (Reptilia: Serpentes). Ekologija i zastita na zivotnata sredina, Skopje, 7(1/2):41-54. Petkovski, S., B. Micevski, T. Petkovski, V. Sidorovska, J. Sapkarev, S. Stankovic, V. Krpac, B. Mihajlova and S. Hristovski. 2003.  Fauna. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, Skopje, FYR of Macedonia. 217 pp.Pinker, R. 1968.  Die Lepidopteren fauna Mazedoniens. III. Geometridae. Posebno Izdanie. Mac. Mus. Sci. Nat., Skopje, 4:1-72.Schaider, P. and P. Jaksic. 1989.  Die Tagfalter von Jugoslawisch Mazedonien Diurna (Rhopalocera und Hesperiidae). Selbsverlag Paul Schaider, Ratoldstrasse 36, Munchen. pp. 1-82.Sket, B. 1967.  Crustacea, Isopoda (aquatica). Catalogus faunae Jugoslaviae. Acad. Sci. Art. Slov. 3(3):1-21.Soska, Th.,  1938. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schluchtenfloren von S?dserbien. I. Glas. SND, 18(6):223-238. Thurner, J. 1964.  Die Lepidopterenfauna Jugoslawish Mazedoniens. I. Rhopalocera, Grypocera und Noctuidae. Posebni Izdanie. Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje. 1:1-159.Velevski, M. 2002. Composition and characteristics of the avifauna in some biotopes of Vodno Mt. Diploma work, Faculty of Natural Sciences. 83 pp. Manuscript.

QUALITY:
The more prominent flora associations growing on this area include:ass.  Syringo-Buxetum Toma?evi? 1959ass. Humili-Ostrietum carpinifoliae Lj. Mic. 1980ass. Quercetum trojanae macedonicum Em et Ht (1950)1959ass. Quercetum frainetto-cerris macedonicum Oberd. 48 em. Ht. 59ass.  Orno-Quercetum cerris macedonicum Em 1964ass. Seslerio-Ostryetum Ht. et H-i? 1950ass. Juniperetum excelsae-foetidissimae Em 1962ass. Micromerio-Violetum kosaninii Ht. 1936ass. Scolopendrio-Tilietum Riz.The gorge of Treska River, from flora point of view, is among the most interesting gorges in the Republic of Macedonia. There are classical finds there (locus classicus) of the following plants: Eryngium wiegandii, Centaurea campylacme, Saxifraga grisebachii, Aristolochia pallida subsp. macedonica and others. Several species can be found on this area that are included on the IUCN Global Red List (1997): Centaurea grbavacensis, Genista nissana  and Ramonda nathaliae.The Treska River Gorge represents an exclusive natural refuge for numerous relict flora and fauna elements that have been sheltered on this site during the Pleistocene glaciations. Concerning the fauna, 24 relict- endemic invertebrate species are present on this site, with distribution range restricted exclusively on this site. In addition to the birds species listed on Resolution No 6 (1998) and regularly occurring migratory birds not listed on Resolution No 6  (included in tables 3.2.a. and 3.2.b), three bird species: Picus viridis, Carduelis cannabina, Miliaria calandra (Table 3.3) breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004).

DESIGNATION:
Decision of the Assembley of the City of Skopje No. 08-925-1/94 on proclamation of Matka Canyon for Monument of Nature

OTHERCHARACT:
The accumulation Matka in its largest part includes the region of Golema or Shishevska Gorge of Treska River, which divides mountains Suva Gora and Osoj to the west from Suva Planina and Vodno to the east. In this part, the gorge is with steep slopes which on some parts rise to altitude of 1000 meters above the river bed (lying on 330-400 m a.s.l.)  The gorge was formed with intensive break trough of the river Treska in the marbles, which was enabled by the local fold structures and separate tectonic rising and sinking in the Skopje Basin. The process of karstification is characteristic for this part of the gorge, which has resulted in absence of surface major tributaries of Treska. In turn, more springs caves and deeps exist, created by the corrosive activity of the underground watercourses. A large underground watercourse had been created due to the sinking of Patishka River underground, downstream of Patishko village. Suva Gora and Osoj are fully karstified, and built of marbles in geological terms. They are barren on the surface, without vegetation and with numerous surface karst forms, such as crevices, waterwheels, etc. The waterwheels are very dense at places, which attributes to specific appearance of the area.Suva Planina and Vodno are in the eastern parts of Matka and are very similar to Suva Gora and Osoj in their geotectonic characteristics. All mentioned morphological structures are within the northern edge section of the Pelagonian anticlinorium.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1926. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrb?cher, 61:1-195 Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Hedysarum macedonicum Bornm. MTBV, Hef. 36:43-44.Brelih, S. & D?uki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dimovski, A. (1966): Herpetofauna na Skopska kotlina.  II. Faunisti?ki del. - Godi?en zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 16 (4): 179-188.Dimovski, A. (1971): Zoocenolo?ki istra?uvanja na stepskite predeli vo Makedonija Zoocenological survey of the steppe habitats in Macedonia. - Godi?en zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 23: 25-43.D?uki?, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.D?uki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Gasc, J-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica J., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M., Sofianidou, T., Veith, M. & Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle (JEGB/SPN), Paris, pp. 1-496.  Gavrilovi?, V., Cvetkovi?, D.D., D?uki?, G. & Petkovski, S. (1999): Comparative morphological study of Rana balcanica and Rana ridibunda. - Contributions to the Zoogeography and Ecology of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1 (1999): 205-210.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Ko?anin, N., 1926.  Les especes nouvelle s dans la flore de la Serbie du sud (Macedoine). Glas SKA, 69(54):19-29, Beograd.  Kry?tufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J.; Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kry?tufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kry?tufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner  Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Mitchell, A.J. -Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanovicz, B. Krystufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V.Vohralik & J. Zima (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego. Pp: 484.Micevski, K.,1965. Halofitska vegetacija Ov?eg Polja. ACTA, Musei macedonici scientiarum nat., 10(3):67-90Micevski, K., 1970. Nov endemi?en sojuz vo vegetacijata na Makedonija-Artemision maritimae Micevski fed.nov. God.zbor. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 22:157-166. Micevski, K., 1971. "Stepska" vegetacija vo Makedonija. God.zbor. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 23:131-150 Micevski, K.,1985. Alyssum bargalense Micevski spec. nov. vo florata na Makedonija. Fragmenta Balcanica, 12-10(271):105-112.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMicevski, K., Matevski V., 2000. Natural monuments in Proeva, N.: NATURAL and cultural monuments. Ministry of information, 9-26, Skopje.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jak?i?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Velevski, M. 2005. Unpublished data

QUALITY:
The dominant habitat types within the Bogoslovec - Ov?e Pole are represented by Dry grassland (65%), Salt Marshes, Salt pastures, Salt Steppes (7%), and Broad-leaved deciduous woodland with 18%.From among the plant communities that are present on this site, the most important shall be mentioned:!15.115 Continental glasswort swardsclass Thero-Salicornietea Pignatti 1953 emend. R. Tx. 1955ass. Suaedetum maritimae balcanicum Micev. 1965ass. Crypsidetum aculeatae balcanicum Micev. 1965!15.A Continental salt steppes and saltmarshesClass Festuco-Puccinellietea So? 1968Association Puccinellion convolutae K. Micevski 1965ass. Camphorosmetum annuae balcanicum Micev. 1965ass. Puccinelietum convolutae Micev. 1965ass. Hordeo-Trifolietum parviflori Micev. 1965ass. Camphorosmetum monspeliacae Micev. 1965ass. Pholiureto-Plantaginetum balcanicum Micev. 1965Association Artemision maritimae K. Micevski 1970ass. Hedysaro-Convolvuletum Micev.1970ass. Eurotietum ceratoides Micev. 1970ass. Artemisio-Camphorosmetum Micev. 1970      !41.7 Thermophilous and supra-Mediterranean oak woodsClass Querco-Fagetea Br. Bl. Et Viligar 1937  Order Quercetalia pubescentis Br. Bl. (1931) 1932     Association Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis Ht. 1954 emend. 1958ass.Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedonicum Rud.39 ap.Ht. 46  Association Quercion frainetto H-t 1954ass. Quercetum frainetto-cerris macedonicum Ober.48 em. Ht. 59The area of Bogoslovec is located in the central part of Macedonia. The following local endemities grow in this area: Salvia jurisicii and Alyssum bargalense. They have been first reported on this area and scientifically described as new ones. Certain number of sites of species with area-restricted distribution on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia can also be found here, some of them being as follows: Hedysarum macedonicum, Galium rhodopaeum, Anchusa macedonica, Camphorosma annua, Allium maritimum, Hesperis tristis, Spergularia media, Stachys milani, Suaeda maritima, Alyssum hirsutum, Coriandrum sativum, Brassica elongata ssp. integrifolia, Potentilla tridentula, Neotortularia torulosa, Rochelia disperma, Onobrychis hypargyrea, Astragalus parnassi, Morina persica and others.The most striking features of the fauna of Bogoslovec today are its richness and heterogeneity: Mediterranean species goes hand-in-hand with species typical for steppes and semi-desert areas. From a bio-geographical point of view, two main Faunal Complexes of Species are present on this site: Eremial and Arboreal. The Eremial complex of fauna elements includes species that originate from the Black Sea-Caspian Region adapted to survive in dry steppe-like and semi-desert conditions and species from the Aegean-Anatolian semi-desert areas. The Arboreal Complex is mainly represented by the Mediterranean sub-complex of fauna elements, encompassing species connected with broadleaved woodlands.Within the wetland ecosystems (streams, springs, temporary pools, wetlands and the Bregalnitza River, the Class Amphibia is represented by nine species, which is 60% of the total number of 15 species on the whole territory of Macedonia.The class Reptilia (reptiles) within the Bogoslovec Region is represented by 17 species, which is 53% of the total number (32) on the whole territory of Macedonia. The species: Testudo graeca ibera (Spur-Thickhead Tortoise), Lacerta trilineata (Three-lined Lizard), Podarcis taurica (Balkan Wall Lizard), Ablepharus kitaibellii kitaibellii (Greek Snake-eyed Skink), Coluber caspius caspius (European Whip Snake), Typhlops vermicularis (European Blind Snake), Coluber najadum dahlii (Dahl's Whip Snake), Elaphe situla (Leopard Snake), Elaphe quatorlineata (Four-lined Snake), Telescopus fallax (Cat Snake) and Eryx jaculus turcicus (Turkish Sand Boa), are with range generally extending from the steppes and semi-desert areas around Caspian and Black Sea region through  the semi-desert areas of the Aegean-Anatolian region and usually their European boundary reaches as far as Macedonia. The class Mammalia (Mammals), within the site Bogoslovec is represented by 33 species, which is 40% of the mammal fauna of Macedonia. From biogeographical aspect the mammals of Bogoslovec have wider European distribution range. Small portion of species that originate from the Black Sea-Caspian Region and are typical for the steppes, semi desert and dry grassland habitats is also present on this Site: Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna) Lesser Mole Rat (Nannospalax leucodon). The most striking feature of the mammal fauna of Bogoslovec is their threatened status. From the total number of 33 species, eight are Globally Threatened Species, seven of which belong to the II Category of the Habitats Directive.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Bogoslovec area spreads at 475 km2. This area is about 10 km west from Stip, between Bregalnica River at south and the tributary Azmak at north. Its central part is dominated by the mountain Bogoslovec. The highest peak is Sv. Jovanski Rid (earlier known as Bogoslovec), reaching a height of 775 meters, slightly lower is Tiski Vrv (peak) at 747 meters. From geological point of view, this mountain has been built of old Palaeozoic metamorphosed magmatic rocks: quartz-phenocrits, quartz-phenocrit tuffs and daze slates, penetrated by serpentine and diallage rocks. The hill of Bogoslovec was well-known for asbestos exploitation till the middle of the previous (20th) century. The hill is bare, with no forest vegetation, except few tree trunks scattered around. Apart from this, the area is rather scarce in surface water resources. On the northern part only, the area is cut through with the brook Bogoslovski which then enters into Azmak. However, there are many dry dales, dales, minor dales, etc. Intensive soil erosion has been noted. The area is rarely populated, it can be considered even abandoned after the closure of the mine resulting in inhabitants migration.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Blondel, J. & Aronson, J. (1999). Biology and wildlife of the Mediterranean region. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1926. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrb?cher, 61:1-195 Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Hedysarum macedonicum Bornm. MTBV, Hef. 36:43-44.Brelih, S. & D?uki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Dimovski, A. (1971): Zoocenolo?ki istra?uvanja na stepskite predeli vo Makedonija. - Godi?en zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 23: 25-43.D?uki?, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.D?uki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Gasc, J-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica J., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M., Sofianidou, T., Veith, M. & Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle (JEGB/SPN), Paris, pp. 1-496.  Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kry?tufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J.; Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kry?tufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kry?tufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Lindtner, V., 1938/1939. Eine neue Tulpe der Flora S?dserbien-mit einem Vorfruhlings-Aspect des Orlovo Brdo (Krivolak). BSS Sk. 20(7):137-140. Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner  Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, K., 1970. Nov endemi?en sojuz vo vegetacijata na Makedonija-Artemision maritimae Micevski fed.nov. God.zbor. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 22:157-166Micevski, K., 1971. "Stepska" vegetacija vo Makedonija. God.zbor. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 23:131-150 Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMicevski, K., Matevski V., 2000. Natural monuments in Proeva, N.: NATURAL and cultural monuments. Ministry of information, 9-26, Skopje.Mitchell, A.J. -Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanovicz, B. Krystufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V.Vohralik & J. Zima (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego. Pp: 484.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jak?i?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Velevski, M. 2006. Unpublished dataVogrin, M. 1990. Ornitolo?ka opa?anja is osrednje Makedonije. Acrocephalus, no. 45:47-52

QUALITY:
The dominant habitat types within the Orlovo Brdo are represented by Dry grassland, Steppes (Continental salt steppes and salt marshes, Dense perennial grasslands and middle European steppes) with the 95% of the total site area and Broad-leaved deciduous woodland with 4%.From among the plant communities that are present on this site, the most important will be mentioned:ass.  Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedonicum Rud. 1939 ap. Ht. 46ass.   Paliuro-Prunetum webbii Em 1976ass.  Brachypodio-Onobrychietum pindicolae K. Micevski 1971ass.  Astragalo-Morinetum K. Miceski 1971ass.  Hedysaro-Convolvuletum Micev.1970ass.  Eurotietum ceratoides Micev. 1970The climate conditions in the area are fairly unfavourable. Basic substrate here is marl or marly sandstone, with a very thin soil layer, which is eroded more than rarely, due to precipitation amounts. Small, degraded oases of oak tree forests or their degraded stadia can still be found in the dales.Extremely interesting flora grows here, with diverse flora items prevailing (mainly Sub Mediterranean, Balkan-Middle East, Mediterranean ones), with especially high number of endemic, relict, steppe, Mediterranean and Sub Mediterranean species. The following local endemities grow in this area: Hedysarum macedonicum, Heptaptera macedonica, Astragalus cernjavskii, Tulipa marianae and Ferulago macedonica. They have been first reported on this area and scientifically described as new ones.A certain number of areas of species with area-restricted distribution on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia can also be found here, some of them being as follows: Cardopatium corymbosum, Aster villosus, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, Galium rhodopaeum, Potentilla tridentula, Vicia hybrida, Malcolmia africana, Cachrys alpina, Zacyntha verrucosa, Astragalus sinaicus, Convolvulus holosericeus, Onobrychis pindicola, Onobrychis hypargyrea, Astragalus parnassi, Centaurea orphanidea, Morina persica and other.By zoogeographical origin on the territory of Orlovo Brdo Mediterranean complex of faunal elements, which encompasses species connected with Mediterranean broadleaved woodlands, is dominating. A large portion of faunal elements that originate from the Black Sea-Caspian Region adapted to survive in dry steppe-like and semi-desert conditions is also present within this site. The presence of numerous vertebrate species included within the list of Resolution 6, as well as other important globally threatened species give a special quality and importance to this site.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Site Orlovo Brdo is situated in the central part of the Republic of Macedonia abut 5 km east of Negotino, between Slana River at west, Seopski Potok (stream) at east and the river Vardar at south.  It spreads over an area of  20.7 km2.It is a hilly area that spreads in Meridian direction at 160-534 meters height above the sea level. The highest point is the Peak Orlov Bair (534 m). This area is a western branch of Konecka Mountain that has been separated from the core mountain structure by the valley of Seopski potok (stream). In geotectonic terms, it is a part of the Vardar Zone built by Eogene sand and sea sediments. This area is one of the driest in Macedonia with only 400-510 mm precipitation per year. The temperatures are very high (mean annual temperature is 14?C), especially in summer. Due to the low precipitation amount, this area is dry with rare vegetation and is subject to erosion processes. Because of these reason, a lot of valley dales, rockslides, etc. can be found in this area.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1926. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrb?cher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & D?uki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Crivelli, J. &  Catsadorakis, G. (1997). Lake Prespa, northwestern Greece. A unique Balkan Wetland. Hydrobiologia, 351, i-xiii, 1-196.D?uki?, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.D?uki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Erben, M., 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an S?dosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt.Bot.M?nchen, 21:339-740.Gasc, J-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica J., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M., Sofianidou, T., Veith, M. & Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle (JEGB/SPN), Paris, pp. 1-496.  Gavrilovi?, V., Cvetkovi?, D.D., D?uki?, G. & Petkovski, S. (1999): Comparative morphological study of Rana balcanica and Rana ridibunda. - Contributions to the Zoogeography and Ecology of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1 (1999): 205-210.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kry?tufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J.; Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kry?tufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kry?tufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMitchell, A.J. -Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanovicz, B. Krystufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V.Vohralik & J. Zima (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego. Pp: 484.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Rudski, I., 1943:Prilog za poznavanju flore okoline Strumice. Ohridski zbornik, II, 136:205-238.Stojanov, N., 1921. Floristi~ni materijali od Belasica. Godi{. SU (FMF), 15-16:1-133.Scheider, P. & Jak?i?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Velevski, M. (2006): unpublished data

QUALITY:
The dominant habitat type is the Broad-leaved deciduous woodland (Beech forests, Thermophilous and supra-Mediterranean oak woods, Thracio-Macedonian oriental hornbeam thickets, Chestnut woods and Alder woods) covering 96% of the total surface area of the Site. Alpine and sub-Alpine grassland comprises 3 %. From among the plant communities present in this site, the most important will be mentioned, namely:ass.     Bruckenthalio-Juniperetum Ht. 1938ass.     Festuco heterophyllae-Fagetum Em 1965ass.     Calamintho grandiflorae-Fagetum Em 1965ass.     Fagetum subalpinum scardo-pindicum (Ht. 1938) Em 1961ass.    Ostryo-Quercetum silicicolum Rizovski 1984ass.     Alnetum viridis Br.-Bl. 918ass.    Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedonicum Rud. 1939 ap. Ht. 46ass.     Castanetum sativae macedonicum (Rudski 1938)  Nik.51The area of Smolare is located in the NE parts of the mountain Belasica. The following local endemic, relict and rare species grow in this area: Viola stojanovii (Locus classicus, IUCN Red List, 1998), Hypericum dimoniei, Alnus viridis,  Sempervivum erythraeum,  Spiraea chamaedryfolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Origanum heracleoticum, Phyllitis scolopendrium, Sedum pallidum, Sedum tuberiferum and others.From a stand-point of fauna richness and diversity, the quality and importance of the ASCI site "Smolarski vodopadi" is not connected only with the Smolare River and the aquatic fauna present within and along the river. A large portion of the Mountain Belasica is also encompassed within the borders of the site. The mountain itself represents a significant refugial center for various faunal complexes. The heterogeneity of the fauna is confirmed by presence of faunal elements that primarily originate from the Palaeo-balkan mountain fauna, Aegean-Anatolian semi desserts, Ponto-Caspian steppes, Sub-Mediterranean-Balkan Broadleaved woodlands, Balkan-Middle-European Broadleaved woodlands, European Coniferous forests and even Arctic-Alpine faunal elements.

DESIGNATION:
Decision for proclamation of the Smolare Waterfall for Monument of Nature, Municipality of Novo Selo, No.07-684 from 24.06.2002Law on proclamation of the site Smolarski vodopad (Smolare Waterfall) as protected area in the category Monument of Nature (Official Gazette of RM no. 35/2006)

OTHERCHARACT:
The site Smolarski Vodopadi (Smolare Waterfalls) is situated in the farthest south-eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia, on the northern slopes of the mountain Belasica. The site is located next to the village Smolare and few km south-east of the City of Strumica. This part of the mountain Belasica is characterized with a considerable steepness of the mountain sides because of their tectonic predisposition. A prove of this are few thermo-mineral springs alongside the splitting line, as well as several waterfalls on the right tributaries of the river Strumica, that run down over the mountain slopes. In geological terms, this part of the mountain Belasica is composed of different slates, gneisses, and other Precambrian and old Palaeozoic rocks. The northern splitting line cuts these rocky masses frequently, in parallel direction. In the area of the Smolare site itself, the fault enters naturally in the course of Smolare River. This has induced formation of major tectonic waterfall, of a height of 38 meters, ate around 500 meters above the sea level. Owing to the favourable climate conditions, and to significant amounts of precipitation on the northern side of Belasica (800-1000 mm), the Smolare River and the waterfall itself are abundant in water, especially during spring and autumn periods.  This causes intensive river erosion and gradual withdrawal of the waterfall back to the springs the Smolare River. In addition to the waterfall, this area is characterised with abundant forest coverage, favourable climate, exceptionally pleasant landscape view over the Strumica Valley, etc. All the above described features attributes great importance to the site, especially in the context of tourism development.


DOCUMENTATION:
Brelih, S. & D?uki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.D?uki?, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.D?uki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Gasc, J-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica J., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M., Sofianidou, T., Veith, M. & Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle (JEGB/SPN), Paris, pp. 1-496.  Gavrilovi?, V., Cvetkovi?, D.D., D?uki?, G. & Petkovski, S. (1999): Comparative morphological study of Rana balcanica and Rana ridibunda. - Contributions to the Zoogeography and Ecology of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1 (1999): 205-210.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kry?tufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J.; Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kry?tufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kry?tufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., ?arni, A., Kostadinovski, M. , 2005. New data regarding the flora in Republic of Macedonia. 8 Simpozijum o flori jugoist. Srbije i susednih podru?ja, 64, Ni?.Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, B. (2002): Inventory of Macedonian wetlands as natural resources. BSPSM's Special Edition, 2, 72 pp.Micevski, K.,1963. Tipolo?ki istra?uvanja na blatnata vegetacija vo Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 14:79-130Micevski, K.,1964. Tipolo?ki istra?uvanja na vegetacijata na nizinskite livadi vo Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 15:121-174Micevski, K.,1982. Florata i vegetacijata na SR Makedonija i problemot na nivnata za?tita. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 3(1):77-92.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K.,1988. Osmunda regalis L. i njena pripadnost mo?varnoj vegetaciji Jugoslavije. Zbor.referata nau?. skupa "Minerali, stijene, izumrli i ?ivi svijet BiH, Sarajevo. Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMitchell, A.J. -Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanovicz, B. Krystufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V.Vohralik & J. Zima (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego. Pp: 484.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jak?i?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Stojanov, N., 1921. Floristi?ni materijali od Belasica. Godi?. SU (FMF), 15-16:1-133.Velevski, M. (2006): Unpublished data.

QUALITY:
Within the borders of the site Monospitovsko-Bansko Blato, dominant habitat types include Bogs, Marshes, Water fringed vegetation, Fens, covering 92% of the total surface of the site. From among the plant communities present on this site, the most important shall be mentioned:ass. Scirpo-Caricetum oederi  K. Micevski 1959ass. Dichostylo-Fimbristyletum dichotomi H-i? 1954ass. Scirpo-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926ass. Oenantho-Roripperetum amphibiae Lokhmayer 1950ass. Cyperetum longi K. Micevski 1957ass. Scirpo-Alopecuretum cretici K. Micevski 1957ass. Osmundo-Thelipteretum K. Micevski 1988ass. Sparganio-Glycerietum fluitantis Br. Bl. 1957ass. Periploco-Alnetum glutinosae Rudski 1938Rather interesting relict vegetation thrives here on rich humus ground, with the king fern - Osmunda regalis - being a predominant species, creating the most beautiful and breathtaking populations on the Balkan Peninsula.This area cultivates one plant species listed in the Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the BERN Convention (Marsilea quadrifolia). Beside that one, there are some other plant species with highly area-restricted distribution in the other parts of the Republic of Macedonia, such as: Osmunda regalis, Thelipteris palustris, Tamarix smyrnensis, Sisyrinchium bermudiana, Isoetes phrygia, Glinus lotoides, Amarnthus spinosus, Alopecurus creticus, Ammannia verticillata, Cladium mariscus and others.During the first half of the last Century, problems related to eradication of the disease malaria in Macedonia were  solved mainly through drainage of marshes. Moreover, the process of melioration of marshes was not stopped until the end of XX century. The recent status of the marsh ecosystems in Macedonia has drastically changed compared to the past. In general, only a small portion of the former marsh ecosystems has been preserved, not resembling the previous opulent appearance of these aquatic biotopes exceptionally important for biodiversity. The above is also the case with the Bansko-Monospitovo Site, where the degraded marsh still hosts numerous globally important fauna species, through  with reduced abundance of their populations.

OTHERCHARACT:
This area is situated in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia, between the northern slopes of the mountain Belasica and the village Monospitivo. This is one of the lowest areas of the Strumica ravine, positioned at about 205-210 meters above the sea level. There is a large swamp there which used to be rather larger; however, owing to the land-reclamation activities, its area has significantly decreased. It spreads at area of 14.5 km2, east-west length of 5 km and north-south of 3.5 km.Monospitivsko Blato is a typical swamp that is in fact residue of the former Strumica Neogene lake, parts of which have been preserved in the lower area of the Strumica depression. The swamp drains through the water course Vodocica (with canal net) to the river Strumica. It is characterized by rich and diverse flora and fauna.


DOCUMENTATION:
Brelih, S. & D?uki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dimovski, A. (1981): Vodozemci i vle?ugi na Nacionalniot park Gali?ica. - Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite, Prilozi II (1/2): 63-74.D?uki?, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.D?uki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em., H., 1964. Za zaednicata na evlata (Alnus glutinosa Gaert.) vo Makedonija. Godi?.Zborn.Zemj.?umar.Fak., 17:263-268.Gasc, J-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica J., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M., Sofianidou, T., Veith, M. & Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle (JEGB/SPN), Paris, pp. 1-496.  Gavrilovi?, V., Cvetkovi?, D.D., D?uki?, G. & Petkovski, S. (1999): Comparative morphological study of Rana balcanica and Rana ridibunda. - Contributions to the Zoogeography and Ecology of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1 (1999): 205-210.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Kry?tufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J.; Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, B. (2002): Inventory of Macedonian wetlands as natural resources. BSPSM's Special Edition, 2, 72 pp.Micevski, K.,1978. Retki i nepoznati vidovi za florata na Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 31:151-165.Micevski, K.,1982. Florata i vegetacijata na SR Makedonija i problemot na nivnata za?tita. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 3(1):77-92.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Mitchell, A.J. -Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanovicz, B. Krystufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V.Vohralik & J. Zima (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego. Pp: 484.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jak?i?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Velevski, M. (2006): Unpublished data.

QUALITY:
Belchishta marsh, unlike other large vegetated wetlands in Macedonia, has been relatively undisturbed by humans or catastrophic natural processes in modern history.  Prior to World War II, other large Macedonian wetland systems were partially or completely drained or otherwise altered for the control of malaria and for increased agricultural production.  In addition, due to the multiple permanent springs that feed the wetland, the site has not been adversely affected by the prolonged drought, which has affected other areas over the last two decades. For these reasons, Belchishta wetland is unique in Macedonia and deserves to be protected as a natural heritage site.The dominant habitat types within the borders of this site are Mediterranean swamp alder woods (55%), Common clubrush beds, Common galingale beds, Small reed beds of fast-flowing waters and Sub-Mediterranean humid meadows (35%) of the total surface of the Locality. From among the plant communities that are present on this site, the most important shall be mentioned:37.61ass. Cynosuro-Caricetum hirtae K. Micevski 195753.12ass. Scirpo-Phragmitetum W. Koch 192653.4ass. Sparganio-Glycerietum fluitantis Br. Bl. 195744.913sojuz Alnion glutinosae (Malckit 1929) Meijer Drees 1936This Emerald site is situated in ravine Debarca, in the gorge of Sateska River. There is a large marsh with interesting relict vegetation on rich humus ground, with the Sticky Alder (Alnus glutinosa). This site fosters one plant species listed on the IUCN Global Red List (Malus florentina). Beside that one, there are some other plant species with highly area-restricted distribution in the other parts of the Republic of Macedonia, such as: Catabrosa aquatica, Salvia tenorii, Carex echinata, Lemna trisulca, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Scutellaria galericulata, Hypericum tetrapterum and others.The Belchishta marsh is the main breeding site for certain amphibians within the larger surrounding area, since the basic rocks of the wider region are calcareous. Abundant populations of the amphibians: Macedonian Crested Newt (Triturus carnifex macedonicus), Lake Frog (Rana ridibunda), Green Toad (Bufo viridis), Common Tree Frog (Hyla arborea), and Agile Frog (Rana dalmatina), as well as of the reptiles: European pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis) and Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) are existing on this site. The wetland is used as feeding site of numerous waterfowl and mammals.

OTHERCHARACT:
Belchishta Wetland (marsh) is situated in the south-western part of the Republic of Macedonia, in the ravine Debarca, near the villages of Belchishta and Novo Selo, about 20 km north from the city of Ohrid. The ravine is surrounded with middle high and high mountains, Karaorman at west, Ilinska Planina at east and northernmost branches of Galicica Mountain at south. The ravine Debarca is drained by the waters of Sateska River. The lower part of the ravine is swamped and it represents a remnants from the former big neogen lake. It is fed by at least nine permanent springs. The site Belci?ko Blato (marsh) is positioned at 764 m height above the sea level. The swamp spreads at east-west length of 6 km and north-south of 4 km. The total area of the site is 16.2 km2. The climate of the area has both Mediterranean and Continental influences. Generally, summers are hot and winters cold. The average annual temperature is approximately 9-10° C, with average annual precipitation lying between 730 and 890 mm.  Precipitation occurs primarily in November and May. July and August are usually without rain. The region is somewhat mountainous, with agriculture typically occurring in the small associated valleys.  The western portion (perhaps half) of the wetland is a forested zone dominated by common alder, Alnus glutinosa. The remainder is either open water dominated by duckweed, Lemna sp., or a freshwater marsh characterised by sedge, Carex sp., broad-leaf cattail, Typha latifolia, water mint, Mentha sp., and common reed, Phragmites australis, with scattered willows, Salix alba and Salix sp.


DOCUMENTATION:
Adamovi?, L., 1904. Beitrage zur Flora von Macedonien und Altserbien. DAWW, &4:115-150.BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1926. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrb?cher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & D?uki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.D?uki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1978. O nekim osobenostima borovih ?uma Makedonije. I. Reliktne crnoborove zajednice.-Mitt.Ostalp.-din.Ges.f.Veget.-Innsbruck.Em, H., 1981. O nekim osobenostima borovih ?uma Makedonije. II.Prilozi, MANU, Odd.za biol. i medic. nauki, 2(1-2):5-16, Skopje.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Erben, M., 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an S?dosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt.Bot.M?nchen, 21:339-740.Gasc, J-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica J., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M., Sofianidou, T., Veith, M. & Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle (JEGB/SPN), Paris, pp. 1-496.  Gavrilovi?, V., Cvetkovi?, D.D., D?uki?, G. & Petkovski, S. (1999): Comparative morphological study of Rana balcanica and Rana ridibunda. - Contributions to the Zoogeography and Ecology of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1 (1999): 205-210.Griffiths, H., (1998). Conservation and Balkan Biodiversity. In: Abstract Book, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan Fauna. Ohrid, September 1998.  Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kry?tufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J.; Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kry?tufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kry?tufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner  Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMicevski, K., 1981. Knautia karoli-rechingerii Micevski spec. nov. u flori Makedonije. Acta bot. Croat., 40: 233-243.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1990. Noviteti od rodot Dianthus L. (Caryophyllaceae) vo florata na SR Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 7(1-2): 31-46.Micevski, K., 1991. Prilog za zapoznavanje na rodot Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) vo SR Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 7(1-2): 47-56.Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMitchell, A.J. -Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanovicz, B. Krystufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V.Vohralik & J. Zima (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego. Pp: 484.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.

QUALITY:
The dominant habitat type on this site is the Coniferous woodland (Balkano-Pontic fir forest, South-eastern European Scots pine forest, Western Balkan Pinus nigra forests) covering 43% of the total surface of the Site. Broad-leaved deciduous woodland (Beech forests, Thermophilous and supra-Mediterannean oak woods) comprise 23 %, Mixed woodland 22% and Dry grassland 5%. From among the plant communities that are present on this site, the most important shall be mentioned:ass. Cynosuro-Caricetum hirtae K. Micevski 1957ass. Trifolietum nigrescentis-subterranei K. Micevski 1957ass. Trifolion cherleri K. Micevski 1970 ass. Poion violaceae Ht. 1937 ass. Festuco heterophyllae-Fagetum Em 1965 ass. Orno-Quercetum petraeae Em 1968 ass. Fago-Abietetum meridionale Em 1973 ass. Abieti-Fagetum macedonicum Em (1962)1985ass. Fago-Pinetum silvestris (Ht. et Em 1963) Em 1981 ass. Fago-Pinetum nigrae (Ht. et Em 1963) Em 1981 This area is characterized with highly interesting endemic and relict flora, and a majority of our local endemities grow here side by side, on lime ground and on ground where antimony and arsenic are in abundance (Viola arsenica, Viola allscharensis, Asyneuma cordiifolium, Knautia caroli-rechingeri, Thymus alsarensis, Centaurea leucomala, Centaurea kavadarensis, Onobrychis degenii and other). All of these endemities were first reported and described at this area, i.e. the Alsar site is their Locus classicus. The violet Viola arsenica which can be found on this area only is of particular interest, as a sort of a specific bio-indicator of the geologic substrate type, as well as of the degree of presence of toxic elements, since the above mentioned endemism grows only on grounds composed of antimony and arsenic. The same applies to the Alsar violet (Viola allchareinsis) which grows exclusively on this area and belongs to the group of Macedonian local endemities. Few species listed in the World Red List (IUCN Red List, 1998) also grow in this area (Ramonda nathaliae, Alkanna noneiformis, Alkanna stribrnyi, Eryngium serbicum, Centaurea wettsteinii and Onobrychis degenii). Beside the presence of 8 mammal species, 10 birds, 2 amphibians, 3 reptiles and 3 invertebrates from the List of Resolution No.6, as well as globally significant species (7 amphibians, 15 reptiles 2 birds and 8 mammal species), the territory of this ASCI site is characterized with the presence of other significant fauna species that belong mainly to two faunal complexes. The species of the first complex of fauna elements are distributed on lower altitudes and closely related with the Sub-Mediterranean Balkan broadleaved woodlands, where the oak woodlands are dominating (see ASCI site "Markovi Kuli"). The second complex of fauna elements is present within the frames of natural habitats that belong to the Balkan-Middle-European broadleaved woodlands, where the beech woodlands are dominating (on altitudes higher than 800 meters). Typical representatives of this complex of fauna elements are the following species: Macedonian Crested Newt (Triturus carnifex macedonicus), Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra), Agile frog (Rana dalmatina), Common Tree Frog (Hyla arborea), Slow Worm (Anguis fragilis), Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus),  Robin (Erithacus rubecula), White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotus), Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), Edible Dormouse (Glis glis), Common dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius), etc.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site Alsar  is situated in the furthest south part of the Republic of Macedonia, about 40 km south of Kavadarci and occupies the eastern slopes of the Mountain Kozjak (Mariovo). This area, covering an area of 652 km2, is at east marked with the ending western branches of the Mountain Kozuf. The central part of the area is split with Majdanska Reka (Bistra), tributary to Bistrica. This river is characterized by rapid mountain running, many rapids and small waterfalls and steep valley sides. At the valley sides, there are clearly visible remains of river terraces, and fluvial areas on the higher parts, where rural settlements can be found. The Mountain Kozjak, the range of which spreads on the western side of the area and follows Dinar direction NW - SE. The highest peak of the Mountain is the Baltova Cesma (1822 meters), while distinctive bend is Tribor (1442 meters). Through this bend, the Tikvesh (or Boshava) area is connected with Mariovo. The higher mountain part of the area on west is built mostly of gneisses, while the lower eastern part is composed of Triassic limestone structures. Thus, karst relief has been created here, especially underground karst formations that have been insufficiently explored.The site has very rich and heterogeneous geological composition and with arsenic and antimony mine, where unique thulium minerals have been found.Due to the average height of around 1100 meters, mountain climate dominates in this area with high precipitation amounts (900-1000 mm). This area has been covered by deciduous and evergreen wood spices and is very rich in water resources, particularly minor springs reaching a yield of 10 l/sec. The population is insignificant and the village of Rozden can be mentioned as the only prominent (still inhabited) rural settlement.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornm?ller, J., 1919/20. Zur Gattung Moehringia. Fedde Rep., 16:183-186Bornm?ller, J., 1923/24. Zur Verbascum -Flora Mazedoniens.  Fedde Rep., 19:97-99.Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1926. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrb?cher, 61:1-195 Bo?i?, L. 2001. Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus. From the ornithological notebook. Acrocephalus 22, no. 108:183.Velevski, M. 2006. Unpublished dataBrelih, S. & D?uki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.D?uki?, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Gasc, J-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica J., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M., Sofianidou, T., Veith, M. & Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica & Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle (JEGB/SPN), Paris, pp. 1-496.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena.   Kry?tufek, B.; Vohral?k, V.; Flousek, J.; Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner  Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMicevski, K., 1973. Helianthemo-Euphorbietum thessalae Micev. ass. nova vo vegetacijata na brdskite pasi{ta vo Makedonija. God.zbor. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 25:149-155.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMicevski, K., Matevski V., 2000. Natural monuments in Proeva, N.: NATURAL and cultural monuments. Ministry of information, 9-26, Skopje.Mitchell, A.J. -Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanovicz, B. Krystufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V.Vohralik & J. Zima (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London, San Diego. Pp: 484.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jak?i?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.

QUALITY:
The area of Markovi Kuli - Treskavec is in the vicinity of Prilep. The dominant habitat type within the site Markovi Kuli are represented by Dry grassland and Pelagonide campion siliceous cliffs (79%) and Broad-leaved deciduous woodland (20%).From among the plant communities that are present on this site, the most important shall be mentioned:ass.   Asplenio-Silenetum lerchenfeldianae Ht. 1936ass.   Sclerantho-Biserruletum pelecinae Matev. et Kostad. 1998ass.   Helianthemo-Euphorbietum thessalae K. Micevski 1973ass.   Quercetum frainetto-cerris macedonicum Oberd. 48 em. Ht. 59A number of our endemities (Moeringia minutiflora (IUCN Red List), Silene viscariopsis (IUCN Red List), Asplenium macedonicum, Verbascum adenantum, Dianthus prilepensis and Potentilla velenovskyi) thrive on this interesting silicate (granite) geologic ground. They were first reported and described in this area, i.e. the site of Markovi Kuli - Treskovec is their Locus classicus. Certain plant species that can be found in the neighbouring Balkan countries and which have area-restricted distribution like: Anogramma leptophylla, Cetunculus minimus, Geranium macrostylum, Hierochloe australis, Isoetes phrygia, Juncus capitaus, Juncus tanageia, Lithospermum glandulosum, Radiola linoides, Ranunculus lateriflorus and others, have been reported in this site. Within the frame of this ASCI site, besides the stable populations of 6 mammal species, 11 birds, one amphibian and 3 reptile species that are included in the list of Resolution No. 6, there is also presence of other globally significant species (6 mammals, 4 birds, 5 amphibians, 8 reptiles). The quality and importance of this site is manifested through the high concentration of specific complex of faunal elements that are closely related to natural habitats of the Sub-Mediterranean-Balkan broadleaved woodlands, in which the woodlands of Oak and Oriental Hornbeam are dominant. The main distribution range of these habitats, as well as the complex of faunal elements connected with them, is Asia Minor and the sub Mediterranean part of Balkan Peninsula, on altitudes between 300 - 800 m a.s.l. Typical representatives for this complex of faunal elements, and for the ASCI site, are: Hermann's Tortoise (Testudo hermanni), Snake-eyed Skink (Ablepharus kitaibelii), Sombre Tit (Parus lugubris), Syrian Woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus), Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Eastern Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), Yellow-necked Fieldmouse  (Apodemus flavicolis), etc.

DESIGNATION:
Decision of the National Institute for protection of monuments of culture on the proclamation of rocks formation of Markovi Kuli a Monument of Nature (Decision no. 04-514-2/67) from 1967.  Decision for proclamation of the site Markovi Kuli as protected area in a category Monument of Nature (Official Gazette of RM no.49/2006)

OTHERCHARACT:
The Mountain Zlatovrv spreads in the central part of the Republic of Macedonia and in the north-eastern part of the Pelagonia Valley, northwards of the town Prilep. At north, north-east and east it is surrounded by the Mountain Babuna, at west and south by Prilepsko Pole and the igneous metamorphic complex of Selecka Maounatin. Most of these mountains are famous by their specific geomorphological occurrence of dilluvial relief - the site of Markovi Kuli (King Marco's Towers). This site (with its marked borders) spreads at 36.6km2 at a height of 700-1422 meters above sea level. It spreads mostly in NW-SE direction (Dinar spreading); at north, it is separated by Gligoriska River, at south with the small Dabnicka River. This area is composed of several highlands. The central part is dominated by Zlatovrv (1422 meters), and by Lipa (1392 meters) at east, by Zelenik (993 meters) and Kukul (980 meters) on south.In geological terms, this area is composed mostly of gneisses, cut through by minor Palaeozoic granite stones (granite, granodiorites). The different resistance of these mixed stone complexes has determined the appearance of selective erosion and deputation that has resulted in diverse stone figures, holes, bumps, etc. Apart from the geological structure, the denudation forms have been also influenced by the climate (thermal decay, precipitation and rinse), as well as by vegetation (biogene degradation), animals and even human factor. It is worth mentioning that the high diversity of shapes of denudation on such a small area is rarity not only at the level of Macedonia, but broader, which is why this site deserves appreciation and preservation.The climate is characterized with big temperature oscillations (daily, seasonal), and with low amounts of precipitation up to  600 mm. Because of these reasons, this area is poor in surface water resources and tree vegetation. Beside the nature values, this area is abundant in anthropogenic (cultural) values, including many churches and monasteries (Treskavec), that testifies of prehistorical and ancient population of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. (2004). Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Bornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Dimovski, A. (1966): Herpetofauna na Skopska kotlina.  II. Faunisti?ki del. - Godišen zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 16 (4): 179-188.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Erben, M., 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an Südosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt.Bot.München, 21:339-740.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Košanin, N., (1911): Vegetacija planine Jakupice u Makedoniji. Glas. SKA, 85:184-242. Košanin, N., (1911): Eine interessante Pflanze von Jakupica in Makedonien. MBL, Jahrg. 10:115-118.Košanin, N., (1928): Aus der Flora Südserbiens. I. Crocus-Arten. BIJBU, 1(1):90-95, Beograd. Košanin, N., (1921): La distribution geografique des deux especes de Ramondia du Balkan. Glas. SKA, 101 (43):44-49.Košanin, N., (1926):  Les especes nouvelle s dans la flore de la Serbie du sud (Macedoine). Glas SKA, 69(54):19-29, Beograd. Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kryštufek, B. (2004). A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMicevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoPetkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Velevski, M. Dimitrovska E. Boži? L. Kar?icki V. & Pop-Trajkov M. (2002). A Contribution to the avifauna of Jakupica Massif, Central Macedonia. Bull. Biol. Stud. Res. Soc., 2:161-169.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
Mt Jakuica is located in the central and northern parts of the Republic of Macedonia.The following local endemities, relictes and rare species grow in this area: Viola kosaninii, Colchicum macedonicum, Thymus karadzicensis, Pedicularis ferdinandii, Saxifraga karadzicenzis, Dianthus jakuicensis, Sempervivum macedonicum, Carduus lindtneri, Verbascum pachyurum (Locus classicus), Ramonda nathaliae, Narthecium scardicum, Orchis coryophora, Rhododendron myrtifolium, Amaranthus crispus, Daphne cneorum, Aquilegia aurea, Thelipteris phegopteris, Pyrola chlorantha, Herniaria nigrimontium, Salix alpina, Aquilegia nigricans, Thymus boissieri, Androsace villosa, Hypericum linarioidesand others.In addition to the species included in the tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", three bird species included in the table " Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna" breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004).

DESIGNATION:
No protection status on a national level.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Erben, M., 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an Südosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt.Bot.München, 21:339-740.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kryštufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1987. Thymus rohlenae Vel. i Thymus grisebachii Ronn. vo florata na SR Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 8(1-2):57-64, Skopje Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, K.,1974/75. Lycopodiaceae vo florata na Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 27-28:169-173.Micevski, K.,1977. Dve novi Caryophyllaceae od Makedonija. Fragmenta Balcanica, X-4(224):29-39,Micevski, K.,1983. Rodot Aconitum L. vo florata na Makedonija. God.Zb., Biol., 36:119-126.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in the tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table " Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Džuki?, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Erben, M., 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an Südosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt.Bot.München, 21:339-740.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Ikonomov, P. (1986):  Plekopterite na Makedonija (Insecta, Plecoptera). Taksonomija i distribucija. - Acta Mus.maced.sci.nat. Skopje, 18 (4): 81-124.Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague  Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kryštufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1985. Thymus balcanus Borbas vo florata na SR Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 6(1-2): 41-49, Skopje.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K.,1991. Noviteti vo familijata Labiatae vo florata na Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 9(1-2):17-37.Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoPetkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in the tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornmuler, J. (1923/24e): Fritillaria Macedonica Bornm. (spec. nova Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg., 19: 201-202Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Cernjavski, P., 1943. Prilog za floristicko poznavanje sire okoline Ohridskog Jezera. Ohrid. Zborn., 35(2): 11-88.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Košanin, N., (1928): Aus der Flora Südserbiens. I. Crocus-Arten. BIJBU, 1(1):90-95, Beograd. Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kryštufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Macedonian Ecological Society (2006): Balkan green belt as ecological corridor for Bear, Wolf and Lynx: case study Jablanica-Mali e Shebenikut - part Jablanica. Final report, SkopjeMicevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1990. Novitäten in der Gattung Dianthus L. (Caryophyllaceae) in der Flora der SR Makedonien. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 8(1-2): 31-46.Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMicevski, K., Matevski, V., 1991. Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. (Compositae) vo florata na Republika Makedonija. God. zb., Biol., Skopje, 43-44: 185-190. Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.

QUALITY:
Mt Jablanica is located in the western part of the Republic of Macedonia. The following local endemities, relictes and rare species grow in this area: Fritillaria macedonica, Hieracium heteromixtum, Dianthus jablanicensis, Soldanella dimoniei, Cirsium erisithales var. spinosum (Locus classicus), Ramonda serbica, Narthecium scardicum, Minuartia baldaccii, Aubrieta thessala, Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis, Soldanella pindicola, Pinus peuce, Viola eximia, Solenanthus scardicus, Botrychium lunaria, Crocus cvijicii,  Lilium albanicum,  Trifolium pilczii and others.In addition to the species included in the tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".

OTHERCHARACT:
GEOGRAPHIC POSITION, BORDERS AND DIMENSIONSJablanica Mt. is situated on the north-west from Ohrid Lake, or to the west of the river Crn Drim valley, between Ohrid (south) and Debar valley (north). Eastern parts of the mountain belongs to the Republic of Macedonia, while its western parts are in Albania, between the valley of the river Skumbini and spring areas of the river Okstunit. Rectilinear length of the mountain is 45 km in meridian direction. Its maximal width is 25 km, and 7.5 km of them are in Macedonia. Total area of the mountain (Macedonian part (the contour 700 m, the river Crn Drim as an eastern border and the national border with Albania as a western border) is 235.85 km2.Jablanica Mt. occupies about 160 km2 of surface above 1000 m altitude on Macedonian territory. Sixty-four km2 of them are above 1500 m altitude. The surface above 2000 m altitude on this mountain (Macedonian territory) is 7.83 km2, while 11.45 km2 on Albanian territory. Total surface above 2000 m altitude is 19.28 km2. Hypsometric belt above 1800 m covers 25.71 km2 of surface and represents 16.1 % of total surface above 1000 m.GEOLOGIC COMPOSITIONPaleozoic, the oldest stratigraphic unit in western parts of Macedonia, is represented by Devonian phyllitoid schists on Jablanica Mt., which are not on the surface on the highest parts of the mountain (above 1800 m), but they represent a basis for the Triassic complex. Triassic sediments and Jurassic magmatic rocks are significantly spread between river Belichka Reka on the south and river Jablanichka on the north. Triassic sandstones and clays, which lay directly on Paleozoic metamorphic rocks, can be seen superficially on the south from the glacial lake Vevchanska Lokva, towards the stream Belichka Reka and to the south-east from the summit Strizhek (2.233 m). The carbonate facies, presented by squamate limestone and massive carbonates, is the most abundant on Jablanica Mt above 1800 m altitude. They are continuation of the aforementioned Triassic facies. Peridotite-serpentine and gabrodiabases mass, which penetrate through Triassic sediments, are connected with Jurassic magmatism on Jablanica Mt. Peridotiteserpentine magmatits appear along the valley of Belichka Reka as isolated tectonic bodies. There is an 8 km long conglomerate mass in the highest parts of Jablanica Mt. that starts from spring area of Belichka Reka. Conglomerates are built of hard oval stones with different mineral composition (diabase, gabro, limestone). The oval stones are with different dimensions and cemented with carbonate-clay glue. They are considered as late Jurassic, because of the facts that they lay upon Triassic carbonates and Jurassic magmatits and inside them late Jurassic microfauna found on the Albanian territory of Jablanica Mt.GEOMORPHOLOGIC FEATURESJablanica Mt. has mild arch-like shape with meridian direction, curved to west. The main mountain ridge is stretched between right source area of the river/stream Belichka Reka (1850 m) on the south and the river Lakavichka Reka (1410m) to the north. This mountain-ridge is about 10 km long and it represents the state border between Macedonia and Albania. The highest peak Crn Kamen (2.257 m) is located in the southern part of the main ridge, while the most prominent summit Strizhek (2.233 m) in the north-eastern part. In the northern part, the ridge ends with the summit Kamenjar (2.055 m). Few small ridges stretch to the east from the main ridge. Between them an impressive glacial cirques are situated. Belica ridge stretches to the south from the pervious one, from the summit Chumin Vrv 2.125 m asl., up to Mokra Gora (1.622 m) in Albania through the pass Kjafa San (931 m). To the north of the main ridge the mountain crest is more dispersed. The summits Raduch (2.083 m) and Strmnica (1.904 m) can be distinguished on the north of Lakavichka Reka and furthermore, to the valley of the river Crn Drim, the summit Veternik (1.348 m) is characteristic as well.KARSTIC RELIEFThe carbonaceous bedrock, that stretches above forest belt (sub-alpine and alpine zone), is covered by grassy vegetation, i.e. bare rocky ground can be rarely found on the main ridge. This is one of the main reasons that karstic micro-relief forms are less present in the central part of the mountain, between spring area of river Belichka and the summit Strizhak. The shkrapi (grooves, grikes) are "carved" on compact rocky mass. They mainly belong to the reticular type. Apart from the central part, surface karst forms with numerous appearances of shkrapi, doline and karstic valleys, is characteristic for the southern part of the mountain (to the south from Belichki Rid, 1.945 m asl.). Dolines are especially abundant on the southern part of Jablanica - from Belichki Rid (1.945 m) to Mechkina Dupka and on the northern part of the mountain - to the west of the summit Strmnica (1.904 m). Underground karstic forms (above 1800 m altitude) are not present on Jablanica Mt. There are certain indications about their presence, but this requires additional surveys.GLACIAL RELIEFCirques are the most numerous glaciations' marks on Jablanica. There are five typical cirques registered on the mountain, as well as few smaller and less expressed ones. On the eastern slope, between Chumin Vrv and Strizhek, five dominant cirques are situated one after another in meridian direction. Presently, they represent the basic morphoplastic of the highest parts of the mountain. Also, a smaller glacier valley that stretches approximately in east-west direction is located on Jablanica Mt. It starts from the opening of the Gorno Labunishta Cirque and ends with well preserved frontal moraine at Branica locality (1.732 m). The most prominent cirques are:o Vevchani Cirque, situated on the south of the peak Crn Kamen; in the middle of the cirque, at 1963 m altitude, glacial lake Vevchansko Ezero (Lokva) (126 x 64 m) was created during post-glacial period.o Large Podgorci Cirque, situated on the north of the previous one; the largest glacial lake on Jablanica (Podgorechko Ezero) was formed in the bases of this cirque.o Small Lower Labunishta Cirque and Upper Labunishte Cirque are situated on the north of the Podgorci Cirque; they were filled with water during post-glacial period and presently they represent two glacial lakes - Labunishki Ezera; they are significantly covered with wetland vegetation (Carex spp.).o The spring area of the river Belichka Reka, between Crn Kamen and Chumin Vrv, has a characteristic of less expressed cirque due to the significant recent (fluvial) dissection. The recent frame of the cirque occupies 1.31 km2 of surface. Climate conditions and the height of Jablanica Mt have resulted in appearance of local (mountainous) glaciations. Besides many cirques, these glaciations had no power to create more important glaciers. From this reasons, only few smaller glacier valleys are registered on Jablanica Mt.PERIGLACIAL RELIEFPeriglacial zone generally represents the space between the upper natural timber line and the snow border (alpine zone). The main characteristic of periglacial zone (Fig. 3) is absence of fluvial and glacial elements, i.e. domination of frosty and snowy processes.Fossil (Pleistocene and Holocene) and contemporary periglacial meso- and microfelief forms can be found on Jablanica Mt, mainly above 1800 m altitude. Of the fossil mesorelief forms, a few nivational cirques and two rocky glaciers were registered. The following contemporary relief phenomena are dominant on Jablanica: girland forms, ploughing blocks and rare phenomenon of polygonal rocks.CLIMATE FEATURESNorthern lower parts of Jablanica are under strong sub-Mediterranean influence penetrating through the river Crn Drim. The largest part of the mountain (approximately the middle altitudes between 900 and 1300 m asl.) are characterised by modified continental climate (warm continental) and the highest mountain parts have mountainous climate. HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURESThe most important hydrographical phenomena, two main karstic springs (Shum and Vevchani springs) and glacial lakes are described, as they are the most characteristic for this mountain.CARSTIC SPRINGSShum - Struga. The karstic spring Shum is situated on the foothills of Jablanica, on the east from Struga, at 700 m altitude. The main spring sources from a 40 m long cave. Temperature of the spring water is 10.5°C. A part of the water (about 500 l.s-1) is used for water-supplying of Struga and some other settlements. Long time ago, the inhabitants of the village Dolno Zagrachani have changed the spring into lake (500 m2). Present shape of the Shum Lake was created in 1955. Total flux of the spring Shum is 2 m3.s-1. The importance of this spring is not just because of its natural value, but it also poses extraordinary economic and social value. Thus, the neighbouring watershed should be protected.Vevchani springs. Vevchani springs are situated at the eastern foothill of Jablanica composed of Mesozoic carbonates. The main spring with capacity of 1.5 m·s-1 originates from a cave channel. The water comes out of fissures that are disposed linearly, upside-down, 100 m in length and altitudinal variation of 10 m. During the arid period (July-September), the higher springs dry up, while the flux of the lower springs decrease. The glacial lakes on Jablanica have preserved their hydrographic activity till today.GLACIAL LAKESPodgorci Lake (Podgorechko Ezero) is the largest glacial lake on Jablanica. It occupies 3.999 m2 of surface and has maximum elongation in northeast-southwest direction. The distance in west-east direction is 266 m, while in north-south direction is 175 m. The maximum depth is 3.9 m (10 m from the western shore).Vevchani Lake (Vechansko Ezero/Lokva) is the second largest glacial lake on Jablanica. It covers 2.810 m2 of surface. The length of the lake in east-west direction is 126 m, while its maximum width is 64 m. Its perimeter varies considerably since this lake does not have either springs or outflows. The perimeter of the lake is 645 m at maximum level of the lakes surface, while at minimum level is only 348 m. The maximum depth is about 10 m (based on our own measurement).Gorno and Dolno Labunishko Lake (Gorno and Dolno Labunishko Ezero) cover small surfaces. Gorno Labunishte Lake covers 960 m2 of surface and its perimeter is 274 m. The lower lake is smaller and almost round, without source and outflow, while the upper lake has irregular shape and has permanent source and a stream outflows from its southeaster side. The main characteristic of both lakes is that they are significantly covered by vegetation (sedges - Carex spp.), reflecting their aging. In the recent history an artificial canal was constructed at both lakes from the inhabitamts of the village Labunishte. Because of this channel, the water level has decreased and the lakes are disappearing.Reference: Macedonian Ecological Society (2006): Balkan green belt as ecological corridor for Bear, Wolf and Lynx: case study Jablanica-Mali e Shebenikut - part Jablanica. Final report, Skopje


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Erben, M., 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an Südosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt.Bot.München, 21:339-740.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kryštufek, B. (2004). A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMicevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoPetkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Rudski, I., 1943:Prilog za poznavanju flore okoline Strumice. Ohridski zbornik, II, 136:205-238.Stojanov, N., 1921. Floristi~ni materijali od Belasica. Godi{. SU (FMF), 15-16:1-133.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in the tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)"and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species, breeding in the site are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna" are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004).

DESIGNATION:
Smolare waterfall site, which is a part of the Mountain Belasica, is protected on a national level as Natural Monument (IUCN cat. III).


DOCUMENTATION:
Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Em, H., 1964. Za zaednicata na evlata (Alnus glutinosa Gaert.) vo Makedonija. Godiš.Zborn.Zemj.Šumar.Fak., 17:263-268.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Micevski, K., 1967. Blatnata vegetacija kaj Negore?ka Banja i nejzinoto zna?enje za singenezata na blatnata vegetacija vo Makedonija. God. zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 19: 31-45.Micevski, K., 1982. Florata i vegetacijata na SR Makedonija i problemot na nivnata zaštita. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 3(1):77-92.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana

QUALITY:
This Emerald site is situated in the southern part of the Republic of Macedonia, near the city of Gevgelija. There is a large swamp with interesting relict vegetation on rich humus ground, with the Phragmites communis, Cyperus longus, Molinia coerulea and others. Some plant species with highly area-restricted distribution in the other parts of the Republic of Macedonia can be found on this site, such as: Molinia coerulea, Cladium mariscus, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Periploca graeca  etc.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLifeBornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dimovski, A. (1966): Herpetofauna na Skopska kotlina.  II. Faunisti?ki del. - Godišen zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 16 (4): 179-188.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kryštufek, B. (2004). A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Mayer, E., Micevski, K.,1982. Zur taxonomischen bewertung von Eryngium wiegandii Adamovic. Acta Bot. Croat., 41:181-186.Micevski, K.,1969. Stachys iva Griseb. i Stachys horvaticii Micevski spec.nov. u flori Makedonije. Acta Bot. Croat., 28:449-454. Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K.,1991. Noviteti vo familijata Labiatae vo florata na Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 9(1-2):17-37.Micevski, K.,1993. Silene paeoniensis Bornm. und Stachys babunensis Micevski spec. nov. in der Flora red Republik Makedonien. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 13(1-2):29-32.Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in the tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species, breeding in the site, included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna, are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004).


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dijksen, S. & Dijksen A. 1984-1985. Some observations of birds in the Ohrid Lake area (Yugoslavia) in May 1980. Larus 36/37:253-264.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Fremuth, W. Bino T. Bego F. Jorgo G. Micevski B. Anastasovski V. Tzvetkov T. Hristov I. Schneider-Jacoby M. & Shumka S. 2000. Four years of simultaneous wintering waterbird census at the Ohrid and Prespa Lakes 1997-2000. Paper presented at Proceedings of the International Symposium "Sustainable development of Prespa Region", at Skopje.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Micevski, B. 1996. Ohrid Lake winter ornitofauna (Faunistical and Structural Characteristics). God. Zb., Biol. 49:85-93.Micevski, B. Inventory of Macedonian wetlands as natural resources.  2002. Skopje, BSPSM. Micevski, B. Avifauna of Ohrid Lake.  2003. Skopje, BSPSM. Micevski, K.,1963. Tipološki istražuvanja na blatnata vegetacija vo Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 14:79-130Micevski, K., 1969. Vodna vegetacija na Ohridskoto i Prespanskoto Ezero. Acta Musei Macedonici Scientarum Naturalium, 4 (94): 61-80.Micevski, K.,1982. Florata i vegetacijata na SR Makedonija i problemot na nivnata zaštita. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 3(1):77-92.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in the tables "Birds listed on Resolution No. 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", three bird species, breeding in the site, included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna" are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004).

DESIGNATION:
Protected on a national level as Natural Monument (IUCN cat.III) with theLaw on proclamation of the Ohrid, Prespa and Doyran Lakes as protected areas in the category  Natural Monument (Official Gazette of RM no. 45/1977)


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dzukic, G., Kalezic, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Dzukic, G. & Kalezic, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Fremuth, W. Bino T. Bego F. Jorgo G. Micevski B. Anastasovski V. Tzvetkov T. Hristov I. Schneider-Jacoby M. & Shumka S. 2000. Four years of simultaneous wintering waterbird census at the Ohrid and Prespa Lakes 1997-2000. Paper presented at Proceedings of the International Symposium "Sustainable development of Prespa Region", at Skopje.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Jakovljevi?, S., 1934: Vegetation macrophytique du lac de Prespa. BIJBU, Belg., 3 (1-2):35-55.Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Krystufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. (2004). A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., ?arni, A., Kostadinovski, M. , 2005. New data regarding the flora in Republic of Macedonia. 8 Simpozijum o flori jugoist. Srbije i susednih podru?ja, 64, Niš.Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, B. Inventory of Macedonian wetlands as natural resources.  2002. Skopje, BSPSM. Micevski, B. 1992. Structural and faunistical characteristics of the avifauna of Lake Prespa (Macedonian part).. God. zb., Biol. 45:51-55.Micevski, B. Avifauna of Lake Prespa.  1998. Skopje, Vest. Micevski, K.,1963. Tipološki istražuvanja na blatnata vegetacija vo Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 14:79-130Micevski, K.,1964. Tipološki istražuvanja na vegetacijata na nizinskite livadi vo Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 15:121-174Micevski, K., 1969. Vodna vegetacija na Ohridskoto i Prespanskoto Ezero. Acta Musei Macedonici Scientarum Naturalium, 4 (94): 61-80.Micevski, K.,1982. Florata i vegetacijata na SR Makedonija i problemot na nivnata zaštita. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 3(1):77-92.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoPetkov, S., 1910: Vodnata i vodoraslata flora na j.zapadna Makedonija. Plovdiv. Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jaksic, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Tutin, T.G. et all., 1964-1980: Flora Europaeae, I-V. Cambridge.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", six bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".

DESIGNATION:
The site is protected on a national level as Natural Monument (IUCN cat. III) with the Law on proclamation of the Ohrid, Prespa and Doyran Lakes as protected areas in the category Monument of Nature (Official Gazette of RM no. 45/1977)Ornithological locality "Ezerani" on Prespa Lake is protected as Strict Nature Reserve (IUCN cat. I) with the Law on proclamation (Official Gazette of RM no. 37/1996).


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Dzukic, G., Kalezic, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Dzukic, G. & Kalezic, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Krystufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Macedonian Ecological Society (2007): Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt. Project report.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, K.,1974/75. Lycopodiaceae vo florata na Makedonija. God.zb. PMF-biol., Skopje, 27-28:169-173.Micevski, K.,1978. Tipološki istražuvanja na vegetacijata na livadite i pasištata vo Maleš i Pijanec. MANU, posebni izd., 9-41.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoPetkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jaksic, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna"

OTHERCHARACT:
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, BORDERS AND AREA Osogovo Mountain Massif (Osogovo Mountains) is located in the Northeast part of the Republic of Macedonia, and small part of them (28.2 %) lies in Bulgaria. It is highmountain morphostructure, because highest peak Ruen is on 2252 m altitude, and furthermore 5 peaks are above 2000 m. According to the altitude of highest peak, that is 9th mountain in the Republic of Macedonia and highest mountain structure in the east part of the country. Macedonian side of the massif is bounded by Kriva River on the north, Kratovska River, Povisnitsa, Zguri pass (878 m), Kundinska River, Dobrevska River and Zletovska River on the west, and Kocani plain, Bregalnica valley and Ribnica River on the south.In exactly defined morphologic extent (up to mentioned river valleys and proper isohypses), Osogovo Mountain Massif (Osogovo Massif) coveres an area of 1102.24 sq. km, or 4.3 % of Republic of Macedonia. With this area, it is the second large mountain in the country, after mountain massif Jakupica (Solunska Glava, 2540 m). Geology (lithology) of the Osogovo mountain massif is relatively homogenous, and generally represented by Precambrian and Paleozoic crystalline rocks. This is especially fact for the central part of the massif, which is composed by gneisses, mica schist's, chlorite schist's, muskovite schist's and quartzgraphitic schist's. In the west and east side of the massif, these Precambrian and Paleozoic crystalline rocks are intruded and covered by younger magmatites (intrusive and effusive): paleozoic granitoid rocks, mesozoic gabro, tertiary andesites, dacites, quartzlatites, ignimbrites etc.GEOMORPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Basic geomorphological features In morphological view, the main characteristic of Osogovo is its massiveness and asymmetry, with dominant fault tectonic elements in contrast to folds. From the two higher peaks Ruen (2252 m) and Carev Vrv (2085 m), seven mountain ridges are dispersed in radial directions, dissected with deep valleys. Main ridge (53 km long) is KostadinicaLisec ridge, who continues over Carev Vrv to the Sokol ridge and east of Ruen peak (in Bulgaria) as a Choveka ridge. This major ridge is not in a straight line, but has zigzag path caused by differences in domination of fluvial erosion from Kriva Reka on the north and Bregalnica on the south. Normally to previous, shorter but higher is Ruen ridge (32 km), with meridional direction. Other smaller ridges are Kalin Kamen (13 km), Lopen (24 km), D'lgidel and Kitka (22 km). Because of rock erodibility, all mentioned ridges are wide, rounded, flattened and formed with successive dissection of old denudation flats. From geologically harder parts of the ridges, arise many rounded peaks with low relative altitude above the ridge. In Macedonian part of Osogovo Mountain, aside of Ruen (2252 m) and Carev Vrv (2085 m), another 4 peaks are above 2000 m: Mal Ruen (2203 m), Kalin kamen (2043 m), Sokol (2038 m), and Petlovo Brdo (2013 m). These high peaks are built in granitoid rocks and quartz latites. Furthermore, some 50 peaks are between 1000 and 2000 m altitude. On the ridge parts builted by erodible rocks, or where fluvial erosion deeply advanced from two opposite sides of ridges, shallow passes are formed. Only few passes have some morphological significance: Sokol (1824 m) between Ruen and Carev Vrv, Nezilovo pass (1355 m), between Lisets (1526 m) and Breza (1561 m). In same time they have communication significance. Palaeorelief With field research on the massif, three types of palaeorelief (fossil landforms) were confirmed: palaeovolcanic, fluvialdenudation surfaces and coastal surfaces. Palaeovolcanic relief Palaeovolcanic relief is located on the western Mountain side, as a part of KratovoZletovo palaeovolcanic region. It is represented by near 20 volcanic cones and calderas, highly eroded by postvolcanic fluvialdenudation processes. Only Plavica cone (1297 m) and Lesnovo cone (1167 m) are better preserved, as well as their calderas on the top (Milevski, 2006). These two volcanic centers, together with UvoBukovets cones, Zdravci Kamen, Zivalevo and other volcanic necks, belongs to the older volcanic phases, Oligocene in age (Serafimovski, 1993). Younger centers (MiocenePliocene in age) are located in the south part of palaeovolcanic area, from Zletovo to Spancevo village. They are Preslap (1117 m) and Rajcani (867 m) cones with some remnants of calderas (later with double caldera). Here, volcanic activity was violent with dense layers of tuffs and breccias. Denudation terraces Fluvialdenudation surfaces of planation are significant for the recent morphology of Osogovo Massif. There are six identified surfaces, stairslike placed one below other. The highest is fluvialdenudation surface of 1900-2000 m, which we called initial. Lower ones are surfaces of 1780-1840 m, 1570-1620 m, 1420-1480 m, 1250-1300 m and 1100-1180 m. Although fluvialdenudation surfaces are highly eroded, they are very important for the mountain massif, because major ridges were dissected remnants of these surfaces. In that sense, special meaning for the Mountain morphology has initial surface (1900-2000 m), then denudation surface of 1570-1620 m, and denudation surface of 1250-1300.Coastal terraces Beside denudation surfaces, third segment of palaeorelief on Osogovo Massif are coastal terraces. They were formed with coastal process, during gradual regression of Neogene's lakes, existed in neighbor depressions. Hence, formation of the lakes in neighbor depression were caused by midMiocene and upperMiocene delineation and sinking of the tectonic blocks, as well as with influence of wet climate characteristic for this period. Coastal terraces itself (preserved in the recent relief), were formed during periods of stable lake levels trough PliocenePleistocene successive regression. On the Macedonian side, there are not evidence of glaciations on the Ruen or on the Carev Vrv area. But in source area of Kriva River, NE of Carev Vrv, terrain has semirounded amphitheatric cirquelike morphology (altitude 18002040 m). Unfortunately this area is highly eroded by later solifluction processes, so it is difficult for reconstruction. However, instead of typical valley glaciations there are some evidence of small ice cap around Carev Vrv (2085 m), with one moraine (altitude 1990 m) on the highest part of Kitka ridge. The formation of this ice cap is predisposed by suitable initial relief, because Carev Vrv and surrounding areas are "flattened" remnants of initial fluvialdenudation surface, highly uplifted. Periglacial phenomena are much clearer expressed than glacial. There are several large nivation cirques around Carev Vrv, one of which is closely in morphology to real glacial cirque. In same area has noted 7 larger solifluction tongues. On the west side of Mal Ruen peak, tenths ploughing blocks are registered as well as rock polygons and girland soils. All mentioned phenomena are located on altitude between 17002085 m. In aspect of their formation, larger forms (nivation cirques, solifluction slides) were formed during last glacial (wurm), and smaller one, show some Holocene activity. CHARACTERISTIC GEOMORPHIC LOCALITIES ON THE OSOGOVO MOUNTAIN On the Osogovo mountain massif many interesting localities with specific and unique geologic, geomorphic, and hydrographic characteristics can be identified. In that sense, several are presented like most significant, and they are: "Carev Vrv "Ruen "Valley of Kratovska Reka "Gorge of Zletovska Reka "Ratkova Skala "Lesnovo Cone "Kundino Lake "SasaKosevica "Stanecki waterfall Apart of mentioned localities, there are several others really significant and interesting, like valley of Stanecka River, gorge of Orizarska River, upper part of Zletovska River etc. Locality Carev Vrv is located around the samename dominant peak (2085 m), and generally occupy area in vicinity of this peak, with uppermost parts of Kalinkamen ridge on the north, Kostadinica ridge on west, Sokol ridge on east and Kitka ridge on southeast. Carev Vrv itself has central position on the Osogovo mountain massif, merging main mountain ridges, and in the same time represent significant hydrographic node. In south direction of Carev Vrv, relief is characterized by an impressive denudation flat Kitka (1900 to 2000 m), which is remnant of an earlier mountain stage. On the top of this flat are present: initial girland soils (solifluction terraces); rockfields formed by weathering of granite rocks; shallow nivation depressions; one bigger moraine, possibly with glacial origin. On the east side, toward Kamenicka valley, there are several nivation cirques, shallow nivation depressions and avalanche corridors. Locality Ruen occupy uppermost part of Osogovo Mountain together with highest peak Ruen (2252 m), descending on the west to the 1700 m altitude (up to the macadam road ToranicaSasa). This is a typical highmountain landscape with characteristic morphology and presence of periglacial landforms make by icesnow processes. Most interesting landforms are around Mal Ruen peak: rockseas, rockstreams and ploughing blocks, formed with weathering and under slight (time to time) sliding processes. Locality Valley of Kratovska River is on west side of Osogovo Mountain, occupying valley of Kratovska Reka between Zivalevo and Gorno Kratovo village. From palaeovolcanic landforms, truly dominant is volcanic neck Zdravci Kamen, west from Kratovo. Upstream of Kratovo, valley of Kratovska Reka is really attractive with steep sides (somewhere like a canyon), because of their incision in hard volcanic rocks. Northeast up to the dominant peak Lisec (1526 m), terrain is characterized by strong erosion in crystalline rocks. Locality Gorge of Zletovska River is situated on the west side of Osogovo Mountain, representing valley of Zletovska River between inflow of their left tributaries Emiricka River on the north and Esterec River on the south. Significance of this locality is because of several interesting geomorphic phenomena: deep river valley with gorgelike and canyon like steep sides, covered by rockfalls and taluscones, rocknecks and small denudation landforms; several waterfalls, steps and slopes in the riverbed of Zletovska River and their tributaries etc. In this area, really interesting is riverbed of Zletovska River itself. Its have high longitudinal slope, correlated with frequent occurrences of steps and waterfalls. Among these, biggest waterfall (on entire Zletovska River) is near Jamiska River inflow which is 12 m high, and with large, 3 m deep basin in the bottom. Locality Ratkova Skala is situated in southwest part of Osogovo Mountain, between Ratkovica village on north and Sinkovica region on south. Landscape has interesting physionomy, different from other parts. The valley of Stalkovica River in length of 1.5 km is canyonlike, with up to 400 m deep vertical sides and escarpments. Highest escarpments are on right (north) valley side, were propagated in length of 1.2 km, and on the left side are smaller, with 130 m in altitude and 0.5 km in length. Locality Lesnovo palaeovolcanic cone is situated in the west part of Osogovo Mountain, between Probistip town and Zletovo village. This is one of best preserved palaeovolcanic cones in Kratovo-Zletovo palaeovolcanic region, as well as in Republic of Macedonia, covering an area of 12 km2, and diameter of 4 km. Most impressive is northern neck Ilin Krst (1127 m), which was possible main volcanic center from which greatest amount of lava and volcanoclastic material was expel. On the south and east side there are another three dominant necks: Sv. Troica (1012 m), Nuseva Cuka or Gorno Brdo (1025 m) and Gumicki Rid (1048 m). Locality Kundino Lake is situated on the west part of Osogovo Mountain, between Probistip town and Plavica (1297 m). This locality has several interesting objects like large palaeovolcanic cone and caldera of Plavica, couple of secondary volcanic cones (necks), then many denudation landforms as rills, gullies, badlands etc., and maby the most interesting is small natural lake called Kundino Lake. Today Kundino Lake has periodic character and much more resemble marsh with dense vegetation of cane and grass. Locality Sasa-Kosevica is situated on the east part of Osogovo Mountain, and spatially covers significant part of Kamenicka River valley from Sasa village on the north to the Kosevica Village on the southeast. This locality is significant because it represent an area of excessive erosion and accumulation, which is consequence of appropriate natural factors (among them soft rock lithology, forced tectonic, slopes, aspects) and great human impact. Excessive erosion caused formation of few large alluvial fans along the valley bottom, especially near Sasa village. Some of them have more than 500 m length, and 300 m width. Locality Stanecki waterfall is situated in north part of Osogovo Mountain near Stanci village, on the 1000 m - 1300 m altitude. Most interesting object here is erosive waterfall of Kozja River, positioned on 1160 m a.s.l. Its overall height is 14 m, and is highest permanent waterfall on the Osogovo Mountain. In vicinity of the waterfall is an interesting phenomenon of large builder accumulation, probably created by denudation. HYDROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Ground waters and springs The region of Osogovo Mountain has mean annual sum of precipitations of about 700 mm, which is roughly average in the Republic of Macedonia. Number of springs on the Osogovo Mountain is high, especially on the east side, composed by crystalline rocks, but springs are poor, and frequently they functioned periodically or temporary. Most of the springs are in higher areas, near Carev Vrv and Ruen, on the passes, river terraces, in the areas with dense vegetation etc. River network River network on the Osogovo Mountain is represent by 780 permanent, periodic and temporal watercourses, with overall length of 1870 km and average length of 2.4 km per watercourse. In this area, only 5 rivers are longer than 20 km, as follow: Zletovska River (55.5 km; 33.8 km up to Zletovo v.); Kriva River up to the inflow of Kratovska River (54.3 km); Kocanska River (36.2 km); Orizarska River (34.3 km) and Kamenicka River (23.9 km). Lakes On the Osogovo Mountain are located several artificial lakes and one small natural lake. Larger artificial lakes are Kalimanci and Gratce. In near future, in the inner part of Osogovo Mountain will be form one larger artificial lake "Knezevo" as a element of hydro system "Zletovica". After construction of the 75 m high rockfill dam, the lake will be 3.5 km in length, area of 0.7 km2, and overall volume of 23.5 millions m3. Beside mentioned larger artificial lakes on the Osogovo Mountain, there are few small accumulations as well as micro accumulation, built for local needs for irrigation, fishery, and cattle supply etc. In the southwest part of Osogovo Mountain, there is one small natural lake: Kundino lake, which is almost totally destroyed by human impact. CLIMATEThe climate of this area is characteristical due to the influence of the altitude, orographic, pedological and biogeographical factors (that are concidered as permanent factors), as well as influence of the variable climatic factors expressed by influence of the movements of the air massess and frequencies of the atmospheric frontal systems, intensity and type of precipitation, and changes in the termical and higrical conditions, as well as air currents.Due to the specific physico-geographical and orographical conditions in the mountainous parts of the northeastern regions of Macedonia and Osogovo Region, following climatic types occur (according to the changes of the meteorological-climatic elements related to the altidude), as well as due to changes of the meteorological-climatic variables dependent of the latitude and longitude:1. Area with continental-submediteranean climate (altitude to 600 m asl).2. Area with warm continental climate (altidudes between 600-900 m asl)3. Area with cold continental climate (900-1100 m)4. Area with submontane-continental climate (1100-1300 m asl)5. Area with montane-continental climate (1300-1650 m asl)6. Area with subalpine climate (1650-2250 m asl)7. Area with alpine climate (altitudes above 2250 m)The expression of these climatic areas (regions) is not equal everywhere depending on the altitude. It changes depending the exposition of the mountain ridges, dominate air currents, insolation, altitude, local conditions (soil type, pedological and biogeographical conditions etc). On Osogovo Mts. the borderline between the continental pluviometic regime and the modified-continental pluviometric regime passes. This distribution have influence on the ecological conditions, annual fluctuation of the average hydrological conditions, hydrological cycle, as well as to the surface and underground waters, plant communities, pedogenetic processes and all conditions of the Osogovo Mts.Reference:Macedonian Ecological Society (2007): Osogovo Mountains in the Balkan Green Belt. Project report.


DOCUMENTATION:
Bornm?ller, J., 1925. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1926. Beitr?ge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornm?ller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrb?cher, 61:1-195Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Dzukic, G., Kalezic, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Dzukic, G. & Kalezic, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Krystufek, B. Vohral?k, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kry?tufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatevski, V., 1986-87. Thymus tosevii Vel. - kompleksot vo florata na SR Makedonija. God. Zborn. na PMF, Biol., 39-40:31-38, Skopje Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, K., Matevski, V., 1984. Diantho-Cistetum incani Micevski et Matevski ass. nov.vo vegetacijata na SR Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 5(2):11-16, Skopje Micevski, K.,1971. Tunico-Trisetetum myrianthi Micev.ass.nov. vo vegetacijata na brdskite pasi?ta vo Makedonija. God.Zborn., PMF-biol., Skopje, 24:59-65.Micevski, K.,1971. Astragalus physocalyx i Astragalus ponticus Pall., novi vidovi za florata na Makedonija i Jugoslavija. God.Zborn. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 24:67-72.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K., Matevski, V., 1983. Retki i slabo poznati rastenija vo florata na Makedonija I. God. Zborn. Biol. fak., 36:149-153, Skopje Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoPetkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jaksic, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.

QUALITY:
The site Churchulum-Paljurci is located near Bogdanaci in the south parts of the Republic of Macedonia. Only one plant species listed on Resolution No 6 (1998) (Astragalus physocalyx) is present on this site. Following  relicts and rare species grow in this area: Isoetes phrygia,Erigeron bonariensis, Hymenocarpos circinatus, Inula graveolens, Helianthemum aegyptiacum, Echium platagineum, Cistus incanus, Tagetes minuta, Vicia articulata, Briza maxima, Anthemis macedonica, Lupinus angustifolius, Dracunculus vulgaris, Ornithopus compressus, Quercus coccifera, Romulea bulbocodium, Punica granatum, Alkanna tinctoria, Asphodelus microcarpus and others.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dzukic, G., Kalezic, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Dzukic, G. & Kalezic, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Krystufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1986-87. Thymus tosevii Vel. - kompleksot vo florata na SR Makedonija. God. zb. na PMF, Biol., 39-40:31-38, Skopje.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMicevski, K.,1969. Stachys iva Griseb. i Stachys horvaticii Micevski spec.nov. u flori Makedonije. Acta Bot. Croat., 28:449-454. Micevski, K.,1970. Astragalus sericophyllus Griseb. emend. K. Micevski und Astragalus mayeri K. Micevski spec. nov. in der flora von Mazedonien. Fragm. Balc. 7(17)22:157-166 Micevski, K.,1976. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na Centaurea marmorea Bornm. et Soška vo florata na Makedonija. Prirodonau?en muzej na Makedonija, Posebno izdanie, 7:81-87.Micevski, K.,1978. Centaurea kozjakensis, nov vid od Sect. Phalolepis (Cass.) DC od Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. za prir.mat.nauki, MANU, 9(1):53-58.Micevski, K.,1978. Polimorfizam kaj vidovite od Sect. Phalolepis (Cass.)DC na rodot Centaurea (Asteraceae) vo Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. za prir.mat.nauki, MANU, 10(2):55-65.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMicevski, K., Matevski, V., 1998. Genista subcapitata Pan?. vo florata na Republika Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 19(1-2):17-22.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jaksic, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Soška, Th., (1933):Beitrag sur Marmorflora der Umgebung von Prilep. BIJBU Belg., 2 (3):176-182.Stojanoff, N., (1928): Thracische und macedonische Herbarmaterijalen des Verstorbenen prof. Dr. Theodor Nikoloff. Spis.BAN, 37(18):49-209.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dzukic, G., Kalezic, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Dzukic, G. & Kalezic, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Krystufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matevski, V., 1986-87. Thymus tosevii Vel. - kompleksot vo florata na SR Makedonija. God. zb. na PMF, Biol., 39-40:31-38, Skopje.Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Micevski, K.,1977. Erysimo-Trifolietum Micev. ass.nov. vo vegetacijata na Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. za prir.mat.nauki, MANU, 9(1):75-82.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski K., Matevski V. 2001. Dianthus ernesti-mayeri Micevski & Matevski spec. nov v flori Republike Makedonije. Razprave, IV. Razreda,  SAZU, 42 (3):153-158, Ljubljana, Slovenija.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoPetkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jaksic, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", four bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004)  are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dimovski, A. (1966): Herpetofauna na Skopska kotlina.  II. Faunisti?ki del. - Godišen zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 16 (4): 179-188.Dzukic, G., Kalezic, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Dzukic, G. & Kalezic, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Krystufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Mayer, E., Micevski, K.,1982. Zur taxonomischen bewertung von Eryngium wiegandii Adamovic. Acta Bot. Croat., 41:181-186.Micevski, K.,1978. Reliktnost i endemizam vo florata i vegetacijata na Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. za prir.mat.nauki, MANU, 79-93.Micevski, K.,1982. Ephedra major Host. u flori Makedonije. Glas. Rep. Zavoda za{t. prirode, Titograd, 15:55-62.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K.,1991. Noviteti vo familijata Labiatae vo florata na Makedonija. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 9(1-2):17-37.Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K., Drenkovski, R.1968. Rasprostranuvanje na Kitaibelia vitifolia Willd. vo Makedonija. Fragmenta Balcanica, 4-14(149):137-140.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoMicevski, K., Matevski V., 2000. Natural monuments in Proeva, N.: NATURAL and cultural monuments. Ministry of information, 9-26, Skopje.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jaksic, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Soška, Th., (1938/39): Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schluchtenfloren von Südserbien. II. Glas. SND, 20(7):35-58. Soška, Th., (1939): Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schluchtenfloren von Südserbien, III. Glasnik SND, 20(7):167-191. Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", seven bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".

DESIGNATION:
Within the area of the Emerald site Katlanovo-Taor, two sites are proclaimed on a national level according to the old national categorization. The process of re-evaluation and re-proclamation of these sites according to the IUCN categorization is ongoing. 1. Decision for proclamation of Katlanovsko Blato (Katlanovo Marsh) as protected area in the category IV Area Outside Nature Reserves containing Certain Plant and Animal Species from 8 July 1980.2. Decision of the Parliament of the City of Skopje for proclamation of Katlanovski predel (Katlanovo landscape) as protected area in the category III Site of Special Natural Characteristics from 13 May 1991.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Crivelli, J. (1996). The Freshwater fish endemic to the Northern Mediterranean Region. Tour du Valat Publication. pp. 1-171.Dimovski, A. (1971): Zoocenolo?ki istra?uvanja na stepskite predeli vo Makedonija. (Zoocenological survey of the steppe habitats in Macedonia) - Godi?en zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 23: 25-43.Dzukic, G. (1987): Taxonomic and biogeographic characteristics of the Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758) in Yugoslavia and on the Balkan Peninsula. - Scopolia (Ljubljana), 12: 1-47.Dzukic, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Dzukic, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kry?tufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornd, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.  Kry?tufek, B. Vohral?k, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kry?tufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petrov, B. 1979. Some questions of of the zoogeographical division of the western Palaearctic in the light of the distribution of mammals in Yugoslavia. Folia Zool., 28: 13-24.Scheider, P. & Jaksic, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.Velevski, M. 2005. Unpublished data


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Bornmüller, J., 1925. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, I. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 59:294-504, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1926. Beiträge zur Flora Mazedoniens, II. Engl.Bot.Jahrb., 60:1-125, Leipzig.Bornmüller, J., 1928. Beitrag zur Flora Mazedoniens III. Engler's Bot.Jahrbücher, 61:1-195 Em, H., 1978. O nekim osobenostima borovih šuma Makedonije. I. Reliktne crnoborove zajednice.-Mitt.Ostalp.-din.Ges.f.Veget.-Innsbruck.Em, H., 1981. O nekim osobenostima borovih šuma Makedonije. II.Prilozi, MANU, Odd.za biol. i medic. nauki, 2(1-2):5-16, Skopje.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Erben, M., 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an Südosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt.Bot.München, 21:339-740.Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Herzog, Th.,1922. Botanische Studien eines Frontsoldaten in Macedonien.ABZ, 24-25:8-23.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Matevski, V., 1991. Prilog kon taksonomijata i horologijata na nekoi vidovi od rodot Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Sect. Marginati (A. Kerner) A. Kerner Subsect. Marginati vo florata na Makedonija. MANU, Prilozi, 9(1-2):52-63, SkopjeMatevski, V, Sekovski, Ž., Kostadinovski, M., 1994. Novi podatoci za horologijata na  Silene paeoniensis Bornm. vo florata na Republika Makedonija. Ekol.Zašt.Život.Sred. 2(1):17-19, Skopje.Matevski, V, Sekovski, Ž., Kostadinovski, M., 1994. Prilog za horologijata na Sideritis lanata (L.) Boiss. i Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. vo florata na Republika Makedonija. God.zb.Biol., 48:43-48, SkopjeMatevski, V., Sekovski, Ž., Kostadinovski, M., 1993. Retki i slabo poznati rastenija vo florata na Republika Makedonija. God.zb.Biol., 46:115-118, Skopje.Matevski, V., Sekovski, Ž ., Kostadinovski, M., 1994. Prilog za florata na Republika Makedonija, God.zb.Biol., 47:81-89, Skopje.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K.,1992. Astragalus mariovoensis Micevski spec. nov. aus der Gruppe Astragalus sericophyllus Griseb. in der Flora der R. Macedonien. Prilozi, Odd. biol.med.nauki, MANU, 12(1-2:33-38.Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Micevski, K. & V. Matevski, 1987. Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugrozenosti. ANUBiH. Posebna izdanja.Odd. prir. nauka. 14:199-207.SarajevoSekovski, Ž., Šopova, M., Matevski, V., Dimeska G., 1999. Determiniranje na genotipot na vidovite vo populaciite na livadite i brdskite pasišta vo Mariovo. God.zb., Biol. 52: 109-118, Skopje.Stojanoff, N., 1928). Thracische und macedonische Herbarmaterijalen des Verstorbenen prof. Dr. Theodor Nikoloff. Spis.BAN, 37(18):49-209. Velenovsky, J., 1922. Reliquiae Mrkvickanae, 1-32, PragaWalter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Em, H., 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonija. Spontani i subspontani vidovi. Soj.Inz.teh.Sum.ind. SRM, 125. Hayek, A., 1924-1933. Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae, I-III. Feddes Repert., Beih., Dahlem bei Berlin.Horvat, I., Glava?, V., Ellenberg, H., 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas.VEB Jena. Micevski, K.,1964. Drosera rotundifolia in der Flora Mazedoniens. Bulletin Scientifique, 9(1/2):10, Zagreb Micevski, K.,1978. Tipološki istražuvanja na vegetacijata na livadite i pasištata vo Maleš i Pijanec. MANU, posebni izd., 9-41.Micevski, K., 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1):1-152Micevski, K., 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2):153-391Micevski, K., 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3):503-548 Micevski, K., 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K., 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Micevski, K., 2005. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(6): 1437-1715.Walter and Gillet, 1998: IUCN global red list from 1997.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Džuki?, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Džuki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Džuki?, G. & Kalezi?, M. (2004): The biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in the Balkan Peninsula. - in: Griffiths, Kryštufek & Reed ed. "Balkan Biodiversity", 167-192 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.Kryštufek, B. Vohralík, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Horá?ek, I.; Vohralík, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Kryštufek, B. 2004. A quantitative assessment of Balkan mammal diversity. In: H.I. Griffithes, B.  Kryštufek, J.M. Reed (eds.) Balkan biodiversity. Pattern and process in the European hotspot. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79-108. Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Matvejev, S. (1961). Biogeografija Jugoslavije, Monographies Vol. 9. Biol. Inst. Beograd, pp 232.Petkovski, S. (1986). The fairy shrimp Chirocephalus pelagonicus n.sp. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from Macedonia. Fragm. Balc. Mus. Maced. Sci. Nat. Skopje 13 (3):15-26Petkovski, S. (1995). On the presence of the genus Tanymastix Simon, 1886 (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Macedonia. Hydrobiologia 298: 307-313. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Petkovski, T. K. 1976. Zwei neue und eine seltene Ostracoden - Art der Gattung Cypria Zenker aus Jugoslawien. - Acta Mus. Maced. Sci. Nat. Skopje 14 (7), 173-192Petkovski, T. 1983. Faune de Macedoine: Calanoida (Crustacea-Copepoda). Faune de Macedoine. Mus. Maced. Sci. Nat., Skopje, V: 1-182.Petkovski, T., Scharf, B. & Keyser, D. 2000. New and Little Known Ostracods of the Genus Heterocypris (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Balkan Peninsula. Limnologica by Urban & Fischer Verlag, 30 (2000): 45-57.Scheider, P. & Jakši?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.


DOCUMENTATION:
BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife International Conservation Series No. 12.Brelih, S. & Dzukic, G. (1974): Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae. IV/2 Reptilia. - Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 33 str.Dimovski, A. (1971): Zoocenolo?ki istra?uvanja na stepskite predeli vo Makedonija. - Godi?en zbornik (Skopje), Biologija 23: 25-43.D?uki?, G., Kalezi?, M.L., Petkovski, S. & Sidorovska, V. (1998): Batrachofauna and herpetofauna of Balkan Peninsula: General remarks. - BIOECO, Second International Congress on the Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of the Balkan fauna, September 16-20. 1998, Ohrid, Plenary lectures 39-41.Kry?tufek, B. Vohral?k, V. Flousek, J. & Petkovski, S. (1992). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Macedonia, Yugoslavia. In: Hor??ek, I.; Vohral?k, V. (eds.) Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Charles Univ. Press, Praha, pp. 93-111.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2002). Annotated Checklist of the Mammals of the Republic of Macedonia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, Band 51(4): 229-254. Bonn.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski (2006). Mammals of Macedonia - Current State of Knowledge. Anniv. Proceed., Eighty years of achievement by the Maced. Mus. of Nat. Hyst., 95-104.Petkovski, S. (2003). Faunal diversity. In: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report). Ministry of Environment and Phisical Planning. Skopje.p.217.Scheider, P. & Jak?i?, P. (1989): Die Tagfalter von jugoslawisch Mazedonien. - Verl. Paul Scheider, Ljubljana.

QUALITY:
In addition to the species included in tables "Birds listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)" and "Regularly occurring Migratory Birds not Listed on Resolution No 6 (1998)", two bird species breeding in the site are considered to be concentrated in Europe and with an Unfavourable conservation status in Europe (SPEC Cat 2, BirdLife International 2004) are included in the table "Other Important Species of Flora and Fauna".


DOCUMENTATION:
Thingstad, P. G., Günter, M., Aspholm, P. E., Vie, G.E.& Wikan, S. 2000. Vannfuglregistreringer i Pasvik naturreservat og omkringliggende våtmarksområder i 1998 og 1999. Resultater fra 1998 og 1999 og oppsummering fra perioden 1996 - 1999. NTNU, Vitensk.mus. Zoolog. Notat 2000-x: 1-127;  Systad, G.H., Strann, K.B. & Frisvoll, V. 2004. Biologisk mangfold Sør-Varanger kommune - NINA Oppdragsmelding 829;

QUALITY:
Furuskogen her er en nordvestlig utløper av den sibirske taiga, og utgjør et naturgeografisk grenseområde mellom øst og vest. Nasjonalparken omfatter ca. 119 km2, og ligger inn mot grensa til Finland og Russland, lengst sør i Sør-Varanger. Landskapet er flatt. Lave, skogkledde åser veksler med innsjøer, myrer og blokkmark. En betydelig del av arealet er vannareal. Våtmarkene har et svært rikt fugleliv og interessant natur- og kulturhistorie. Naturreservatet omfatter den mest urørte, gjenværende delen av Pasvikelvas opprinnelige vassdragsnatur. Med opprettelsen av Øvre Pasvik landskapsvernområde har man endelig fått vernet det ornitologisk viktige våtmarkskomplekset vest for Hestefossdammen.

DESIGNATION:
Transboundary protected areas with Russian Federation and Finland. Consists of 3 protected areas in Norway: Øvre Pasvik National Park (protected by law in 1970 and expanded in 2004), Øvre Pasvik Landscape protection area (protected by law in 2003) and Pasvik Nature reserve (protected by law in 1993). Pasvik Nature reserve has also status as a Ramsar site.

OTHERCHARACT:
Virgin pine forests with large amounts of mires and bogs, lakes and rivers. Western end of the Siberian taiga.


QUALITY:
Stabbursnes naturreservat ble opprettet i 1983. Formålet med fredningen er å bevare et våtmarksområde som har internasjonal verdi som raste- og trekkområde for en rekke arter av ender, gjess og vadefugl og å bevare store, velutvikla strandenger med arktiske arter og plantesamfunn. Selve Stabbursneset er et stort delta av sand og grus som Stabburselva har skylt ut i Porsangerfjorden ved slutten av og etter istida. Både nord og sør for neset finner vi store, flate strand- og fjærearealer. Sjøen utenfor er svært grunn, og naturrservatet omfatter en del av landets største sammenhengende gruntvannsområder (Vesterbotn). Det mest særprega ved vegetasjonen i området er de store flatene med strandeng (leirstrandvegetasjon med plantearter som tåler salt), med forekomst av mange arktiske plantearter og plantesamfunn. De største strandengene finner vi utenfor Valdatjæggi på sørsida av selve Stabbursneset, og på strandflatene nord for Stabburselvas utløp. Indre Porsangerfjord, med sitt system av store strand-, fjære- og gruntvannsområder, elveutløp, holmer, sund og tidevannsstrømmer, er et av de viktigste våtmarksområder for fugl i Norge. Stabbursnes naturreservat omfatter den viktigste delen av dette systemet.

DESIGNATION:
Stabbursnes Nature reserve protected by law in 1983.  Wetland reserve with status as a Ramsar site.

OTHERCHARACT:
Well-developed salt meadows which serves as a wetland system of international value as staging area for many wetland species. The salt meadows holds important arctic species and vegetation types.


QUALITY:
Palsmyr nær østenden av Altevatn mellom Gamasjåkka og Leinavatn. Palsmyr av nedbørsbetingete og jordvannsbetingete myrkompleks. Opptil 3 m høye palser i den N-lige halvdel av myra. Her finnes også de mest interessante elementene; rikmyrer med kant- og myrviddevegetasjon. Tuejord i SV. S-ligste registrering av brannull. Eneste registrering av finnmarkstarr i Troms. Østlige arter som finnmarkspors opptrer. Rikt fugleliv. Viktig beiteland for rein. Moltebærland. Myra er verneverdig i internasjonal sammenheng. (Telmamyr).

DESIGNATION:
Astujeaggi Nature reserve protected by law in 1983.

OTHERCHARACT:
Palsa mire complex of international importance. Monitoring site for climate change.


QUALITY:
Sammen med tilliggende fjellområder i Norge og Sverige er Junkerdal nasjonalpark et av Nordens største gjenværende villmarksområder. Landskapet gir livsgrunnlag til en svært artsrik flora med mange sjeldne planter. Hele området har vært svært viktig for å forstå innvandringen og utbredelsen av planter og dyr etter siste istid.Junkerdalsura er ei stor skogsli fra dalbunn til snaufjell med alt naturlig plante- og dyreliv og med alle de naturlige økologiske prosessene. Av spesielle kvaliteter kan nevnes at området domineres av rike barskogs- og lauvskogsutforminger og rike vegetasjonstyper, det har stor botanisk artsrikdom med floristisk og plantegeografisk interessante arter, det har varmekjære innslag, sjeldne, krevende, og sårbare/truede arter, og området har en av Nordens største kalkbjørkeskoger, samt at det utgjør en viktig del av en av Norges mest kjente plantelokaliteter.

DESIGNATION:
Junkerdal National Park protected by law in 2004 and Junkerdalsura Nature Reserve in 2000.

OTHERCHARACT:
Large and pristine mountain area with rich biodiversity, in particurlar the unique alpine flora. Junkerdalsura with rich forest types (calcareous birch forest) with rare and threatened plant species.


QUALITY:
Børgefjell nasjonalpark strekker seg fra 270 til 1699 meter over havet. Vann, elver, myrer, ur, heier, fjell og tinder er noe av det Børgefjell byr på. De mange små og store vatna gir Børgefjell sitt særtrekk. De største vatna er Simskardvatnet og Orvatnet. Området er et av de største gjenværende villmarkspregede områdene i landet og er et av de få stedene i landet hvor det fremdeles finnes fjellrev. Av de store rovdyrene våre er jerv og gaupe registrert som ynglende i Børgefjell, mens bjørn besøker området jevnlig som streifdyr. Børgefjellområdet har særlig stor verdi for våtmarksfugler (ender,vadere og andre) og for rovfugl og ugler. Samene har holdt til i Børgefjell iuminnelige tider som jegere, fiskereog reingjetere. Området inneholderderfor en rekke samiske kulturminner.

DESIGNATION:
Børgefjell National Park protected by law in 1963, revised and expanded in 2003. Austre Tiplingan Landscape protection area established in 2003.

OTHERCHARACT:
Børgefjell represents a unique wilderness area on the border between Nord-Trøndelag and Nordland counties. Mostly characterized by high alpine landscape, rich on lakes and watercourses, and of considerable zoological interest.


DOCUMENTATION:
Røv, N. 2006. Mapping and monitoring of seabirds and mammals in Froan. Final Report (in Norwegian with english abstract). NINA Rapport 202.

QUALITY:
The largest nature reserve in Norway, and among the largest coastal conservation areas in Europe. Typified with hundreds of islands, skerries and islets, with shallow marine waters in the extreme outermost coastal zone. In the landscape protection area there are larger islands with small farms as well. Extensive tidal zones with seaweed, kelp beds and to lesser degree sandy shores is also an important feature. The outermost parts of the area has naked skerries and rocky outcrops devoid of vegetation due to the rough seas, while the larger, more protected islands, has bogs and meadows. The site is one of Norway’s most important wintering, moulting and breeding areas for seabirds, and for breeding coastal seals.

DESIGNATION:
Froan protected areas have been protected by law since 1979.

OTHERCHARACT:
Typified with hundreds of islands, skerries and islets, with shallow marine waters in the extreme outermost coastal zone.


QUALITY:
Geitaknottene is by far the most omportant site for Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) in Norway, probably the richest site in the World. The site also consists of Yddal Nature reserve which is one of the largest remaining coniferous forest areas in South-west Noreway without technical impacts. Many different forest types with high biodiversity and endangered species.

DESIGNATION:
Geitaknottene has been protected by law since 1997 and Yddal since 1999.

OTHERCHARACT:
Coniferous forests in a rocky landscape with hills and slopes. Large number of ponds and small lakes. From lowland forest to alpine areas.


QUALITY:
Largest Sand dune system in Scandinavia. Many redlisted species, in partucurlar plant species. International importance for staging and wintering waders and waterbirds. Kjørholmane important breeding site for seabirds and important for seals, in particurlar Grey seal. The Shag colony is the second largest in Norway. Several breeding species of gulls and auks.

DESIGNATION:
Many different protected sites with different level of protection. The total area consists of six different protected areas: Jærstrendene Landscape protection area; Jærstrendene Natural monument; Jærstrendene Plant protection area; Jærstrendene Wildlife protection area; Reime Plant protection area and Kjørholmane Nature reserve.

OTHERCHARACT:
Coastline with systems og sand dunes, pebbled beaches and heathland. Large part shallow waters including some seabird colonies.


QUALITY:
Nordre Øyeren is northern Europe's largest inland delta, formed by the three rivers Glomma, Nitelva and Leira. The two smaller rivers meets with Norway's largest river Glomma and flows into the lake Øyeren. The site is well-known for it's large amount of birds, especially during migration and winter. The site has Norway's largest numbers of wintering whooper swan. Nordre Øyeren is also a highly diverse freshwater ecosystem and is the area with highest diversity of fish species in Norway.

DESIGNATION:
Designated as two separate Nature reserves: Nordre Øyeren since 1975 and Sørumsneset in 1992. The site is also a Ramsar site.

OTHERCHARACT:
Inland water delta in the Glomma River system. The river flows into a lake, Øyeren, and have built up many square hectares of depostits of sand and gravel.


QUALITY:
Fokstumyra is Norways oldest larger protected ares, and was protectes as early as 1923 because of its rich birdlife. The site is wide and open marshland on Dovrefjell which is a border mountain between Southern and Middle Norway. The most important function of the site is breeding site for alpine wetland birds, but also serves as an important staging area. The expantion with Fokstugu Landscape protection area includes more alpine grassland and more botanical values to the site.

DESIGNATION:
Designated as two separate sites of protected areas: Fokstumyra Nature reserve since 1923, and expanded in 2002, and Fokstugu Landscape protection area in 2002. The Nature reserve is also a Ramsar site.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site consists og large open marshland with many lakes, ponds and streams. The area stretches up to alpine vegetation in the higher altitudes and with birch woodland in the lower.


QUALITY:
Stråholmen is a wetland area with numerous waterfowl species, and is especially important as resting and grazing area during migration. It is is also an important breeding area for rare and demanding bird species. Brackish ponds are habitats hosting an interesting insect fauna. Part of the shoreline is of international importance, and numerous rare plant species are found here.

DESIGNATION:
Stråholmen naturreservat (nature reserve) and Stråholmen landskapsvernområde (protected landscape) were both designated in 1990. The entire protected landscape has additional zoological protection of species.


QUALITY:
High numbers of different natural habitats are found in the area, notably on the main island of Bliksvær. The high species and habitat diversity result in unusual complex variations. The area is especially important to seabirds; as breeding, moulting and wintering area. Numerous interesting plant species are found here. The cultural landscape in the area is defined as nationally important.

DESIGNATION:
The area was protected in 1970; and part of this area was protected anew as a nature reserve in 2002.


QUALITY:
The area is important to seabirds; as breeding, moulting and wintering area. It is also an important resting area for migrating species. Some rare species of birds of prey breed in the area. Parts of the area are important cultural heritage sites, and the cultural landscape dominates in these areas.


QUALITY:
The area comprises the Island of Tautra and surrounding marine shallow waters. The island is characterized by a mosaic of intensively used agricultural lands and older, discontinued pastures. The marine shallows are very important to birds and especially important for waders during migration. Ruins of a Cisterciensian monastery constitute an important cultural heritage site within the area.

DESIGNATION:
Parts of the area was protected in 1984 and revised 1993. Total revision and additional protection in 2003.


QUALITY:
A uniqe estuari both in varaiation and size. Large tidal zones in a rolling coastal landscape. Important botany and zoologi, landscapes and quaternary geology. International importance for bredding, staging and wintering waders and waterbirds.

DESIGNATION:
Parts of the area was protected in 1988 and another area beside protecede in 1996.


SITENAME:
Rondane med Grimsdalen, Frydalen og Dørålen


SITENAME:
Saltfjellet-Svartisen med tilliggende landskapsvernområder og naturreservat


SITENAME:
Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella, Knutshø og tilliggende landskapsvernområder


DOCUMENTATION:
Protection Decree of Special Nature Reserve Gornje Podunavlje (Decree of the Government of the Republic of Serbia - 05 number 353-5996/2001 from 10.07.2001. Bulletin of RS nr.45 from 20.07.2001); Special Nature Reserve "Gornje Podunavlje"- Proposal for protection - Institute for Protection of Nature of Serbia, Belgrade, 2001

QUALITY:
The site contains 19 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats, 42 the Bern convention species, 124 EMERALD other important species, and 35 national for conservation important species. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam forests, Pannonic willow galleries, south east European ash oak alder forests, steppe swamp alder woods, continental glasswort swards and suboceanic inland salt meadows in Serbia

DESIGNATION:
Part of the site was declared as Special Nature Reserve Gornje Podunavlje by Protection Decree - Bulletin of RS nr.45/2001. Protected areas belong to category IV of  IUCN protection Classification (Habitat and species managment area)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Gornje Podunavlje is located in the North - western part of Backa, on the territory of the Municipalities of Apatin, Sombor and Odzaci. It is the largest marsh complex in the Danube upper basin in Serbia, covering a part of the lowland plain and the Danube stretch (from 1367 to 1433 km), with especially prominent features of the relief, hydrographic phenomena, well - preserved native plant communities of marshes and the diverse and rich flora and fauna. The Reserve is a significant transboundary area connected to the protected areas in Croatia and Hungary with which it forms the largest flooded area in the Middle Danube Basin.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of  70-130 m. Approximate area is 20.000 ha. Different types aluvial and peatmoss substratum dominate in the area. Loes are also well presented in the site.The site contains 20 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam forests, Pannonic willow galleries, south-east European ash-oak-alder forests, steppe swamp alder woods. Also, Ponto-Pannonic mesophile hay meadows, continental glasswort swards and suboceanic inland salt meadows are well presented in the site. It contains a mosaic of different plant communities and habitat types from submerged water communities, water rafts and rooted floating vegetation, Pannonic riverbank dwarf and tall sedge communities, transition mires, riparian willow formations, continental meadows, Pannonic and sub?Pannonic thickets. This mosaic of habitats is host to variety of endangered and declining species.For the largest number of habitat types there is little modern data available. Detail field investigations is needed.Among 43 the “Bern convention species”, and 135 “EMERALD other important species”, according to different criteria (World IUCN red list, European red list, Directive for Habitats, Bonn Convention, CITES Convention, Status in national red books and lists, Protection under national lows, Endemism) next 35 species and subspecies of vascular plants and animals, belongs to the group of conservation important species: Plants: Crataegus nigra, Trapa spp., Puccinelia limosa.Invertebrates: Carcharodus alceae , Pieris brassicae, Pieris rapae, Pontia edusa, Colias croceus, Colias  hyale, Gonepteryx rhamni, Lycaena phlaeas, Lycaena thersamon, Neozephyrus quercus, Satyrium w-album, Satyrium ilicis, Satyrium acaciae, Cupido argiades, Cupido alcetas, Plebeius argus, Plebeius argyrognomon, Argynnis aglaja, Clossiana dia, Inachis io, Aglais urticae, Araschnia levana, Euphydryas maturna, Limenitis reducta, Lasiommata megera, Coenonympha pamphilus.Fishes: Neogobius fluviatilis, Neogobius kessleri, Rhodeus sericeus amarus, Rutilus pigus, Zingel streber, Ctenopharyngodon idella


DOCUMENTATION:
Law on National Parks ("Official Herald of the Socialistic Republic of Serbia" No 39/1993); New study on expert basis for making a Law on National park is beeing developed. Spatial plan of  National park Kopaonik ("Official Herald of the Socialistic Republic of Serbia" No 95/2009).

QUALITY:
The site contains 19 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats, 32 the Bern convention species, 275 EMERALD other important species, and 128 national for conservation important species. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of moesian Fagus forests, mixed Abies-Picea-Fagus woodland and balkan range Picea abies forests, mountain dwarf Juniperus scrub and Vaccinium heaths in Serbia

DESIGNATION:
Part of site is declared a National Park (belongs to category II of IUCN protection Classification) by the Law of National Parks (by a decree of the Assembly of the SR Serbia on 26th of May 1993 published in  "Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 39/1993 from 31.05.1993.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Mountain Kopaonik is located in the central part of Southern Serbia, with the protected area covering its highest and best preserved parts on the territory of the Municipalities of Brus and Raska. The National Park "Kopaonik" is rich in geomorphological, geological and hydrological features, with a high degree of biological diversity and a great number of Balkan alpine endemics. It is the major and the most beautiful winter tourist centre in Serbia. On the highest peak of Nebeske Stolice there is a Mausoleum with the remains of Josif Pancic, the greatest Serbian botanist.The site is located in the region of South-West Serbia. Site belongs to continetal and alpine biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 615-2017 m. Approximate area is 31.000 ha. Different types of silicious rocks dominate in the area. Limestone and serpentine bedrock are well presented in the site.The site contains 17 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of moesian Fagus forests, mixed Abies-Picea-Fagus woodland and balkan range Picea abies forests in Serbia. Also, mountain dwarf Juniperus scrub and Vaccinium heaths, oro-moesian acidophilous grassland and balkanic montane Nardus stricta swards are well presented in the site. It contains a mosaic of different plant communities and habitat types from fens, mires and  rafts, calcareous grassland, dry acid and neutral closed grassland, different wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows, different decideous and coniferous montane and subalpine scrub habitats to communities on siliceous cliffs. Mosaic of different habitat types from water-fringe medium-tall grass beds, arid subcontinental steppic grassland, dry acid and neutral closed grassland, low and medium altitude hay meadows, middle european Salix alba forests to balkano-anatolian thermophilous  forests are presented in the site. This mosaic of habitats is host to variety of endangered and declining species.For the largest number of habitat types there is little modern data available. Detail field investigations is needed.Among 28 the “Bern convention species”, and 277 “EMERALD other important species”, according to different criteria (World IUCN red list, European red list, Directive for Habitats, Bonn Convention, CITES Convention, Status in national red books and lists, Protection under national lows, Endemism) next 128 species and subspecies of vascular plants and animals, belongs to the group of conservation important species: Flora: Cardamine pancicii, Semperivium kopaonikense, Viola kopaonikensisInvertebrates: Carabus cavernosus, Carabus convexus gracilior, Carabus coriaceus hopffgarteni, Carabus montivagus blandus, Carabus scabriusculus bulgarus, Carabus curtulus koschanini, Carabus ulrichii pernix, Acanthocinus aedilis, Acanthocinus griseus, Acanthocinus reticulatus, Aegomorphus clavipes, Agapanthia kirbyi, Agapanthia villosoviridescens, Alosterna tabacicolor, Anastrangalia dubia, Anastrangalia sanguinolenta, Anoplodera sexgutata, Aredolpona rubra, Brachyleptura erythroptera, Brachyleptura fulva, Callimellum angulatum, Calosoma inqusitor, Carabus hortensis hortensis, Carabus intricatus intricatus, Carilia virginea, Cerambyx scopolii, Chlorophorus figuratus, Chlorophorus varius, Cicindela campestris campestris, Cicindela germanica, Cicindela sylvicola, Clytus arietis, Dorcadion pedestre, Dorcadion scopolii, Dorcatypus tristis, Hylotrupes bajulus, Isotomus speciosus, Leiopus nebulosus, Leptura quadrifasciata, Lepturobosca virens, Megopis scabricornis, Mesosa curculionides, Molorchus minor, Monochamus galloprovincialis, Monochamus saltuarius, Monochamus sartor, Oberea linearis, Oberea oculata, Pachyta quadrimaculata, Pachytodes cerambyciformis, Pachytodes erraticus, Paracorymbia cordigera, Paracorymbia pallens, Paracorymbia scutellata, Phytoecia pustulata, Pogonocherus fasciculatus, Procerus gigas, Pseudovadonia livida, Rhagium  bifasciatum, Rhagium inquisitor, Rhagium mordax, Rhamnusium bicolor, Rupela maculata, Saperda populnea, Saperda similis, Stenopterus rufus, Stenurella bifasciata, Stenurella melanura, Stenurella septempunctata, Tetropium castaneum, Tetropium fuscum, Tetrops praeusta, Toxotus cursor, Tragosoma depsarium, Xylosteus spinolae, Xylotrechus arvicola, Xylotrechus rusticus, Chlorophorus hungaricus, Coenonympha gardetta, Erebia ottomana, Lasiommata petropolitana, Leptidea duponcheli, Lycaena phlaeas, Pieris mannii, Polyommatus escheri, Argynnis pandora, Colias caucasica, Cupido minimus, Hipparchia delattini  , Melanargia larissa, Melitaea aurelia, Pieris brassicae, Pseudophilotes baton, Satyrium acaciae, Satyrium w-album, Satyrus ferula, Aglais urticae, Arethusana arethusa, Argynnis aglaja, Carcharodus alceae , Coenonympha leander, Coenonympha pamphilus, Coenonympha rhodopensis, Cupido osiris, Gonepteryx rhamni, Hesperia comma, Hipparchia syriaca, Inachis io, Lasiommata megera, Leptotes pirithous, Limenitis reducta , Lycaena alciphron, Lycaena candens, Lycaena thersamon, Meleageria bellargus, Meleageria coridon, Neptis rivularis, Pieris balcana , Pieris rapae, Plebeius argus, Plebeius idas, Pontia edusa , Pyrgus carthami, Satyrium ilicis, Spialia orbifer.


DOCUMENTATION:
Protection Decree of Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara, Bulletin of RS nr.56/94; Proposal for protection: Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara. - Institute for Protection of Nature of Serbia, Belgrade 1993

QUALITY:
The site contains 17 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats, 41 the Bern convention species, 84 EMERALD other important species, and 27 national for conservation important species. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of submerged water communities, water rafts and rooted floating vegetation, Pannonic riverbank dwarf and tall sedge communities, transition mires, riparian willow formations, Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam forests, Pannonic willow galleries, south east European ash oak alder forests, steppe swamp alder woods in Serbia

DESIGNATION:
Part of the site was declared a Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara (belongs to category IV of IUCN protection Classification - Habitat and species managment area) by a Decree of the Government of the Republic of Serbia -05 number 110-3571/30-02  31.08.1994.Bulletin of  RS nr.56 from 09.09.1994.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Obedska Bara is located in the alluvial plain of the river Sava, with the protected area in the Municipalities of Ruma and Pecinci. It is the largest flooded area in Serbia, an authentic mosaic of forest, pond, marsh and meadow habitats, very rich in plant and animal life. The basic value of this area are wetland birds, thanks to which Obedska Bara was first protected as far back as 1874, which makes it one of the oldest protected areas in the world.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 50-80 m. Approximate area is 10.000 ha. Different types aluvial and peatmoss substratum dominate in the area. Loes are also well presented in the site.The site contains 17 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of submerged water communities, water rafts and rooted floating vegetation, Pannonic riverbank dwarf and tall sedge communities, transition mires, riparian willow formations, Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam forests, Pannonic willow galleries, south-east European ash-oak-alder forests, steppe swamp alder woods. Also, Pannonic eutrophic humid grasslands, continental meadows and oak-hornbeam forests are well presented in the site. This mosaic of habitats is host to variety of endangered and declining species..For the largest number of habitat types there is little modern data available. Detail field investigations is needed.Among 39 the “Bern convention species”, and 84 “EMERALD other important species”, according to different criteria (World IUCN red list, European red list, Directive for Habitats, Bonn Convention, CITES Convention, Status in national red books and lists, Protection under national lows, Endemism) next 27 species and subspecies of vascular plants and animals, belongs to the group of conservation important species: Plants: Urtica kiovensisInvertebrates: Coccinella septempunctata, Adalia bipunctata, Carabus cancellatus maximus, Carabus montivagus montivagus, Carabus ullrichi nastasi, Poecilus rebeli, Pterostichus serbicus, Platynus scrobiculatus serbicus, Osmoderma eremita, Carabus cancellatus intermedius, Carabus scabriusculus bulgarus, Cheilosia griseifacies, Lycaena phlaeas, Pieris rapae, Pontia edusa, Colias croceus, Colias  hyale, Gonepteryx rhamni, Plebeius argus, Brenthis daphne, Clossiana dia, Inachis io, Aglais urticae, Araschnia levana, Lasiommata megera, Coenonympha pamphilus.


DOCUMENTATION:
Scientific and expert basis for protection of mountain massif  Prokletije on territory of Republic of Serbia as National Park.- Institute for Protection of Nature of Serbia, Belgrade 1999; Ecological basis for declaration of National Park Prokletije -  Institute for Protection of Nature of Serbia, Belgrade 1996.

QUALITY:
The site contains 28 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats, 45 the Bern convention species, 27 EMERALD other important species, and 149 national for conservation important species. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of high oro mediterranean pine (Pinus heldreichii and Pinus puece) forests, Forsythia europaea thickets, Bruckenthalia heaths, Fagus forests, mixed Abies-Picea-Fagus woodland and Balkan Picea abies forests in Serbia

DESIGNATION:
Site is in a procedure of declaration of National Park (belongs to category II of IUCN protection Classification)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Prokletije, as the largest mountainous massif of the Dinarides, occupies the Southwestern boundary of Serbia, the area of Metohija. Its impressive natural values are the diverse forms of relief with attractive glacial cirques and lakes, gorges, canyons and caves and the branched river network. Together with Sar Planina, it is one of the six European centres of biodiversity. The area is rich in cultural-historical herirage, the most significant of which are the medieval monasteries Pecka Patrijarsija and Visoki Decani from the 13th and 14th centuries, which are under UNESCO protection.The site is located in the region of Metohija in South-West Serbia. Site belongs to continetal and alpine biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 300-2656 m. Approximate area is 155.000 ha. Different types of silicious rocks dominate in the area. Limestone and serpentine bedrock are well presented in the site.The site contains 27 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of high oro-mediterranean pine (Pinus heldreichii and Pinus puece) forests, Forsythia europaea thickets, Bruckenthalia heaths, Fagus forests, mixed Abies-Picea-Fagus woodland and Balkan Picea abies forests in Serbia. Also, mountain dwarf Juniperus scrub and Vaccinium heaths, oro-moesian acidophilous and calcareous grassland and mediterraneo-montane Nardus stricta swards are well presented in the site. It contains a mosaic of different plant communities and habitat types from fens, mires and  rafts, calcareous grassland, dry acid and neutral closed grassland, different wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows, different decideous and coniferous montane and subalpine scrub habitats to communities on siliceous and limestone cliffs. Mosaic of different habitats from water-fringe medium-tall grass beds, arid subcontinental steppic grassland, dry acid and neutral closed grassland, low and medium altitude hay meadows, middle european Salix alba forests to thermophilous  decidous forests are presented in the site. This mosaic of habitats is host to variety of endangered and declining species.For the largest number of habitat types there is little modern data available. Detail field investigations is needed.Among 28 the “Bern convention species”, and 231 “EMERALD other important species”, according to different criteria (World IUCN red list, European red list, Directive for Habitats, Bonn Convention, CITES Convention, Status in national red books and lists, Protection under national lows, Endemism) next 149 species and subspecies of vascular plants and animals, belongs to the group of conservation important species: Plants: Alkanna scardica Griseb., Alyssum markgrafii Schulz., Aquilegia blecicii Podobnik, Astragalus fiale Deg., Carduus ramosissimus Panc., Centaurea alba L. subsp. ipecensis (Rech.fil.)Dostal , Centaurea kosaninii Hay., Cephalaria pastricensis Deg. & Doerfl., Crepis bertiscea Jav., Crepis macedonica Kitanov., Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries)Soo subsp. bosniaca, Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries)Soo subsp. cordigera, Dactylorhiza maculata (L.)Soo subsp. Transsilvanica, Dactylorhiza mayalis (Reich.) P.F. Hunt.  subsp. mayalis*, Dactylorhiza sacciferra (Brongn.)Soo, Draba bertiscea Lak. & Stev. , Draba korabensis Kumm. & Deg., Euphorbia montenegrina Bald. & K.Maly, Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Panc., Euphorboa pancicii G. Beck., Gentiana lutea L. subsp. symphyandra (Murb.) Hayek, Gentiana nopcsae Jav., Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.)Dorf., Herminium monorchys (L.)R.Br., Knautia pancicii Szabo, Knautia sarajevensis (G. Beck.)Szabo, Lathyrus binnatus Pancic, Ligusticum albanicum Jav., Melampyrum doerfleri Ronn., Melampyrum trichocalycinum Vand., Pedicularis ernesti-mayeri Stevanovic, Niketic & Lakusic, Phyteuma pseudorbiculare Pant., Plantago reniformis Beck., Polygala doerfleri Hay., Potentilla montenegrina Pant., Potentilla visianii Pan?., Reichardia macrophylla Vis. & Panc., Sanquisorba albanica Andrazovskyi & Jav., Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. et Pan?., Sempervivum kosaninii Praeg., Sempervivum macedonicum Praeg., Silene schmuckeri Wettst., Tanacetum larvatum (Gris.)Kanitz., Thlaspi bellidifolium Gris. , Thymus doerfleri Ronn., Traunsteniera globosa (L.)Rchb., Trifolium wettsteinii Dorf. Et Hay., Valeriana bertiscea Panc., Verbascum nicolai Rohl., Verbascum scardicolum Bornm., Viola elegantula Schott., Wulfenia blecicii Lak., Amphoricarpus autariatus Ble?. & May. subsp. bertisceus Ble?. & Maj., Dianthus silvestris Wulf. subsp. bertisceus Rech., Edraianthus jugoslavicus Lak., Hieracium adamovicii (Sagorsky & Zahn. ex Zahn)    subsp. chromoneuron (Zahn.)Nik., Hieracium agastum Rech. fil. & Zahn. ex Rech. fil., Hieracium cinarescens Jordan. subsp.    basilicistum (Rech. fil. & Zahn. ex Rech.)Nik., Hieracium erithocarpum Peter  subsp. kurvale Rech. fil. & Zahn. ex Rech. fil., Hieracium gentile Jord. subsp. valdecordatum (Zahn.)Nik., Hieracium giganthophyllum (Zahn.)Nik., Hieracium grossianum Zahn. ex Rech. fil.    subsp. schefferianum Zahn., Hieracium ipekanum Rech. fil. & Zahn. ex Rech. fil., Hieracium schefferi Rech. fil. & Zahn. ex Rech. fil., Hieracium trebevicianum K.Maly    subsp. zljebense (Zahn.)Nik., Pancicia serbica Vis., Pedicularis heterodonta Pan?., Scrophularia bosniaca G. Beck., Silene macrantha  (Pan?.)Neum., Silene oliverae Stevanovic & Niketic, Viola speciosa Pant., Campanula patula L. subsp. abietina (Griseb.) Simonkai, Micromeria parviflora (Vis.)Rchb., Orchys laxiflora Lam.*Invertebrates: Calosoma pentheri, Carabus caelatus malissorum, Carabus caelatus metalkanus, Carabus cancellatus hypsobius, Carabus croaticus babinjensis, Carabus violaceus merditanus, Carabus violaceus shljebensis, Asemus striatum, Carabus hortensis hortensis, Cicindela sylvicola, Megopis scabricornis, Tragosoma depsarium, Coenonympha gardetta, Erebia melas, Erebia ottomana, Lasiommata petropolitana, Leptidea duponcheli, Leptidea reali, Lycaena phlaeas, Neozephyrus quercus, Pieris mannii, Argynnis pandora, Aricia anteros, Erebia manto, Erebia rhodopensis, Euphydryas maturna, Hipparchia delattini, Lycaena dispar, Pieris brassicae, Plebeius argyrognomon, Satyrium acaciae, Satyrium w-album, Satyrus ferula, Aglais urticae, Agrodiaetus ripartii, Arethusana arethusa, Argynnis aglaja, Argynnis niobe, Boloria graeca, Boloria pales, Brenthis daphne, Carcharodus alceae , Clossiana dia, Coenonympha arcania, Coenonympha pamphilus, Coenonympha rhodopensis, Colias  hyale, Colias croceus, Erebia cassioides, Erebia epiphron, Erebia oeme, Erebia pronoe, Gonepteryx rhamni, Inachis io, Lampides boeticus, Lasiommata megera, Libythea celtis, Limenitis reducta, Lycaena alciphron, Lycaena candens, Lycaena thersamon, Meleageria bellargus, Meleageria coridon, Neptis rivularis, Pieris balcana, Pieris rapae, Plebeius argus, Plebeius idas, Polyommatus dorylas, Polyommatus thersites, Pontia edusa, Pyrgus carthami, Satyrium ilicis, Satyrium spini, Spialia orbifer


DOCUMENTATION:
Protection Decree of Special Nature Reserve Deliblatska pescara Bulletin of RS nr.3/2002; Proposal for protection of  natural resource "Deliblatska pescara” as Special Nature Reserve. - Institute for Protection of Nature of Serbia, Belgrade 1998

QUALITY:
The site contains 21 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats, 58 the Bern convention species, 24 EMERALD other important species, and 71 national for conservation important species. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of Pannonic loess steppes, sand steppes and inland sand dunes and Pannonic thickets in Serbia

DESIGNATION:
Part of the site was declared a Special Nature Reserve Deliblatska pescara (belongs to category IV of IUCN protection Classification - Habitat and species managment area) by a Decree of the Government of the Republic of Serbia - 05 number 353-7/2002-001 from 17.01.2002. Bulletin of RS nr.3 from 28.01.2002.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Reserve "Deliblatska Pescara" is located along the southern edge of the Pannonian Plain, in the Municipalities of Alibunar, Vrsac, Bela Crkva, Kovin and Pozarevac. The Reserve includes the largest European continental sands area, the riparian part, and a part of the Danube with river islands. The area is an important centre of biodiversity in Europe, the most significant steppe site in Serbia, and this part of the Danube is one of the unavoidable points for migratory waterfowl hibernation in Central Europe.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 60-250 m. Approximate area is 36.000 ha. Different types of sands dominate in the area. Loes and different aluvial substratum are well presented in the site.The site contains 21 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of Pannonic loess steppes, sand steppes and inland sand dunes in Serbia. Also, wooded steppe, Pannonic and sub?Pannonic thickets are well presented in the site. It contains a mosaic of different plant communities and habitat types from submerged water communities, water rafts and rooted floating vegetation, Pannonic riverbank dwarf and tall sedge communities, transition mires, eutrophic humid grasslands, riparian willow formations, south-east European ash-oak-alder forests, steppe swamp alder woods. Locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations and native pine plantations cover important part of the site. This mosaic of habitats is host to variety of endangered and declining species.For the largest number of habitat types there is little modern data available. Detail field investigations is needed.Among 59 the “Bern convention species”, and 140 “EMERALD other important species”, according to different criteria (World IUCN red list, European red list, Directive for Habitats, Bonn Convention, CITES Convention, Status in national red books and lists, Protection under national lows, Endemism) next 71 species and subspecies of vascular plants and animals, belongs to the group of conservation important species: Plants: Astragalus dasyanthus Pallas, Cyperus pannonicus Jacq. (* Acorelus pannonicus), Festuca wagneri (Degen,Thaisz & Flatt) Krajina, Ophrys apifera Hudson subsp. apifera *-ima samo Ophrys apifera, Ophrys sphegodes Miller subsp. Sphegodes-ima samo Ophrys sphegodes, Orchis coriophora L. subsp. Coriophora-ima Orchis mascula (L.) L. subsp. mascula, Prunus tenella, Salix rosmarinifolia, Trapa spp., Centaurea sadlerana Janka, Euphorbia pannonica, Carex goodenowii, Corispermum nitidum, Festuca vaginata, Festuca wagneri, Nitella spp., Nuphar luteum, Rindera umbellataInvertebrates: Carcharodus floccifera,  Neozephyrus quercus,  Potosia hungarica,  Scarabaeus pius, Amara erratica,  Brachyta balcanicus, Carabus hungaricus frivaldskyanus, Cicindela hybrida magaryca, Dyschirius substriatus,  Evodinus balcanicus, Tentyria frivaldskyi, Agapanthia violacea, Argynnis pandora,  Calosoma inqusitor, Cicindela campesrtis campestris, Cicindela germanica germanica, Onthophagus furcatus, Pieris brassicae,  Plebeius argyrognomon,  Satyrium acaciae,  Agapanthia dahli, Agapanthiola leucaspis,  Aglais urticae,  Araschnia levana,  Arethusana arethusa,  Calosoma auropunctatum, Carabus cancellatus insperatus, Carabus granulatus granulatus, Chlorophorus herbsti,  Colias  hyale,  Colias croceus,  Gonepteryx rhamni, Inachis io,  Lasiommata megera,  Meleageria bellargus,  Meleageria coridon,  Molorchus kiesenwetteri,  Oberea erythrocephala, Pieris rapae,  Pilemia hirsutula,  Plebeius argus,  Plebeius idas,  Pontia edusa, Pyrgus carthami,  Reittoderus glabratus,  Satyrium spini,  Semanotus russicus,  Vadonia unipunctataFishes: Zingel streber, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Eudontomyzon danfordi, Gymnocephalus cernuus


DOCUMENTATION:
Landscape of Outstanding Features Vlasina.-Study of protection.-Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2004.

QUALITY:
The site contains 13 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats, 38 the Bern convention species, 10 EMERALD other important species, and 20 national for conservation important species. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of acidic fens, transition mires and balcan downy birch (Betula pubecens) peatmoss forests in Serbia.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Vlasina" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 30/2006 from 7.04.2006); I Category - Protected area of special importance

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Vlasina" is located in Southeastern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipalities Surdulica and Crna Trava. The main values of the protected area are its water resources, rich plant and animal life and their habitats. The distinctive and unique appearance of the entire area and its tourist potential is enhanced by the beauty of the Vlasinska Visoravan (plateau) landscape with large aquatic areas, unflooded parts of the old-time peat bog in the form of floating peat islets, well - preserved pastures, and spacious birch forests.The site is located in the region of South-East Serbia. Site belongs to continetal biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 1000-1800 m. Approximate area is 8.600 ha. Different types of silicious rocks dominate in area.The site contains 13 types of Bern prirority threatened habitats. The site is one of the best preserved and largest areas of acidic fens (peri-Danubian black-white-star sedge fens), transition mires, bog bean and marsh cinquefoil communities, bladderwort colonies and chandalier algae submerged carpets, balcan downy birch (Betula pubecens) peatmoss forests in Serbia. Also Beech forests, Bruckenthalia heaths, mat?grass swards, oligotrophic and eutrophic humid grasslands are well presented in the site. Mosaic of different habitats from submerged water communities, water rafts and rooted floating vegetation, riverbank dwarf and tall sedge communities, fens and mires, humid grasslands, riparian willow formations woods, different montane and subalpine scrub habitats to communities on siliceous cliffs are presented in the site. This mosaic of habitats is host to variety of endangered and declining species.For the largest number of habitat types there is little modern data available. Detail field investigations is needed.Among 29 the “Bern convention species”, and 123 “EMERALD other important species”, according to different criteria (World IUCN red list, European red list, Directive for Habitats, Bonn Convention, CITES Convention, Status in national red books and lists, Protection under national lows, Endemism) next 20  species and subspecies of vascular plants and animals, belongs to the group of conservation important species: Plants: Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries) Soó subsp. bosniaca, Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries) Soó subsp. cordigera *, Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soó *, Dactylorhiza sulphurea (Link) Franco *, Ranunculus serbicus, Salix pentandra, Salix rosmarinifolia, Centaurea velenovskyi, Dactylorhiza X serbica (Fleischm.) Soó, Festuca vallida, Jasione orbiculata, Pedicularis brachyodonta Schlooser & Vuk. subsp. moesiaca (Stadlm.) Hayek, Pedicularis heterodonta Pancic, Carex fusca, Carex goodenowii.Fishes: Alburnus albidus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Rutilus basak, Scardinius graecus.


DOCUMENTATION:
Spatial Plan of the Special Purpose Area of the Fruska gora until 2022 ("Official Herald of the AP Vojvodina" No 16/2004)

QUALITY:
The site contains 23 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 34 "Bern convention species", 174 "Emerald other important species" and 148 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Law on National Parks ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 39/1993 from 31.05.1993); Spatial Plan of National Park "Fruska gora" - 2002-2022; I Category -  Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category II- National Park

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Fruska Gora, as a dominant orographic unit in the vast plain of Vojvodina, extends in the Southern margin of the Pannonian Plain, along the Danube bank. Thanks to the numerous preserved fossils, Fruska Gora is an outstanding mirror of the geological past of the Pannonian - Carpathian basin. Its living world is diverse, with numerous Mediterranean and Submediterranean species. Forests of lime, oak and beech cover almost the entire Park, which is well - known also for its archaeological sites, medieval monasteries and specific architectural features, significant as spiritual and cultural centres.The site is located in the Backa and Srem regions of Vojvodina province in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 90 - 542 m. The area is 25393 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Myoxus glis, Apodemus agrarius, Spalax leucodon, Ovis musimon.Invertebrates: Eupholidoptera chabrieri scmidti, Helicoptera marginicollis, Peltonotellus punctifrons, Issus coleoptratus, Ditropis pteridis, Eurysa lineata, Stenocranus major, Stenocranus minutus, Koswigianella spinosa, Struebingianella lugubrina, Javesella dubia, Ribautodelphax collina, Cicadatra atra, Centrotus nervosus, Oncopsis carpini, Macropsis nana, Macropsis infuscata, Dicraneura variata, Edwardsiana frustrator, Edwardsiana fraterculus, Edwardsiana lamelaris, Zygina rorida, Arboridia erecta, Flammigeroidia rhamnicola, Flammigeroidia angusta, Iassus lanio, Arthaldeus striifrons, Grypodes illyricus, Allygidius commutatus, Streptanus josifovi, Mocydiopsis longicauda, Carabus montivagus, Carabus nemoralis pseudomontivagus, Carabus cancellatus intermedius, Carabus obsoletus tippmanni, Carabus parreyssi tippmannianus, Carabus violaceus germarii, Carabus praecellens, Cortodera femorata , Cortodera villosa , Cortodera flavimana , Cortodera discolor , Lepturalia nigripes , Judolia sexmaculata , Tetropium fuscum , Molorchus kiesenwetteri , Oplosia fennica , Exocentrus lusitanus , Exocentrus punctipennis , Saperda octopunctata , Stenostola dubia , Stenostola ferrea , Stictoleptura cordigera , Icosium tomentosum atticum , Stenopterus ater , Stenopterus similatus , Poecilium rufipes , Chlorophorus trifasciatus , Chlorophorus  aegyptiacus , Chlorophorus hungaricus , Anaglyptus gibbosus , Xylotrechus antilope , Agapanthia kirbyi , Agapanthia schurmanni , Agapanthia maculicornis maculicornis , Agapanthia maculicornis davidi , Agapanthia osmanlis , Agapanthia cynerae , Grammoptera erythropus , Vadonia hirsuta , Vadonia insidiosa , Vadonia steveni , Anisorus quercus , Necydalis ulmi , Spondylis buprestoides , Axinopalpis gracilis gracilis , Stenhomalus (Obriopsis) bicolor , Leioderes kollari , Pogonocherus hispidus , Anaesthetis testacea , Aegomorphus clavipes , Aegomorphus krüperi , Opsilia molybdaena , Opsilia uncinata , Phytoecia scutellata , Pilemia hirsutula , Adalia bipunctata , Coccinella septempunctata, Aeshna affinis , Aeshna isosceles , Orthetrum albistylum , Sympetrum meridionale , Sympetrum sanguineum , Gomphus flavipes , Cheilosia griseifacies, Cheilosia schnabli, Merodon recurvus, Pocota personata, Myolepta potens, Myolepta obscura, Neocnemodon brevidens, Anasimyia interpuncta, Mallota cimbiciformis, Sphinximorpha binominata, Chalcosyrphus rufipes, Sphaegina elegans, Pipiza luteitarsis, Mantis religiosa religiosa, Carabus auronitens auronitens, Carabus arvensis schrickelli, Carabus variolosus variolosus.Plants: Ajuga laxmanii, Allium atropurpureum, Allium atroviolaceum, Artemisia austriaca, Aster canus, Aster panonicus, Astragalus asper, Astragalus varius, Blackstonia serotina, Bupleurum pachnospermum, Campanula lingulata, Centaurea sadlerana, Crataegus nigra, Crepis pannonica, Dianthus banaticus, Eryngium planum, Euphorbia pannonica, Galium kitaibelianaum, Glycyrrhiza gladulifera, Gypsophila arenaria, Kitaibela vitifolia, Linum nervosum, Prunus fruticosa, Prunus tenella, Ranunculus illyricus, Rhinanthus borbasii, Rorippa kerneri, Salvia austriaca, Silene multiflora, Trapa longicarpa, Typha schuttlenworthii, Vinca herbacea.


DOCUMENTATION:
Proposal for establishing areas and definitly boundaries of National Park „Sar planina“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1994; New study on expert basis for making a Law on National park is beeing developed.

QUALITY:
The site contains 23 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 37 „Bern convention species“, 134 „Emerald other important species“ and 41 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Law on National Parks („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 39/1993 from 31.05.1993)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Sar Planina is located in the farthest South of Serbia, along the border with Macedonia, in the region of Kosovo and Metohija. With more than 30 peaks above 2 500 m, the mountain abounds in attractive glacial cirques, neves, deep gorges and canyons, watercourses and glacial lakes known as "gorske oci" (mountain eyes). A high percentage of local endemic, relic and internationally significant species, make Sar Planina one of the most significant centres of biodiversity in Europe. It is also characterised by unique cultural heritage, especially churches and monasteries from the period between 12th and 16th centuries.The site is located in the region of Kosovo and Metohia province in South Serbia. Site belongs to continental and alpine biogeographic regions, with altitudinal range of 380 - 2651 m. The area is 96987 86 24 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Birds: Tetrao urogallus Invertebrates: Prionus coriarius, Aptinus merditanus merditanus , Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) rhodopense , Calathus (Neocalathus) albanicus , Calathus (s.str.) macedonicus, Calosoma (Microcallisthenes) relictum , Carabus (Archicarabus) montivagus vellepiticus , Carabus (Megodontus) croaticus ljubetensis , Carabus (Megodontus) violaceus shardaghensis , Carabus (Pachystus) cavernosus cavernosus , Carabus (Procrustes) coriaceus weiratherianus, Cychrus semigranosus montenegrinus , Deltomerus (Paradeltomerus) paradoxus paradoxus , Duvalius (s.str.) fodori , Molops (s.str.) albanicus , Molops (s.str.) alpestris imitator , Molops (s.str.) osmanilis osmanilis , Molops (s.str.) robustus parallelus , Molops (s.str.) rufipes steindachneri , Nebria (Alpaeus) attemsi , Nebria (Alpaeus) ganglbaueri ganglbaueri , Omphreus (s.str.) gracilis , Omphreus (s.str.) morio albanicus , Platynus (Batenus) serbicus , Pterostichus (Aphaon) latifianus latifianus , Pterostichus (Cryobius) macedonicus , Pterostichus (Platypterinus) ottomanus ottomanus , Pterostichus (s.str.) bruckii , Synuchidius ganglbaueri , Tapinopterus (s.str.) dochii , Tapinopterus (s.str.) mirdita mirdita , Trechus (s.str.) albanicus , Trechus (s.str.) goebli matchai, Trechus (s.str.) kobingeri distinctissimus , Trechus (s.str.) priapus priapus , Trechus (s.str.) subnotatus ljubetensis , Zabrus (Pelor) albanicus albanicus , Agapanthia kyrbi, Dorcadion ljubetense, Leptura aethiops


DOCUMENTATION:
Law on National Parks  ("Official Herald of the Socialistic Republic of Serbia" No 39/1993); Spatial Plan of National Park "Tara"  ("Official Herald of the Socialistic Republic of Serbia" No 100/2010); New study on expert basis for making a Law on National park is beeing developed.

QUALITY:
The site contains 16 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 38 "Bern convention species", 107 'Emerald other important species" and 73 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Law on National Parks ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 39/1993 from 31.05.1993); Spatial Plan of National Park "Tara" ("Official Herald of the Socialistic Republic of Serbia" No 3/1989 from 04.02.1989); I Category -  Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category II - National park

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: National Park "Tara" is located in Western Serbia on the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the territory of the Municipality Bajina Basta. Along with the deep and wild canyons of the rivers Drina and Raca, with limestone cliffs more than 1 000 m high, the most important value of Tara are also the dense autochthonous coniferous forests, especially the community of Austrian pine and Scots pine, which make it one of the mountains with the highest forest cover percentage in Europe. The symbols of the area are the local endemics Serbian spruce (Picea omorica) and the grasshopper Pyrgomorphulla serbica. The Park also encompasses numerous traces of prehistory, antic, Roman, Byzantine and Serbian cultures.The site is located in the West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental and alpine biogeographic regions, with altitudinal range of 183 - 1591 m. The area is 19175 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Birds: Tetrao urogallus Invertebrates: Megophthalmus scabripennis, Aphrodes histrionicus, Stictocoris lineatus, Brachyleptura pallens, Brachyleptura maculicornis maculicornis, Pedostrangalia pubescens, Necydalis major, Saphanus piceus piceus, Obrium brunneum, Purpuricenus globulicollis, Leioderes kollari, Clytus lama, Monochamus sutor, Acanthocinus griseus griseus, Leiopus punctulatus, Saperda perforata, Carabus ullrichi werneri, Carabus curtulus tarensis, Molops piceus balcanicus, Molops reiseri pseudoalpestris, Trechus cardioderus balcanicus, Trechus pulchellus fallaciosusPlants: Allium paczoskianum Tuzson, Alyssum markgrafii O. E. Schulz ex Markgraf, Arabis procurrens W. Et K., Aquilegia blecicii Podobnik, Aquilegia grata F. Maly subsp. nikolicii Niketi}, Asperula scutellaris Vis., Bupleurum sibthorpianum Smith in Sibth., Carduus carduelis (L.) Gren., Centaurea derventana Vis. & Pan~i}, Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis (Schaeffer) Rothm., Chamaecytisus tommasinii (Vis.) Rothm., Cicerbita pancicii (Vis.) Beauverd, Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop., Coronilla coronata L., Cyclamen europaeum L., Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries) Soó subsp. cordigera, Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó subsp. maculata, Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó subsp. sambucina, Euphorbia glabriflora Vis., Euphorbia pancicii G. Beck, Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pan~i}, Galium flavescens Borbás, Gentianella ciliata (L.) Borkh. subsp. ciliata, Geranium dalmaticum (G. Beck) Rech. fil., Genista depressa Bieb, Gladiolus imbricatus L., Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörfler, Haplophyllum boissieranum Vis. & Pancic, Knautia macedonica Griseb., Linaria rubioides Vis. & Pancic , Lilium cattaniae Vis., Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott , Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Bentham, Narcissus poeticus L. subsp. radiiflorus (Salisb.) Baker, Orobanche laserpitii-sileris Reuter ex Jordan,  Potentilla mollis Pancic, Potentilla visianii Pancic, Prola uniflora L., Salix pentandra L., Satureja subspicata Vis., Scabiosa columbaria L. subsp. banatica (Waldst. & Kit.) Dikli}, Silene multicaulis Guss. subsp. multicaulis , Silene viridiflora L., Spiraea cana Waldst. & Kit., Stachys anisochila Vis. & Pancic, Thymus adamovicii Velen., Trollius europaeus L. subsp. europaeus, Veratrum album L. subsp. album, Veronica scardica Griseb., Waldsteinia trifolia Rochel ex Koch


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Special Nature Reserve "Slano kopovo" proposal for designation of protected area of special importance, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1999.

QUALITY:
The site contains 5 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 40 "Bern convention species", 40 "Emerald other important species" and 19 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve "Slano kopovo" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 74/2001 from 28.12.2001); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management area.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Slano Kopovo is located in Vojvodina, near the town Novi Becej and the river Tisa. It is one of the last well-preserved saline marshes in the area of Serbia. The main value of the area is the saline vegetation related to solonchaks, with a specific saline community Thero - Salicornietea, which is in the stage of extinction in the entire Pannonian Plain. The specific bird sites, as unique staging sites for many migratory waterbird species, especially cranes, ducks, geese and snipes, make this area an important centre of biodiversity.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 76 - 86 m.The area is 976 44 89 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus micropsInvertebrates: Tetrix nutans, Acrida hungarica hungarica, Chorthippus dichrous, Euchorthippus declivus stichai, Celes variabilis, Carabus cancellatus insperatus, Carabus kollari semetricus, Molops robustus robustus, Agapanthia dahli dahli, Vadonia unipunctata unipunctata, Stenobothrus haemorrhoidalisPlants: Camphorosma annua, Plantago schwarzerbergiana, Puccinellia limosa, Spergularia maritima, Suaeda pannonica


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Natural Park "Stara planina" - proposal for designation of protected area of special importance, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Beograd 2007. Commenr: Uredba o utvrdjivanju Prostornog plana podrucja Parka prirode i turisticke regije Stara planina ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 115/2008 from 19.12.2008).

QUALITY:
The site contains 3 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 49 "Bern convention species", 400 "Emerald other important species" and 174 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Natural Park  "Stara planina" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia' No 19/1997 from 12.05.1997 No 23/2009 from 03.04.2009); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Stara Planina is located in Eastern Serbia along the border with Bulgaria, and it is a part of the large range of the Balkan Mountains. The protected area extends between the ridge of Vidlic in the South and the pass Kadibogaz in the North. It covers the territories of the Municipalities of Zajecar, Knjazevac, Pirot and Dimitrovgrad. The Park is rich in sediments of various ages, fossil remnants of plants and animals, surface and ground waters. It is one of the important centres of the Tertiary and glacial endemorelic plant species, there are also some interesting communities of mountainous peat bogs and numerous animal species.The site is located in the region of South-East Serbia. Site belongs to alpine and continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 163 - 2168 m.The area is 142219 64 34 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Invertebrates: Spialia orbifer, Pyrgus sidae, Allancastria cerisy, Leptidea reali, Pieris brassicae, Pieris mannii, Pieris rapae, Pontia edusa, Colias erate, Gonepteryx rhamni, Lycaena phlaeas, Lycaena alciphron, Lycaena candens, Neozephyrus quercus, Satyrium ilicis, Satyrium acaciae, Cupido osiris, Cupido argiades, Cupido decolorata, Plebeius idas, Aricia eumedon, Polyommatus dorylas, Polyommatus amandus, Polyommatus thersites, Meleageria coridon, Agrodiaetus admetus, Agrodiaetus ripartii, Argynnis aglaja, Argynnis niobe, Brenthis daphne, Inachis io, Aglais urticae, Araschnia levana, Limenitis reducta, Neptis rivularis, Kirinia roxelana, Lasiommata megera, Coenonympha rhodopensis, Coenonympha arcania, Coenonympha leander, Coenonympha pamphilus, Erebia orientalis, Erebia alberganus, Erebia ottomana, Erebia oeme, Melanargia larissa, Satyrus ferula, Hipparchia delattiniPlants: Acer intermedium, Achillea clypeolata, Achillea critmifolia, Achillea grandifolia, Aconitum pentheri, Agropyron repens, Alchemilla sp., Androsace hedraeantha, Anemone montana, Angelica brachyradia, Anthemis carpatica, Arabis procurrens, Arctium lappa, Bupleurum apiculatum, Bupleurum parhnospermum, Bupleurum sibthorpianum, Campanula calyciata, Campanula epigaea, Campanula kladniana, Campanula trojanensis, Cardamine acris, Carduus carduelis, Centaurea chrzsolepis, Centaurea kotschiana, Centaurea nyssana var. velenovskyi, Centaurea salonitana, Centaurium unbellatum, Cephalanthera latifoia, Cerastium banaticum, Cerastium decalvans, Cerastium decalvans ssp. adamovicii, Cerastium grandiflorum, Chamaecytisus albus, Chamaecytisus jankae, Chamaecytisus leiocarpus, Chamaecytisus pygmaeus, Cirsium afrum, Cirsium heterotichum, Cirsium lingulare, Cotoneaster melanocarpus, Crepis viscidula, Crocus tommasinianus, Cynoglossum montanum, Dactylorhiza cordigera, Dactylorhiza cordigera  var. bosnioaca, Dactylorhiza romana, Dianthus cruenthus, Dianthus moesiacus, Digitalis ambiqua, Digitalis ferruginea, Digitalis laevigata, Digitalis viridiflora, Doronicum macrpphyllum, Edraianthus serbicus, Epipactis latifolia, Euphrasia illirica, Euphrasia sp., Galega officinalis, Gladiolus imbricatus, Glechoma hirsuta, Helleborus odorus, Heracleum ternatum, Heracleum verticillatum, Herniaria incana, Hieracium klisurae ssp. nikolae, Hieracium arsum ssp schultzianum, Hieracium djimilense ssp. cordatifrons, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Himantoglossum hircinum ssp. calcaratum, Hypericum boissieri, Hypericum umbellatum, Knautia ambiqua, Knautia macedonica, Lathyrus pancicii, Leucorchis frivaldi, Linaria concolor, Luzula congesta, Lycopodium complanatum, Lycopodium selago, Malcolmia serbica, Minuartia bulgarica, Nepeta nuda, Mycelis sonchifolia, Oenanthe stenoloba, Orobanche pancicii, Pedicularis brachyodonta ssp. moesiaca, Pedicularis friderici-augusti, Pedicularis heterodonta, Pedicularis hoermaniana, Peucedanum minutifolium, Peucedanum aegopodioides, Pinguicula leptoceras, Pleurospermum austriacum, Poa media, Poa ursina, Potentilla ternata, Primula elatior var carpatica, Pulsatilla montana ssp. bulgarica, Ranunculus iliricus, Ranunculus serbicus, Ribes grossularia, Rorippa lipizensis, Rosa balcanica, Satureja kitaibelii, Scabiosa balcanica, Sempervivum eritraeum, Senecio asterias, Senecio aucheri, Senecio carpeticus, Senecio pancicii, Silene heuffelii, Silene rhodopaea, Silene roemeri, Soldanella hungarica, Stachys anisochila, Swertia punctata, Thymus kerneri, Thymus rohlenae, Trifolium trichopterum, Verbascum adamovicii, Veronica balcanica, Veronica crassifolia,Veronica spuria, Viola dacica, Verbascum banaticum, Veronica baumgartenii


DOCUMENTATION:
Study on status and protection of nature of Djerdap area, Institute for Nature Conservation of Republic of Serbia, Beograd 1965; Podrucje NP Derdap -  Osnovne karakteristike sa stanovista zastite prirode -  Institute for Nature Conservation of Republic of Serbia, Beograd 198Odluka o izradi PPPPN NP Derdap - SGRS 16/ 2009Comment: New study on expert basis for making a Law on National park is beeing developed.

QUALITY:
The site contains 6 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 58 "Bern convention species", 118 "Emerald other important species" and 55 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Law on National Parks ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 39/1993 from 26.05.1993); Spatial Plan of National Park "Djerdap" ("Official Herald of the Socialistic Republic of Serbia" No 34/1989 from 19.08.1989); I Category -  Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category II - National park

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Ludasko Jezero in Northern Backa, East of the town Subotica, is the only representative of shallow lakes in the steppe area in Serbia. It is protected aiming at the conservation of wetland ecosystems of the sands and steppe areas with high landscape diversity, a relic steppe community and rare plant and animal species. The Lake itself with its reedbeds and the surrounding flooded meadows is a meeting place and winter refuge of migratory bird species, thanks to which it has also an international significance. The traditional architecture and local customs enhance the homeland heritage of this site.Site description: National Park "Djerdap" is located in Northeast Serbia, on the border with Romania, on the territory of the Municipalities Majdanpek, Golubac and Kladovo. The main feature of the Park is Djerdapska Klisura, the longest and the largest gorge in Europe, with the most diverse forms of relief and geoherirage. Thanks to its large forest complexes, it is one of the most significant refuges of ancient flora and fauna in Europe. The entire area is also rich in monument herirage, the most significant of which is the archaeological site Lepenski Vir from the Neolithic Age, Roman Limes and the Tabula Traiana from the 1st century AD and the medieval fortress Golubac.The site is located in the region of North-Easth Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 28 - 806 m.The area is 63608 45 00 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Fishes: Acipenser gueldenstaedti, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Neogobius fluviatilis, Neogobius kessleri, Neogobius gymnotrachelus, Neogobius melanostomusInvertebrates: Postsolenobia banatica, Taleporia tubulosa, Canephora hirsuta, Anisorus quercus, Trichoferus pallidus, Cerambyx nodulosus, Ropalopus insubricus, Ropalopus femoratus, Chlorophorus herbsti, Parmena unifasciata, Dorcadion decipiens, Dorcadion murrayi, Onconotus servillei, Myrmecophilus acervorum, Tetrix ceperoi jarockii, Paracinema tricolor bisignata, Hyalestes scotti, Cixius pilosus, Cixius granulatus, Hysteropterum latifrons, Baetis carpaticus, Baetis bioculatus, Carabus ullrichi transdiemae, Carabus scheidleri serbicusPlants: Athamanta hungarica, Melampyrum bihariense, Campanula groseckii, Campanula crassipes, Ranunculus flabellifolius, Centaurea myriotoma, Fritillaria degeniana, Hieracium marmoreum, Achillea clypeolata, Acer intermedium, Coronilla elegans, Sesleria rigida, Cerastium banaticum, Satureja kitaibelii, Centaurea atropurpurea, Cephalaria laevigata, Parietaria serbica, Ranunculus cassubicus, Veronica bachofenii, Veronica scardica, Jurinea mollis subsp. subhastata, Seseli gracile, Ferula heuffeli, Orchis signifera, Epipactis latifolia


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Special Nature Reserve "Ludasko jezero" - Technical layout for revision, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 2004.

QUALITY:
The site contains 4 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 40 "Bern convention species", 120 "Emerald other important species" and 16 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve "Ludasko jezero" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 30/2006 from 11.04.2006); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 95 - 112 m.The area is 846 33 00 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Mammals: Apodemus agrariusAmphibia/Reptilia: Dolichophis caspius, Zamenis longissimaInvertebrates: Acrida hungarica, Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella septempunctata, Carabus granulatus granulatus, Carabus cancellatus kiskunensisPlants: Achillea asplenifolia, Astragalus asper, Centaurea sadleriana, Plantago schwarzenbergiana, Rhinanthus borbasii, Salvia austriaca, Silene multiflora, Vinca herbaceaa


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve „Zasavica“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1996

QUALITY:
The site contains 14 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 36 „Bern convention species“, 83 „Emerald other important species“ and 17 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve „Zasavica“ („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 19/1997 from 12.05.1997); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Reserve Zasavica is located in Northern Macva, between the rivers Drina and Sava, on the territory of the Municipalities of Sremska Mitrovica and Bogatic. The area is under protection aiming at the conservation of the natural watercourse characteristic of lowland landscapes, as well as wetland sites characterised by high biodiversity, which include the plant aldrovanda (Aldrovanda vesiculosa), the fish European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) and the European beaver (Castor fiber). The Reserve is significant also for the conservation of the autochthonous races of domestic animals (Podolian cow, mangulica pig, Balkan donkey).The site is located in the region of Vojvodina province in North-West Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic and continental biogeographic regions, with altitudinal range of 77.5 - 80.6 m. The area is 670 99 89 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Apodemus agrarius Fishes: Umbra krameriInvertebrates: Arhopalus syriacus, Lampropterus femoratus, Stenopterus ater, Stenopterus similatus, Chlorophorus varius, Cyrtoclytus capra, Agapanthia cynerae, Agapanthia lais, Agapanthiola leucaspis, Procerus gigas, Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella septempunctata,Plants: Clematis integrifolia, Urtica kioviensis


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities „Dolina Pcinje“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1993 and 2002

QUALITY:
The site contains 2 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 27 „Bern convention species“, 56 „Emerald other important species“ and 3 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities “Dolina Pcinje” („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 55/1996 from 31.12.1996; No 2/2003 from 15.1.2003); II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Landscape "Dolina Pcinje" is located in Southeastern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipality Bujanovac. It covers the piedmont area of the mountains Kozjak and Starac and the valley of the river Pcinja between them. Bearing in mind that it is located on the boundary zone between the continental and Mediterranean climates, the area is characterised by great diversity of the living world. The value of the area is enhanced by the Monument of Culture of Great Importance, Monastery St. Prohor Pcinjski from the 11th century.The site is located in the South region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 400 - 1284 m. The area is 2606 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Fishes: Vimba vimba melanops Plants: Achillea serbica, Scabiosa fumaroides


DOCUMENTATION:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Suboticka pescara" - proposal for designation of protected area of special importance, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 2003.

QUALITY:
The site contains 9 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 32 "Bern convention species", 79 "Emerald other important species" and 27 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Suboticka pescara" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 127/2003 from 04.12.2003); II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Suboticka Pescara is one of the rare remaining continental sand areas in Europe. It is located in the extreme North of Backa, along the border with Hungary. The different habitat types, sands, steppe and marsh, conditioned a high biological diversity, which is the basic value of this area. The lowland peat bogs are unique because this phenomenon is rare on the sands. The area preserves its original landscape characteristics, with traditional forms of economy and national architecture.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 102 - 132 m.The area is 5369 90 00 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Mammals: Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Myoxus glis, Apodemus agrarius, Spalax leucodon, Ovis musimonInvertebrates: Tetrix bolivari, Tetrix nutans, Calliptamus barbarus barbarus, Acrida hungarica hungarica, Stenobothrus haemorrhoidalis, Myrmeleotettix antennatus, Chorthippus loratus, Euchorthippus pulvinatus, Euchorthippus declivus stichai, Celes variabilis, Acrotylus longipes, Vadonia unipunctata unipunctata, Brachyta balcanicusPlants: Achillea asplenifolia, Blackstonia serotina, Centaurea sadleriana, Crocus variegatus, Gypsophila paniculata, Ranunculus illyricus, Rhinanthus borbasii, Sedum sartorianum, Silene multiflora


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Vrsacke planine", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 2005

QUALITY:
The site contains 10 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 28 "Bern convention species", 94 "Emerald other important species" and 56 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities  "Vrsacke planine" („Official Gazette Municipality Parliament  of Vrsac", No 6/2005 from 22.12.2005; 4/2006); III Category - Important protected area; IUCN Category III - Natural Monument

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Vrsacke Planine represent a distinct and isolated geomorphological landform in Southeastern Banat and the highest mountainous massif in Vojvodina. The morphological appearance of the area and the characteristic geological structure reflect the oldest period of the geological past and the different tectonic phases which can be seen only at this place in Vojvodina. The living world has preserved its peculiarity, and the diverse types of original life communities and the well - preserved stock of autochthonous flora and fauna are a valuable genetic resource.The site is located in the Banat region of Vojvodina province in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 85 - 641 m. The area is 4408 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Mammals: Talpa europaea, Sorex araneus, Neomys foediens, Crocidura suaveolens, Muscardinus avellanarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus silvaticus, Micromys minutus, Pytymys subterraneus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Sciurus vulgaris, Lepus europaeus, Vulpes vulpes, Martes martes, Martes foina, Meles meles, Felis silvestris, Mustela nivalis, Mustela erminea, Mustela putorius, Capreolus capreolus, Sus scrofa.Amphibia/Reptilia: Salamandra salamandra, Triturus vulgaris , Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana dalmatina , Rana graeca, Rana ridibunda, Anguis fragilis, Lacerta agilis, Lacerta viridis, Podarcis muralis, Zamenis longissima, Natrix natrix, Vipera berus.Invertebrates: Calosoma inquisitor, Calosoma sycophanta, Carabus variolosus, Amara aenea, Harpalus distinguendus, Trechus quadristriatus, Oryctes nasicornis, Saturnia pyri, Nymphalis antiopa, Pyrgus armoricanus, Calopteryx splendens, Chorthippus albomarginatus, Chorthippus dorsatus, Oedipoda caerulescens.Plants: Ostrya carpinifolia, Oxytropis pilosa, Physospermum cornubiense, Platanthera bifolia, Pulsatilla pratensis, Quercus pedunculiflora, Ruscus aculeatus, Ruscus hypoglossum, Seseli hippomarathrum, Spiranthes spiralis, Stipa pulcherrima, Viola pumila, Aconitum napellus, Epipactis atrorubens.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities „Sargan-Mokra Gora“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2005

QUALITY:
The site contains 12 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 24 „Bern convention species“, 76 „Emerald other important species“ and 32 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities “Sargan-Mokra Gora” („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 52/2005 from 21.06.2005, No 81/2008 from 05.09.2008); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Park "Sargan - Mokra Gora" is located in Western Serbia, on the territory of the Municipalities of Uzice, Cajetina and Bajina Basta. It covers the area of mountain Sargan, Mokrogorska Kotlina, the valley of the river Beli Rzav and the southern parts of the mountain Tara. The landscape beauty, in addition to deeply cut valleys and gorges, is increased also by the diverse and rich wild plants and animals, the complexes of Austrian pine and Scots pine forests, national architecture, railway Sarganska Osmica and ethno complex Drvengrad.The site is located in the West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 485 - 1167 m. The area is 3678 23 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Birds: Tetrao urogallusPlants: Allium tenuiflorum , Alysum markgrafii, Aquilegia nigricans , Armeria serpentini , Athamantha haynaldii, Cerastium malyi subsp. serpentini, Cicerbita pancicii , Edraianthus jugoslavicus, Edraianthus tenuifolius, Erica carnea, Euphorbia glabriflora , Euphorbia pancicii, Euphorbia subhastata , Fumana bonapartei, Genista frivaldszky, Halacsya sendtneri , Haplophyllum boisserianum, Lathyrus binatus , Lathyrus luteus , Linaria rubioides, Micromeria croatica , Onosma taurica , Ophrys cornuta , Pirola rotundifolia , Potentilla mollis , Reichardia macrophylla , Scabiosa fumarioides , Sesleria serbica , Stachys anisochila , Verbascum glabratum . subsp. bosnense , Scrophularia tristis


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve "Suva planina", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2005

QUALITY:
The site contains 13 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 40 "Bern convention species", 104 "Emerald other important species" and 113 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on preliminary Protection of "Suva planina" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia' No 65/ 2008 from 05.07.2008); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention - Comment: istekla je prethodna zastita 05.07.2009.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Suva Planina is located in Eastern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipalities of Niska Banja, Gadzin Han and Bela Palanka. It is a massif of outstanding morphological phenomena and landforms of karst relief and sediments rich in fossil flora and fauna. In addition to meadow, pasture, scree and rockland communities, there is forest vegetation consisting of broadleaf and coniferous species. In addition to diverse fauna, there are also numerous endemorelic plant species, of which Pancic's aquilegia (Aquilegia pancicii) and Serbian rose (Rosa serbica) are especially significant.The site is located in the East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 337 - 1807 m. The area is 21354 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Prionus coriaceus, Anterastes serbicus, Barbitistes ocskayi, Eupholidoptera chabrieri schmidti, Isophya modestior, Isophya speciosa, Meconema thalassinum, Metrioptera arnoldi, Odontopodisma decipiens , Pholidoptera aptera karnyi, Pholidoptera fallax, Pholidoptera frivaldszkyi, Platycleis (Platycleis) albopunctata grisea, Poecilimon ampliatus, Poecilimon fussi, Poecilimon brunneri, Poecilimon ornatus, Poecilimon schmidti, Pseudopodisma fieberi, Psorodonotus fieberi, Rhacocleis germanica, Troglophilus neglectus vlasinensis, Tylopsis liliifolia, Agapanthia villosoviridescens, Anoplodera rufipes, Brachyleptura erythroptera, Calimus angulatus, Cerambyx nodulosus, Cerambyx scopolii, Cortodera flavimana, Dorcadion equestre, Dorcadion pedestre, Gammoptera ustulata, Herophila tristis, Leptura aethiops, Molorchus umbellatarum, Pachitodes erraticus, Paracorymbia scutellata;Plants: Scabiosa dubia, Achantus balcanicus, Acer intermedium , Achillea clypeolata , Achillea crithmifolia , Achillea serbica , Anchusa hybrida , Aquilegia pancicii , Arabis procurrens , Asyneuma anthericoides , Bupleurum commutatum , Bupleurum sibthorpianum , Cachrys alpina , Campanula grossekii , Campanula sparsa ssp. sphaerotrix , Carun graecum, Centaurea chrysolepis , Centaurea nyssana , Cephalaria flava , Cerastium banaticum , Cerastium grandiflorum , Chamaecytisus ciliatus , Crepis viscidula , Crocus flavus , Cytisus petrovicii , Dianthus cruentus , Dianthus pallens Sibth. & Sm., Digitalis laevigata , Dorycnium germanicum , Edraianthus serbicus , Euphrasia illyrica , Festuca dalmatica , Festuca panciciana , Festuca xanthina , Fumaria petteri , Hieracium dolopicum , Hieracium klisurae ssp. nikolae , Hieracium marmoreum , Hieracium morisianum Reichenb., Hypericum atomarium , Hypericum boissieri , Hypericum rumelicum, Kitaibelia vitifolia , Knautia drymeia , Knautia macedonica , Lamium garganicum , Linum extraaxilare , Linum hologynum, Medicago carstiensis , Melampyrum scardicum , Micromeria cristata, Mycelis sonchifolia, Orobanche nana , Orobanche pancicii , Parietaria serbica , Pedicularis heterodonta , Pulsatilla montana ssp. bulgarica , Satureia kitaibelii , Scabiosa fumarioides , Scrophularia laciniata , Sempervivum marmoreum , Seseli serbicum , Sesleria rigida, Silene sendtneri , Stachys cassia , Stachys reinertii , Verbascum abietinum , Viola aetolica , Viola macedonica , Cotoneaster melanocarpa, Cystopteris montana, Campanula kladniana, Rosa serbica, Silene roemeri, Senecio wagneri.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve "Jelasnicka klisura", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1993

QUALITY:
The site contains 4 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 17 'Bern convention species", 66 "Emerald other important species" and 20 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve "Jelasnicka klisura" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 9/1995 from 23.03.1995); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Jelasnicka Klisura, the gorge of the river Jelasnica, is located in Eastern Serbia, in the foothills of the mountain Suva Planina, Southeast of Nis. The Gorge is narrow, with steep sides, rich in morphological ornaments. The area is under protection for the conservation of the sites of numerous relic and endemic species, and especially of plant species, Serbian ramonda and Nathalia's ramonda (Ramonda serbica, R. nathaliae), which are the symbols of the Gorge.The site is located in the East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 291 - 563 m. The area is 115 72 72 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Plants: Silene gigantea subsp. rhodopea, Parietaria serbica, Carum graecum, Chamaecytisus jankae, Onosma tubiflorum, Jurinea mollis, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Ophrys cornuta, Hieracium marmoreum, Achillea clypeolata, Orobanche esulae, Scabiosa fumarioides, Bupleurum apiculatum, Chamaecytisus jankae, Cytisus procumbens subsp. petrovici, Thlaspi kovatsii, Aurinia corymbosa, Hypericum rumeliacum, Cerastium grandiflorum, Ranunculus psilostachys.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve „Koviljsko-Petrovaradinski rit“, Institute for Nature Conservation of  Vojvodina Province, Novi Sad 2010.

QUALITY:
The site contains 11 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 29 „Bern convention species“, 106 „Emerald other important species“ and 25 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve „Koviljsko-Petrovaradinski rit“ („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 44/2011 from 17.06.2011); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Koviljsko - Petrovaradinski Rit is located in Southeast Backa, downstream of Novi Sad, near the towns Kovilj and Petrovaradin. The marsh is a lowland flooded area of the river Danube, with well - preserved and diverse relief and hydrographic features and typical Pannonian elements of flora and fauna. The existing river islands, isthmuses, arms, meanders and stagnant waters are characterised by marsh forests cut with ponds, marshes, reedbeds, shrubbery, and hygrophilous meadows. In addition to Apatin marsh, it is today the only marsh complex, the remnant of the old - time large, dense, lush, and almost impassable marshes.The site is located in the Backa region of Vojvodina province in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 72.9 - 77.3 m. The area is 4840 60 52 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Apodemus agrarius Fishes: Zingel spp.Invertebrates: Brachyopa bicolor, Brachyopa pilosa, Cheilosia clama, Cheilosia griseifacies, Cheilosia uviformis, Dasysyrphus tricinctus, Epistrophe euchroma, Epistrophe melanostoma, Eristalis picea, Eumerus sogdianus, Helophilus lunulatus, Melangyna guttata, Neoascia interrupta, Neocnemodon vitripennis, Platycheirus angustatusPlants: Arctium lappa, Centaurium uliginosum, Crataegus nigra, Galega officinalis, Glechoma hirsuta, Helleborus odorus, Marsilea quadrifolia


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve "Pasnjaci velike droplje", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1996 and new study in 2007.

QUALITY:
The site contains 3 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 28 "Bern convention species", 35 "Emerald other important species" and 21 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on protection of Special Nature Reserve "Pasnjaci velike droplje" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 37/1997 from 31.07.1997); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management, Obavestenje o pokretanju postupka prosirenja  SRP "Pasnjaci velike droplje" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 44/2009)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Reserve "Pasnjaci Velike Droplje" is located in the Northern part of Vojvodina, in the vicinity of Mokrin, on the territory of the Municipalities of Coka and Kikinda. Along with the complex of the Pannonian plant communities of steppe, saline soil and marsh habitats, specific of the region of Northern Banat, and the diverse fauna, the basic value of the area is the game bird great bustard (Otis tarda), one of the most endangered bird species in Europe. This is its only habitat in Serbia.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 77 - 82 m.The area is 979 43 94 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Apodemus microps, Mus hortulanusInvertebrates: Acrida hungarica hungarica, Tetrix nutans, Stenobothrus haemorrhoidalis, Myrmeleotettix antennatus, Carabus cancellatus insperatus, Carabus kollari semetricus, Molops robustus robustusPlants: Achillea setacea, Aster canus, Camphorosma annua, Centaurea sadleriana, Cynoglossum hungaricum, Plantago schwarzerbergiana, Puccinellia limosa, Ranunculus pedatus, Silene virdiflora, Trifolium angulatum, Trinia ramosissima


DOCUMENTATION:
Technical layout for developing of a proposal for designation of  Special Nature Reserve "Selevenjske pustare", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1993.

QUALITY:
The site contains 12 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 21 "Bern convention species", 83 "Emerald other important species" and 18 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection Special Nature Reserve "Selevenjske pustare" ('Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 37/97 from 08.08.1997); II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention"

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Reserve "Selevenjske Pustare" is located in the North of Vojvodina, along the border with Hungary, on the territory of the Municipalities Kanjiza and Subotica. The area includes the contact of the Eastern margin of the Suboticka Pescara and the loess terrace of the river Tisa. Steppe, saline soil, sands and marsh sites are populated by numerous rare and endangered plant species (Gypsophila arenaria, Iris arenaria, Triglochin maritimum, Blackstonia acuminata). The saline marshes and marshy meadows are the sites of rare species of birds, especially the snipes.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 87 - 103 m.The area is 677 03 53 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Mammals: Erinaceus concolorPlants: Achillea asplenifolia, Astragalus asper, Astragalus dasyanthus, Blackstonia serotina, Centaurea sadleriana, Crocus variegatus, Gypsophila arenaria, Gypsophila paniculata, Iris arenaria , Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. crassifolium, Plantago schwarzenbergiana, Ranunculus illyricus, Rhinanthus borbasii, Silene multiflora, Sueda maritima, Vinca herbacea, Sedum sartorianum (hillebrandtiii)


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve "Carska bara",  Institute for Nature Conservation of Vojvodina Province, Novi Sad 2010

QUALITY:
The site contains 10 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 37 "Bern convention species', 59 "Emerald other important species" and 14 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve "Carska bara" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 46/2011 from 24.06.2011); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management area

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Stari Begej and Carska Bara are located in central Banat, on the territory of the Municipality Zrenjanin, in the alluvial plain between the rivers Tisa and Begej. The Reserve is a mosaic complex of lake - fishpond, river, pond - marsh, meadow, steppe, saline soil and forest ecosystems, with diverse and rich living world. Ponds, canals, stagnant waters, the Begej old channel, Carska Bara, Tiganjica and Perleska Bara are the habitats of numerous waterfowl species which are the most important value of this area.The site is located in the Banat region of Vojvodina province in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 73 - 78 m. The area is 1676 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Apodemus agrarius;Invertebrates: Carabus hungaricus frivaldszkyanus, Tetrix nutans, Acrida hungarica hungarica, Euchorthippus declivus stichai, Carabus cancellatus insperatus, Molops robustus robustus, Carabus kollari semetricus;Plants: Scirpus lacustris subsp.tabernemontani, Aster tripolium subsp. Pannonicus, Hypericum elegans, Scorzonera parviflora, Trapa longicarpa.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve "Uvac", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2004. Uredba o utvrdjivanju Prostornog plana podrucja posebne namene Specijalnog rezervata prirode "Uvac" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 83/2010 from 09.11.2010).

QUALITY:
The site contains 9 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 34 „Bern convention species“, 65 „Emerald other important species“ and 14 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve „Uvac“ („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 25/2006 from 24.03.2006); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The protected area includes the gorge of the river Uvac and its tributaries Veljusnica, Kladnica and Tisovica, and it is located in Southwestern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipality Nova Varos. Along with the attractive gorge, limestone rocks with numerous subterranean forms of karst relief (with the longest cave system in Serbia - the cave Usacka Pecina), its natural beauties also include the lakes Sjenicko Jezero, Zlatarsko Jezero and Radoinjsko Jezero. A special value is the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), whose colony on the river Uvac is the largest in the region of central Balkan.The site is located in the South-West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental and alpine biogeographic regions, with altitudinal range of 760 - 1322 m. The area is 7543 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Valeriana dioica subsp. simplicifolia, Lamium bifidum subsp. balcanicum, Aurinia corymbosa, Fumana bonapartei, Euphorbia glabriflora, Potentilla visianii, Scabiosa fumarioides, Minuartia bosniaca, Lamium garganicum, Athamanta turbith subsp. haynaldii, Achillea ageratifolia var. serbica, Pseudofumaria alba, Dactylorhiza saccifera, Dactylorhiza latifolia


DOCUMENTATION:
Status of the protected area is under revision. New study on protection is beeing developed. Proposal - Special Nature Reserve - "Klisura reke Milesevke"

QUALITY:
The site contains 10 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 18 "Bern convention species', 67 "Emerald other important species" and 29 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of Gorge "Klisura reke Milesevke" (Decree of the Municipality Parliament of Prijepolje, No 03-352-5/76 from 11.05.1976)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The river Milesevka is located in Southwestern part of Serbia, on the territory of the Municipality Prijepolje. The gorge is characterised by unique geomorphological phenomena, specific forest communities (Serbian spruce, beech, sweet chestnut, etc.), characteristic vegetation of the rocks and screes and nationally and internationally significant plant and animal species. The landscape is enriched by cultural and historical monuments, the Monastery Mileseva and the medieval town Milesevac from the 13th century.The site is located in the South-West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to alpine biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 512 - 993 m. The area is 456 06 45 ha.  The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Himantoglossum hircinum subsp. calcaratum, Athamanta turbith subsp. Haynaldii, Campanula secundiflora, Carduus ramosissimus, Centaurea epapposa, Centaurea grisebachii, Cerastium decalvans, Dianthus cruentus, Euphorbia glabriflora, Hieracium gymnocephalum, Lathyrus binatus, Melampyrum hoermannianum, Minuartia bosniaca, Pseudofumaria alba, Scabiosa fumarioides, Stachys anisochila, Viola aetolica, Euphorbia subhastata, Festuca panciciana, Silene pusilla subsp. monachorum, Thesium auriculatum, Cirsium oleraceum, Moehringia bavarica, Ophrys cornuta, Campanula latifolia, Carduus ramosissimus, Petasites kablikianus, Coronilla coronata, Tilia rubra subsp. Caucassica.


DOCUMENTATION:
Status of the protected area is under revision. New study on protection is beeing developed.

QUALITY:
The site contains 5 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 32 „Bern convention species“, 81 „Emerald other important species“ and 41 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of mixed community fir /Abies pectinata/ and beech /Fagus silvatica/ with some maple /Acer pseudoplatanus/ and Norway maple /Acer platanoides/  on the locality called „Rtanj“ (Decree of  the Institute for Conservation and Researching of Natural Rarities No 01-486 from 16.09.1959)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Mountain Rtanj, distinguished by its conical peak with slanting slopes, is located in Eastern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipality Boljevac. The area is characterised by different karst forms of relief with numerous holes, forests of silver fir and beech, rich plant communities of rocklands, pastures and shrubs. The symbols of Mt. Rtanj are two endemic plant species (Satureia kitaibelii and Nepeta rtanjensis).The site is located in the East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 430 - 1565 m. The area is 15 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Vadonia imitatrix, Pedostrangalia revestita, Saphanus piceus piceusPlants: Pulsatilla vulgaris ssp. grandis, Linaria agnustissima, Dianthus pelviflormis, Euphprbia carniolica, Crocucus biflorus, Achillea serbica , Allium albidum , Asplenium lepidum , Cephalaria pastricensis , Edraianthus serbicus , Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre , Hieracium marmoreum , Nepeta rtanjensis , Orobanche pancicii , Pedicularis friderici-augusti , Prunus tenella, Saponaria bellidifolia Sm., Geranium dalmaticum, Silene pusilla ssp. candavica, Lygia passerina, Arabis auriculata, Ranunculus illyricus, Erysimum crepidifolium, Hypericum boissieri , Galium volhynicum, Carum graecum, Edraianthus kitaibelii, Paeonia colarina, Doronicum orienatle, Allium flavescens, Prunus tenella, Onosma visianii, Alyssum wierybicrii, Astragalus serbicus, Coronilla vaginalis, Ribes grosularia, Campanula moravica, Satureja kitaibelii


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Natural Park  "Grmija", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1995

QUALITY:
The site contains 6 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 12 'Bern convention species', 78 'Emerald other important species' and 25 "national for conservation important species'.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection Natural Park "Grmija" ("Decree of the Municipality Parliament  of Pristina", No 110-6153/95-09 from 28.12.1995);  II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Mountain Grmija is located in Kosovo, on the territory of the city Pristina. The area is under protection for the conservation of autochthonous vegetation, with a dominant forest ecosystem with rich and diverse flora of mosaic distribution and high vitality. There are numerous relic, endemic and endemorelic species, which are protected at the national level - the Macedonian oak (Quercus trojana), scarlet paeony (Paeonia decora), French Flax (Linum gallicum), spurge - laurel (Daphne laureola), etc.The site is located in the region of Kosovo and Metohia province in South Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 673 - 1098 m. The area is 1167 94 28 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Plants: Salvia pratensis subsp. pozegensis, Scabiosa fumarioides, Alyssum markgrafii, Dactylorhiza latifolia, Malosorbus florentina, Potentilla visianii, Ranunculus serbicus, Scabiosa fumarioides, Dianthus cruentus subsp. turcicus, Comandra elegans, Allium cupani, Ranunculus illyricus, Paeonia coralina, Scorzonera doriae, Lathyrus grandiflorus, Galium flavescens, Acanthus hungaricus, Selinum silaifolia, Ferulago sylvatica, Arum orientale, Pulmonaria mollis, Thlaspi kovatsii, Petrorhagia illyrica, Ziziphora capitata, Fritillaria orientalis Adams.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Natural Park  "Palic"  together with Natural Monument "Three important thee in the park", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1996

QUALITY:
The site contains 5 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 34 "Bern convention species", 35 "Emerald other important species" and 3 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on protection of Natural Park  "Palic" and Natural Monument within it ("Official Gazette Municipality Parliament  Subotica", No 8/1996 from 29.04.1996); III Category - Important protected area; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Park "Palic" is located in the North of Vojvodina, between the towns Subotica and Palic. The area is protected in the aim of preserving the Lake and the habitats of rare and endangered plant and animal species. The existing Park and the Zoo make the Palic area a significant tourist centre. The open water areas of the lake are the most significant hibernating places for birds in this region. The old Spa buildings in the Park are a significant cultural - historical heritage.The site is located in the region of Vojvodina in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 102 - 108 m.The area is 712 90 37 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Fishes: Ctenopharyngodon idellaPlants: Achillea asplenifolia, Lepidium cartilagineum


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Natural Park "Golija", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2000. Uredba o utvrdjivanju Prostornog plana podrucja posebne namene Parka prirode Golija. ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 16/2009 from 06.33.2009).

QUALITY:
The site contains 14 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 24 "Bern convention species", 101 "Emerald other important species" and 35 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Natural Park  "Golija" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 45/2001 from 20.07.2001, No 47/2009 from 26.06.2009); I Category - Protected area of special importance; UNESCO - Biosphere Reserve

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Mountain Golija is located in Southwestern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipalities Ivanjica, Kraljevo, Raska, Novi Pazar and Sjenica. Its natural values are the gorges of the rivers Studenica and Izubra, and a great number of springs and streams, peat bogs and lakes (Kosaninovo Jezero and Dajicko Jezero), broadleaf-coniferous forests of Greek maple (Acer heldreichii) and a great number of scientifically significant plant species (e.g. Allysum markgrafi, Pancicia serbica, Verbascum adamovicii). The Park also includes a cultural monument of outstanding universal value - the Studenica Monastery from the 13th century, which is inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.The site is located in the South-West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 418 - 1833 m. The area is 75183 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Invertebrates: Poecilimon ampliatus, Metrioptera brachyptera, Miramella alpina, Brachyleptura tesserula, Saphanus piceus piceus, Tetropium fuscum, Callidostola aenea, Monochamus sutor, Lamia textor, Phytoecia nigricornis, Carabus montivagus montivagus, Carabus croaticus bosiljcici, Carabus violaceus azurescens, Carabus hortensis herzegowinensis, Carabus semigranosus semigranosus, Nebria dahli dahli, Platynus scrobiculatus serbicus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus bosnicus, Pterostichus brevis brevis, Trechus priapus priapus; Plants: Alyssum jancheni, Alyssum markgrafi, Aruncus silvestre, Asyneuma trichocalicinum, Cardamine glauca, Carpinus betulus, Geranium villosum, Geum molle, Hypersia selago, Pancicia serbica, Rhamnus fallax, Rhamnus rupestris, Thymus aadamovicii, Verbascum adamovicii, Viola elegantula.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study on protection of Natural Park "Sicevacka klisura", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1998.

QUALITY:
The site contains 4 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 35 "Bern convention species", 105 "Emerald other important species" and 31 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on protection of Natural Park "Sicevacka klisura" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 16/2000 from 10.05.2000); II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category V - Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Sicevacka Klisura, carved by the river Nisava, is located in Eastern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipalities Nis and Bela Palanka. The composite gorge consists of Prosecka Klisura, Ostrovicka Kotlina and Gradistanski Kanjon, whose cliffs are the nesting places of the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). The area is a significant site of the Balkan endemic plants, Serbian ramonda and Nathalia's ramonda (Ramonda serbica and R. nathaliae), but also of other rare plant and animal species. The Gorge also encompasses numerous medieval monasteries, as well as parts of the famous road Via militaris from the Roman Empire period.The site is located in the region of South-East Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 213 - 1267 m.The area is 7746 00 00 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Plants: Acer intermedium, Achillea serbica, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Astragalus serbicus, Asparagus tenuifolius, Campanula bieberstenii subsp. australis, Chamaecytisus jankae, Corothamnus procumbens subsp.petrovicii, Coronilla elegans, Crataegus nigra, Dianthus cruentus, Edraianthus jugoslavicus, Edraianthus serbicus, Festuca panciciana, Hieracium marmoreum, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Hypericum boissieri, Linaria rubioides subsp. nissana, Linum tauricum subsp. serbicum, Micromeria cristata, Orobanche esulae, Orobanche serbica, Pancicia serbica, Prunus fruticosa, Prunus tenella, Pulsatilla montana subsp. bulgarica, Ranunculus illyricus, Ranunculus serbicus, Satureja kitaibelii, Scabiosa fumarioides, Silene moehringifolia


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities „Mirusa”, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1996

QUALITY:
The site contains 4 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 14 „Bern convention species“, 43 „Emerald other important species“ and 21 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities „Mirusa” („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 5/1998 from 27.02.1998); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Mirusa is located in Metohijska Kotlina, in the area of Prekoruplje, on the territory of the Municipalities Klina and Orahovac. The protection covers the lower course of the river Mirusa to the confluence in the river Beli Drim. The canyon of the river Mirusa is a landscape of exceptionally representative hydro-morphological structure (16 lakes separated by waterfalls, cascades and rapids), specific thermophilous and xerothermophilous vegetation with rare and endangered plant species: scarlet paeony (Paeonia decora), Balkan forsythia (Forsythia europaea), spring pheasant's eye (Adonis vernalis) and the Mediterranean fauna (red-rumped swallow - Cecropis daurica, etc.).The site is located in the region of Kosovo and Metohia province in South Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 340 - 600 m. The area is 330 47 60 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Forsythia europaea, Centaurea kosaninii, Polygala doerfleri, Aster albanicus, Potentilla visianii, Veronica barrelieri, Halacsya sendtneri, Scabiosa fumarioides, Stipa mayeri, Aristolochia merxmuelleri, Euphorbia glabriflora, Fumana bonapartei, Himantoglossum hircinum subsp. calcaratum, Sanguisorba albanica, Aurinia corymbosa, Alyssum markgrafii, Thymus lukae, Bupleurum apiculatum, Knautia macedonica, Koeleria eriostachya, Paeonia decora


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Ovcarsko-Kablarska klisura", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1998

QUALITY:
The site contains 4 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 25 "Bern convention species", 95 "Emerald other important species" and 6 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Ovcarsko-Kablarska klisura" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 16/2000 from 10.05.2000); I Category - Protected area of special importance

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Ovcarsko - Kablarska Klisura is located in the central part of Serbia, between the mountains Kablar and Ovcar, about 8 km West of CaCak. It is about 20 km long and characterised by steep and impacted meanders of the river Zapadna Morava. The gorge is a landscape of outstanding landscape diversity, beauty and attractiveness. It is a unique and very significant cultural - historical entity with eleven monasteries, an exceptional geo - heritage monument and an area of diverse and significant flora, vegetation and fauna.The site is located in the West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 248 - 889 m. The area is 2250 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Crataegus nigra, Cyclamen sp., Digitalis feruginea, Digitalis laevigata, Platanthera rubra, Spiraea cana.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Natural Park „Zlatibor“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2005. Comment: Odluka o izradi Regionalnog prostornog plana za podrucje Zlatiborskog i Moravickog upravnog okruga ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia", No 60/2010 from 27.8.2010).

QUALITY:
The site contains 11 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 39 „Bern convention species“, 168 „Emerald other important species“ and 105 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
The Decree on Protection is in the Procedure; Proposal: I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Zlatibor is located in the extreme Southwest of Serbia, between the mountains Tara and Zlatar, on the territory of the Municipalities Uzice, Cajetina and Nova Varos. It is a gently undulated mountainous area with vast pastures and meadows, outstanding specimens of old Scots pine trees, impassable gorges, caves, hollows and forests along the edge of the area. It is a site of diverse flora and fauna. Zlatibor is one of the most significant tourist destinations in Serbia. Its value, along with the favourable climate, is enhanced by the original architecture and traditional heritage.The site is located in the West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental and alpine biogeographic regions, with altitudinal range of 486 - 1496 m. The area is 32174 86 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Rhithrogena semicolorata , Ecdyonurus venosus , Baetis vernus , Paraleptophlebia submarginata , Habroleptoides modesta , Torleya major , Ephemera danica , Amphinemura triangularis , Amphinemura standfussi , Nemoura marginata , Nemuriella pictetii , Protonemura  autumnalis , Protonemura auberti , Perlodes microcephala , Chloroperla tripunctata , Drusus serbicus , Psilopteryx montanus , Thremma anomalum , Halesus digitatus , Wormaldia occipitalis , Poecilimon ampliatus , Isophya obtusa , Psorodonotus fieberi , Gomphocerus sibiricus , Aphrodes histrionicus , Grypotes puncticollis , Magdelaniella winkleri , Nargus (Demochrus) wilkini, Agathidium (s. str.) rambouseki , Leuctra hirsuta , Leuctra quadrimaculata , Philopotamus variegatus , Pyrgus carthami , Spiralia phlomidis , Gonepteryx rhamni , Leptidea duponcheli , Pieris brassicae , Pieris manni , Agrodiaetus amanda , Aricia anteros , Lycaena dispar , Lycaena thersamon , Pontia daplidice , Lycaena candens , Plebejus argyrognomon , Satyrium spini , Satyrium w-album , Argynnis aglaja , Argynnis pandora , Boloria titania , Brenthis  daphne , Euphydrias maturna , Limenitis reducta , Coenonympha arcania , Coenonympha gardetta , Kanetisa circePlants: Fritillaria orientalis Adams, Euphorbia serpentini, Knautia pancicii, Potentilla mollis, Thymus adamovicii, Athamanta turbith subsp. haynaldii, Halacsya sendtneri, Gypsophila spergulifolia, Alyssum markgrafii, Potentilla visianii, Linaria rubioides, Scrophularia tristis, Sesleria serbica, Fumana bonapartei, Stipa novakii, Haplophyllum boissieranum, Scabiosa fumarioides, Euphorbia glabriflora, Asperula scutellaris, Cirsium oleraceum, Cirsium tymphaeum, Gentianella lutescens, Hesperis dinarica, Aquilegia nigricans, Lactuca pancicii, Gladiolus imbricatus, Himantoglossum hircinum subsp. calcaratum, Lathyrus bauhinii, Ophrys oestrifera, Pleurospermum austriacum, Heliosperma pusillum subsp. monachorun, Sorbus graeca, Asplenium lepidum, Euphorbia subhastata, Moehringia bavarica, Onosma cinerea, Stachys anisochila, Verbascum glabratum subsp. bosnense, Centaurea stereophylla, Cystopteris montana, Plantago reniformis, Arabis procurrens, Cerastium malyi subsp. serpentinii, Minuartia bosniaca, Silene sendtneri, Sempervivum heuffelii, Stachys scardica, Petasites kablikianus, Ribes grossularia


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of the Special Outstanding Qualities and Beauty  „Jerma“ and of the Monastery Poganovo, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1991. Status of the protected area is under revision. New Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve „Jerma“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2007

QUALITY:
The site contains 8 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 30 „Bern convention species“, 110 „Emerald other important species“ and 63 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Preliminary Protection of Special Nature Reserve "Jerma" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 55/2008 from 27.5.2008); Proposal: I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention. Comment: istekla je prethodna zastita 27.05.2009.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Jerma is located in Southeastern Serbia and covers the massifs of Mt. Greben and Vlaske Planine, as well as the greater part of the river Jerma catchment. The area consists of a unique complex of valleys and limestone gorges, with numerous caves, hollows, and funnel-shaped depressions, subterranean and surface waters and karst springs. The characteristic forest and shrub vegetation is the site of numerous rare, endangered and extremely significant species (Balkan maple, wild lilac, Serbian campanula; the pseudoscorpions - Roncus sotirovi and R. strahor).The site is located in the East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 465 - 1443 m. The area is 7048 78 02 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Argynnis aglaja, Argynnis pandora, Argynnis pandora, Boloria dia, Boloria selene, Coenonympha argiades, Coenonympha arcania, Coenonympha pamhilus, Erebia melas, Lasiomata petropolitana, Lycaena alciphron, Nymphalis xanthomelas, Ochlodes venatus, Pieris brassicae, Pontia daplidicae, Thymelicus lineolus, Troglophilus neglectus vlasiensis , Roncus sotirovi , Roncus strahorPlants: Acer intermedium, Achillea clypeolata, Achillea serbica, Astragalus angustifolius, Campanula grossekii, Campanula sphaerotrix, Centaurea nyssana, Cerastium banaticum, Chamaecytisus ciliatus, Corydalis pirotensis, Crocus flavus, Crucianella graeca, Cytisus procumbens, Dianthus pallens, Edraianthus serbicus, Erysimum crepidifoliu, Festuca panciciana, Galium flavescens, Genista triangularis, Geranium brutium, Haplophyllum suaveolens, Hieracium pannosum, Hypericum rrumelicum, Knautia ambigua, Lamium garganicum, Linum hologynum, Micromeria cristata, Mycelis sonchifolia, Ornithogalum montanum, Paeonia decora, Parietaria serbica., Pedicularis heterodonta, Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana, Pulsatilla montana ssp. bulgarica, Ranunculus serbicus, Rorippa prolifera, Satureja kitaibelii, Scabiosa dubia, Scrophularia laciniata, Sempervivum marmoreum, Sesleria rigida, Stachys cassia, Trifolium medium ssp. balcanicum, Verbascum banaticum


DOCUMENTATION:
Study of Nature Protection - Program of Integral Development of the Suvobor region, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2002

QUALITY:
The site contains 9 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 27 "Bern convention species", 73 "Emerald other important species" and 13 "national for conservation important species".

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Suvobor is located in Central Serbia, within the Valjevo complex of mountains, between Ljig, Gornji Milanovac and Mionica. It is a hydrographic centre between the Zapadna Morava and Kolubara tributaries, rich in springs and watercourses. The significant characteristics of this area are aesthetic values of the landscape, the geo - heritage, the diversity of plant and animal species, well - preserved forests, soil and water quality, characteristic architecture and cultural - historical values.The site is located in the North-West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 192 - 970 m. The area is 52037 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Halacsya sendtneri, Alyssum markgrafii, Potentilla malyana, Linaria rubioides, Scabiosa fumarioides, Euphorbia glabriflora, Linaria dalmatica, Gladiolus imbricatus, Peucedanum aegopodioides, Stachys scardica, Scabiosa fumarioides, Arabis procurrens, Chamaecytisus leiocarpus subsp. Bosniacus.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study on protection is beeing developed.

QUALITY:
The site contains 10 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 25 "Bern convention species", 72 "Emerald other important species" and 15 "national for conservation important species".

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Pestersko Polje is located on Pesterska Visoravan (plateau) in the extreme Southwest of Serbia, in the region of Stari Vlah and Raska. It is the largest karst polje in Serbia and at the highest elevation on the Balkan Peninsula. The margins of the field are covered with steppe pasture vegetation and coniferous forests, and in the field depressions there are aquatic and marsh plants with numerous endemorelic species (Scorzonera purpurea, Dracocephalum ruyschiana) and the diverse bird fauna. One of largest wet peat bogs on the Balkan Peninsula is located on Pester.The site is located in the South-West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental and alpine biogeographic regions, with altitudinal range of 1147 - 1351 m. The area is 3865 40 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Crepis praemorsa subsp. dinarica, Valeriana dioica subsp. simplicifolia, Clematis integrifolia, Fumana bonapartei, Halacsya sendtneri, Juncus thomasii, Knautia illyrica, Linum tauricum subsp. serbicum, Potentilla visianii, Salix rosmarinifolia, Verbascum nicolai, Viola macedonica, Gypsophila spergulifolia, Silene sendtneri, Asyneuma canescen.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve „Karadjordjevo“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1996

QUALITY:
The site contains 11 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 30 „Bern convention species“, 98 „Emerald other important species“ and 24 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve „Karadjordjevo“ („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 37/1997 from 08.08.1997); II Category - Protected area of great importance

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Karadjordjevo is located in Southwestern Backa, along the left bank of the Danube. The Reserve consists of two separate natural entities - Mostonga and Bukinski Rit. Its most significant natural values are marsh forests of autochthonous willows and poplars, and pond - marsh communities with numerous rare plant and animal species. The aquatic sites are favourable ponds for fish spawning, and the entire area is well-known by autochthonous game species.The site is located in the Backa region of Vojvodina province in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 73 - 95 m. The area is 2955 32 54 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Myoxus glis, Apodemus agrarius, Mus hortulanus Invertebrates: Conomelus odryssius, Ribautodelphax albostriata, Neophilaenus infumatus, Megophthalmus scanicus, Megophthalmus scabripennis, Eurhadina kirschbaum, Eupteryx urticae, Eupteryx calcarata, Japananus hyalinus, Mocuellus metrius, Arthaldeus pascuellus, Jassargus flori, Athysanus argentarius, Artianus manderstjernai, Cicadula persimilisPlants: Crataegus nigra, Arctium lappa, Galega officinalis, Glechoma hirsuta, Helleborus odorus


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve „Klisura reke Tresnjice“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1994

QUALITY:
The site contains 10 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 25 „Bern convention species“, 77 „Emerald other important species“ and 1 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Special Nature Reserve „Klisura reke Tresnjice" („Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia“ No 50/1995 from 13.12.1995); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The spring of the river Tresnjica is below Mt. Povlen in Western Serbia, and its confluence in the Drina is not far from Ljubovija. The greatest part of the Reserve consists of a limestone gorge covered with forests and brushwood of hop hornbeam, Turkey oak, sessile oak, Austrian pine and juniper. Along with valuable geomorphological forms and the preserved ethno - heritage, the area is under protection for the conservation of the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) habitat.The site is located in the North-West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 230 - 922 m. The area is 595 38 04 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Cirsium pauciflorum


DOCUMENTATION:
Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve  "Venerina padina"  - Habitat of plant species - venerina vlas (Adiantum capillus veneris L.)  as a Protected Area of special importance, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Nis 2003.

QUALITY:
The site contains 1 type of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 3 "Bern convention species" and 12 "Emerald other important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on protection of Special Nature Reserve "Venerina padina" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 4/2005 from 18.01.2005); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category I - Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Venerina Padina is the only site of maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus veneris), the extremely endangered plant species in Serbia. It is located in Southeastern Serbia, on the left valley side of the river Zvonacka Reka, tributary of the Jerma (1051 m). The site of maidenhair fern is a large deposit of travertine, the rock with a highly sensitive creation process and directly related to the draining of thermal waters.The site is located in the region of South-East Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 643 - 719 m.The  area is 0.27 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
Status of the protected area is under revision. New Study - Proposal for designation of Nature Reserve „Feljesana“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2007

QUALITY:
The site contains 1 type of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 15 "Bern convention species" and 33 "Emerald other important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree of  the Institute for Conservation and Researching of Natural Rarities No 25/50 from 20.05.1950; I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category I - Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Feljesana is one of the oldest protected reserves in Serbia. It is located in Eastern Serbia, on the territory of the Municipality Majdanpek. The main value of the Reserve is the well-preserved community of the virgin forest of Moesian beech (Fagus moesiaca), with the trees above 40 m and up to 300 years of age.The site is located in the region of North-East Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 359 - 555 m.The  area is 15 28 00 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
Status of the protected area is under revision. New Study - Proposal for designation of Nature Reserve „Mustafa“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2007

DESIGNATION:
Decree on protection of mixed community of moesian beech  /Fagus moesiaca/  and oak  /Quercus sessilis/ in "Severni Kucaj" forests on the locality called  "Mustafa" (Decree of Municipality Parliament  Majdanpek No 03-72 from 20.06.1969); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category I - Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Reserve "Mustafa" is located in Eastern Serbia, North of Mountains Homoljske Planine, in the vicinity of Majdanpek. Today, just as in the time of the area designation, this specific community of Moesian beech and sessile oak is one of the best-preserved forests in the wider area.The site is located in the region of North-East Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 374 - 615 m.The area is 976 44 89 ha.


QUALITY:
The site contains 11 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 27 "Bern convention species", 86 "Emerald other important species" and 29 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Natural Monument  "Lazarev kanjon" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 16/2000 from 10.05.2000); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category III - Natural Monument/ Natural Landmark

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: As a part of the Lazareva Reka catchment and the mountain Malinik, in the Eastern part of Kucajske Planine, "Lazarev Kanjon" is protected as the Natural Monument. The canyon is characterised by a unique combination of limestone canyon valleys of imposing dimensions and extraordinary morphological features, numerous and significant speleological structures (caves Lazareva Pecina, Vernjikica), interesting phenomena and processes of karst water circulation, diverse plant and animal species, and the outstanding landscape diversity and beauty.The site is located in the North-East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 279 - 1142 m. The area is 1755 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Dianthus petareus subsp. noaeanus , Trifolium medium subsp. balcabicum, Lamium bifidum subsp. balcanicum ,  Acanthus hungaricus, Athamanta hungarica, Crataegus nigra, Acer hyrcanum subsp. intermedium , Acer intermedium, Achillea serbica Nyman, Campanula crassipes, Campanula latifolia , Edraianthus serbicus Petrovi?, Ferula heuffelii , Seseli gracile, Silene pusilla var. moehringifolia, Veronica crinita, Centaurea trinifilia, Hieracium marmoreum, Centaurea calescens, Hypericum boissieri, Satureja kitaibelii , Euphrasia illyrica , Malocolmia serbica , Verbascum eryophorum , Campanula sparsa subsp. sphaerotrix, Cerastium banaticum, Dianthus croatucus , Digitalis laevigata , Viola macedonica.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Nature Reserve „Prokop“,Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2006

QUALITY:
The site contains 13 "Bern convention species" and 26 "Emerald other important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of  Nature Reserve "Prokop" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No 93/2008 from 09.10.2008), IUCN - I Category (Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Nature Reserve "Prokop" is located in central Serbia, Southeast of Krusevac, in the central part of the mountainous massif Veliki Jastrebac. The area is protected to preserve the forest community of birch (Betula verrucosa) aged 70 years, consisting of pure birch stands and mixed stands of birch with beech. At places, there are also fragments of pure beech forests (Fagetum montanum).The site is located in the region of Central Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 549 - 590 m.The area is 05 00 00 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Natural Monument  "Salinacki lug" as a important protected area, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2005

QUALITY:
The site contains 2 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 11 "Bern convention species" and 26 "Emerald other important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on protection of  Natural Monument "Salinacki lug" (Municipality Parliament  Smederevo No. 633-6/2007-08 from 19.07.2007.))

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Salinacki Lug is located in the alluvial plain, in the Velika Morava meander near Smederevo. The once widely distributed autochthonous forests of common oak (Quercus robur) and narrow - leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), today occupy a very small area, with about 250 remaining common oak trees about 200 years old and 15-18 m high and with only a few specimens of narrow - leaved ash.The site is located in the region of North-East Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal of 71 m.The area is 19 21 51 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
New Study - Proposal for designation of Nature Reserve „Tesne jaruge“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2006

QUALITY:
The site contains 4 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 11 „Bern convention species“ and 37 „Emerald other important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of the peat bog in the vicinity of the locality called "Tesne jaruge" on the Jelova Gora Mountain (Decree of the Municipality Parliament  of Bajina Basta, No 02-6268 from 13.12.1968)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Strict Nature Reserve "Tesne Jaruge" is located in Southwestern Serbia, on the mountain Jelova Gora, in the valley of the Okoliska Reka. The area is protected to preserve the old peat bog with a great number of communities of sphagnum mosses mosaically alternating with other communities of wet sites and the community of montane beech, which surrounds the area around the peat bog.The site is located in the West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 939 - 966 m. The area is 02 92 00 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Nature Reserve "Vinatovaca", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Beograd 1993. New study on protection is beeing developed.

QUALITY:
The site contains 1 type of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 19 "Bern convention species" and 43 "Emerald other important species".

DESIGNATION:
Regulation on Protection of Nature Reserve "Vinatovaca" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia" No. 9/1995 from 15.03.1995); I Category - Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category I - Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Vinatovaca is located in Eastern Serbia, in the region of Mt. Kucaj, in the upper catchment of the river Resava. The Reserve includes the complex of well - preserved virgin forests of beech (Fagetum moesiaca montanum serbicum), with well - preserved and vital trees more than 40 m high and above 200 years of age.The site is located in the region of North-East Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 640 - 870 m.The area is 37 43 00 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
Status of the protected area is under revision. New Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve „Zelenicje“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Nis 2007

QUALITY:
The site contains 1 type of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 10 „Bern convention species“ and 36 „Emerald other important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of the plant species cherry-laurel /Prunus laurocerasus/ on the Ostrozub Mountain,  on the locality called "Kacar-Zelenicje" (Decree of the Municipality Parliament  of Crna Trava from 24.12.1971)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Nature Reserve "Zelenicje" is located in Southeastern Serbia, between Vlasotinci and Crna Trava, on the mountain Ostrozub. It is the only natural site of the relic plant species cherry - laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) in Serbia. In the favourable conditions of the montane climate with abundant precipitation and plenty of soil water, cherry - laurel finds the refuge in the beech forest making the community (Lauroceraso - Fagetum).The site is located in the South-East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 1256 - 1335 m. The area is 41 70 00 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
Status of the protected area is under revision. New Study - Proposal for designation of Nature Reserve „Zelenika“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2006

QUALITY:
The site contains 1 type of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 9 "Bern convention species" and 35 "Emerald other important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of the plant species holly /Ilex aquifolium L./ on the Jelova Gora Mountain, on the locality called "Zelenika I"  (Decree of the Municipality Parliament  of Titovo Uzice, No 05-5630/1 from 30.01.1969)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Reserve "Zelenika" is located in Southwestern Serbia, between Bajina Basta and Uzice, on the mountain Jelova Gora. It is one of the rare sites with well - preserved rare relic community of beech and holly (Ilici - Fagetum submontanum), which is at the same time also the main feature of the reserve. Thanks to the favourable environmental conditions, individual holly trees (Ilex aquifolium) attain the imposing dimensions.The site is located in the West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 962 - 981 m. The area is 00 12 00 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
New Study - Proposal for designation of Natural Monument „Klisura Osanicke reke“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Nis 2007

QUALITY:
The site contains 3 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 18 "Bern convention species", 36 "Emerald other important species" and 3 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on protection of Osanicka Reka Gorge (Decree of Municipality Parliament  Zagubica No 020-52/79-01 from 06.07.1979); III Category - Important protected area; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management"

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Osanicka Reka is located in Eastern Serbia, in the vicinity of Zagubica, with the river valley cut in the limestone gorge. The gorge is a significant geomorphological phenomenon with vertical cliffs and columns and an interestingly shaped exokarst cave. It is a refuge of a well - preserved plant community, numerous species of the Submediterranean floral element and the specific fauna.The site is located in the region of North-East Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 640 - 870 m.The area is 37 43 00 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Plants: Acanthus balcanicus, Angelica pancicii, Sesleria rigida


DOCUMENTATION:
Status of the protected area is under revision. New Study - Proposal for designation of Special Nature Reserve „Mala jasenova glava“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, 2007

QUALITY:
The site contains 1 type of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 9 „Bern convention species“ and 38 „Emerald other important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of the beech forest community /Fagus moesiaca/ and yew /Taxus baccata/ on the locality called  “Mala jasenova glava” (Decree of  the Institute for Conservation and Researching of Natural Rarities No 01-380/1 from 26.06.1961, „Official Herald of the Public Republic of Serbia“ No 49/1961 from 27.11.1961)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: The Reserve "Mala Jasenova Glava" is located in the forest complex Juzni Kucaj, in the vicinity of Krivi Vir, on the territory of the Municipality of Boljevac. The entire area of the Reserve is covered with a mixed forest of beech and yew. Its basic value is the relic plant species yew (Taxus baccata), whose population in the Reserve is among the most productive, the largest and the most vital ones in Serbia. The community of yew with beech on Mala Jasenova Glava is one of the best-preserved communities of this type.The site is located in the North-East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 631 - 741 m. The area is 06 30 00 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
New Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Ozrenske livade", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Nis 2007

QUALITY:
The site contains 5 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 14 "Bern convention species" and 35 "Emerald other important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of the part of the Mountain Ozren, on the locality called "Ozrenske livade"  (Decree of the Municipality Parliament  of Sokobanja, No 6-18/71-03 from 26.11.1971)

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Ozrenske Livade is located in Eastern Serbia, in the vicinity of Sokobanja. The site covers a part of a large and pleasant depression between the mountains Ozren and Devica. The area abounds in sinkholes, caves (Ozrenska Pecina) and springs, vast pastures and meadows surrounded by broadleaved forests and numerous rare and endangered species. The area of Ozrenske Livade is a significant tourist-recreation potential of Sokobanja, a well - known spa resort in Serbia.The site is located in the East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 360 - 998 m. The area is 838 13 70 ha.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Natural Park „Tikvara“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1995

QUALITY:
The site contains 7 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 15 „Bern convention species“, 74 „Emerald other important species“ and 6 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection Natural park "Tikvara" („Official Herald of the Municipality  of Backa Palanka“, No 3/1997 from 14.11.1997); III Category - Important protected area; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Tikvara is located in the Municipality of Backa Palanka, along the left bank of the Danube between 1296 and 1304 km. The area is protected for the conservation of autochthonous pond - marsh and forest ecosystems forming a mosaic of life communities and the sites of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, especially the fish fauna.The site is located in the Backa region of Vojvodina province in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 78.6 - 82.8 m. The area is 508 13 57 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Mammals: Erinaceus concolor, Apodemus agrariusPlants: Arctium lappa, Galega officinalis, Glechoma hirsuta, Helleborus odorus


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities  „Klisura reke Gradac“, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 1998

QUALITY:
The site contains 12 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 25 „Bern convention species“, 64 „Emerald other important species“ and 3 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities “Klisura reke Gradac” („Official Herald of the Municipality  of Valjevo“, No 011-12/2000 from 27.02.2001); II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Gradac is the right tributary of the Kolubara, with the confluence near Valjevo. The river carves a deep, 23 km long gorge-canyon valley. The main value of the area attractive geomorphological characteristics (impacted meander curves, valleys with funnel - shaped depressions, caves, hollows, etc.), hydrographic and hydrogeological features and habitats of rare and threatened plant and animal species. The Gorge also includes a Medieval Monastery Celije.The site is located in the North-West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 198 - 717 m. The area is 1268 06 88 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Campanula lingulata, Erysimum crepidifoliu, Ophrys cornuta.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study on protection is beeing developed. Odluka o izradi PPPPN prirodnog dobra Beljanica - Kucaj ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia", No 5/2010 od 18.06.2010)

QUALITY:
The site contains 11 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 50 "Bern convention species", 107 "Emerald other important species" and 22 "national for conservation important species".

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Kucajske Planine are the largest mountainous massif in Eastern Serbia, with the greatest complex of beech forests in Serbia. Numerous sinking streams with dry and blind valleys (Dubasnica, Lazarev Kanjon) and speleological forms (the caves Lazareva, Ravanicka and Bogovinska Pecina), make these mountains the most representative areas of karst relief in Serbia. Special features are the gorges and canyons - the refugial sites of numerous plant and animal species. The cultural - historical monuments include the medieval monasteries Manasija, Ravanica and Sisojevac.The site is located in the North-East region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 214 - 1339 m. The area is 103108 94 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Carabus ullrichi kucajensis, Duvalius stankovitchi devojensis, Duvalius stankovitchi georgevitchi, Duvalius stankovitchi stankovitchi, Trechus cardioderus balcanicus, Trechus cardioderus transdanubiensis, Trechus pulchellus ventricosus;Plants:  Athamanta hungarica, Aconitum toxicum, Erysimum crepidifolium, Lactuca visianii, Verbascum eriophorum, Doronicum orientale, Parietaria serbica, Heliosperma pusillum, Acanthus hungaricus, Campanula sphaerotrix, Digitalis laevigata, Linum hologynum, Viola macedonica, Veronica crinita, Dactylorhiza latifolia.


QUALITY:
The site contains 10 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 26 „Bern convention species“, 69 „Emerald other important species“ and 2 „national for conservation important species“.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Pancevacke Ade (Forkontumac, Cakljanac and Stefanac) are river islands in the section of the Danube between 1149 and 1159 km, on the territory of the Municipality Pancevo. Their main values are the remains of the old natural forests (forests of black alder, white alder, white willow, forests of common oak and narrow - leaved ash) which grow along the margins and in the depressions, and also the aquatic macrophytes. The ponds and marshes in the interiors of river islands are the significant fish spawning sites and the sites of wetland birds.The site is located in the Banat region of Vojvodina province in North Serbia. Site belongs to pannonic biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 68.2 - 71.6 m. The area is 1141 13 13 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Plants: Crataegus nigra, Trapa longicarpa


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Zaovine", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Novi Sad 1996.

QUALITY:
The site contains 18 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 30 „Bern convention species“, 95 „Emerald other important species“ and 29 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
The Decree on Protection is in the Procedure; Proposal: I Category - Protected area of great importance

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Zaovine is a typical example of hilly and mountainous area of Western Serbia. They cover the Southern slopes of the mountain Tara, on the territory of the Municipality of Bajina Basta. In addition to the slopes of the mountains Zvijezda, Tara, Zboriste and Tetrebica, the area also includes the artificial lake, the ravine in the valley of the river Beli Rzav and its gorge, known under the name Sklopovi. Among numerous plant and animal species, the area of Zaovine is characterised by the local endemics Serbian spruce (Picea omorika) and Pancic's grasshopper (Pyrgomorphulla serbica).The site is located in the West region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental and alpine biogeographic regions, with altitudinal range of 655 - 1438 m. The area is 5593 61 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Fishes: Hucho hucho, Salmo trutta m.lacustrisPlants: Alyssum markgrafii O. E. Schulz, Aquilegia grata F. Maly subsp. grata, Aquilegia grata F. Maly subsp. nikolicii Niketic, Campanula latifolia L. , Cicerbita pancicii (Vis.) Beauverd , Coronilla coronata L., Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó subsp. maculata, Euphorbia pancicii G. Beck, Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pan., Edraianthus jugoslavicus Lakušic, , Galium flavescens Borbás, Gentiana pneumonanthe L. ssp. pneumonanthe, Gladiolus imbricatus L., Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. subsp. calcaratum , Lathyrus binatus Pancic , Lilium cattaniae Vis., Linaria rubioides Vis. & Pancic , Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott , Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Bentham, Moehringia bavarica (L.) Gren., Ophrys scolopax Cav. subsp. cornuta (Steven) Camus , Reichardia macrophylla Vis. & Pancic , Silene monachorum (Vis. & Pancic) Vis. & Pancic, Satureja subspicata Vis., Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pan. , Spiraea cana Waldst. & Kit., Stachys anisochila Vis. & Pancic


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Avala", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2004

QUALITY:
The site contains 4 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 17 "Bern convention species", 56 "Emerald other important species" and 33 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities “Avala” („Official Herald of the Municipality  of Belgrade“, No 43/2007 from 24.12.2007); II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Avala is an example of low island mountains. It is located in the wider zone of Belgrade city. Its bedrock consists of serpentinite and flysh. It is the only deposit of the ore cinnabar in Serbia, and a new mineral named avalite after the mountain, was found in the vicinity. The area is protected for the conservation and enhancement of landscape values, diversity of geoheritage forms and phenomena, animal and plant life, and the conservation of traditional and historical values. The site also includes the remnants of the antique mines of mercury and silver, a medieval Serbian fortress, the Monument to the Unknown Hero from 1938, etc.The site is located in the North region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 220 - 512 m. The area is 489 13 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Agapanthia violacea, Agapanthia villosoviridescens, Agapanthia cardui pannonica, Agapanthia dahli, Anisorus quercus, Arhopalus rusticus, Carilia virginea, Cerambyx scopolii, Cerambyx miles, Clytus rhamni, Dorcadion scopolii, Ehinocerus floralis, Exocentrus lusitanus, Grammoptera ustulata, Isotomus speciosus, Leiopus nebulosus, Mesosa nebulosa, Mesosa curculionides, Molorchus minor, Oberea erythrocephala, Oplosia cinerea, Musaria affinis affinis, Phytoecia tigrina, Pidonia lurida, Pogonocherus hispidus, Purpuricenus budensis, Purpuricenus kaehleri, Trichoferus pallidus, Prionus coriarius;  Plants: Erysimum crepidifolium, Asyneum canescens, Epipactis latifolia, Salvia austriaca.


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Nature Protection of the Mountain Kosmaj, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2004

QUALITY:
The site contains 6 types of „Bern priority threatened habitats“, 20 „Bern convention species“, 64 „Emerald other important species“ and 15 „national for conservation important species“.

DESIGNATION:
Decree on Protection of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities “Kosmaj” („Official Herald of the Municipality  of Belgrade“, No 501-890/05-XIII-01 from 26.12.2005); III Category - Important protected area; IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Kosmaj is located on the territory of the Belgrade city area. The area is protected for the conservation and enhancement of the picturesque landscape features and primary landscape values, forest structure and quality, diversity and wealth of plant and animal species and sites, quality of water, soil and air and the creation of the conditions for sustainable development of tourism, recreation and agriculture.The site is located in the North region of  Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 172 - 626 m. The area is 3514 50 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Prionus coriarius, Acmaeops marginatus, Agapanthia villosoviridescens, Anaerea carcharias, Anoplodera sexguttata, Cerambyx scopilii, Doracadion pedestre, Leiopus nebulosus, Leptura aethiopsPlants: Campanula lingulata  , Quercus daleschampii  , Rubus radula , Umbilicus erectus , Asparagus tenuifolius, Centurea bieberstenii subsp. ustralis


DOCUMENTATION:
Study - Proposal for designation of Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Radan", Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Belgrade 2002. Odluka o izradi Prostornog plana podrucja posebne namene Radan planine ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia", No 34/2010 from 21.5.2010). Uredba o utvrdjivanju Prostornog plana podrucja posebne namene "Kljuc" ("Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia", No 55/2010 from 06.08.2010).

QUALITY:
The site contains 9 types of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 31 "Bern convention species", 103 "Emerald other important species" and 62 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Preliminary investigation; Proposal: II Category - Protected area of great importance; IUCN Category IV - Habitat and species management/Protected area mainly for conservation through management intervention

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Mountain Radan and its surroundings (part of Mt. Majdan and Sokolovica) are in South Serbia, in the area of Toplicki and Jablanicki Districts. The most significant geomorphological natural monument in this area is DJavolja Varos, which consists of two, universally rare natural phenomena: highly attractive earth columns as the specific relief forms and two springs of extremely acid water with high mineralisation. The area is characterised by a significant diversity of plant and animal species and their communities and by cultural historical monuments (archaeological site from the 6th century - Caricin Grad / Justiniana Prima).The site is located in the Central region of Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 410 - 1409 m. The area is 46664 00 00 ha. The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species): Invertebrates: Arcyptera microptera, Barbitistes ocskayi, Eupholidoptera chabrieri shcmidti, Isophya modestior, Isophya speciosa, Meconema thalassinum, Metrioptera arnoldi, Odontopodisma decipiens, Pholidoptera aptera karnyi, Pholidoptera fallax, Pholidoptera frivaldszkyi, Poecilimon affinis, Poecilimon schmidti, Agapanthia villosoviridescens, Agapanthia violacea, Brachyleptura cordigera, Brachyleptura fulva, Brachyleptura scutallata, Callimus angulatus, Cerambyx scopolii, Chlorophorus trifasciatus, Clytus rhamni temesiensis, Dorcadion fulvum canaliculatum, Leiopus punctulatus, Mussaria affinis affinis, Pachytodes cerambyciformes, Phytoecia pustulata; Plants: Achillea coarctata Poiret, Achillea collina J.Becker ex Reichenb., Achillea grandifolia Friv., Acinos hungaricus (Simonkai) Šilic, Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. subsp. orientalis (Ard.) T.R. Dudley, Campanula sparsa Friv. subsp. sphaerotrix (Griseb.) Hayek, Chamaecytisus albus (Hacq.) Rothm., Cirsium grecescui Rouy, Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Echinops banaticus Rochel ex Schrader, Erysimum cuspidatum (Bieb.) DC., Helleborus odorus Waldst. & Kit., Hieracium moesiacum (A. Kerner & Uechtr. ex Zahn) Sell & C.West, Hypericum atomarium Boiss., Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss., Lamium garganicum L., Peltaria alliacea Jacq., Petrorhagia illyrica (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood subsp. haynaldiana (Janka) P.W. Ball & Heywood, Potentilla chrysantha Trev., Prunus tenella Batsch, Pulsatilla montana (Hoppe) Reichenb. subsp. balcana, Ranunculus illyricus L., Ranunculus serbicus Vis., Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen. subsp. simonkaianus Soo, Rumex kerneri Borbas, Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pancic, Securigera elegans (Pancic) Lassen, Sedum stefco Stefanov, Senecio papposus (Reichenb.) Less subsp. papposus, Stachys cretica L. subsp. cassia (Boiss.) Rech. fil., Stachys scardica (Griseb.) Hayek, Symphytum ottomanum, Verbascum banaticum, Verbascum glabratum Friv., Waldsteinia geoides Willd.


QUALITY:
The site contains 1 type of "Bern priority threatened habitats", 13 "Bern convention species", 35 "Emerald other important species" and 1 "national for conservation important species".

DESIGNATION:
Decree on protection of beech forest /Fagus moesiaca/ on Beljanica Mountain on the locality called  "Busovata" (Decree of Municipality Parliament Zagubica No. 633-2/75 from 28.08.1975); I Category -  Protected area of special importance; IUCN Category I - Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area

OTHERCHARACT:
Site description: Busovata is located in Eastern Serbia, in the Municipality of Zagubica. The Reserve is an example of an exceptionally well preserved stand of autochthonous submontane beech forests on the Northeastern slopes of the mountain Beljanica. The old trees, as much as 150 years old, are a significant reproduction material for the regeneration of forest stands in the area of Mt. Kucaj.The site is located in the region of North-East Serbia. Site belongs to continental biogeographic region, with altitudinal range of 902 - 1071 m.The area is 15 86 00 ha.The site contains and folowing species that are not included in the basic lists (Ecological information - Species from Resolution No 6 and Other important species):Plants: Geranium macrrorhizum


SITENAME:
Predgoria Adygeyi, v tom chisle Aminovka i Rufabgo


QUALITY:
Standard natural ecosystems of European broadleaved forests near the eastern border of their range are represented here; also ecosystems of relict mixed spruce-lime woods on the southern border of their range, steppificated pineries, natural communities on screes and in flood-plains occur.IBA RU208 Watershed of Belaya abd Nugush river covers the ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
National Park, Federal level. Natsionalny Park "Bashkiriya". Decree of te Council of Ministries (Sovet Ministrov) Russian Federation 11.09.1986 N 398

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated on the western branches of the Southern Urals, on the watershed of the rivers Nugush and Belaya, and also on the western branch of the Obshchy Syrt. There are unique landscapes, geological monuments of the Kutuk-Sumgan district, standard geological records within the site. The biodiversity of the broadleaved forest zone of the low-mountain part of the Southern Urals is high.  Plant cover combines features of steppe, broadleaved, taiga and mountain meadows vegetation. Flora of vascular plants includes more than 650 species. Rare species are protected on the territory of the site - Lady's slipper (Cypripedium calceolus), Red helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra), Feather grass (Stipa pennata), Zalesski's feather-grass (Stipa zalesskii), Dwarf iris (Iris pumila), fritillary Fritillaria ruthenica. The animal kingdom conjoins features of taiga and steppe faunas. More than 200 bird species have been recorded, more than 130 of them breeding. Ichthyofauna numbers more than 30 species. There are rare animals - Black-throated diver (Gavia arctica), Black stork (Ciconia nigra), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), Short-toed eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Spotted eagle (Aquila clanga), Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus).


QUALITY:
The Mountain steppe of kraka is unique, because it isolated from the main steppe. The northern cliffs covers coniferous-leaved forrests, southern cliffs - steppes. The forrest-stppe birds' species inhabit kraka Mountain and they occupy this biom in isolation.  IBA RU204 Kraka Mountain covers 45 % of the ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik, Federal level. Bashkirskiy gosudarstvenny prirodny zapovednik. Decree of the Council of Narodnykh Comissarov  (Sovet Narodnykh Comissarov) Bashkirskoy ASSR from  03.09.1929 N 101/33/1

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated in the medium-altitude part of the Southern Urals on the ridges of Southern Kraka and Ural-Tau, in the coniferous-broadleaved vegetation zone. The area includes several groups of mountain ridges and chains. Flora has 765 species of vascular plants. Forests occupy about 81% of the site territory. Pine plantings prevail; there is not much mono-specific larch forests, they are associated with upper parts of slopes, where they often form the top forest line (at the heights of 550-600 m above sea level), above them forest-steppe and steppe begin. Upper parts of southern and eastern slopes are covered with stony mountain steppes. There are 17 species of cyclostomes and fishes, 3 amphibian species, 6 reptiles species, 183 birds species and 54 mammals species within the site. Wild Bashkir bees, inhabiting hollows in trees, are of special importance. There are rare animals in this territory: Apollo (Parnassius apollo), Clouded apollo (Parnassius mnemosyne), Predatory Bush cricket (Saga pedo), Carpenter bee (Xylocopa valga), Taimen (Hucho taimen), European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), Russian bystranka (Alburnoides bipunctatus rossicus), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), Spotted eagle (Aquila clanga), Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), Garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), Forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula), Flying squirrel (Pteromys volans), Common hamster (Cricetus cricetus), European mink (Mustela lutreola), Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica).


QUALITY:
The territory lies in southern part western cliff of South Ural, at the nortborder of Zilariskoye Platea and at the border line with steppe zone of foothiils of Ural/ The complex of meadow birds inhabit the valleys of river Belaya. There are virgin oak forrests, which occupied Nugush cliffs. some rare and endangered birds species restricted by mountain biom inhabit the territory. The steppe belts along the river Belaya and it's tributaries provide the corridors for steppe fauna. IBA RU208 Watershed of Belaya and Nugush river covers 75 % of the ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik, Federal level. Gosudarstvenny prirodny zapovednik Shulgan-Tash. Decree of the Council of Ministries (Sovet Ministrov) RSFSR form 06.01.1986 N 9.

OTHERCHARACT:
Shulgan-Tash is situated in the area of low-hill relief of the western slope of the Southern Urals, where denudation relief forms prevail; the altitude difference amounts to 250-270 metres; karst is widespread. The site is located in the contact zone of broadleaved forests and the zone of taiga; eastern border of lime's, oak's, elm's and maple's area range traverses here. Flora numbers 790 species of vascular plants, 23 of them are listed in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation, and 30 - in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan. There are several relict species - Melilotoides platycarpos, Primula cortusoides, Schivereckia podolica, Zigadenus sibiricus, and endemic species - Blue-sow-thistle (Cicerbita uralensis), Round-leaved vetchling (Lathyrus litvinovii), Prairie junegrass (Koeleria sclerophylla), Wildrye (Elytrigia reflexiaristata) and others. 1442 invertebrate species, 5 amphibian species, 6 reptiles species, 30 fishes species, 204 birds species and 60 mammals species inhabit the site. A Bashkir wild-hive bee comprises a very valuable genofond of the world beekeeping; its population density is the highest in the woods of Shulgan-Tash. There is a unique cultural-historical and natural monument of a world importance - the cave Shulgan-Tash (Kapova cave) with the drawings of an ancient paleolithic man.


QUALITY:
The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory: the site has diverse habitats mosaics. Part of the territory (20000 ha) is considered as the national IBA Mountain valley of Zilim river.The site has been protected as a natural park of local importance Zilim since 2005.

DESIGNATION:
Decision of Gafuriiskiy Rayonnyi Sovet (Regional Council) from 16.04.2005

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is characterized by a complicated structure of the Zilim basin and its tributaries, whose valleys make a significant impact on its relief. Rivers, including the Zilim, are clenched between deep brinks, forming picturesque gorges, and have a fast cataracted flow. Longshore steeps in places are merged into considerable massifs, such as a rocky massif Bastion in the Membet mountains on the right bank of the Zilim. There are 67 caves within the natural park Zilim, including one of the largest caves in the Southern Urals - Kinderlinskaya (Pobeda), which is 8130 meters long. Abundance of dripstones, beauty and majesty of the halls make it one of the most impressive caves of the Bashkortostan and the Urals. Down the Zilim stream there is the Oktyabrskaya cave - one of the deepest caves in Bashkortostan - 98 meters deep. Kinderlinskaya and Oktyabrskaya caves are the one speleosystem with the total extension of 9653 meters, which represents a unique natural monument of Russia. Beside them, there are over 25 valuable geological objects. Broadleaved and mixed deciduous forests with the addition of dark coniferous trees prevail. There are a lot of slashes with secondary parvifoliate plantings. Populations of rare plant species (Koeleria sclerophylla, Stipa pennata, Cypripedium calceolus, Schivereckia podolica, Allium obliquum, Dianthus acicularis, Astragalus clerceanus and others) and animal species (Thymallus thymallus, Cottus gobio, Hucho taimen; Ciconia nigra, Aquila chrysaetos, Pandion haliaetus, Circaetus gallicus, Bubo bubo, Mergellus albellus, Botaurus stellaris, Aquila clanga, Falco peregrinus, Haematopus ostralegus, Numenius arquata, Lanius excubitor, Grus grus, Cinclus cinclus; Lutra lutra, Myotis dasycneme, Mustela lutreola) are well preserved. Wild-hive beekeeping was in common practice previously in settlements, situated within the borders of the natural park. The territory is sparsely populated and poorly developed.


QUALITY:
The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory. The site has been protected as a state natural zoological zakaznik of regional importance Birskiy since 1967.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministries) of Bashkirskaya ASSR from 25.07.1967 N 401

OTHERCHARACT:
A plot of a billowy plain on the right bank of the Belaya river and a part of a flood-plain. More than half of the territory of the site is occupied with broadleaved forests, the rest part - with arable lands, pastures and hayfields. Dry pineries somewhere occur. There are 10 amphibian species, 7 reptile species, 215 bird species (Capercailye, Black grouse, Hazel grouse and waterfowl) and 54 mammal species (European elk, Wild boar, European roe deer, Red fox, Eurasian lynx, Eurasian badger, European pine marten, American mink, European polecat, Russian polecat, Siberian weasel), registered within the territory of the site. A number of species, listed in the Red Data Book of Republic of Bashkortostan, occurs here - including 35 bird species, some of them breeding (Great bittern, White-tailed eagle, Grey partridge, European crane, Eagle owl, Hoopoe and others).


QUALITY:
The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory. The site has been protected as a state natural zoological zakaznik of regional importance Ikskiy since 1972.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministries) of Bashkirskaya ASSR from  26.04.1972  N 220

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated in the northern part of the Zilair mountainous plateau, in the watershed of the Greater Ik and the Lesser Ik. Natural complexes are represented by broadleaf forests of lime-tree and oak in combination with mountain steppes on flat spur tops. Flood-plain meadows are common through river valleys. Vegetation is diverse and rich in floristic composition. Fauna is multifarious as well, and includes both forest taiga species, and steppe species. 40 mammal species (European elk, Wild boar, Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, Red fox, European pine marten, Mountain hare) and 122 bird species were recorded, including those listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan - Golden eagle, Saker falcon, Eagle owl, European crane; Flying squirrel, European otter.


QUALITY:
The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory. The site has been protected as a state natural zoological zakaznik of regional importance Nakazbashevskiy since 1969.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministries) of Bashkirskaya ASSR from  18.03.1969 N 149

OTHERCHARACT:
The site includes a part of the Nakas ridge and surrounding wavy watersheds. Natural complexes are represented by the southernmost margins of forest-steppes, where a high forest-land percentage (43%) is preserved. Forests are mostly broadleaved. Over 50% of the territory is covered with agricultural lands, including szyrts (steppificated flat watersheds) used for grazing. There are 120 bird species (Black grouse, Hazel grouse, European crane, Common wood pigeon, Stock pigeon, Eurasian woodcock) and 60 mammal species (European elk, Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, Eurasian badger, Ermine, European beaver, Muskrat) within the site. A lot of rare birds inhabit the territory of the site, including Black kite, Northern goshawk, Eurasian sparrowhawk, several owl species; for several years Imperial eagle breeds here regularly


QUALITY:
The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory. The site has been protected as a state natural zoological zakaznik of regional importance Karlykhanovskiy since 1972.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministries) of Bashkirskaya ASSR from 03.10.1972 N 502

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated on the north-eastern margin of the Ay river plain. This is an almost solid forest massif of mixed plantings with glades, in places disturbed with clear cuttings. Old-growth broadleaf forests represent a special interest. Coniferous forests (of pine and somewhere of fir) are mostly spread in the north-west part of the site. The site is the place of interpenetration of range areas of European and Siberian animal species. Over 150 bird species (including upland game), about 60 mammal species (Wild boar, European roe deer, Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, European beaver, Mountain hare) occur within the site. Among them there are several rare species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, such as European crane, Peregrine falcon, Golden eagle, Tawny owl, Ural owl, Tengmalm's owl; European mink. Snowy owl occurs during winter.


QUALITY:
The rare birds of prey nest at the territory. The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory. The ASCI is included in the national Importnat Bird Area - Shaitan-Tau ridge RU304. The site has been protected as a state natural landscape zakaznik of regional importance Shaitantau since 1970.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministries) of Bashkirskaya ASSR from 02.07.1970 N 316

OTHERCHARACT:
The site occupies a mountainous massif Shaitantau, covered with nemorose forest-steppe, which is cut up by the Sakmara river. Upland oakeries are spread on northern and eastern slopes, while southern and western slopes are covered with rocky steppes, relayed by steppe bush thickets on crests. Meadow steppes occupy river terraces; riverain deciduous forest strips are common along river valleys. Over 190 bird species (Capercailye, Black grouse, Hazel grouse, Eurasian woodcock, waterfowl) and about 60 mammal species (European elk, European roe deer, Brown bear, Red fox, Eurasian badger, American mink, Siberian weasel, Least weasel) occur. Also several rare species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, inhabit the territory of the site - European grayling, Taimen, Brown trout, Great bittern, Golden eagle, Eagle owl, Flying squirrel.


QUALITY:
The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory. The site has been protected as a state natural zoological zakaznik of regional importance Ishimbaiskiy since 1971.Thymallus thymallus is regionally rare species.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministries) of Bashkirskaya ASSR from 19.03.1971  N 119

OTHERCHARACT:
This is a large area at piedmonts and low western ridges of the Southern Urals. More than 80% of the territory is covered with broadleaf and mixed forests with a high density of hunting fauna. Ichthyofauna of mountain rivers is well represented, including such species as Taimen, European grayling, Brown trout, Freshwater sculpin, Burbot and others. There are more than 190 bird species (European hobby, Montagu's harrier, Northern goshawk, Black grouse, Eurasian woodcock) and around 60 mammal species (Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, American mink, Russian polecat, Siberian weasel, European beaver).


QUALITY:
The territory contributes to survival of populations of endangered, endemic species and species listed in Bern Convention Appendices; a lot of species inhabits the territory. Thymallus thymallus is included in regional Perm Region Red Data Book. The site has been protected as a state natural zoological zakaznik of regional importance Askinskiy since 1963.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministries) of Bashkirskaya ASSR from 20.06.1963 N 378

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated in the watershed of the Ufa and Sars rivers. Natural complexes are represented with old-growth birch and aspen woods with the admixture of coniferous trees and secondary broadleaf forests. Ichthyofauna is rich and represented by such species as Northern pike, European perch, Common dace, Eurasian ruffe, Common bleak, Common nase. 150 bird species (Black grouse, Capercailye, Hazel grouse) and over 50 mammal species (European elk, Wild boar, Brown bear, Eurasian badger, European otter, Mountain hare) were recorded within the site.


QUALITY:
Landscape complexes of high-mountain part of the Southern Urals. Among notable natural objects there are stratotypical and key sections, transverse reach of the Maly Inzer valley (where it breaks through the ridges of Maly Yamantau and Karatash), the district of Aigirskie cataracts, old relic plain reach of the Bolshoi Inzer valley with a series of pools and sandbars.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Central Committee of KPSS and Sovet Ministrov from  19.06.1978 тДЦ 487-152

OTHERCHARACT:
Natural complexes are represented by alpine and subalpine tundra meadows, subalpine open forests, spruce-fir mountain taiga forests, spruce-fir green-moss forests on the southern border of their distribution, broadleaf and coniferous-broadleaf forests on the eastern border of their distribution, hanging sedge-sphagnum bogs on the southern border of their distribution, rocky vegetation. There are lekking grounds of capercaillie and black grouse, beaver settlements, places of winter concentrations of Eurasian elks and roe deers. Trees of wild-hive beers are preserved, suitable for recovering of wild-hive beersтАЩ population. There are many rare and endangered flora and fauna species found within the site (28 relics and 20 endemics), many of which have a southern border of their distribution here.


QUALITY:
Mountain natural complexes. There are a lot of endemic flora species within the site.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov of Bashkirskaya SSR from 17.08.1965 тДЦ 465


DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov of Bashkirskaya SSR 26.12.1985 тДЦ 212

OTHERCHARACT:
There are a lot of rare and endemic flora and fauna species.


QUALITY:
One of the largest core areas of Marmota bobak in the southern forest-steppe zone. There are over 150 bird species and 60 mammal species within the site.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov of Bashkirskaya SSR  22.09.1983 тДЦ 355


QUALITY:
Natural complexes of relic pine forests, plantings of pine of 1872-1902 and larch.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov of Bashkirskaya SSR 28.02.1991 тДЦ 184


QUALITY:
Mountain tundra ecosystems, natural complexes of the largest Sphagnum bog of the Southern Urals with the adjacent slopes of the Yagodny and Avalyak ridges. An outlet of the Belaya river is situated within the site.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Sovet Ministrov of Bashkirskaya SSR 11.10.1968  тДЦ 472


DESIGNATION:
Decree of Cabinet Ministrov of Bashkortostan Republic from 01.10.2002 тДЦ 293


QUALITY:
Mountain ecosystems and natural complexes of forest massifs. Among remarkable natural objects thickets of Juniperus communis can be mentioned.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Government of Bashkortostan Republic from 21.07.2005 тДЦ 673-╤А


QUALITY:
Natural complexes of broadleaf forests, dark coniferous and pine forests.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Government of Bashkortostan Republic from 07.07.2009 тДЦ 259


DESIGNATION:
Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of Bashkortostan Republic from 06.08.2001 N 189

OTHERCHARACT:
An object of special protection is fauna of the site, namely fauna of terrestrial vertebrates, ichthyofauna and entomofauna. Among precious natural objects are natural saline licks, lekking grounds, places of seasonal concentration of birds on migrations, breeding grounds etc. Forest-land percentage of the territory is 95%. The Beterya river (tributory of the Uzyan) and the Asebar flow across the site. There are natural saline licks in the valley of the Aseber. The relief of the site is gently rugged and smoothed. The most part of the territory is covered with secondary birch and birch-aspen forests; primary pine and pine-larch old-growth (80-100 years old) forests are preserved. Rare plant species listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan grow within the territory of the site. The protected territory was organized in 2001 for the purposes of restoration of populations of hunting (Eurasian elk and red deer) and rare animals.


OTHERCHARACT:
Mountain natural complexes are protected. Almost all territory covers by forest. Due to a low level of anthropogenic influence and remoteness of the territory from large settlements, fauna of the site is notable for a high level of diversity. The territory has a water-protection, scientific, resource, reforestation and recreational importance.


DESIGNATION:
Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of Bashkortostan Republic from 05.06.2002 N 178

OTHERCHARACT:
Rare animal species and species of an economic value are protected, namely entomofauna, ichthyofauna and fauna of terrestrial vertebrates. Among precious natural objects are natural saline licks, places of seasonal concentrations of birds on migrations, breeding grounds etc. Habitats of rare species listed in Red Data Books of Russia and Republic of Bashkortostan are situated within the site. The vegetation of the site is represented by linden-maple-elm forests on the eastern macroslope of the Kungak range and forest-steppe with steppificated oak woods, stony of petrophilous variants of meadow steppes тАУ on the western macro-slope. The ecosystems of the site are habitats of diverse and rich fauna. Rich flora of the territory includes a number of rare plants as well. In 1990 in the territory of the zakaznik Kungak a new Lepidoptera species Callophrys butlerovi Migranov was caught and identified for the first time for science by M.G.Migranov. The territory has a resource, scientific and environmental importance.


DESIGNATION:
Decree of  Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministers) of  Bashkirskoy ASSR from 20.06.1963 N 378

OTHERCHARACT:
An object of special protection is fauna of the site. 150 bird species and over 60 mammal species (including both typical species of Siberian, and European faunas) inhabit the site. Species of special protection in the site are Eurasian elk, wild boar, Roe deer, Eurasian lynx, American mink, Eurasian beaver, European pine marten, European badger, Mountain and European hares and upland game. There are several rare species listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Over 60 mammal species and 150 bird species inhabit the site. Conservation of fauna objects and their habitats. The territory of the site (excluding its southern part) is covered with secondary mixed forests of birch and aspen with an admixture of broadleaf species. A pine-wood massif stretches from northeast to southwest across the site along the western slopes, above being replaced with oak plantings. There are fragments of feather-grass and shrub steppes along stony warm slopes. The protected territory preserves a complex of typical hunting species. Forest taiga and meadow species are common among birds. The territory has a resource, scientific and environmental importance.


DESIGNATION:
Decree of  Sovet Ministrov (Council of Ministers) of  Bashkirskoy ASSR from 26.08.1957 N 458

OTHERCHARACT:
An object of special protection is fauna of the site. 120 bird species, including waterbirds, and 40 mammal species inhabit the site. Species of special protection are Eurasian elk, Eurasian beaver, Mountain and European hares, Eurasian lynx, Red fox, European pine marten, American mink and muskrat. There are several rare species listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The flood-plain of the Belaya River in the western macroslope of the Urals. Broadleaf forests. Over 40 mammal species and 120 bird species has been registered within the site. Conservation of fauna objects, including rare species, and their habitats. The core object of the site is Lake Beloe, as well as numerous meander lakes with rich flora and fauna. A significant part of the territory is tilled. The rest part is occupied with parvifoliate forests, linden and oak woods, as well as willow and alder thickets. Fauna species are associated with water ecosystems. Rivers and lakes are abundant with fish. There are a lot of waterbirds and waders breeding in the site. The protected territory has a resource, scientific and environmental importance.


OTHERCHARACT:
An object of special protection is fauna of the site. There are 10 amphibian species, 7 reptile species, 215 bird species and 54 mammal species inhabiting the site. A number of species is listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, namely 35 bird species. Conservation of fauna objects, including rare species, and their habitats.  The territory occupies a right-bank flood-plain and terraces above the flood-plain adjacent to the watershed of the Belaya and Bystryi Tanyp. The total area is 3.8 thousand ha, including forest lands тАУ 2.7 thousand ha, arable lands, meadows and pastures тАУ 0.93 thousand, wetlands тАУ 0.15 thousand ha. Lake BolтАЩshaya YelanтАЩ has an area the water-table of 113 ha; it was declared a natural monument in 1965. The relief of the site is flood-plain, represented by low ridges and coombs. Coniferous and mixed forests are widespread. Rare plant species grow in the territory of the site.


DESIGNATION:
Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of Bashkortostan Republic from 18.01.1995 N 17

OTHERCHARACT:
Kandry-KulтАЩ is the second largest lake of Bashkortostan. Rare relic and endemic plant species are protected. Second largest lake of the Republic of Bashkortostan, a very picturesque one. Relic and endemic plants grow along the shores of the lake.  Conservation of natural complexes, including lacustrine. The natural park Kandry-KulтАЩ is located in the Belebeevsky highland-plain district of the southern forest-steppe subzone of highland-plain Cis-Urals of Bashkortostan. Kandry-KulтАЩ is a karst drainless lake formed in a result of a karstтАЩs gapping. Its depth is 15.5 m. The lake is surrounded with mountains at three sides. Water of the lake is fresh, weakly alkaline, very transparent. Chemically it belongs to a sodium sulfate type of a sulfate class of a magnesium group. The lake is fed by several small rivers falling into it. Within the natural park Kandry-KulтАЩ forests occupy an area of 1085 ha and comprise about 20% of the territory. Soft-wooded broadleaved trees prevail in the forests of the park тАУ 512.2 ha (60% of all forest lands); among soft-wooded broadleaved plantings birch-predominant forests prevail (475.4 ha, or 92%). Plantings with prevailing of coniferous trees comprise 245.9 ha (29.2% of all forest lands), including 209.2 ha of pine forests, or 85% of all coniferous forests. The percentage of forests with prevailing hard-wooded broadleaved trees is negligible (9.8% of all forest lands), including 77.4 ha of oak-predominant woods, or 94.1% of all hard-wooded broadleaved.A diversity of ecological conditions caused a high biological diversity of species inhabiting the lake and the adjacent territories, among which there are a lot of valuable, rare and endangered species. Flora counts 551 species of higher vascular plants; 8 of them are endemics of the Urals, and 6 are relic species. Ornithofauna of the lake amounts to 130 species, ichthyofauna тАУ 14 species. The main objective of the park is a conservation of a natural complex of the lake, and simultaneously тАУ providing the conditions for a controlled recreation.


QUALITY:
This area is one of the most important migratory stop-over and wintering place at Caspian Sea due to very comfortable shelters and feeding conditions for waterbirds. The huge reed belts provide the excellent places for collonial birds nesting.   IBA RU172 Kizlyar bay overlaps 97 % of the Kizliarskiy part of the Daghestanskiy Zapovednik

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik.Gosudarstvenny prirodny zapovednik"Dagestanskiy". Decree of the Council of Ministries (Sovet Ministrov) RSFSR 09.01.1987 N 6

OTHERCHARACT:
It is situated on the north-western shore of the Caspian sea, and comprises the Kizlyarskiy gulf and the adjacent lowlands. Natural complexes include maritime flooded areas, meadow-swamp, meadow-saline, semi-desert, desert ecosystems and ecosystems of submerged meadows. The site is a key territory for wintering and staging of many species of waterfowl. There are several rare waterbirds, among them there are species listed in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation - Dalmatian (Pelecanus crispus) and White (Pelecanus onocrotalus) pelicans, Greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), Great bustard (Otis tarda), Little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) and others. There are rare and endangered plant species - Water caltrop (Trapa natans), Saw-sedge (Cladium mariscus), Leafless calligonum (Calligonum aphyllum), Sharp-lobed iris (Iris acutiloba), Astragalus lehmanniannus, Eremosparton aphyllum and others.


QUALITY:
The Reserve was organized for protection of unique landscapes of Agrakhanskiy Bay and coastal part of Caspian sea, nesting places and migratory routes of waterbirds. This is one of most important territory for nesting and migrating waterbirfds in eastern Caspian sea-shore. More then 200 birds species were registred here, more then half - were nested or potentially nested. 40 birds species are included in IUCN red List and Russian Red Data Book. It has a great value as refugium of endangered and hunting species. There are some endemic and relict species.IBA RU171 - Agrakhanski Bay (North Agrakhan) overlaps 38 % of the Agrakhanskiy Federal Zakaznik

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Glavokhoty RSFSR from  08.04.1983 щ 115 "About establishment of Gosudarstvenny Prirodny Zakaznik "Agrakhanskiy""


QUALITY:
The Zoological Reserve was organized as protected zone between two protected areas "Zakatal'skiy" in Azerbaidjan and "Lagodekhskiy" in Georgia in 1986. The main aims of the Reserve are to protect endemics and relicts of fauna and flora mountain Caucasus. The hunting species (Ungulates and Brown Bear) are also proteceted at the area. Many endemics are inhabit this site.There are more then 10 rare and endangered fauna species. The territory locates at the upper part of forrest belt, sub-alpina and alpine zones. The picturesque chain of mountain lakes ("The Platea of Sleaping Lakes") are lying along the south-western line (border with Georgia).IBA  RU430 Tlyaratinski reserve coinsides Tlyaratinski Federal Zakaznik

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Glavokhoty RSFSR from 16.12.1986 щ 491  "About establishment of Gosudarstvenny Prirodny Zakaznik "Tlyaratinskiy"

OTHERCHARACT:
Natural complexes of high mountains of the Greater Caucasus in the basins of the rivers Jurmut and Tsemer-Orkak. Mountain-forest and alpine-meadow landscapes. Rare and endangered animal species occur - East Caucasian tur, Wild goat, Maral and others.


QUALITY:
There are endemic birds species which inhabit the territory. There are more than 180 rare and endangered plant species here. Rare animal species are Caucasian snowcock, Golden eagle, Peregrine falcon and others. Totally 1080 plant and animal species were recorded within the site, including 894 plant species and 186 animal species. 3 plant species and 12 animal species are objects of the Red Data Book of Russian Federation; and 89 plant species and 135 animal species are objects of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Ingushetia. There are 10 unique natural monuments in the territory of the site.IBA RU418 Shanskoye ravine is in the ASCI: 10 % overlaps the Erzi Zapovednik and the main part of the IBA locates at the buffer zone of the Zapovednik

DESIGNATION:
Decree of the Government of Russian Federation from 21.12.2000 щ 992 █About establishment of Gosudarstvenny Prirodny Zapovednik "Erzi""

OTHERCHARACT:
High-mountain and middle-mountain zones of the Greater Caucasus in the basin of the Terek. Forest, middle-mountain forest-meadow, middle-mountain meadow-steppe, high-mountain steppe, high-mountain nival-glacial landscape types are characteristic for the site, as well as alpine meadows. Fragmentary karst complexes occur.


QUALITY:
This area covers the high-mountain zone of Central Caucasus and ecosystems of Bokovoy and Glavny Vodorazdelny Cliffs, The ecosystems of alpine mountain zone provide possibility to survive birds of alpine zone. IBA RU168 "Kabardino-Balkarski Nature Reserve" coinsides the Kabardino-Balkarski Zapovednik

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik. Kabardino-Balkarskiy gosudarstvenny prirodny zapovednik. Decree of Council of Ministries (Sovet Ministrov) RSFSR 08.01.1976 N 11.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated in the highest part of the Caucasus. Five natural vegetation belts are conspicuous: nival, subnival, alpine, subalpine and forest. There are 1200 species of vascular plants, among them there are specially protected species - Campanula besenginica, Silene akinfievii, Androsace koso-poljanskii, Stipa pennata, Orchis ustulata. Fauna includes 1 fish species, 1 amphibian species, 3 reptiles species, 128 birds species, 29 mammals species. Rare animal species are protected - Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), Black vulture (Aegypius monachus), Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), Caucasian Black grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi).


QUALITY:
Alpine and subalpine meadows are characterized by a very high level of endemism. The population density of Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum) is very high; it's an endemic relict species, the biggest representative of the heather family.

DESIGNATION:
National Park, Federal level. Natsionalny park "Prielbrus'e". Decree of the Council of Ministries (Sovet Ministrov) RSFSR 22.09.1986 N 407

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is situated in the medium- and high-altitude mountains of the Greater Caucasus. The vegetation is characterized by altitudinal zonality. Mighty belt of coniferous and coniferous-broadleaved forests is changed by a narrow stripe of tree and shrubbery open woodland graduating to the belt of subalpine and alpine meadows, which adjoin to snow patches and firn fields. On the south-facing slopes the bottom zone is represented by a mountain-steppe belt.


QUALITY:
The favourable feeding conditions provide opportunity for mass nesting of waterbirds. Some endangered and threatened waterbirds have been nested here. this water sources has also a great value for staging during mbirds migrations. The 1st part of the Chiornye Zemli Biospere Reserve (MAB) coinsides the ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik. Gosudarstvenny prirodny zapovednik "Chernye zemli". Decree of Council of the Ministries (Sovet Ministrov) RSFSR 11.06.1990 N 191

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated at the joint of two world largest ecosystems - "grass communities of the temperate zone" and "deserts and semideserts (continental) with cold winter". Arid biogeocenoses - xerophytic steppes and semidesert landscapes, ecosystems of sandy massifs, ecotone ecosystems are characterized by a low level of biodiversity caused by a long-term antropogenic influence. A special semidesert natural complex was formed here. The site represents the only habitat for the population of saiga in Europe and the only well-preserved territory used by saiga for rutting and calving. The continental wetland - a salt permanent lake Manych-Gudilo, having an international importance as a waterbirds' habitat, is protected within the site territory. The site plays a key role in the conservation of migratory waterfowl. It supports up to 30% of the world population of Red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis), and one of large lacustrine colonies in Europe of White (Pelecanus onocrotalus) and Dalmatian (Pelecanus crispus) pelicans and Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) - globally endangered species of birds.


QUALITY:
the territory is the place for concentration of waterbirds during migration. Flora numbers not less than 460 species of vascular plants. There are rare and endangered plant species among them - Bellevalia sarmatica, Iris pumila, Delphinium puniceum and others. Vertebrate fauna amounts to more than 270 species, particularly - 31 mammals species, more than 219 birds species (resident, breeding, migrating and staging regularly), 3 amphibian species, 16 reptiles species. Rare and endangered species of the Red Data Book of Russian Federation include - 32 birds species, 8 insects species, 7 plants species. Among rare animals species are White pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus), Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), Red-breasted goose (Rufibrenta ruficollis), Marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna), Predatory Bush cricket (Saga pedo) etc.The 2nd part of the Chiornye Zemli Biospere Reserve (MAB) coinsides the ASCI.ASCI covers 24,5 % of the Ramsar wetlands,1994 - Ozero Manych-Gudilo (Manych-Gudilo Lake); criteria: 1а, 1d, 2b, 3а, 3b, 3c. Main criteria: - 1d - one only water source, 2b - rare species habitat. ASCI covers 55,2 % of the IBA RU165 Lake Manych-Gudilo.

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik. Gosudarstvenny prirodny zapovednik "Rostovskiy". Decree of the Government Russian Federation 27.12.1995 N 1292.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site comprises mesoxerophytic and xerophytic steppes and salines. The site represents a genetic reservation for Tulipa schrenkii - a species from the Red Data Book of Russian Federation. There is a population of feral horses on the district Ostrovnoy.


QUALITY:
The State Zoological reserve was organized due to planning to build the channel between Volga and Chograi and anticipated anthropogenic changes of the territory. The main purpose was to conserve the unique European Saiga population and also species which are included in Russian Red Data Book.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Glavokhoty RSFSR from 12.01.1988 щ 12

OTHERCHARACT:
Deserts and semideserts in the west of the Caspian Sea Lowlands. The relief of the slightly billowy plain is complicated with micro- and meso- topographic lows where drainless saline lakes are situated. The plain has a faint decline to the east. There are Saiga antelope, Red fox, Corsac fox, Russian polecat; Demoiselle crane, Steppe eagle, Long-legged buzzard, Eurasian stone-curlew and other animals.


QUALITY:
The reserve was organiaed for conservation of dry steppe and hemi-arid habitats - optimal Saiga palces - which dramatically decreased due to intensive agriculture. It also has an aim to protect rare animals which are included in Russian Red Data Book (Steppe eagle, Demoiselle Crane, Little Bustard and others) and flora communities.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Glavokhoty RSFSR from 07.07.1987 щ 259

OTHERCHARACT:
North-western part of the Caspian Sea Lowland. A wavy plain with a slight incline towards the south-east, complicated with micro- and meso-settlings, saucer-shaped lows of a round or oval form. Semi-desert and desert plant communities. Rich fauna, including such species as Saiga antelope, Red fox, Corsac fox, Russian polecat, Raccoon dog, as well as rare species (Demoiselle crane, Steppe eagle, Long-legged buzzard, Great bustard, Little bustard).


QUALITY:
The aim of the Reserve is to protect and restore the number of the Saiga and the species, which are included in Russian Red Data Book (Demoiselle Crane, Steppe Eagle, Long-legged Buzzard, Little Bustard and Great Bustard).  400-500 Saigas are inhabited the area during the year. During summer-autumn time some animals come to the Resrve periodically.IBA RU280 Erdnievskaya area overlaps 79 % of the Kharbinskiy Zakaznik and the ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of Glavokhoty from  07.07.1987 щ 259

OTHERCHARACT:
A flat spur of the Volga-Sarpa watershed within the Sapinskaya lowland. Wavy plain with a slight incline towards the south-east; there are micro- and meso-settlings. The altitude of the site is 1,0-1,5 m above the level of the Sarpinskaya lowland. Xerophytic bunchgrass steppes and desert wormwood-bunchgrass steppes are represented, in the western part there are salt marshes; there are also small fragments of steppificated meadows. Rare plant species occur - Tulipa schrenkii, Stipa zalesskii, Stipa pulcherrima, Calophaca wolgarica and others. Rare animal species are Saiga antelope, Demoiselle crane, Imperial eagle, Steppe eagle, Long-legged buzzard and others.


QUALITY:
This area is one of the most important migratory stop-over and wintering place at Caspian Sea due to very comfortable shelters and feeding conditions for waterbirds. The huge reed belts provide the excellent places for collonial birds nesting.


QUALITY:
The area covers high-altitude part of Glavny kavkazskiy Khrebet, more then 83% occupis  altitudes higher 2000 m a.s.l. The mountain belts are well expressed/ There are high diversity of natural ecosystems that determined high biodiversity level.Biosphere Reserve (since 1997) covers Teberdinskiy Zapovednk, or 60 % ASCI;IBA RU167 Teberdinski Nature Reserve coinsides Teberdinskiy Zapovednik, or 60 % of the ASCI;European Diploma for well conserved natural complexes covers Teberdinskiy Zapovednk, or 60 % of the ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik. Gosudarstvenny prirodny biospherny zapovednik "Teberdinskiy". Decree VCIK Sovnarkoma RSFSR 23.01.1936 N 40

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated on the northern macro-slope of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range. More than 150 picturesque lakes of glacial origin are situated at the headstreams of mountain rivers or in their valleys at the heights of 2000-3000 m above sea level. Natural complexes of highlands are represented: at the heights of 1260-2400 m - mountain forests are situated, pine forests sometimes go up to 2500-2550 m, subalpine meadows lie above them. Spruce, pine, fir and beech forests occur; and also plots of feather-grass, fescue and forb-meadow steppes; high-mountain lakes and glaciers. Subalpine and alpine meadows didn't undergo a pasturage during the last 60 years and have no analogs in Russia. Flora includes 1833 species of vascular plants, mosses, lichens and others. There are several rare plant species listed in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation - 26 species of vascular plants, 5 lichen species, 5 fungi species. Totally 226 vertebrate and more than 3000 invertebrate species inhabit the site. Rare animal species from the Red Data Book of Russian Federation are protected here, particularly 20 birds species, 4 mammals species, 1 reptile species, 7 invertebrate species.


QUALITY:
This is the model place of middle-taiga zone of European Russia. The site is of hgh botanical, zoological, ecological and tourist interest. IBA RU 013 Kivach Nature Reserve coinsides Kivach Zapovednik.

DESIGNATION:
State Zapovednik, Federal level. Gosudarstvennyi prirodnyi zapovednik "Kivach". Decree of SNK Karel'skoy ASSR 11.06.1931 N 604.

OTHERCHARACT:
"Kivach"is a typical forest reservate with great amount of rare plant and animal species. One of the biggest water falls of Europe is situated there. Reservate was organized in 1931 as a station of USSR Academy of sciences. The main importance has mature forest, predominately, coniferous, the average age of the trees is 120 years (the age of some trees are 300-350 years). Thee are different types of marshes that covered 5 % of the territory. Kivach Waterfalls is the second large in Europe (the first one is Rhein Waterfalls). The height of the waterfalls is 10.7 meters. It is located on the river Suna in central part of Karelia. The waterfall is surrounded by a natural reserve of the same name


QUALITY:
The territory of Nature reserve comprises extensive area of primeval forests, subjected to small scale selective cuttings only along the shores of water bodies and roads. There were no any logging in the area during the last 50 years. Open mires occupy about 12% of the reserve territory. Small areas of agricultural holdings preserved around the former villages, but they are practically out of any use for more than 40 years and now are gradually overgrowing with bushes.European Diploma for well conserved natural complexes. Transboundary protected area - legislated in the frame of Rusian-Finland Agreement on "Drujba" zapovednik.

DESIGNATION:
State Zapovednik, Federal level. Gosudastvenny prirodny zapovednik "Kostomukshskiy". Decree of Ministries Council (Sovet Ministriv) RSFSR 14.12.1983 N 557.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of Nature reserve presents hummocked plain with maximal heights up to 290 m above the sea level, lying along the east spurs of West-Karelian elevation (Maanselka range). The bedrocks are covered by quaternary deposits, forming moraine ranges and hills up to 30-50 m height. The lake Kamennoe (square- 10,5 sq. Km.) located in the centre of the reserve.  Flora in the area accounts for 363 species of vascular plants and 141 species of lichens. 187 species of terrestrial vertebrates found in the reserve, including 32 species of mammals, 137 species of birds (105 nesting species), 1 reptile species, 3 species of amphibians and 16 species of fishes. Among fishes prevail Salmons. Of significant importance is the population of Salmo salar morpha sebago in Kamennoe lake.


DESIGNATION:
National Park, Federal level. Natsionalny park "Paanayarvi". Decree of Government Russian Federation  20.05.1992  N 331

OTHERCHARACT:
The park is unmatched in Northern Europe in diversity and surviving forest, mires, fresh water ecosystems. The park area as a whole is a plateau lying 300 - 350 m above sea level. The top point is Mt. Nuorunen, the highest mountain in Karelia. The ancient rock base is composed mainly of Lower Proterozoic sedimentary and intrusive complexes of volcanic origin 1.8 - 2.5 billion years old.


QUALITY:
Forest and mires are near virgin status. This area is inhabited by typical taiga flora and fauna species.

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik, Federal level. Natsionalny Park "Vodlozerskiy". Decree of the Council of Ministries (Sovet Ministrov) RSFSR  20.04.1991 N 224

OTHERCHARACT:
The area comprises natural forest, extensive rising and transitional mires, oligo - and mesothrophic waters, boreal meadows at the abandoned agricultural lands. Achean granitoid rocks predominated here. Flat, drumlin and hilly moraine plains are most common in the Park.


DESIGNATION:
Decree of the Government of Rusian Federation from  30.11.2006 щ 1654-р █About establishment of Natsionalny Park "Kaleval'skiy" in Republic of Karelia"


QUALITY:
The Reserve was organized in aims to protect rare and endangered fauna species which included in Russian Red Data Book and also rare and endagered flora species and their habitats. This territory possesses high diversity of landscapes (patch type) that provide optimal conditions for nesting of numerous birds speices and very high density of nested birds. This is a key area for reproduction and migratory concentration. There are also several naural monumets and historic and archeological places.15 % of the IBA RU016 - Zaonezh'ye covers Kizhskiy Federal Reserve.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of the Supreme Council of the Ministries of KASSR from 23.11.1988 щ 307

OTHERCHARACT:
Skerries of the north-western part of the Onega Lake. Habitats of rare animal and plant species, waterfowl and others. Among precious natural objects there is a colony of Lesser black-backed gulls, natural plantings of deciduous species - elm, linden, black alder. There is a museum complex Kizhi in the territory of the site.


QUALITY:
The territory was established for protection and ustainable esploitaiton of important hunting species and also for conservation of endangered species and their habitats, for increasing of effectiveness of Ladoga Lake protection, for conservation of ecosystems of ajacent territory of Eastern Ladoga in Republik of Karelia.IBA RU017 South-eastern coast of lake Ladoga overlaps 5 % of the Olonetskiy Federal Reserve.

DESIGNATION:
Decree of the Council of Ministries of Karelia SSR from 12.11.1985 щ 417

OTHERCHARACT:
Standard natural complexes of the eastern coast of the Ladoga Lake. Wavy glaciolacustrine plateau with birch-pine, pine-birch-spruce and pine forests, in topographic lows - swamps with sedge and sphagnum are widespread. There are sandy ridges up to 8 metres high extended along the coast, with swampy lows with Common reed and Purple marshlocks between them. Shallows in the south are occupied with common reed thickets, and in the north - with stony and sandy beaches. In the structure of flora there are a lot of austral elements and rare plant species, including deciduous species - elm, linden, black alder, Norway maple. The vegetation of sloughy forests of spruce and black alder is very interesting. Brown bear, Gray wolf, Lynx, Eurasian badger, Raccoon dog, Red fox, Mountain hare, European pine marten, Ermine, American mink, North American beaver, European elk, Wild boar and other animals inhabit the site. There are 251 species of birds, including a lot of migratory species, because of the position of the zakaznik within the Belomoro-Baltiysky migratory flyway. Common breeding species are Capercailey, Hazel grouse, Eurasian woodcock, Common snipe, Mallard, Common teal, Common goldeneye. Rare bird species also occur - Smew, Osprey, Black kite, White-tailed eagle, European crane, White-backed woodpecker, on migrations - Red-throated loon, Whooper swan, Bewick's swan, Lesser white-fronted goose, Bean goose, Barnacle goose, Brant goose, Velvet scoter and others.


QUALITY:
ASCI coinsides with the Islands in╨Onega Bay of the White Sea Wetland of the international importance.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Emerald Book of the Russian Federation. Areas of Special Conservation Interest in European Russia. Proposals for Identification. Part 1 / N.A. Sobolev, E.A. Belonovskaya (eds). Moscow, Institute of Geography RAS, 2011-2013. 308 p. (in Russian)2. Zapovedniks of the USSR. Zapovedniks of the Caucasus (Заповедники СССР. Заповедники Кавказа / под общ. ред. В.Е. Соколова, Е.Е. Сыроечковского. М.: Мысль, 1990. 389 с.)3. Zapovedniks and national parks of Russia (Заповедники и национальные парки России. М.: ЛОГАТА, 1998. 160 с.)4. Important Bird Areas of Russia. Vol. 1. IBAs of international importance in European Russia (Ключевые орнитологические территории России. Том 1. Ключевые орнитологические территории международного значения в Европейской России / сост. Т.В. Свиридова. М.: СОПР, 2000. 702 с.)5. Present status of biodiversity on the territory of Russia. Part 1. Vertebrates (Современное состояние биологического разнообразия на заповедных территориях России. вып. 1. Позвоночные животные. М.: МСОП, 2003. 257 с.)6. Present status of biodiversity on the territory of Russia. Part 2. Vascular plants (Современное состояние биологического разнообразия на заповедных территориях России. вып. 2. Ч. 1 и 2. Сосудистые растения. М.: МСОП, 2003. 403 с.; 783 с.)7. Marine and littoral specially protected natural territories and aquatories (Морские и прибрежные особо охраняемые природные территории и акватории (справочник) / под ред. Д.М. Очагова. М.: ВНИИприроды, 2006. 72 с.)8. Reference book of protected areas of the Russian Federation (Сводный список особо охраняемых природных территорий Российской Федерации (справочник) / отв. ред. Д.М. Очагов. М.: ВНИИприроды, 2006. Ч.1 и 2. 348 с.; 364 с.)9. Federal specially protected natural territories of Russia (Федеральные особо охраняемые природные территории России. Справочное издание / под ред. В.В. Горбатовского. М.: МПР России, 2007. 448 с.)10. Vronsky N.V., Amirkhanov A.M. Dagestansky Reserve // Reseves of the USSR. Reserves of the Caucasus. - M., Mysl, 1990. P. 45-49 (in Russian). Н.В. Вронский, А.М. Амирханов. Дагестанский заповедник. // Заповедники СССР. Заповедники Кавказа. — М., Мысль, 1990.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Emerald Book of the Russian Federation. Areas of Special Conservation Interest in European Russia. Proposals for Identification. Part 1 / N.A. Sobolev, E.A. Belonovskaya (eds). Moscow, Institute of Geography RAS, 2011-2013. 308 p. (in Russian)2. Reference book of protected areas of the Russian Federation (Сводный список особо охраняемых природных территорий Российской Федерации (справочник) / отв. ред. Д.М. Очагов. М.: ВНИИприроды, 2006. Ч.1 и 2. 348 с.; 364 с.)3. Federal specially protected natural territories of Russia (Федеральные особо охраняемые природные территории России. Справочное издание / под ред. В.В. Горбатовского. М.: МПР России, 2007. 448 с.)4. Important Bird Areas of Russia. Vol. 3. IBAs of international importance in the Caucasian ecoregion (Ключевые орнитологические территории России. том 3. Ключевые орнитологические территории международного значения в Кавказском экорегионе / под ред. С.А. Букреева, Г.С. Джамирзоева. М.: СОПР, 2009. 302 с.)5. Federal zakazniks of Russia (Федеральные заказники России. М.: Центрохотконтроль, 2001. 179 с.)


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Emerald Book of the Russian Federation. Areas of Special Conservation Interest in European Russia. Proposals for Identification. Part 1 / N.A. Sobolev, E.A. Belonovskaya (eds). Moscow, Institute of Geography RAS, 2011-2013. 308 p. (in Russian)2. Reference book of protected areas of the Russian Federation (Сводный список особо охраняемых природных территорий Российской Федерации (справочник) / отв. ред. Д.М. Очагов. М.: ВНИИприроды, 2006. Ч.1 и 2. 348 с.; 364 с.)3. Federal specially protected natural territories of Russia (Федеральные особо охраняемые природные территории России. Справочное издание / под ред. В.В. Горбатовского. М.: МПР России, 2007. 448 с.)4. Federal zakazniks of Russia (Федеральные заказники России. М.: Центрохотконтроль, 2001. 179 с.)5. Important Bird Areas of Russia. Vol. 3. IBAs of international importance in the Caucasian ecoregion (Ключевые орнитологические территории России. том 3. Ключевые орнитологические территории международного значения в Кавказском экорегионе / под ред. С.А. Букреева, Г.С. Джамирзоева. М.: СОПР, 2009. 302 с.)


DOCUMENTATION:
Emerald Book of the Russian Federation. Areas of Special Conservation Interest in European Russia. Proposals for Identification. Part 1 / N.A. Sobolev, E.A. Belonovskaya (eds). Moscow, Institute of Geography RAS, 2011-2013. 308 p. (in Russian)


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Zapovedniks and national parks of Russia (Заповедники и национальные парки России. М.: ЛОГАТА, 1998. 160 с.)2. Reference book of protected areas of the Russian Federation (Сводный список особо охраняемых природных территорий Российской Федерации (справочник) / отв. ред. Д.М. Очагов. М.: ВНИИприроды, 2006. Ч.1 и 2. 348 с.; 364 с.)3. Federal specially protected natural territories of Russia (Федеральные особо охраняемые природные территории России. Справочное издание / под ред. В.В. Горбатовского. М.: МПР России, 2007. 448 с.)4. Prielbrusye // National Parks of Russia: A Guidebook. I.V. Chebakova. - Moscow: BCC, 1997. P. 110-113. Национальный парк "Приэльбрусье" // Национальные парки России. Справочник / под ред. И.В. Чебаковой. - М.: ЦОДП, 1996. - с. 126-131.5. Fedina A.E., Golovina N.N. Prielbrusye // Reseves of the USSR. National Parks and Preserves. - M., ABF, 1996. P. 70-76 (in Russian)


DOCUMENTATION:
web-portal Specially Protected Natural Areas of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (http://pravitelstvo.kbr.ru/oigv/minprirod/oopt/gku_direktsiya_osobo_okhranyaemykh_prirodnykh_territoriy.php) - in Russian


QUALITY:
Flora includes 600 species of vascular plants. There are 40 species of mammals and more than 200 species of birds.Pechoro-llychskiy Biosphere reserve (MAB, 1985), Natural and Cultural Heritage Object "Primaeval forest of Komi" (Resoluiton of World heritage Committe from 15.12.1995), and the IBA RU038 Pechoro-Ilychski Nature Reserve include the entire ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
State zapovednik, Federal level. "Pechoro-Ilychskiy gosudarstvenny prirodny  biospherny zapovednik"Decree of Sovnarkom RSFSR from 04.05.1930

OTHERCHARACT:
Pechoro-Ilychskiy is situated on the western slopes of the Northern Urals, it covers piedmont plains, hilly piedmonts and mountain ranges up to 1380 m above sea level. Pineries and marshes dominate on plains. Piedmont slopes are covered by coniferous forests of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), Siberian fir (Abies sibirica). Subalpine belt consists of tall-grass and short-grass meadows, and alpine belt - of brushwoods and mountain tundras. The main types of habitats are coniferous woods - 85%; mountain tundra -2%; rivers and streams - 1 %; upland swumps -4%; hillside waste and cliffs - 8%.


QUALITY:
The Virgin Komi Forests cover 3.28 million ha of tundra and mountain tundra in the Urals, as well as one of the most extensive areas of virgin boreal forest remaining in Europe. This vast area of conifers, aspens, birches, peat bogs, rivers and natural lakes has been monitored and studied for over 50 years. It provides valuable evidence of the natural processes affecting biodiversity in the taiga.make up the last European massif of primary forests, almost undisturbed by human activities. This forest is a real treasury of taiga. This area is the home of more than 40 mammal species, 204 bird species (including such Russian Red Data Book birds as erne and fish hawk) and 16 fish species. Natural and Cultural Heritage Site Primaeval forest of Komi (Resoluiton of World heritage Committe from 15.12.1995) includes the entire ASCI. Pechoro-llychskiy Biosphere reserve (MAB, 1985) and the IBA RU038 Pechoro-Ilychski Nature Reserve cover 21 % of the ASCI. IBA RU039 Yugyd va covers 56 % of the ASCI.

DESIGNATION:
Decree Supreme Council of Ministries Komi ASSR from 28.09.1990 щ 200 █About establishment of Gosudarstvenny Prirodny Park in Komi ASSRє

OTHERCHARACT:
The Pechora Lowland, foothills, low-mountain and middle-mountain zones of the Northern and Nether-Polar Urals. The diversity of barren, alpine, mountain tundra and mountain taiga landscapes stretching for 300 km from north to south. The largest massif of primary boreal forests in Europe. Main area of distribution of Siberian pine in Europe. Primordial forests of spruce and fir, with the admixture of Siberian pine on its western area of distribution. Tertiary relic flora. Springheads of spawning rivers.All National Map Numbers: P-40-008, P-40-009, P-40-010, P-40-011, P-40-012, P-40-021, P-40-022, P-40-023, P-40-035, Q-40-083, Q-40-084, Q-40-094, Q-40-095, Q-40-096, Q-40-106, Q-40-107, Q-40-108, Q-40-118, Q-40-119, Q-40-120, Q-40-129, Q-40-130, Q-40-131, Q-40-132, Q-40-140, Q-40-141, Q-40-142, Q-40-143, Q-40-144, Q-41-073, Q-41-085, Q-41-086, Q-41-097, Q-41-098, Q-41-099, Q-41-109, Q-41-110


