# DESIGNATIONSTATUS

DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Parc Natural Comunal de los Vallesde les Valls del Comapedrosa (site number 2204)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
"Idjevan" State sanctuart (including "Corylus colurna" State sanctuary)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Sagne de Pré Rodet, Sagnes de la Burtignière HM 36,37


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Vallée de Joux et Haut-Jura vaudois IFP1022


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Oberengadiner Seenlandschaft und Berninagruppe 1908


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Oberengadiner Seenlandschaft u. Berninagruppe IFP 1908


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Ciossa Antognini ZA 168, Boschetti ZA 167,


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Delta del Ticino e della Verzasca IFP 1802


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Tourbière sous les Plans- les Tésailles BM 1608


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Salwiden BM 3285, Ochsenweid/Schwand/Gwün BM 3286


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Galgenmaad/Schribersmad BM 540, Mösli BM 536


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Rhône genevois-Vallons de l'Allondon et de la Laire


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Naturschutzgebiet Seelhofenzopfen arrêté du 27.3.1953


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Naturschutzreservat Elfenau arrêté du 23.6.1936


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Luncă cu iarba-cîmpului (Bursuceni 1)Luncă cu iarba-cîmpului (Bursuceni 2)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Luncă cu predominarea golomățului Drăgăneşti


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
No 131, 146, 149 Wässermatten in den Tälern etc


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Djerdapska gorge (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Djerdap with surrounding sand grasslands (Important plan


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Subotica lakes and sandy terrain (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Dolina reke Pcinje (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Dolina Pcinje"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Suboticka pescara (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Suboticka pescara"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Vrsacke planine (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Vrsacke planine"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Mokra Gora i Sargan (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Sargan - Mokra Gora"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Proposal:Special Nature Reserve "Suva planina"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Jelasnicka klisura (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Palicko jezero (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Sicevacka klisura (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Klisura reke Miruse sa Koznikom (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Mirusa"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Ovcar-Kablar gorge (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Ovcarsko-Kablarska klisu


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Klisura reke Jerme (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Proposal: Special Nature Reserve "Jerma"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Valjevske mountains (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Proposal:Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Valjevske plani


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Ramsar site No.1656 - Pestersko polje 3RS006


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Klisura reke Tresnjice"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve  "Venerina padina"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Zlot gorge-Dubasnica (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Klisura Lazareve reke kod Zlota (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Natural Monument "Klisura Osanicke reke"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Strict Nature Reserve "Mala jasenova glava"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of outstanding beauty "Ozrenske livade"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Klisura reke Gradac"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Proposal: Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Pancevacke ade


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Proposal: Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Zaovine"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Avala"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Kosmaj"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Proposal: Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Radan"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park "Skolivski Beskydy"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Dunaiskyi Biosphere Reserve (Ukrainian Danube Delta Bio Res


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Park Durmitor with Tara River Canyon


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Tara River basin - Biosfere Reserve (UNESCO - MaB)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Magnilldalen-Busjødalen and 7 other sites...


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Fuglevika, Nordhasselvika, Havika and Steinodden


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Gornje Podunavlje (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Gornje Podunavlje (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Nomination for Ramsar site - Gornje Podunavlje


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
PBA Gornje Podunavlje (Prime buterffly area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Gornje Podunavlje"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Ramsar site No.136 - Obedska bara 3RS001


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Deliblatska pescara (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Deliblatska pescara (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
PBA Deliblatska pescara (Prime buterffly area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Ramsar site No.1655 - Labudovo okno 3RS005


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Deliblatska pescara"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape of Outstanding Qualities "Vlasina"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Sar planina sa klisurom Prizrenske Bistrice


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
PBA Pastrik-Gorozup (Prime buterffly area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
PBA Sar-planina-Brezovica (Prime buterffly area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Tara sa klisurom Belog Rzava (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Ramsar site No.1392 - Slano Kopovo 3RS004


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Stara planina - Vidlic (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Stara planina (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
PBA Stara planina (Prime buterffly area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Jelasnicka klisura"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Koviljsko-Petrovaradinski rit (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Koviljsko-Petrovaradinski rit"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Pasnjaci velike droplje (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Pasnjaci velike droplje"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Selevenjska pustara (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Selevenjske pustare"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Stari Begej-Carska bara (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Ramsar site No.819 - Stari Begej-Carska bara 3RS003


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Special Nature Reserve "Stari Begej-Carska bara"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IBA Uvac-Milesevka (Important bird area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
IPA Kanjon reke Milesevke (Important plant area)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Regional Nature Park "Klisura reke Milesevke"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Park is  part of Biosphere Reserve"Eastern Carpathians"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park "Gomilshanski Lisy"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Interfluve of rivers Dnistro and Turunchak


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park "Zacharovanyi Kray"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Boromlia"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Spadshchanske ozero"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Kaminski pishchanyky"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Monastyrskyi lis"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Dzherelni rozsypy"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Donetskyi kryazh Regional Landscape Park


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Bilosoraiska Bay and Bilosaraiska Split (Ramsar wetland)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Kryva Bay and Kryva Split (Ramsar wetland)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park  "Kremenetski hory"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia "Marina hora"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pechenizhske Pole Regional Landscape Park


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Kremenchuts'ky plavni Regional Landscape Park


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Karmeliukove Podillia National Nature Park


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Gurlo r.Berdy, Berdianska zatoka & Berdianska kosa


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Balka Rossokhovata"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  Dniprovski porohy


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Balka Velyka Osokorivka"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Balka Vorona"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Hruntozakhysne lisonasadzhennia"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  Lisovyi masyv vzdovzh livoho bereha richky Dnipro


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  Ostriv Tavolzhanin


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park  "Biloberezhia Sviatoslava"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Huline"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Boloto Mokh"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Gidrologichnui zakaznyk zagalnoderzhavnogo znachennia "Sered


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia Sokoliata


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  Velykyi lis


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia "Dniprovski porohy"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Ivanivskyi bir"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Kamianskyi lisovyi masyv"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park "Oleshkivski pisky"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Kalynove"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Kivertsivskyi National Nature Park "Tsumanska Pushcha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Regional Landscape Park "Verkhnio-Dnistriovski Beskydy


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park  "Pivnichne Podillia"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Regional Landscape Park "Ravske Roztochya"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park  "Dnistrovskyi Kanion"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Hnylyi rih"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Holube ozero"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Klynovetske"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Belbekskyi kanion"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia "Hirskyi karst Krymu"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Hirskyi karst Krymu"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Karabi-Yaila"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Kub?lach"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zapovidne  urochyshche  "Hirsko-lisovyi masyv u s. Topolivka"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zagalnoderzhavnogo znachenya "Mys Aia"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Nevklianska dacha-1"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Nevklianska dacha-2"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Oleksandrivskyi masyv"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Tupychivska dacha-1"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landshaftnyi zakaznyk zagalnoderzhavnogo znachennia "Pryoril


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Tarutynskyi step"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Tiligulskyi Regional Landscape Park (Odesska oblast)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Tiligulskyi Regional Landscape Park(Mykolaivska oblast)


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zagalnoderzhavnyi Botanical Zakaznik "Zernov's Phyllophora f


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
National Nature Park  "Tuzlovski Lymany"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
The landscape zakaznik of national importance "Kosa Obytichna"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Landscape zakaznik of national importance "Zgarskyi"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
13 protected areas of regional significants "Zakaznyk mistsevogo znachenya" are within the Emerald site


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
6 protected areas of regional significants "Zakaznyk mistsevogo znachenya" are within the Emerald site


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevogo znachenya "Slovechanskyi Kriazh"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
There are five PAs of a category Zakaznyks mistsevogo znachenya


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
There are eight PAs of a category Zapovidne Urochyshche


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
There are two PAs of a category Zakaznyks mistsevogo znachenya


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Regional Landscape Park "Izmailski Ostrovy"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Four PAs: "Borivskyi", "Velukui i Malyi  lumany", "Sadochky", "Pryvorsklianskyi"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Butkivskyi terasnyi park''


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Novobila"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Pryberezhnyi akvalnyi kompleks bilia hory Aiu-Dah"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Akvalnyi kompleks u Arabatskoi strilky"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia   "Novopavlivskyi lis"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia   "Mykhailivskyi step"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Hidrolohichna pamiatka pryrody "Kybikynska krynytsia"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Shariv Kut"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Voloshanska dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Balka Bandurka"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Solonyi Lyman"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Vasylivska koloniia sirykh chapel"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Berezovi kolky"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Starozburivskyi akatsiievyi lis"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Ratsynska Dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Naholnyi Kriazh"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Kreidiana roslynnist bilia sela Kirovo"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Tsilynna dilianka vzdovzh zaliznytsi"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Koloniia sirykh chapel"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Hidrolohichnyi zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Shyinskyi"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Haidamatska balka"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia   "Tsybulivska dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Obodivska Dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Mostky"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Bihatskyi lis"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Borovytska dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Bobrovnia"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia   "Urochyshche Obyima"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Zhovtnevyi bir"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia  "Boloto Supii"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia "Surazka dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Landshaftne nasadzhennia duba"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Lisovi nasadzhennia duba"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Lisovi nasadzhennia sosny z dubom"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Nasadzhennia duba"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Vysokoproduktyvne nasadzhennia sosny z dubom"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia "Lisove nasadzhennia vikovykh dubiv"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia   "Irdynske boloto"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk mistsevoho znachennia   "Rusko-Polianskyi prybolotnyi"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia   "Vikovi duby"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Savranskyi lis"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Turova Dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Urochyshche Dzherela"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia  "Potik Osa"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia   "Zhuravli?vska Dacha"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Zakaznyk zahalnoderzhavnoho znachennia   "Marksova Dubyna"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Pamiatka pryrody mistsevoho znachennia  "Velykyi lis"


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Lypyne”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Protected  Tract (local  importance) “Ozero Tur”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Orihivskyi”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (national importance) Rys’


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance)  Smolnyi


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Protected  Tract (local  importance) “Rozvylka”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (state importance) “Ban’ky”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (state importance) “Korch”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Lysa gora”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Plotnytsia”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Poiarkivskyi”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Teresyny”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Berezovyi”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Slovechanskyi kriazh”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (State importance) “Dibrovskyi”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Dibrovskyi”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Zalavskyi”


DESIGNATEDSITENAME:
Wildlife sanctuary (local importance) “Hradys’kyi”


# EMERALDSITE

QUALITY:
High importance in Andorra - High biodiversity

OTHERCHARACT:
habitat unic in Pyrenees : littles woodlands of Prunus padus subsp borealis


SITENAME:
Parc natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa

DOCUMENTATION:
-BIOCOM (Biologia i Comunicació SL), 2001. Estudi de viabilitat i orientació estratègica per a la creació d’un espai natural protegit a l’àrea del Coma Pedrosa (La Massana).Informe inèdit.-Carrillo, E., Carreras, J., Ferré, A., Mercadé, A., March, S. i Salvat, A., 2007. Catàleg de la flora vascular (Pteridophita i Spermatophyta) de la part est del Parc Natural Comunal de les valls del Comapedrosa (i del parc sencer). Comú de la Massana i Grup de Recerca de Geobotànica i Cartografia de la Vegetació de la Universitat de Barcelona. Informe inèdit.-CARRILLO, E.; MERCADÉ, A.; NINOT, J.M.; CARRERAS, J.; FERRÉ, A. & FONT, X. 2008. Check ‐ list i Llista Vermella de la Flora d’Andorra. Centre d’Estudis de la Neu i la Muntanya d’Andorra (CENMA) de l’Institut d’Estudis Andorrans (IEA), Ministeri d’Ordenament Territorial, Urbanisme i Medi Ambient  ‐ Departament deMedi Ambient-Colell, J., Dalmau, J. i Nicolau, J., 2005. Estudi de la fauna vertebrada rellevant del Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. BIOCOM (Biologia i Comunicació SL) i Comú de la Massana. Informe inèdit.-Dalmau, J. i Martín Rosa, L.M., 2008. Estudi de la migració postnupcial d’ocells passeriformes pel Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. BIOCOM (Biologia i Comunicació SL) i Comú de la Massana. Informe inèdit.-FERRÉ, A.; CARRERAS, J.; CARRILLO, E. & NINOT, J.M. 2003. Avaluació de l’interès naturalístic d’Andorra a partir de la cartografia dels hàbitats, dins CARRERAS J. et al. 2003. Mapa digital dels hàbitats d’Andorra. Centre de Biodiversitat (IEA). Universitat de Barcelona. CD-ROM.-Guixé, D., 2008. La comunitat de ratpenats al Parc Natural del Comapedrosa. Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC) i Comú de la Massana. Informe inèdit.-Orgué, S., 2007. Arbres i arbredes singulars del Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. BIOCOM (Biologia i Comunicació SL) i Comú de la Massana. Informe inèdit.-PÉREZ-HAASE, A.; CARITG, R.; CARRILLO, E.; FERRÉ, A. & CARRERAS, J. 2013. Revisió i actualització del mapa d’hàbitats d’Andorra, a escala 1:25.000. Centre d’Estudis de la Neu i de la Muntanya d’Andorra de l’Institut d’Estudis Andorrans.-Nicolau, J., 2007. Atles preliminar dels micromamífers del Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. BIOCOM (Biologia i Comunicació SL) i Comú de la Massana. Informe inèdit.-Nicolau, J., Dalmau, J., 2008. Llista vermella de la fauna vertebrada d'Andorra. Dovern d'Andorra, Departament de Patrimoni Natural.-Nicolau, J. i Baró, M., 2009. El Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. Planificació i gestió d’un nou espai protegit al Principat d’Andorra. Revista del CENMA 3: 3-11.-Nicolau, J., 2010. Llistat preliminar dels fongs macromicets del Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. BIOCOM (Biologia i Comunicació SL) i Comú de la Massana. Informe inèdit.-Nicolau, J., 2011. Estat actual del coneixement de la flora i els hàbitats CORINE del Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa (Andorra). Actes del IX Col·loqui Internacional de Botánica Pirenaico-cantábrica a Ordino, Andorra: 297-302.-Nicolau, J., Borredà, V. i Martínez-Ortí, A., 2011. Contribució al coneixement de la fauna invertebrada del Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. Catàlegs preliminars dels lepidòpters ropalòcers, els ortòpters i els mol·luscs. Revista del CENMA 6: 22-33.-Nicolau, J., 2013. Amfibis i rèptils del Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa. Rastres. La revista que t’apropa a la fauna salvatge 4: 6-11.- Govern d'Andorra-RIBA, S. 2002. Inventari i estudi de les molleres i patamolls d’Andorra: Primera fase. Departament de Medi Ambient. Govern d’Andorra. Document inèdit.-RIBA, S, 2008-2011. Monitoratge de les zones humides 2008, 2009 i 2010-2011. Departament de Medi Ambient. Govern d’Andorra. 3 documents inèdits.

DESIGNATION:
Declaration of the “Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa” on July 27th 2006 (https://www.bopa.ad/bopa/018062/Pagines/4610A.aspx); previously declared as “Parc Natural de les Valls del Coma Pedrosa” on December 19th 2003 (https://www.bopa.ad/bopa/015091/Pagines/31D3E.aspx).

OTHERCHARACT:
The effect of the quaternary glaciations on the landscape is very evident in the park. The glacial erosion created a very abrupt landscape, presided over by ridges and peaks. The latter include the peak of Comapedrosa (2.942 m), the highest peak in Andorra. Other prominent peaks with altitudes exceeding 2.900 m, are Roca Entravessada (2.927 m) and Medacorba (2.913 m). The park also protects the best representation of glacial lakes in western Andorra, which are divided into six different groups. These include those located at the highest altitude in Andorra (Estany de Més Amunt dels Forcats; located at 2.714 m). Some areas of the park are regularly affected by avalanches. These create open areas that are found in different stages of natural succession. Very rare volcanic rocks, at least in the Andorran context, also have been found in the park (rhyolitic tuffs). Another important feature of the park is the presence of mature forests with old-growth trees. 57 trees of high interest have been inventoried, some of them more than 300 years old.


SITENAME:
"Llogara" National Park / Parku Kombetar i Llogarase

DOCUMENTATION:
Baldacci A., Escursione botanica allo scoglio di Saseno. Bul. Soc. Bot. It., 1893.Hoda P., Studim gjeobotanik i formacionit te pishes se zeze (Pinus nigra Arn.) ne vendin tone., in Departamenti i Biologjise, F.Sh.N.,. 1989, Universiteti i Tiranes: Tirana. p. 140.DisertacionVangjeli J., Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit - Pinus heldreichii Crist subsp. leucodermis ( Antoine ) Markgraf ne Shqiperi, in Inst. Kerk.Biologjike. 1982, Akademia e Shkencave: Tirane.Haxhiu I.,1998 - The Reptilia of Albania.Bonn.Beit.48.Grup autoresh,1997 - Libri i Kuq (Bime, Kafshe, Shoqerime bimore)(Botim i NgO).Tirane. Bego F., 1997 - Kontribut ne njohjen e gjitareve te vegjel ( Mammalia,        Insektivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia ) te Shqiperise: te dhena taksonomike, bioekologjike dhe biogjeografike. (Disertacion). Universiteti i Tiranes. FSHN.165 faqe. Bino T., - (Personal observations).

QUALITY:
One of the best preserved areas, with high biodiversity values, especially for some endemic ( Hypericum haplophylloides), subendemic ( Petteria ramentacea) and relict (Taxus baccata) plant species. The site is very important also for mammals ( Sciurus vulgaris, Apodemus mystacinus, Buteo rufinus etc). It is the only place where Pitymus felteni has been recorded for Albania so far. The most important birds are Dendrocopos syriacus, D. major, Dryocopus martius, etc.The site ( from 0 m at the sea level up to 2018 m ) has potentially many possibilities for the developement of ecotourism.

OTHERCHARACT:
A variety of habitats, starting from the sea level to high mountains peaks ( more than 2000m .) Mainly dominated by a mixed coniferous-broadleaved.


SITENAME:
Divjaka National Park / Parku Kombetar i Divjakes

DOCUMENTATION:
* Mullaj A., 1989 - Vegjetacioni bregdetar i Shqiperise (Disertacion) * Ruci B., Mullaj A., Vangjeli J., 1995. Vegjetacioni i lagunes se Karavastase dhe zones perreth saj.Pun.Inst.Kerk.Bol. (10), 12-22* Bino T.,( In preparation) - Nesting waterbirds of Caravasta complex. 9p. In.Zekhuis M. & Tempelman D., (Editors) Nesting waterbirds of Albania, WIWO - Report ( In Prep.) * Bego F., 1997 - Kontribut ne njohjen e gjitareve te vegjel (Mammalia, Insektivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia ) te Shqiperise: te dhena taksonomike, bioekologjike dhe biogjeografike. (Disertacion). Universiteti i Tiranes. FSHN.165 faqe.

QUALITY:
It is one of the two Ramsar sites of Albania. Karavasta is the most famous IBA of Albania.The site shelters 10 Globally Threatened Species of birds. For 6 species Karavasta holds more than 1% of the regional population. The mediterranean pine forest is also very important, with some rare, threatened and endemic plant species.

DESIGNATION:
By Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 96, of November 21st, 1966, the forest part with an area of 1250 ha is declared as "National Park".By Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 413, of August 8th, 1996, Karavasta lagoon and Divjaka Park are declared "Particularly protected natural ecosystem to be included in the Ramsar Convention list of protected wetlands".

OTHERCHARACT:
Dominated mainly by the lagoon and the mediterranean pine forest (Pinus Pinea, Pinus halepensis), but there are a lot of different important habitats as river deltas, sand dunes, psamophyte, halophyte, hydrophyte and hygrophyte vegetation.


SITENAME:
Prespa National Park (Parku Kombetar i Prespes)

DOCUMENTATION:
Qosja Xh.,1979 -Vegjetacioni dhe Flora e Shqiperise Juglindore (Disertacion)                      Tirane. Mersinllari M.199. Te dhena mbi bimesine e Malit me gropa. (Doreshkrim) Fremuth W. Armin Schopp-Guth, Hoda P., Mersinllari M., Dinga L.,, Assessment of                the sustainable use of medicinal plants from the Ohrid and Prespa                        region, . 1999.Bino T. & Jorgo G.,               1998 - Ornithological importance of the Albanian part of Ohrid               and Prespa lakes. p. 165-171. In PPNEAeds. Towards integrated               conservation and sustainable development of trans-boundary               Macro-Micro Prespa ecosystems. 215 pHaxhiu I., 1998 - The Reptilia of Albania: Species composition, distribution,                         habitats.. Zool. Beitr. Bonn.

QUALITY:
Dry pastures and damaged forests, with some interesting plant species, such as Sideritis raeseri, Potentilla detommasii, Oxytropis urumovii etc. Important site, especially for Sus  scrofa, Miniopterus schreibersi, etc. as well as for some cave-dwelling bats, that are all protected species.

DESIGNATION:
By Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 80, of February 2nd, 1999 the area of "Prespa e madhe" and "Prespa e vogel" with an area of 27'750 ha is declared as "National Park".

OTHERCHARACT:
Transboundary lakes and eastern part of Mali i Thate ( 2287m), mainly composed of oak woodland, beech woodland and water vegetationVery attractive landscape, with high values for ecotourism. An interesting cave (Treni cave), with archeological and biospeleological values.One of the Albanian IBAs.Fulfils the Ramsar criteria concerning the number of wintering birds


SITENAME:
Butrinti National Park  (Parku Kombetar i Butrintit)

DOCUMENTATION:
* Mullaj A., 1989 - Vegjetacioni bregdetar i Shqiperise (Disertacion).* Bego F., 1997 - Kontribut ne njohjen e  gjitareve te vegjel ( Mammalia,               Insektivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia) te Shqiperise: te dhena taksonomike,bioekologjike dhe biogjeografike. (Disertacion). * Haxhiu I., 1994 - The Herpetofauna of Albania : Amphibia, Species composition, Distribution, Habitats, Zool. Jb. Syst. Bonn* Bino T., Brew M., Casale F., Erhart F., Richardson J., & Bego F., 1997 - Ornithological observation in Albania (7-14 April 1996). Rapport  de ASPBM et   LIPU.

QUALITY:
The site is an important IBA for wintering and migratory birds of the region,such as Ardeolla ralloides, Egretta alba, Pelecanus crispus, etc.It is also important place for Lutra lutra.The evergreen woodland is small but interesting.

OTHERCHARACT:
The main components of the site are the lake, the lagoon and a small but typical meditarranean forest.


DOCUMENTATION:
Vangjeli J.,1982 - Mbi disa te dhena floristike dhe fitosociologjike te pyllit me artin te bardhe ne Balgjaj. BSHN.(1), 93-99. Grup autoresh,1977 - Libri i Kuq ( Bime, Shoqerime bimore dhe Kafshe te Rrezikuara) Tirane.

QUALITY:
The site is dominated by  virgine natural forest of Pinus peuce, a relict species that must be under strict protection. The site is hosting and offering habitats and shelter for a number of rare and threatened mammal and bird species such as  Ursus arctos, Lynx lynx, Canis lupus, Capreolus capreolus,   Tetrao urogallus, Gyps fulvus etc. The site offers, also,   particular landscape and geological values. The presence of glacial lakes brings other specific features and values to thesite.

DESIGNATION:
The "Allamani's forest" is proposed as a strict protected area by the Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Protection.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is represented by scarce and pure Pinus peuce forest. In the high level of the site the Pinetum peucis-leucodermis community and Seslerio-Pineto leucodermis occur. The lakes are covered mainly by Myriophyllo-Nupharetum lutea community.


SITENAME:
Tomorri National Park (Parku Kombetar Tomorri)

DOCUMENTATION:
Vangjeli J., 1982 - Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit - Pinus leucodermis - ne Shqiperi.           (Disertacion.)Vangjeli J., Ruci B., Mullaj A., 1995 - Libri i Kuq - Bimet e rralla e te kercenuara te           ShqiperiseHoda P. et al..,1998 - Preliminary Phytosociological Conspectus of Albanian Plant           Communities ( Report for Darwin Initiative Program- Lancaster, UK)Bego F., 1999 - Personal Observations ( Unpublished). KayserY, Bino T., & Gauthier-Clerc M., 1995. Recensement des oiseaux                     d'hivernants en Albanie. 17 Janvier - 7 Fevrier 1995. Rapport de la Station           Biologique de la Tour de Valat. 79 ppHabili D,et al,1997 - Vezhgim ekologjik i pyjeve te larte te               Shqiperise

QUALITY:
High value of biodiversity, especially of endemic, rare and threatened plant taxons. Important area also for mamals and birds, linked with high forests and subalpine and alpine communities.

DESIGNATION:
By Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 102, of January 15th, 1996, the mountainous area of Mali i Tomorrit, with an area of 4000 ha, is declared as "National Park".

OTHERCHARACT:
Dominated mainly of Bosnian pine forest and (but in smaller quantity) of beech forest. There are  also pastures at the upper level of the site.


SITENAME:
Dajti National Park  (Parku Kombetar i Dajtit)

DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1966 DCM - no 96, "Designation of the Forests National Parks"ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT Regulation - no 3213, 1986, "On Administration, Establishment Criteria, Treatment and Maintenance of the National Forests Parks", chapter 1, point 7  PHARE, 1997. Plan for Conservation and Management of Dajti NP, Albania. WWF. Final Report, pp. 88NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.ALBANIAN PARLIAMENT 2002 Law - no 8606, 2002 "On Protected Areas" ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 2003 DCM- no 266, "Administrations of the Protected Area" ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 2003 DCM- no 267, "Procedures to propose and declare the Protected Areas and its Buffer Zone).DGFP 2005 The New Management Plan for Dajti National Park, Albania. DHV Agriculture and Natural Resources BV in association with Halcrow  Rural Management, UK and DIAVA, Albania.DEMIRI M., 1983 - Flora eksursioniste e Shqipërisë. Tiranë.HODA P., 1989 -- Studim gjeobotanik i pyjeve të pishës së zezë (Pinus nigra Arn.) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.KALAJNXHIU A., PROKO A., HODA P.-2004 Mbi florën e Parkut Kombëtar të Dajtit. Rev. shqipt. e Shkencave Bujqësore. 2004, 3(4), p: 24-28. TiranëMERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.QOSJA XH., 1989 - Karakteristika korologjike të florës së Shqipërisë. Studime Biologjike Tiranë No 7, fq. 36 - 41.SHKURTAJ G.1998-Mbi floren e bimesine e Parkut Kombetar te Dajtit (Teze diplome. Fak.Shk.Nat.)VANGJELI J., 1982 -- Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit (Pinus heldreichii Christ subsp. Leucodermis (Antoine) Markgraf) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., RUÇI B., MULLAJ A. 1995 - Libri i kuq-Bimët e kërcënuara e të rralla të Shqipërisë. Akademia e Shkencave Tiranë.

QUALITY:
Dajti National Park is one of the most important natural areas of Albania because of its rich and diverse wildlife (plant and animals) heritage. This is largely explained by the geographical position of Dajti National Park (on the transition zone between Mediterranean and Central European Vegetation zones, its location near to the sea and the topography (high altitude amplitudes). The wide range of habitats include Mediterranean shrubs ('maquis'), mixed woodlands (oak forests, chestnut forests), beach forests, mixed forests of beech and fir, pine forests, grasslands, sub-alpine meadows, water reservoirs, streams and springs, wet meadows, cliffs, caves and so on.In the total territory of Dajti National Park, more than 750 vascular plant species have been identified, which is equivalent to about 23% of the entire Albanian flora, and inlcude some of the most endangered species as Ramonda serbica, Taxus baccata, Satureja Montana, Pinus leucodermis.Dajti National Park area is hosting many species of global conservation interest, including 14 species of mammals (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rh. blasii, Rh. euryale, Rh.hipposideros, Myotis myotis, M, capaccinni, Miniopterus schreibersi, Lutra lutra, Mus spicilegus, Microtus thomasi, Glis glis, Dryomys nitedula, Muscardinus avellanarius, Sciurus vulgaris); 3 species of reptiles (Emys orbicularis, Testudo hermanni and Elaphe situla), 2 species of amphibians (Triturus cristatus and Hyla arborea) and 4 species of insects (Osmoderma aremita, Cerambyx cerdo, Rosalia alpina, and Maculinea alcon).

DESIGNATION:
Dajti National Forest Park was designated for its biological and tourist values on December 16th 1960. In 1966, Dajti National Forest Park area was extended to 3300 hectares. In 1996-1997 a management plan, prepared by the WWF Italy funded by the European Union PHARE Program, proposed that the Dajti National Park area should be extended to cover an area of 11.877 hectares.Adjacent to the Dajti National Forest Park is the Protected Game Reserve of Qafemolle established as a hunting reserve in 1966, with an area of 3300 hectares.The new management plan for the Dajti National Park approved by the Ministry of Environment on 2005 merge these two protected areas and propose the designation of a National Park with an area of 29,384 hectares. This proposal is not approved by the Government yet.

OTHERCHARACT:
Dominated by maquis and decidous forests (mainly beech and oak forest).


SITENAME:
Protected landscape of the wetland complex Vjose - Narte. (Peisazhi i Mbrojtur i sistemit ligatinor Vjose-Narte)

DOCUMENTATION:
GEF/UNDP 2004 Protected Landscape of Vjose-Narta Mangement plan. MedWetCoast project "Conservation of Wetland and Coastal Ecosystem in Mediterranean Region".UNEP -B.P/R.A.C., 1988. The Blue Plan. Future of the Mediterranean Basin. Environment-Development 2000-2025. Executive Summary and Suggestions for Action. UNEP & MAP, 1996. Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP) in Albania. Phase I and II.NEA, 1999. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan-Albania. NEA (today's Ministry of Environment)MoE & RAC/SPA, 2002. Strategic Action Plan for the conservation of marine and coastal Biodiversity (BIO-SAP). National ReportIUCN, 2001. Redlist of Globally Threatened SpeciesAcademy of Sciences. 1988, 1992, 1996. The Flora of Albania, 1,2,3 vol., Tirana. Albania.Academy of Sciences 1995. The Red Book. Flora. Tirana. Albania.Baldacci, A, & Beguinot, A. 1918 - Contributo alla flora autumnale ed invernale e dei dintorni di Valona. Nuove Giorn. Bot. It.Buzo, K. 1979: Flora e vegetazione al delta Vjosa. Villagio Globale, trimestrale di ecologia. Dossier Albania . Nr.10., pg. 103-108.Giugno 2000. Bari. Italy tone. Tirane.Demiri, 1983: M. Flora ekskursioniste e Shqiperise. TiraneGolz, P & Reinhard, H. R, 1984: Die Orchideen Flora Albaniens. Baden- Wurtt. Markgraf, F. 1932: Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Stutgard. Mitrushi, I. 1955: Druret dhe shkurret e Shqiperise. Tirane 1955Mitrushi, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqiperise. Tirane.Mullaj, A. 1989: The Coastal vegetation of Albania. PHD Thesis, Tirana, AlbaniaMullaj.A. & etc. 1999: Flora and vegetation of Vlora Bay, Biological Studies, Nr.1\1999 Tirana, AlbaniaPaparisto, K, etj. 1961: Flora e Tiranes. Tirane. Qosja, XH. 1983. Disa konsiderata teoriko praktike mbi vegjetacionin bregdetar te vendit tone. Punime te QKB.Nr.3.REC, 1997. The Red Book, (Bime, shoqerime bimore dhe kafshe te rrezikuara). Tirana. AlbaniaRuci, B. & Vangjeli, J. 1966: Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin e ujrave te embla dhe floren hidro e higrofile te Shqiperise. Tirane.Ruci, B & Mullaj, A. 1994 Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin e Lagunes se Karavastase e zones perreth saj. Punime te QKB. Nr. 10.Bino, T. 1998. L'avifaune aquatique du systeme lagunaire mediterraneen de Karavasta (Albanie) et sa conservation. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Montpellier II Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc. 216 pp.Defos du Rau, P. & Bino, T. 1998. The colonial charadriiformes of Narta saltworks : Recommendations for management and conservation.p. 130-133. In Zekhuis, M. & Tempelman, D. (editors). Breeding birds of the Albanian Wetlands. WIWO - Report Nr. 64, Zeist.Hagemeijer, W.J.M., Schepers, F. & Hallmann, B. 1993. Wintering waterbirds in the coastal wetlands of Albania, 1993. WIWO-Report Nr. 49.Lamani, F. et Puzanov, V. 1962. Inventarizimi i shpendeve te Shqiperise. Buletini i Shkencave Natyrore 3, 4. 87-101.Rose, P. M. & Scott, D.A. 1997. Waterfowl population estimates - Second Edition. Wetlands International Publication 44. Wageningen, The Netherlands.Tempelman D. & Defos du Rau, P. 1998. Nesting waterbirds of Narta complex. p. 50-56. In Zekhuis, M. & Tempelman, D. (editors). Breeding birds of the Albanian Wetlands. WIWO - Report Nr. 64, Zeist.Zekhuist, M. J.  & Tempelman, D. 1998. Breeding waterbirds of the Albanian wetlands, spring 1996. WIWO-report Nr. 64, Zeist.ATKINSON R.I., 1990.  The main threatened animal species of Albania (In WCMC Animal Database. WCMC Cambridge, UK. September 1990. Vol.2. Pp 170BEGO F., 1997. Current threat status of the mammals of Albania. In Libri i Kuq i Bimeve, Shoqerimeve Bimore dhe Kafsheve te Shqiperise. REC-Hungary: 310 ppHANAK V., LAMANI F., MURRAJ Xh., 1961. Te dhena nga perhapja e lakuriqeve te nates (Chiroptera) ne Shqiperi. Univ. i Tiranes, Bul. Shk. Nat., No.3, 124-158KOÇI V., 1961. Manual i gjuetise. Botim i Ministrise se Bujqesise. TiraneP. Qirjazi, F. Bego, 1999. Natural Monuments of Albania; 116 ppJ. Vangjeli, D. Habili, F. Bego, B. Ruci, 1997: Ecological Survey of the High Forest Areas of Albania - (Copyright World Bank): 331ppMima M, Fitoka E, Bego F. 2004. Wetland Inventory in Albania. Special Publication produced in the framework of the project: Wetland Inventory in Albania, financed by the Greek Environmental Ministry, under DAC programme.

QUALITY:
The site is an important distribution area for a high number of plant species (800 vascular plants), animals including moluscs, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and especially birds (at least 749 species of animals). A good number of species belong to categories threatened either nationally or internationally. Narta is a site of worldwide conservation interest since it shelters 26 Globally Threatened species. The site's importance is shown also by the presence of 118 species protected nationally and internationally. Narta is a stronghold of biodiversity in Albania.Vjose-Narta is a Landscape Protected Area and one of the top IBAs of Albania. The site shelters 6 Globally Threatened Species of birds.

DESIGNATION:
Protected Landscape, established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 51 date 17.05.2004

OTHERCHARACT:
The wetland complex of Vjosa-Narta is distinguished for its diversity of habitats and its richness in flora and fauna species. Many of them are of have a conservation value at international, national, and regional level. A wide range of habitats, typical to wetland sites, include Mediterranean shrubs and maquis in the hill range, alluvial forests bordering Vjosa River, fresh water bodies at Zverneci or Panaja hills, coastal lagoons of Narta and Kallenga, salt marshes of Akernia etc.


SITENAME:
Managed Nature Reserve (Albanian part) of Shkodra lake / Rezerva Natyrore e Menaxhuar e Liqenit te Shkodres  (pjesa shqiptare)

DOCUMENTATION:
NEA, 1999. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan-Albania. NEA (today's Ministry of Environment)IUCN, 2001. Redlist of Globally Threatened SpeciesAcademy of Sciences. 1988, 1992, 1996. The Flora of Albania, 1,2,3 vol., Tirana. Albania.Academy of Sciences 1995. The Red Book. Flora. Tirana. Albania.Demiri, 1983: M. Flora ekskursioniste e Shqiperise. TiraneMarkgraf, F. 1932: Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Stutgard. Mitrushi, I. 1955: Druret dhe shkurret e Shqiperise. Tirane 1955Mitrushi, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqiperise. Tirane.REC, 1997. The Red Book, (Bime, shoqerime bimore dhe kafshe te rrezikuara). Tirana. AlbaniaRuci B., 1983 - Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin dhe floren e liqenit te Shkodres. BSHN.(3,4). Dhora Dh. etc.,1996- Liqeni i Shkodres. Broshure Ruci, B. & Vangjeli, J. 1966: Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin e ujrave te embla dhe floren hidro e higrofile te Shqiperise. Tirane.Lamani, F. et Puzanov, V. 1962. Inventarizimi i shpendeve te Shqiperise. Buletini i Shkencave Natyrore 3, 4. 87-101.Rose, P. M. & Scott, D.A. 1997. Waterfowl population estimates - Second Edition. Wetlands International Publication 44. Wageningen, The Netherlands.Zekhuist, M. J.  & Tempelman, D. 1998. Breeding waterbirds of the Albanian wetlands, spring 1996. WIWO-report Nr. 64, Zeist.Atkinson R.I., 1990.  The main threatened animal species of Albania (In WCMC Animal Database. WCMC Cambridge, UK. September 1990. Vol.2. Pp 170Bego F., 1997. Current threat status of the mammals of Albania. In Libri i Kuq i Bimeve, Shoqerimeve Bimore dhe Kafsheve te Shqiperise. REC-Hungary: 310 ppP. Qirjazi, F. Bego, 1999. Natural Monuments of Albania; 116 ppJ. Vangjeli, D. Habili, F. Bego, B. Ruci, 1997: Ecological Survey of the High Forest Areas of Albania - (Copyright World Bank): 331pp

QUALITY:
The site is an Important Bird Area for Europe hosting about 40 bird species, including the globally endangered specie of Phalacrocorax pygmeus. Shkodra nature Managed Reserve is an IBAs and a Ramsar Site. The site shelters several Globally Threatened Species of birds.The lake is home for some 45 fish species including the endengered species of Acipenser sturio. The area is rich in aquatic vegetation including some endemic and endengered spesies like Nymphaea alba, Nuphar luteum, Nymphoides peltata, and Trapa natans.

DESIGNATION:
Natural Managed Reserve (IUCN Category IV), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 684, date 02.11.2005

OTHERCHARACT:
This is the biggest lake in the Balkan peninsula. It is and important area for trans-boundary biodiversity protection (the Montenegrin part of the like is already designated as a National Park and a Ramsar site. The site includes a variety of habitats as the lake, under water meadows, floating meadows, peat lands, forests, etc.


DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1966 DCM - no 96, "Designation of the Forests National Parks"ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT Regulation - no 3213, 1986, "On Administration, Establishment Criteria, Treatment and Maintenance of the National Forests Parks", chapter 1, point 7  NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.IKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.MERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.QOSJA XH., 1989 - Karakteristika korologjike të florës së Shqipërisë. Studime Biologjike Tiranë No 7, fq. 36 - 41.VANGJELI J., 1982 -- Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit (Pinus heldreichii Christ subsp. Leucodermis (Antoine) Markgraf) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., RUÇI B., MULLAJ A. 1995 - Libri i kuq-Bimët e kërcënuara e të rralla të Shqipërisë. Akademia e Shkencave Tiranë.

QUALITY:
The Alps consist of characteristic mountainous ecosystems of Albania. They are part of the Dinaric Arc mountain range and are very important in the trans-boundary preservation of valuable mountainous forest ecosystems. The area is mainly covered by forests and meadows. It includes one of the few Albanian sites with naturally grown spruce trees (Picea Abies). The area is rich in endemic species as Wulfenia baldaccii, Dioscorea balcanica, etc. The area is also important for several fauna species, especially for those requiring large undisturbed forest ecosystems as chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx), brown bear (Ursus Arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), capercaille (Tetrao urogallus), etc.

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called National Park "Alps" (70'000 ha).National Park "Thethi" (2630 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 96, date 21.11.1966.National Park "Lugina e Valbones" (8000 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 102, date 15.01.1996.Strict Nature Reserve "Lumi i Gashit" (3000 ha) (IUCN Category I) established by Deciosion of Council of Mnisters No. 102, date 15.01.1996

OTHERCHARACT:
"A very interesting geomorphological complex, with plenty of different landscapes and habitats. One of the best preserved areas in Albania. The site is dominated by beech, coniferous and mixed forests, as well as by alpine and subalpine meadows. Very interesting also for a high number of endemics, subendemics and balkan species."


DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1966 DCM - no 96, "Designation of the Forests National Parks"ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT Regulation - no 3213, 1986, "On Administration, Establishment Criteria, Treatment and Maintenance of the National Forests Parks", chapter 1, point 7  NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.IKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.MERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.QOSJA XH., 1989 - Karakteristika korologjike të florës së Shqipërisë. Studime Biologjike Tiranë No 7, fq. 36 - 41.VANGJELI J., 1982 -- Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit (Pinus heldreichii Christ subsp. Leucodermis (Antoine) Markgraf) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., RUÇI B., MULLAJ A. 1995 - Libri i kuq-Bimët e kërcënuara e të rralla të Shqipërisë. Akademia e Shkencave Tiranë.DPPK 2001-2003 Planet e menaxhimit te ekonomive Pyjore "Lura 1", "Lura 2", Krej-Lure-Arremolle", "Kunore-Valmure", "Mbasdeje-Zall Gjocaj"

QUALITY:
The site "Kurora e Lures-Kunore Valmore-Zall-Gjocaj" includes some of the most beautiful and interesting natural landscapes of Albania. The area is well-known for its alpine lake system (several beautiful alpine lakes) and important natural habitats. The area offers several ecosystems as different forest types, including endangered species as Pinus Peuce and Pinus leucodermis, alpine meadows and wetlands. The area is rich in endemic species as Forsythia europaea, Brachypodium albanicum), Gentiana lutea, Numphaea alba, Nyphar luteum, etc The area is also important for several fauna species, especially for those requiring large undisturbed forest ecosystems as chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx), brown bear (Ursus Arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), capercaille (Tetrao urogallus), eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), etc.

DESIGNATION:
N, P, "Lura" (1280 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 96, date 21.11.1966.N. P, "Zall Gjocaj" (140 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 102, date 15.01.1996.

OTHERCHARACT:
One of the most diverse and  interesting areas of Albania, with high  biodiversity values, but mostly damaged during the last 15 years. A nice combination of woods, scrubs, aquatic communitites and very rich in Balkan and albanian endemic species, such as Silene sendtneri, Trifolium albanicum, Lilium carniolicum subsp. albanicum, etc.


SITENAME:
Bredhi Hotoves-Dangelli National Park / Parku Kombetar Bredhi i Hotoves-Dangelli.

DOCUMENTATION:
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.IKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.MERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.QOSJA XH., 1989 - Karakteristika korologjike të florës së Shqipërisë. Studime Biologjike Tiranë No 7, fq. 36 - 41.VANGJELI J., 1982 -- Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit (Pinus heldreichii Christ subsp. Leucodermis (Antoine) Markgraf) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., RUÇI B., MULLAJ A. 1995 - Libri i kuq-Bimët e kërcënuara e të rralla të Shqipërisë. Akademia e Shkencave Tiranë.

QUALITY:
The site "Bredhi i Hotoves-Dangelli" is considered as an important relict site of Mediterranean vegetation. It includes amazing fir forests with Macedonian fir (Abies borisi-regis), pure or mixed with other broadleaved species (oaks, maple, hornbeam), as well as a unique mixture of Mediterranean shrubs, especially Arbutus unedo and Arbutus andrachne (this last one is growing at its north-western border of its distribution area). The area is rich in endemic species and there are several important wildlife species breeding there.

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called National Park "Bredhi i Hotoves-Dangelli" (15'000 ha).National Park "Bredhi i Hotoves" (1200 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 102, date 15.01.1996.

OTHERCHARACT:
The most representative area covered by woods with Abies borisii-regis in Albania. Very well protected.


DOCUMENTATION:
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1995. The Red Book. Flora. Tirana. Albania.ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 1988, 1992, 1996. The Flora of Albania, 1,2,3 vol., Tirana. Albania.ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1966 DCM - no 96, "Designation of the Forests National Parks"ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT Regulation - no 3213, 1986, "On Administration, Establishment Criteria, Treatment and Maintenance of the National Forests Parks", chapter 1, point 7  ATKINSON R.I., 1990.  The main threatened animal species of Albania (In WCMC Animal Database. WCMC Cambridge, UK. September 1990. Vol.2. Pp 170BEGO F., 1997. Current threat status of the mammals of Albania. In Libri i Kuq i Bimeve, Shoqerimeve Bimore dhe Kafsheve te Shqiperise. REC-Hungary: 310 ppDEMIRI, 1983: M. Flora ekskursioniste e Shqiperise. TiraneIKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.IUCN, 2001. Redlist of Globally Threatened SpeciesMARKGRAF, F. 1932: Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Stutgard. MERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.MITRUSHI, I. 1955: Druret dhe shkurret e Shqiperise. Tirane 1955MITRUSHI, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqiperise. Tirane.NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.P. QIRJAZI, F. BEGO, 1999. Natural Monuments of Albania; 116 ppQOSJA XH., 1989 - Karakteristika korologjike të florës së Shqipërisë. Studime Biologjike Tiranë No 7, fq. 36 - 41.REC, 1997. The Red Book, (Bime, shoqerime bimore dhe kafshe te rrezikuara). Tirana. AlbaniaVANGJELI J., 1982 -- Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit (Pinus heldreichii Christ subsp. Leucodermis (Antoine) Markgraf) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., RUÇI B., MULLAJ A. 1995 - Libri i kuq-Bimët e kërcënuara e të rralla të Shqipërisë. Akademia e Shkencave Tiranë.

QUALITY:
The site "Morava" includes some very interesting landscapes of the south-eastern part of Albania. The area consists of a variety of ecosystems and important habitats, mainly beech and oak forests. There is a beautiful Betula forest growing within this area. The area is rich in endemic and rare species. It is home for several wildlife species and especially it provides an ecological corridor to large mammals as brown bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), lynx (Felis lynx), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), deer (Capreolus capreolus), becoming an important site at regional level (Balkan peninsula).

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the Protected Landscape "Morava" (30'000 ha).National Park "Bredhi i Drenoves" (1380 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 96, date 21.11.1966.Protected Landscape "Nikolica" (510 ha) (IUCN Category V), established by Decision of Council of  Minister No. 102, date 15.01.1996.Natural Managed Reserve "Cangonj" (250 ha) (IUCN Category IV), established by Decision of Council of Minister on 1977.

OTHERCHARACT:
A nice and well protected Abies borisii-regis woodland.


SITENAME:
Karaburun-Orikum-Dukat National Park / Parku Kombetar Karaburun-Orikum-Dukat.

DOCUMENTATION:
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1995. The Red Book. Flora. Tirana. Albania.ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 1988, 1992, 1996. The Flora of Albania, 1,2,3 vol., Tirana. Albania.ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1966 DCM - no 96, "Designation of the Forests National Parks"ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT Regulation - no 3213, 1986, "On Administration, Establishment Criteria, Treatment and Maintenance of the National Forests Parks", chapter 1, point 7  ATKINSON R.I., 1990.  The main threatened animal species of Albania (In WCMC Animal Database. WCMC Cambridge, UK. September 1990. Vol.2. Pp 170BEGO F., 1997. Current threat status of the mammals of Albania. In Libri i Kuq i Bimeve, Shoqerimeve Bimore dhe Kafsheve te Shqiperise. REC-Hungary: 310 ppDEMIRI, 1983: M. Flora ekskursioniste e Shqiperise. TiraneGEF/UNDP 2004 Natinal Park Llogara-Karaburun Mangement plan. MedWetCoast project "Conservation of Wetland and Coastal Ecosystem in Mediterranean Region".IKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.IUCN, 2001. Redlist of Globally Threatened Species.MARKGRAF, F. 1932: Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Stutgard. MERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.MITRUSHI, I. 1955: Druret dhe shkurret e Shqiperise. Tirane 1955MITRUSHI, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqiperise. Tirane.NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.P. QIRJAZI, F. BEGO, 1999. Natural Monuments of Albania; 116 ppQOSJA XH., 1989 - Karakteristika korologjike të florës së Shqipërisë. Studime Biologjike Tiranë No 7, fq. 36 - 41.REC, 1997. The Red Book, (Bime, shoqerime bimore dhe kafshe te rrezikuara). Tirana. AlbaniaVANGJELI J., 1982 -- Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit (Pinus heldreichii Christ subsp. Leucodermis (Antoine) Markgraf) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., RUÇI B., MULLAJ A. 1995 - Libri i kuq-Bimët e kërcënuara e të rralla të Shqipërisë. Akademia e Shkencave Tiranë.RUCI, B. & VANGJELI, J. 1966: Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin e ujrave te embla dhe floren hidro e higrofile te Shqiperise. TIRANE.LAMANI, F. ET PUZANOV, V. 1962. Inventarizimi i shpendeve te Shqiperise. Buletini i Shkencave Natyrore 3, 4. 87-101.

QUALITY:
The Llogara-Karaburun site is a very diverse area including different types of ecosystems starting from the sea to the alpine meadows and pastures. The Karaburuni peninsula, presents a wonderful landscape even if it is not cover with a rich vegetation. At the other hand the Llogora forest has a high biodiversity level including a mixed coniferous forest (with Pinus nigra, Pinus leucodermis, Abies borisii-regis) and rare oak species like Quercus coccifera and Q. Macrolepis, as well as typical mediterranean shrubs and coastal rocks vegetation. The site includes the Orikumi lagoon, a very important wetland for meadows of birds, as well as sea Posidonia oceanica. The area is rich in endemic and rare species as Taxus bacata and Ceratonia siliqua. The area is rich in terrestrial and marine fauna species.

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called National Park "Llogara-Karaburun" (34'000 ha).National Park "Llogara" (1'010 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 96, date 21.11.1966.Managed Natural Reserve "Karaburun" (20'000 ha) (IUCN Category IV), established by Order of the Minister of Agriculture, date 22.02.1968.

OTHERCHARACT:
A very complex area, rich in different geomorphological elementes and habitats, starting from the marine and coastal communities, lagoons, marshes,machia,  garrigues up to the oak woodland etc.


SITENAME:
Bize-Brozh-Bardhet Protected Landscape - (Peizazhi i Mbrojtur Bize-Brosh- Berdhet.)

DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1966 DCM - no 96, "Designation of the Forests National Parks"ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT Regulation - no 3213, 1986, "On Administration, Establishment Criteria, Treatment and Maintenance of the National Forests Parks", chapter 1, point 7  NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.IKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.MERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.QOSJA XH., 1989 - Karakteristika korologjike të florës së Shqipërisë. Studime Biologjike Tiranë No 7, fq. 36 - 41.VANGJELI J., 1982 -- Studim gjeobotanik i rrobullit (Pinus heldreichii Christ subsp. Leucodermis (Antoine) Markgraf) në Shqipëri. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.VANGJELI J., RUÇI B., MULLAJ A. 1995 - Libri i kuq-Bimët e kërcënuara e të rralla të Shqipërisë. Akademia e Shkencave Tiranë.DPPK 2001-2003 Planet e menaxhimit te ekonomive Pyjore "Bixe", "Brosh-Bardhet"

QUALITY:
The "Bize-Brosh-Bardhet" site is located in central Albania. There are several forest ecosystems occurring within this site including beech, fir, maple forests. Since it is strategically located between other important area ( other protected areas (NP "Dajti", "Liqeni i zi", Stebleve, Qarrishte-Rrajce) this site is an important step over and ecological corridor for several animal species especially for important big mammals. The site hosts several bird and animal species.

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called Protected Landscape "Bize-Brosh Bardhet"Protected Landscape "Bize", 1'370 ha (IUCN Category V), established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No.102, of January 15 st, 1996Protected Landscape "Bize", 670 ha (IUCN Category V), established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No.102, of January 15 st, 1996

OTHERCHARACT:
"Beautiful landscape, rich in beech forests, caves, carstic holes, meadows,...:"


SITENAME:
Karavasta National Park / Parku Kombetar  Karavasta

DOCUMENTATION:
NEA, 1999. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan-Albania. NEA (today's Ministry of Environment)IUCN, 2001. Redlist of Globally Threatened SpeciesAcademy of Sciences. 1988, 1992, 1996. The Flora of Albania, 1,2,3 vol., Tirana. Albania.Academy of Sciences 1995. The Red Book. Flora. Tirana. Albania.Demiri, 1983: M. Flora ekskursioniste e Shqiperise. TiraneMarkgraf, F. 1932: Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Stutgard. Mitrushi, I. 1955: Druret dhe shkurret e Shqiperise. Tirane 1955Mitrushi, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqiperise. Tirane.PHARE 1996: Karavsata lagoon administration and management projectREC, 1997. The Red Book, (Bime, shoqerime bimore dhe kafshe te rrezikuara). Tirana. AlbaniaRuci, B. & Vangjeli, J. 1966: Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin e ujrave te embla dhe floren hidro e higrofile te Shqiperise. Tirane.Lamani, F. et Puzanov, V. 1962. Inventarizimi i shpendeve te Shqiperise. Buletini i Shkencave Natyrore 3, 4. 87-101.Rose, P. M. & Scott, D.A. 1997. Waterfowl population estimates - Second Edition. Wetlands International Publication 44. Wageningen, The Netherlands.Zekhuist, M. J.  & Tempelman, D. 1998. Breeding waterbirds of the Albanian wetlands, spring 1996. WIWO-report Nr. 64, Zeist.ATKINSON R.I., 1990.  The main threatened animal species of Albania (In WCMC Animal Database. WCMC Cambridge, UK. September 1990. Vol.2. Pp 170BEGO F., 1997. Current threat status of the mammals of Albania. In Libri i Kuq i Bimeve, Shoqerimeve Bimore dhe Kafsheve te Shqiperise. REC-Hungary: 310 ppP. Qirjazi, F. Bego, 1999. Natural Monuments of Albania; 116 ppJ. Vangjeli, D. Habili, F. Bego, B. Ruci, 1997: Ecological Survey of the High Forest Areas of Albania - (Copyright World Bank): 331pp

QUALITY:
The Karavasta lagoon is one the most important coastal lagoons in Albania. The site includes a variety of habitats as the lagoon, reed beds, aquatic vegetation, natural pine forests, sand dunes, etc. The site is an Important Bird Area for Europe, especially as a wintering site for birds hosting about 70'000 individuals per year. The lagoon is the only nesting site of pelicans (Pelicanus crispus) in Albania.

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called National Park "Divjake-Karavasta" (20'750 ha).Strict Protected area "Karavasta lagoon" (5'000 ha) (IUCN Category I) established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 413, date 22.08.1994.National Park "Divjaka" (1'250 ha) (IUCN Category II), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 96, date 21.11.1966.Managed Natural Reserve "Kular" (815 ha) (IUCN Category IV), established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 413, date 22.08.1994.Particularly protected natural ecosystem to be included in the Ramsar Convention list of protected wetlands "Divjake-Karavasta" established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 413, date 22.08.1994.

OTHERCHARACT:
High geomorphological and ecosystemic diversity. Different habitats starting from the sea and lagoons,up to the hills……..


DOCUMENTATION:
NEA, 1999. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan-Albania. NEA (today's Ministry of Environment)IUCN, 2001. Redlist of Globally Threatened SpeciesAcademy of Sciences. 1988, 1992, 1996. The Flora of Albania, 1,2,3 vol., Tirana. Albania.Academy of Sciences 1995. The Red Book. Flora. Tirana. Albania.Demiri, 1983: M. Flora ekskursioniste e Shqiperise. TiraneMarkgraf, F. 1932: Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Stutgard. Mitrushi, I. 1955: Druret dhe shkurret e Shqiperise. Tirane 1955Mitrushi, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqiperise. Tirane.REC, 1997. The Red Book, (Bime, shoqerime bimore dhe kafshe te rrezikuara). Tirana. AlbaniaRuci, B. & Vangjeli, J. 1966: Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin e ujrave te embla dhe floren hidro e higrofile te Shqiperise. Tirane.Lamani, F. et Puzanov, V. 1962. Inventarizimi i shpendeve te Shqiperise. Buletini i Shkencave Natyrore 3, 4. 87-101.Rose, P. M. & Scott, D.A. 1997. Waterfowl population estimates - Second Edition. Wetlands International Publication 44. Wageningen, The Netherlands.Zekhuist, M. J.  & Tempelman, D. 1998. Breeding waterbirds of the Albanian wetlands, spring 1996. WIWO-report Nr. 64, Zeist.ATKINSON R.I., 1990.  The main threatened animal species of Albania (In WCMC Animal Database. WCMC Cambridge, UK. September 1990. Vol.2. Pp 170BEGO F., 1997. Current threat status of the mammals of Albania. In Libri i Kuq i Bimeve, Shoqerimeve Bimore dhe Kafsheve te Shqiperise. REC-Hungary: 310 ppP. Qirjazi, F. Bego, 1999. Natural Monuments of Albania; 116 ppJ. Vangjeli, D. Habili, F. Bego, B. Ruci, 1997: Ecological Survey of the High Forest Areas of Albania - (Copyright World Bank): 331pp

QUALITY:
The Shengjin-Ishem site includes several coastal lagoons and diverse habitats. It is includes a natural unique mediteranean forests ecosystem with high scientific values the site is an important stopover and breeding habitat for birds, including the globally endangered species as Phalacrocorax pygmaeus. The site is well known for hosting sea turtles (Caretta caretta).

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called Nature managed Reserve/Protected Landscape "Shengjin-Ishem" (30'000 ha).Managed Natural Reserve "Kune-Vain" (2300 ha) (IUCN Category IV), established by Italian fascist administration in 1940.Managed Natural Reserve "Patok-Fushekuqe" (2'200 ha) (IUCN Category IV), established by Order of the Minister of Agriculture in 1962.

OTHERCHARACT:
A interesting variety of aquatic, halophile, psamophile,scrub and broadlevaed vegetation, in a lot of salmarshes and small lagoons, bahind or/and intersecting the dunes


QUALITY:
Very important site, many very rare plants and animals, some unic habitats in Armenia.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site consis of very variable habitats, from 400 to 3000 m a.s.l.


SITENAME:
Managed Nature Reserve Kuturman-Qafe Bush / RNM Kuturman-Qafe Bush

DOCUMENTATION:
NEA, 1999. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan-Albania. NEA (today's Ministry of Environment)IUCN, 2001. Redlist of Globally Threatened SpeciesAcademy of Sciences. 1988, 1992, 1996. The Flora of Albania, 1,2,3 vol., Tirana. Albania.Academy of Sciences 1995. The Red Book. Flora. Tirana. Albania.Demiri, 1983: M. Flora ekskursioniste e Shqiperise. TiraneMarkgraf, F. 1932: Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Stutgard. Mitrushi, I. 1955: Druret dhe shkurret e Shqiperise. Tirane 1955Mitrushi, I. 1966: Dendroflora e Shqiperise. Tirane.REC, 1997. The Red Book, (Bime, shoqerime bimore dhe kafshe te rrezikuara). Tirana. AlbaniaRuci, B. & Vangjeli, J. 1966: Te dhena mbi vegjetacionin e ujrave te embla dhe floren hidro e higrofile te Shqiperise. Tirane.Lamani, F. et Puzanov, V. 1962. Inventarizimi i shpendeve te Shqiperise. Buletini i Shkencave Natyrore 3, 4. 87-101.ATKINSON R.I., 1990.  The main threatened animal species of Albania (In WCMC Animal Database. WCMC Cambridge, UK. September 1990. Vol.2. Pp 170BEGO F., 1997. Current threat status of the mammals of Albania. In Libri i Kuq i Bimeve, Shoqerimeve Bimore dhe Kafsheve te Shqiperise. REC-Hungary: 310 ppP. Qirjazi, F. Bego, 1999. Natural Monuments of Albania; 116 ppJ. Vangjeli, D. Habili, F. Bego, B. Ruci, 1997: Ecological Survey of the High Forest Areas of Albania - (Copyright World Bank): 331pp

QUALITY:
The Nature Managed Reserve "Kuturmn-Qafe Bush" is located in the center of Albanian, in the Elbasani district. The reserve is surounded by several rivers and creeks providing important habitat for several plant and animal spcies. The area is dominated by oak forests (Quercetum cerris-frainetto). The site is home for several important anaimal species, especially big mamals like wild boar, bear, wolf etc.

DESIGNATION:
Managed Natural Reserve "Kuturman", 3 600 ha, (IUCN Category IV) established by Order of the Minister of Agriculture in 1970.Managed Natural Reserve "Qafe Bushi", 500 ha (IUCN Category IV) established by Order of the Minister of Agriculture in 1977.

OTHERCHARACT:
A well preserved mixed oak forest, mailny dominated by Quercus frainetto communities. Very rich in serpentine rock's flora.


SITENAME:
Pogradec Protected Landscape / Peizazhi i Mbrojtur Pogradec

QUALITY:
The Pogradec Protected Landscape includes the deepest lake in Albania and one of the most beautiful ones. The site includes a variety of habitats as the lake, under water meadows, floating meadows, peat lands, different forest types, agriculture lands, etc. The site is important for waterfowls hosting several bird species. The lake is home for different important fish species including the endangered endemic species of Barbus meridionalis prespensis, Allburnus albidus prespensis, Chondrostoma nasus prespensis. The site is an important trans-boundary protected area not only for its natural values but even for its rich cultural and traditional values.

DESIGNATION:
Protected Landscape "Pogradec", 27'323 ha, (IUCN Category V), established by Decision of Council of Ministers No. 80, date 18.02.1999.

OTHERCHARACT:
One of the biggest and deepest lakes in Balkan Penninsula, surrounded by a lot of hill and mountains, full of different habitats, starting from aquatic vegetation up to high peaks with subalpine vegetation.


SITENAME:
Managed Nature Reserve Germenj-Shelegure-Leskovik-Piskal / RNMGermenj-Shelegure-Leskovik-Piskal

QUALITY:
The Germenj-Shelegur site is located at the southeastern part of Albania, at the border with Greece. It is one of the few virgin fir (Abies borisi-regis) forests in Albania. The fir forests are pure or mixed with other species. The site is also important for the combination of the two species of Arbutus unedo and Arbutus andrachne what is very rare. The site is home of several important bird and animal species. It is an important ecological corridor for big mammals. The area offers magnificent landscapes and has a high tourist value.

DESIGNATION:
There is no official designation for the whole National Park Germenj-Shelegur yet.Nature Managed Reserve "Germenj-Shelegur", 430 ha, (IUCN Category IV), established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 102, of  January 15st, 1996.Resource Management Area "Piskal-Shqeri", 5 400 ha, (IUCN Category VI), established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 102, of  January 15st, 1996.

OTHERCHARACT:
A very diverse complex, full of different habitats, but mainly dominated by oak, black pine, and maquis formations.


SITENAME:
Protected Landscape of Buna river - Velipoja /  Peizazhi i Mbrojtur i lumit te Bunes-Velipoja

DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 2005 DCM - no 682, "Designation of the area Buna River-Velipojë as a Protected Landscape"MEFWA 2007 - Expanding and strengthening the network of protected areas, fq 53-84, in "Biodiversity Enabling Activity", Tiranë.MEFWA 2006 - Red book of Albanian fauna, Tiranë.NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.IKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.VANGJELI J., 1993 -- Analiza taksonomike, floristike, fitosociologjike dhe të dhëna gjeobotanike mbi dushkajat e Shqipërisë. (Tezë doktorate) Instituti i Kërkimeve Biologjike, Tiranë.

QUALITY:
Renci Mountain is distinguished for the existence of a rarely oak forest of Quercus trojana. The water vegetation consists of Nymphaea sp., Trapa natans etc. The lagoons are important for water birds, especially for the winter migratory species, which are protected by the Bon Convention. It is an area with special value for predator birds, where the most important ones are Aquila chrysaetus, and Falko peregrinus as well as other rare species. Through the Buna river is realized the migration of some species of fish, as Acipenser sturio. The area is important for some European endangered species such as Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Lutra lutra and Canis aureus.

DESIGNATION:
Protected Landscape (IUCN Category V), established by Decision of Council of Minister No. 682, date 02.11.2005

OTHERCHARACT:
Buna River, Velipoja's beach, Franz Jozef's island, Viluns and Gjo Lul lagoons, "Maja e Zeze" Peak, forests, and reforestations, hills and agriculture lands are the natural beautiful landscapes.


SITENAME:
National Park Rrajce-Shebenik / Parku Kombetar Shebenik-Jabllanice

DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1996 - DCM 102, 15.01.1996IKPK, IKB, MSHN, 1997 - Pyjet e virgjër-Vëzhgimi ekologjik i pyjeve të lartë të Shqipërisë. Studim i financuar nga Banka Botërore në kuadrin e Projektit të Pyjve Shqipëri.MEFWA 2007 - Expanding and strengthening the network of protected areas, fq 53-84, in "Biodiversity Enabling Activity", Tiranë.MEFWA 2006 - Red book of Albanian fauna, Tiranë.MERSINLLARI M., 1988 -- Vështrim gjeobotanik i ahishteve të vendit tonë. (Tezë doktorate) Fakulteti i Shkencave Natyrore, Universiteti i Tiranës.NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.DPPK 2001-2003 Planet e menaxhimit te ekonomive Pyjore "Qarrishte"

QUALITY:
This site represents a virgin forest island in this area. The beech is the main species mainly occurring as a pure forests or in some cases mixed with other species like maple, fir ( Abies alba ), and the birch (Betula alba ). The sub alpine and alpine meadows are dominated by Viola ducaginica, an endemic plant, as well as other sub endemic plants. Along the creeks are found species like Salix purpurea, Lythrum salicaria, Mentha pulegium, while at the rocky slopes is found Leontopodium alpinum. The fauna is represented by the chamois, the roe deer, lynx, bear, wolf, fox, the badger, the mountains eagle, etc. The park and the region around it are considered as a step over and an important bio corridor of the big mammals protected by the conventions acquiring in this way regional/Balkans value and importance.

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called National Park "Shebenik Jabllanica"Strict Nature Reserve "Rrajca", 4'400 ha (IUCN Category I), established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No.102, of January 15 st, 1996Nature Managed Reserve "Qarrishta", 318 ha (IUCN Category IV), established by Decision of the Council of Ministers No.102, of January 15 st, 1996

OTHERCHARACT:
An interesting landscape composed by beech forest, in some cases mixed with other species like maple, fir ( Abies alba ), and the birch (Betula alba ) and  sub alpine and alpine meadows, mostly on ultrabasic and serpentine rocks.


SITENAME:
Protected Landscape of Korabi / Peisazh i Mbrojtur i Korabit

DOCUMENTATION:
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.

QUALITY:
Korabi Mountain is not distinguished for a forest cover rich in species. The oak forests (Q. Cerris, Q. petrea) are located on lower altitudes. Beech forest have an irregular and limited distribution mainly occurring as a pure forests or in some cases mixed with other species like pine (Pinus nigra), and the birch (Betula verrucosa). In Korabi is the only biggest pure forest of birch in Albania. The sub alpine and alpine meadows are dominated by Sesleria autumnalis and are rich in rare and endemic species like Primula halleri, Juniperus foetidissima, Aconitum lamarckii, Trifolium wetsteinii, Ranunculus degenni, R. wettssteinii, etc. The site has also a trans-boundary importance for big mammals like brown bear, wolf, lynx and chamois, and birds like Aquila chrysaetos, Tetrao urogallus, Falco pellegrinus, Accipiter gentiles, Buteo buteo, Picus canus, etc.

DESIGNATION:
There is no designation yet for the whole protected area called Protected Landscape "Korabi"

OTHERCHARACT:
The highest and most marvellous mountain in Albania, rich in forests (beech, oak, pines, birch) alpine and subalpine meadows and pastures, very interesting and rich in flora and fauna species.


SITENAME:
Managed Nature Reserve Rrushkulli-Ishem / Rezerva natyrore e Menaxhuar Rrushkull-Ishem.

DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1995 - no 2, "Designation of the area of Rrushkulli as a Managed Nature Reserve"MEFWA 2006 - Red book of Albanian fauna, Tiranë.MEFWA 2007 - Monitoring of biodiversity elements in coastal lagoonsNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.

QUALITY:
Two main types of dune vegetation are present: i) a plant community dominated by Cakile maritime, in the form of isolated spots, ii) and a plant community dominated by sand couch grass, on the well developed dunes. Salt tolerant vegetation is mainly found on the left bank of Erzeni river mouth. In the remaining part of the original flood plain forests we find very scarce trees of common alder, narrow leaded ash, white poplar, common elm and common oak. Between dunes and the flood plain forest pine forest have benne planted. The lagoon is important for water birds, especially for the winter migratory species. Among the mammals the presence of jackal and beach marten (Martes foina) are of special interest as they are considered endangered species.

DESIGNATION:
Managed Nature Reserve (IUCN Category IV), established by Decision of the Minister of Agriculture, No. 2, date 26.12.1995

OTHERCHARACT:
Rrushkulli consist on a mix of different land use types including open water surface and marshlands, forests, sandy beaches, agriculture lands.


SITENAME:
Managed Nature Reserve of Berzane / Rezerva natyrore e Menaxhuar Berzane

DOCUMENTATION:
ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT 1977 - DECISION NO. 1, 27.07.1977MEFWA 2006 - Red book of Albanian fauna, Tiranë.NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, 2000. Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Convention on Biological Diversity, National Report.

QUALITY:
This site represents mainly a Mediterranean machia vegetation represented by Erica arborea, Spartium junceum, Fillirea media, Cotinus cogyra, mixed with oak forests, Quercus petrea, Q. fraineto, Q. cerris. Along the creeks are found species like Salix purpurea,  Mentha pulegium The fauna is represented by wolf, fox, the badger, etc. The area is important as a habitat for wild boar (Sus scrofa).

DESIGNATION:
Managed Nature Reserve "Berzane", 880 ha (IUCN Category IV), established by Decision of Ministers of Agriculture No.1, of July 27, 1977

OTHERCHARACT:
A mixture of mediterranean macchia and oak woodlands.


DOCUMENTATION:
Decision of Government of Armenian SSR N 341, 13.09.1958

QUALITY:
Area contributes substantially to the survival of more than 150 threatened species included in the Armenian Red Book, more than 30 endemic species of different rank (Armenian, South Transcaucasian, Caucasian);it supports more than 1700 plant species; it contains  important and representative samples of endangered in Armenia habitat types - open juniper forests, relic feather-grass steppes.

DESIGNATION:
To protect oak forests, dry open woodland, phryganoid and semi-desert landscapes, unique flora and fauna species

OTHERCHARACT:
Oak forests - 60%Juniper forests - 25% Steppe - 10%Semi-desert - 4%Lakes and rivers - 1%


DOCUMENTATION:
Decision of Government of Armenian SSR, 1978;Decision of the RA Government N 205-N, 19.01.07

QUALITY:
Site contributes substantially to the survival of more than 150 threatened included in the Armenian Red book species, more than 500 endemic species of different rank (Armenian, South Transcaucasian, Caucasian), and more than 300 species listed in Appendices I and II of the convention;it supports more than 2000 species in this area;it contains an important and representative samples of endangered habitat types (open juniper forest, peat areas, marshes);it represents an important area for many migratory species.

DESIGNATION:
To protect high mountains lake ecosystems, endemic species of fish, plants and animals, resting sites for migratory birds.

OTHERCHARACT:
Lake Sevan and rivers - 65%Marshes and bogs - 10%Steppes - 5%Meadows - 10%Oak forests - 1%Juniper forests - 1%Infrastructure - 3%


DOCUMENTATION:
RA Governmental decision N 975-N, 25.01.07

QUALITY:
Site contributes substantially to the survival of more than 50 threatened included in the Armenian Red book species, more than 20 Caucasian endemic species , and more than 300 species listed in Appendices I and II of the convention;it supports more than 1000 species in this area;it represents an important area for many migratory species.

DESIGNATION:
To protect wetland ecosystems and typical species of plants and animals


QUALITY:
Site contributes substantially to the survival of more than 100 threatened included in the Armenian Red book species, more than 50 endemic species of different rank (Armenian, South Transcaucasian, Caucasian), and more than 300 species listed in Appendices I and II of the convention;it supports more than 1500 species in this area;it represents an important area for many migratory species.

DESIGNATION:
To protect wetland, steppe, meadow ecosystems, lakes and rivers, plants and animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
Lakes and rivers - 30%Bogs and marshes - 5%Steppes - 5%Meadows, meadow-steppes - 35%Screes, rocks - 3%Infrastructure, agricultural lands, artificial forest cultures - 22%


QUALITY:
In the site forests are in good condition, there is only grove of Corylus colurna in Armenia.There are about 150 species of endemic of different rank, and about 100 species included in the Red Data Book of Armenia.

OTHERCHARACT:
About 90% of area - forests (oak and beech).Inside of the area there is a reserve of Corylus colurna - grove inside the beech forest.


QUALITY:
There are very rare species here, including about 10 plant species which have only 1-2 populations in Armenia. There are very rare birds species nesting here.

DESIGNATION:
To protect rare species of plants, birds, mammals, and rare ecosystems.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site represents small gorge and slopes on Shirak Mountain range. Main ecosystems are relic steppe with Asphodeline taurica and Stipa pulcherrima, as well steppe shrubs, petrophyton, and Pinus plantations.


QUALITY:
Relic lakes with unic flora and vegetation and complex of animals. Site contributes substantially to the survival of more than 50 threatened included in the Armenian Red book species, more than 20 endemic species of different rank (Armenian, South Transcaucasian, Caucasian), and more than 50 species listed in Appendices I and II of the convention;it supports more than 1000 species in this area;it represents an important area for many migratory species.

DESIGNATION:
To protect wetland, meadow ecosystems, lakes, plants and animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
The most important ecosystems here are lakes and meadows between them.


QUALITY:
There is only population of Paeonia tenuifolia in Armenia. Area contributes substantially to the survival of more than 10 threatened species included in the Armenian Red Book, more than 5 endemic species of different rank (Armenian, South Transcaucasian, Caucasian);it supports more than 100 plant species

DESIGNATION:
To protect ecosystem of Paliurus spina-christi with complex of rare and endangered species, including only population of Paeonia tenuifolia in Armenia

OTHERCHARACT:
The most important habitat here is "shibliak", shrub community with Paliurus spina-christi domination.


EXPLANATIONS:
To protect different habitats and species of plants and animals

QUALITY:
There are different inportant habitats in rather good conditions, as well populations of many rare plant and animal species.

DESIGNATION:
To protect rare habitats and species, as well hydrological objects.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site is very complicated by different habitats. There are oak forest, steppe, meadow-steppe, meadows, petrophyton, wetlands, etc.


QUALITY:
Area contributes substantially to the survival of more than 70 threatened species included in the Armenian Red Book, more than 20 endemic species of different rank. It supports more than 300 plant species

DESIGNATION:
To protect alpine vegetation of Armenia and complex of plant and animal species

OTHERCHARACT:
The main ecosystems of the site are alpine meadows and carpets, as well as alpine petrophyton.


QUALITY:
Area contributes substantially to the survival of more than 100 threatened species included in the Armenian Red Book, more than 20 endemic species of different rank (Armenian, South Transcaucasian, Caucasian);it supports more than 800 plant species; it contains  important and representative samples of endangered in Armenia habitat types - beech forests, open juniper forests, yew grove.

DESIGNATION:
To protect beech and oak-hornbeam forests with complex of plant and animal species, to protect yew forest

OTHERCHARACT:
Oak and beech forests are the main habitats in the site.


QUALITY:
Area contributes substantially to the survival of more than 100 threatened species included in the Armenian Red Book, more than 50 endemic species of different rank (Armenian, South Transcaucasian, Caucasian);it supports more than 1500 plant species

DESIGNATION:
To protect steppes and open forests and complex of rare species

OTHERCHARACT:
Site has very different ecological conditions - from Arpa river gorge with altitude about 600 m a.s.l. to alpine mountain belt with alpine meadows.


QUALITY:
Site is very important for some bird species conservation. It is Important bird area.

DESIGNATION:
Mainly for conservation of bird species and some habitats.


DOCUMENTATION:
RA Government Decision 19.12.2013, N 1465-N; Decree of the Government of SSR Armenia N 341, 13.09.1958; Decree of the Government RA N 1044-N, 15.07.2004; Decree of the Government RA N 1401-N, 07.09.2006; RA Governmentn Decision N 1187-N, 15.10.2009

QUALITY:
Area contributes substantially to the survival of more than 150 threatened species included in the Armenian Red Book, more than 50 endemic species of different tank. It supports more than 1200 plant species, and contains important and representatives 0of some endangered in Armenia habitats

DESIGNATION:
To protect rare habitats and endangered plant and animal species


QUALITY:
Site is important for conservation of some bird species and some habitats


QUALITY:
Very important site for habitats and species conservation. The site is the important bird area.

OTHERCHARACT:
The most important part of the site is the cave with different species of bats, and wetlands with many bird species.


QUALITY:
Site is very inportant for conservation of some bat species, and as well for some habitats conservation.

OTHERCHARACT:
Mainly forest habitats and the gorge of Vorotan river. The big ancient city in caves.


QUALITY:
Sire is important for conservation of some rare habitats and many bird species, it is important bird area.

DESIGNATION:
Site is designated for conservation of some rare habitats and many bird species.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is covered mainly by arid grasslands with some lakes and river and rivulets.


QUALITY:
Site is very important for conservation of some animal (including birds) species.

DESIGNATION:
Site is designated for conservation of many animal species.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site includes big artificial water reservoir on Akhuryan river, which is in border zone and protect by border guard. As well it includes steppe vegetation and other habitats.


QUALITY:
The sanctuary was established for conservation of habitat with Rhododendron caucasicum dominance. As well there are some rare species of birds, plants and animalspecies which are present in the site

DESIGNATION:
To protect very rare habitats and some  species

OTHERCHARACT:
The only site where "rhodorets" (Rhododendron caucasicum is a dominant) exist and are in the good conditions.


QUALITY:
There are many bird species in the site, as well many rare plant and animal species here. The site is designated as important bird area.

DESIGNATION:
Conservation of bird and other animal species from the Resolution 6, as well some habitats from Resolution 4


QUALITY:
Many bird species exist in the site, as well habitats from the Resolution 4.

DESIGNATION:
To protect many bird species, as well some habitats from Resolution 4


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2012). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.

QUALITY:
Proposed Zangezur-Daridag site combines the physical-geographical districts of the Middle Araz subregion of the front Asia plateau. The territory of site is mainly mountainous. The climate of the district is represented by the climate of cold semi-deserts and dry steppes with a dry summer. The precipitatuon amount is no more than 300-800 mm.Soils are mainly sierozems and meadow- sierozems, along the Araz river valley they are alluvial-meadow carbonate.  The development of  topsoil is in strict accordance with the vertical distribution of zone. The mountain-chestnut soil with plateau -xerophite-phrygoide vegetation and post-timber meadows and meadows steppes are spread in the low-mountain areas and in the low part of the middle-mountain areas; mountain-timber brown typical and alcali soil with high mountain - Subalpine meadows and meadow steppes are spread in the middle mountain areas. In the high-mountain area mountain-meadow turf soil with high-mountain alpine meadowa are developed. In some places separate forest blades dominated with Araz beeches  have been preserved.There are 3 specially protected nature areas - Shahbuz Strict Nature Reserve (3 139 ha), Ordubad National Park (12 131 ha) and  Ordubad Sanctuary (27 869 ha) in this proposed site. The area is rich in rare plants and fauna species. Nakhcivan Autonomous Republic is a distinguished place in Azerbaijan for richness of its ornitofauna. There are 217 birds species and subspecies in the region of which 15 species are listed in the Red Data Book. These are Levant Sparrowhawk, Great White Pelican , Dalmatian Pelican, White-tailed Eagle, Lammergeyer, Short-toed Eagle, Great Bustard, Little Bustard and other birds. Six species of amphibians are found in the area, which are Syrian Agama, Green Toad, Common Tree Frog, Short-legged Marsh Frog.Thirty eight species and subspecies of reptiles are found in the area. Of them 5 are turtles, 12 species and sub-species of snakes. Mediterranean Spur-thighed Tortoise, Caucasian Pit Viper, Trans-Caucasian Rat Snake are all under protection and listed in the Red Data Book.Sixty two mammal species and subspecies occur in the area. These are Blazilius Horseshoe Bat, Southern Horseshoe Bat, Porcupine, Manul, Bezoar Goat, Caucasian Muflon.The area is a habitat for a number canivorous animals such as: leopard, wolf, jackal, fox, stripped hyena, badger, wild cat and other predators numbering 12 species in total.The area is also rich in rare plants. Thus, of the total 110 species of higher and rare plants, 77 grow in the area. Iris elegantissima, Himantoglossum formosum, Dorema Glabrum and other plants can be found here.Along with the diverse flora and fauna Zangezur-Daridag site is the place where there are a lot of natural and historical monuments.

DESIGNATION:
The objective pursued in the creation of the site is to protect different components of the which has a distinctive climate, terrain and other physical geographical features as well as various animal species including endemics and species of fauna that are typical to this area. These places are famous due to its plains full of flowers, lakes, pure and fresh mountain air, natural forests, drinking waters of the Zorbulag and Sudlubulag rivers as well as "Narzan" type mineral water. Ordubad National Park, Ordubad State Nature Sanctuary and Shahbuz State Nature Reserve are on the territory of site.

OTHERCHARACT:
Zangezur-Daridag region combines the physical-geographical districts of the Middle Araz subregion of the front plateau. Territory occupies the left side of Araz river and covers the mountainous territory of Nakhchivan. Its relief increases to 600-3900 m. The main forms of relief are: cones of drift, river terraces and alluvial plains. Zangezur range of mountains reaching 3200 meters on average is the highest range of the Lesser Caucasus. The highest peak of the range 3906 meters is located in the territory of site. The last third part of the Zangezur range is Soyug dag (Cold mountain) which also belongs within the site. The height of Soyug dag varies within a range  of 2000 to 3000 meters. This part of the mountain slopes down for 12 km to south and west. It comprises steep slopes with precipices  and narrow spring valleys. Eroded rocks are widespread here. In Soyug dag, ancient glacial relief declines and finally disappears downwards.


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2012). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Alekperov Kh.M., Gidajatov J.Kh., Aliev F.F. Mammals. Azerbaijan fauna // Baku, Elm, 1978: 194 pp. (in Azeri).

QUALITY:
Territory covers low mountainous areas on the right and left side of Mingecaur water basin (60500 ha), Bozdag, Palantokan, Axar-Baxar mountain ranges and  Acinour and Sarija lowlands. The topsoil is mainly represented by differntly saline chestnut and light chestnut, and partly alluvial-meadow terrains. Plant cover comprises plant complexes of arid forests and river basins and wormwood-salt marshed, salt-wormwooded plant.On the territory of proposed site 60 species of trees and bushes grow. The main types of sparsely growing trees are: pistacia, indian juniper, prickly juniper, guercus iberica, ash-tree, celtis caucasicus and pomegranate. Moreover, quercus iberica, populus, willow, alder, elaeagnus and other tree also grow in this area. Two species -juniperus and pomegranate are included in the Red Data Book of Azerbaijan.On the right bank of the Gabirri River near the border the Georgia, where on the slope of the "The  Eldar Oyugu" Ridge a unique natural grove of  Eldar pine  has been protected since the end of the 19th century and this area ca be referred to as the oldest specially protected area on the territory of Trans-Caucasia.There are 24 species of mammals and 112 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles and 3 species of amphibianss in the reserve. Among mammals there are wild boar. Brown bear, badger, stone marten, lynx, jackal, wild cat, hare and others. Among the birds there are partridge, columbiformes, cercheneis tinnunculus, griffon, black vulture and others.There are 3 specially protected nature areas- Eldar Shami (1686 ha) State Nature Reserve, Turyanchay State Nature Reserve (22488 ha), Korchay (15000 ha) State Nature Sanctuary in the territory.

DESIGNATION:
The main protected objects are the model natural complexes of the Boz-Dag Ridge with the developed pistachio-arch light forests, area of semi-desert, arid and tugay vegetation. The state of arid light forest on the Boz-Dag are of great concern primary primarily because in spite of the productivity of the majority of tree species, including juniper, the regeneration of these forests in general is very slow. The establishment of the Turian-Chay reserve brought -an improvement in the situation with the regeneration of these forests. During the 40 years of the reserve’s existence the pistachio-juniper light forest has extended its area and the general quality of trees has increased. The replacement of juniper by pistachio has almost stopped. Shrubbery and herbage lave also developed well, considerably reducing the process of soil erosion.

OTHERCHARACT:
Territory covers low mountanious areas on the right and left side of Mingecaur water basin, Bozdag, Palantokan, Axar-Baxar mountain ranges and Acinour and Sarija lowlands. Natural landscape zones of teh territory is characterized by wormwood-salt marshed semi-deserts, semi-desert, coast plant complexes, arid forests and etc.


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2005). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.

QUALITY:
Proposed Emerald site also established in administrative areas of Zagatala and Balakan regions in 1929 Zagatala Reserve. Its area totals to 47349 ha. In During the period of its existence, the reserve has belonged to different organization and its area and borders have been changed. The reserve is situated at a height of 650 – 3,646 m above sea level. The reserve territory has a complicated relief due to spurs of the major ridge extending to the south and south-east: Agkemal, Katslar, Rochigel, Pichgel, Khalagel, Ruchug, Mrovdag and others, which are separated from each other by deep river valleys (canyons). Slopes with a steepness of 40-80 m and more occupy an area of more than 450 hectares; slopes with a steepness of 25-40 m prevail. The relief reflects the activity of glacier and other forms of erosion. The asymmetry of the river basin is typical: the mountain slopes, deep canyons and valleys are sharply shaped. The Zaqatala reserve was organized with the purpose of protecting and studying the fauna and flora of the southern slopes of the Major Caucasus. The reserve territory is referred to by botanists as the Iberian area of the Caucasus flora province. At the end of the Tertiary period, the forests of this area had a different composition, with a considerable touch of elements of the Hirkan forests, and were much richer than the present ones. Contemporary flora of the reserve has more than a thousand species. Such representatives of ancient plants as rhododendron yellow, Laurocerasus officinalis, Caucasian bilberry-bush, Taxus baccata, maple, Polypodiophyta and others are preserved on this territory. The main forest – forming species of the reserve – Fagus orientalis, as well as Quercus iberica and Corylus colurna are also referred to as ancient plants. The representatives of rare plants: Taxus baccata, apple-tree, ash-tree, birch-tree, cherry-tree, pear-tree and others are observed as well. The fauna of the reserve is rich in species composition. They are: Dagestan aurochs, chamois, red deer, roe, brown bear, fox, badger, Mustela nivalis, pine marten and stone marten, lynx, squirrel and others. There are 104 species of birds, including some birds of prey: long-eared owl, golden eagle (Aquilla chrysaetos), Cerchneis tinnunculus, Neophron percnopterus, griffon (Gyps fulvus), bearded vulture (Cypaetus barbatus), black vulture and others. There are some rare, specially protected species of birds: bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), golden eagle (Aquilla chrysaetus), peregrine (Falco peregrinus), Tetraogallus, Accipiter badius, which are registered in the Red Book. Zakatala-Ilisy site occupies the area between two rivers: Mazimchay in the west and Kishchay in the east. The disrtrict  borders with the watershed line  of the Major Caucasus Ridge. It relief varies within 1600-4400 m. Middle- mountain areas dominate in the relief.

DESIGNATION:
The objective pursued in the creation of the site is to protect different components of the which has a distinctive climate, terrain and other physical geographical features as well as various animal species including endemics and species of fauna that are typical to this area. These places are famous due to its plains full of flowers, lakes, pure and fresh mountain air, natural forests, drinking waters of the Zorbulag and Sudlubulag rivers as well as "Narzan" type mineral water. Ordubad National Park, Ordubad State Nature Sanctuary and Shahbuz State Nature Reserve are on the territory of site.The main objective in designation of this proposed site is to ensure the conservation of basic components of the natural landscape of thethe southern slope of the Major Caucasian Range, the rehabilitation of flora and fauna species, the implementation of environmental monitoring.

OTHERCHARACT:
Territory of site occupes area between 2 rivers: Mazimchay in the west and Girdimanchay in the east. The district borders with the watershed line of the Major Caucasus Ridge and Alazan-Agricay depression. It relief varies within 600-4400 m. Middle-mountain areas dominate in the relief.


QUALITY:
Proposed Shahdag site occupies the mountainous part of the northern slope of the south-eastern Caucasus, the relief of which is from 200 to 4500 m above sea level. There are lots of ravines, canyons, and valleys on the territory. The followings types of climate are characteristic for this district: moderate with an almost even distribution of precipitation (low- mountain relief); cold  with a dry winter (middle-, partially high-mountain relief), the climate of high mountain. The annual precipitation constitutes 400mm for low-mountain relief and 1200 mm for high-mountain relief.The mountainous-timber brown typical and carbonate-mountainous-timber brown soil are developed in the low-  and middle-mountain areas. The mountainous-medow-sod soil are spread in Subalpine and Alpine zones. The main protected object are forest ecosystems preserved near the eastern border of the modern forest area on the southern (south-eastern) macroslopes of the Greater Caucasus; also some species of flora and fauna, such as Taxus baccata which are included in the Red Data Book. The dendraflora od the reserve accounts for 60 species, of which Caucasian hornbeam, oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), Guercus iberica are the main forest forming types of trees. Practically more than 80% of all the physical-geographic districs of the site are covered by forests. The  forest flora of the Greater Caucasus is unique for the  Caucasus region. The vertical distribution of  forest belts is clearly observed. In the interval 500-1000 m above sea level oak-groves of guercus mixed with hornbeam,  caucasian lime-trees, chestnut, maple, taxus baccata, ash-tree and others, are distributed. In some river forests the representatives of Girkan-Kolkhidian dendroflora - caucasian persimmon, salsola, zelkova carpinfolia, walnut, ironwood, guercus castaneivolia and others, are found. Here fradments of natural groves with Platanus orientalis are preserved which is not typical for the flora of this region. In the area from 1,000 to 2,000m, the dominating formation is beech forests mixed with hornbeam, maple, ash-trees and others. At the height of 1,500m in the hard-to-reach areas Carylus colurna, pine, and in bushes layer-cornel, hawthorn, yew, medlar and others have deen preserved. At the altitude of 200 to 2 500 m there are Subalpine sparse growths of guercus orientalis, betula, sorbus caucasicus and high-mountain maples.There are approximately 170 species of vertebrates, 17 species of reptiles and amphibians are represented by 6 species in the territory.   The mammal fauna has been studied insufficiently. There are brown bear, wolf, jackal, marten, badger, red deer, roe, wild boar, chamois, Dagestan aurochs and others.According to preliminary data there are 104 species of birds belonging to 13 orders. Such rare birds as Aquila chrysaetus, Gypaetus barbatus and others are nesting here.There are 2 specially protected nature areas - Shahdag National Park (115895 ha) and  Ismailly Sanctuary (23 382 ha) in this proposed site.

DESIGNATION:
The objective pursued in the creation of the site is to protect different components of the which has a distinctive climate, terrain and other physical geographical features as well as various animal species including endemics and species of fauna that are typical to this area. These places are famous due to its plains full of flowers, lakes, pure and fresh mountain air, natural forests, drinking waters of the Zorbulag and Sudlubulag rivers as well as "Narzan" type mineral water. The main objective in designation of this proposed site is to ensure the conservation of basic components of the natural landscape of thethe southeastern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, the rehabilitation of flora and fauna species, the implementation of environmental monitoring as well as promoting public environmental education along with tourism and recreation.

OTHERCHARACT:
Shahdag site occupies the mountainous part of the nothern slope of the south-eastern Caucasus, the relief of which is from 200 to 4500 m above sea level. There are lots of ravines, canyons and valleys in the territory.


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2005). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of  Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.5. Red book of Azerbaijan SSR // Baku, Ishyg, 1989: 19-49.

QUALITY:
Proposed Hirkan  region covers the Lenkoran and Tallysh disrtricts.The Lenkoran disrtrict occupies a low-lying area which extends along the western coast of the Caspian. The relief of the lowland rises up to 100 m in the western part. The climate of the lowland is moderate/warm with an arid summer. The annual precipitation amount is more than 1600 mm in the  south-east and 900 mm in the north-west.Close to the foot of the mountains there deciduous forests with a dominance of Hirkan relict types, and in the north-west of the Lenkoran district there are steppe like post-timber meadows.The Tallysh disrtrict borders with Iran in the west and the Lenkoran lowland in the east. The  district is adjacent to the low- mountain relief in the east and to the middle-mountain relief  in the south-west.On the relatively small territory of the Tallish mountain five climate types have developed. The   eastern area is characterized by a  moderate/warm with an almost even distribution of precipitation. The central is characterized by a  moderate/warm and dry summer, which turns into the climate of moderate/warm semi-deserts and dry steppes with a dry summer.Soil, and its watershed line is under mountainous-meadow turf soils. Between Yardimli and Leric deciduous forests have been preserved, which consist of guercus castaneifolia, breeches, box-trees, and others. The remaining parts of the mountains are under hushes. The upland xerophytes occur on the lower area of the Tallish Ridge and subalpine meadows and meadow-steppes occur mostly in the protuberant parts of the watershed.Forest of the Tallish mountains are represented by Hirkan type relict forests, which occurred about 70 million years ago. The endemic species of the Caucasus such as: Zelkova, Caucasian persimmon, box-tree, Hirkan fig and others, all grow in these forests. A peculiar subtropical climate with prolonged summer draughts and heavy precipitation in other seasons of the year is typical for the Talysh mountains. The relief zones of topsoil and vegetation are presented in a vertical order here. From the coastal area of the Caspian (-23,-24m) to 600-700m a subtropical timber vegetation is observed with a dominance of iron trees, Quercus castaneifolia, hornbeam, Zelkova,Caucasian persimmon, Girkan poplar, which often form mixed forests. In the river valleys rare relic types are preserved such as alder, Salsola, maple, and others. The dry sunny slopes of the foothill area are under silk acacia. Small areas of evergreen ruscus hyrcana, box-tree, ilex hyrcana have been preserved separately. In the middle mountainous area, from 600 to 1300m on the slopes, guercus castaneifolia, guercus hurcanus and hornbeam dominate. The upper forests (1200-2000m) mainly consist of guercus orientalis mixed with sorbus caucasicus, hawthorn, sweetbrier, partially zelkova, guercus castaneifolia, etc. Structural-phenological features are quite evident in the Tallish mountains. These features are typical of the forests of the damp-subtropical regions of the South-East Asia.  First of all it is this expresses the richness of the species and the multi-layer nature of plantations. Due to the richness of flora (more than 30 species per 1000 ha) Tallish region is in first place in the Caucasus.Hirkan National Park is in this proposed site (40358 ha) and Hirkan Sanctuary (1553 ha).

DESIGNATION:
The objective pursued in the creation of the site is to protect different components of the which has a distinctive climate, terrain and other physical geographical features as well as various animal species including endemics and species of fauna that are typical to this area. These places are famous due to its plains full of flowers, lakes, pure and fresh mountain air, natural forests, drinking waters of the Zorbulag and Sudlubulag rivers as well as "Narzan" type mineral water. Ordubad National Park, Ordubad State Nature Sanctuary and Shahbuz State Nature Reserve are on the territory of site.The main objective of creation of Hirkan site is to ensure the conservation of relict and endemic plant species of the Tertiary period, the protection of typical flora and fauna representatives of this area listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

OTHERCHARACT:
Hirkan site covers Lenkoran and Talish districts. Lenkoran district occupies a low-lying area which extends along the western coast of the Caspian Sea. The relief of the lowland rises up to 100 m in the western part. Talish district is adjacent to the low-mountain relief in the east and to the middle-mountain relief in the south-west.


QUALITY:
The total of plants growing in Zuvand consists almost 25 % from total of flora of Azerbaijan, more than 1000 kinds, among which annual grasses - 38 %, long-term grasses - 52 %, bushes - 9 %, trees - 1 %.

DESIGNATION:
The objective pursued in the creation of the site is to protect different components of the which has a distinctive climate, terrain and other physical geographical features as well as various animal species including endemics and species of fauna that are typical to this area. These places are famous due to its plains full of flowers, lakes, pure and fresh mountain air, natural forests, drinking waters of the Zorbulag and Sudlubulag rivers as well as "Narzan" type mineral water. The main objective of creation of Zuvand site is to ensure the conservation of relict and endemic plant species, the protection of typical flora and fauna representatives of this area listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan.Due to itsuniqueness among Azerbaijan’s landscape complexes,and with its particular species composition, the entireregion of the Zuvand uplands has a very high protectionvalue.Potential Analysis for Further Nature Conservation in AzerbaijanFurthermore, the Zuvand lies on an important bird migrationroute for raptors. Many birds of prey use thecanyon south of Lerik to pass the barrier of the TalishMountain range. Among them are several species of internationalconservation concern.If nothing else, at least its regional importance for manybird and reptile species that do not occur anywhere elsein Azerbaijan makes this area worthy of protection. Thecurrent status, however, is somewhat contradictory to aprotection regime, as the existing Zakaznik (covering15,000 ha) was established as a game reserve.The entire habitat has closer links to the Iranian highlandsthan to any other ecosystem in Azerbaijan, renderingthe conservation of this natural heritage especiallyimportant. Tragacanthic vegetation also occurs inthe Greater Caucasus and other regions of Azerbaijan.However, there it is often of secondary character andfar less diverse. The extension and condition of Acantholimonis unique in the country, as is the geologicalbackground with its volcanic sediments.Yet, additional research is still necessary to fully assessthe regional biodiversity, in particular the floristic diversity.In addition, general awareness for the naturalsingularity of this region needs to be raised among theinhabitants, especially when taking into account thatthe region might still hold a remnant population ofStriped Hyena.A principal connection between the xerophytic habitatsof Zuvand and the deciduous forest of the Hirkan NationalPark is strongly advised. A potential reserve couldbe close to the Iranian border. Land use conflicts canbe expected to be negligible. The existing State NatureSanctuary (IUCN IV) needs to be upgraded to a higherlevel of protection. However, as there is land use in thearea and small settlements regularly occur, an establishmentof a Zapovednik (IUSN cat. I) does not seemappropriate. As a solution, an extension of the HirkanNational Park is advisable. Certain areas of Zuvandshould become a separate core zone, and a developmentzone should provide buffer functions and could harbourthese small settlements.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Zuvand region is an intra-mountainuosdepression in the Lesser Caucasus, extending alongat the Iranian border close to the district town of Lerik.This so-called Diabar depression is geomorphologically,climatically and by species composition more similarto northern Iran and Nakhchivan than to the forestedparts of the Talish Mountains. Almost closed off to theeast by a high-rising mountain range, the Zuvand regionextends in elevations between 1700 up to 2582 m a.s.l.and forms the sheltered highest region of Azerbaijan’sTalish Mountains.To the west and south-west it borders Iran, to the eastand north-east the forest area of the Lankaran Mountains.There are two administrative regions in this subarea:Lerik and Yardimli, both with good road connectionsto the Caspian lowland.Proposed Zuvand site covers north-east slopes of Tallish mountains between 1400-2000 m.There are many endemic and rare animals, particularly, among the representatives of ground mollusks and non-flying insects. The birds endemism is well represented, up to subspecies level, while the species level has a relatively poor representation.Zuvand Sanctuary (15000 ha) and Rvarud Sanctuary (1333 ha) are in this proposed site.  S o i l : The substrate of the Zuvand region is in largeparts of volcanogenic sedimentation origin. On thesteep slopes and along the numerous rocky outcropswhere tragacanthic vegetation occurs, soil is poorly developed.The light and initial soil formations have a richskeleton and are subject to intensive erosion. Chestnutcoloured and light chestnut coloured mountainous soiland mountain meadow soil occur in flat area. Especiallythe meadow soils are rather productive and partly usedfor hay-making. The humus content is rather poor dueto the climatic conditions.Ve g e t a t i o n : Because of the low rainfall during thevegetation period, Zuvand’s vegetation differs markedlyfrom that of the rest of the Talish. Many of its plantshave special peculiarities to withstand long periods ofdrought. Most species of milk vetch (Astragalus) andprickly thrift (Acantholimon) form compact, spiky cushions,while others grow only during the short, moistspring, e.g., bulbous plants. On the slopes and rockyareas the typical Mediterranean—Anatolian and the Levantxerophytic expression of vegetation can be found.Pseudomacchia/Shiblyak (ref. to Atamov et al. 2006)dominates the areas around the villages and forms anintermediate stage between forests with Fagus orientalisand Quercus macrantera and frigana vegetation. The latter,with its low-growing thorny, cushionlike bushes, isprevalent in higher, even dryer reaches of Zuvand.Frigana vegetation/dry slopes: The frigana vegetation typecovers large parts of the mountainous, rocky zone at elevationsbetween 1500 and 1800m a.s.l. and dominates onsouthern/south-eastern slopes. This vegetation type ischaracterised by three groups of plants that all formthorny cushions. The dominating group among themare tragacanth bushes, predominantly Astragalus meyerii,A, persicus, A. pycnophyllus, and A. aureus. The secondgroup of plants that form cushion-like formations is theAcantholymon group, with Acantholimon hohenackeriresembling a spiny tragacanth. The third group is theOnobrychus group, with Onobrychus cornuta being thedominant species. Although occurring naturally undercertain conditions, the frigana formations are supportedby intensive land use and often form a secondary formation,particularly in response to heavy grazing. Rosaibericus, Jasmin fruticans, and Berberis vulgaris are oftenassociates with the various Astragalus communities.Frigana formations are peculiar for the area but formtransitional stages between forested shiblyak formationswith Ilex hyrcana, Cotoneaster multiflora, Berberis denisflora,and various Prunus sp. and Rosa sp., and highlandsteppes.Steppe vegetation: Various species of Artemisia and Allium(18 species) as well as Thymus trautvetteri, Carexhumilis, Phleum phleoides Stipa capillata and Festucavalesiaca (along with an abundance of other grasses) aretypical for these meadows and sites with favourable conditionclose to the Iranian border. At elevations between1600 and 2500 m a.s.l. these formations, rich in geophytes,are prevalent.Floodplain, creeks: Along the numerous small creeksand villages in the highlands of Zuvand, park-like standsof wild Populus nigra and Salix alba are in good condition and offer shade to species-rich wet meadows. Otherwillow species (Salix purpurea, S. x rubens; S. caprea),Hippophae rhamnoides and some Crataegus rhipidophyllaalso grow on the floodplains. They are associatedwith other riparian plant species such as Myricaria germanica,Calamagrostis pseudophragmites and Epilobiumhirsutum. Wet meadows at the edge of the floodplainssometimes grow on up to 10 cm thick peat layers overloamy sands. They can be characterised as initial surfaceflow mires, because water seeps out at the footslopesand flows down through the meadows. Sedges(Carex distans, C. panicea, C. nigra), Festuca arundinaceaand Eleocharis uniglumis are the species with the highestabundance.


QUALITY:
Territory include Shirvan National Park (54373,5 ha), Shirvan State Nature Reserve (6232 ha) and Bandovan State Nature Sanctuary (4930 ha).The territory of the site is at the bottom of the Caspian Sea and at present it is an accumulative plain, which is 20-25 m below sea level with a slight increase in the relief westwards. In terms of climate the site lies in an area of moderate warm semi-desert and arid steppe. Summers are hot and dry and winters are moderate and dry.FloraIn the site area there are several types of vegetation. The desert type is represented by Halocnemum, Halostachys and Salicornia formations developed on solonchaks. Halocnemum vegetation occupies about 40% of the territory of the park. The main species is the Halocnemum strobilaceum. The Halostachys phytocenosis has a more complicated structure and a richer species composition than halocnemum. At the tops of the hills halostachys grows and the slopes are covered by cereals and motley grass from the ephemeral group.Salicornia vegetation has developed in a small area of the central part of the park as a result of wet salines and the high level of ground waters. As well as Salicornia europaea, there is also rankenive and tonkokhstnik.The semi-desert type of vegetation is represented by formations of sveda and ephemeral wormwood. The latter formation, which occupies 40% of the park area, has the richest species composition. Wormwood dominates, and among ephemera 20-25 species are met, including mast cereals: Poa bulbosa, Bromus, wall barley (Hordeum leporinum), etc.Meadow-type vegetation is developed in the park on chals (humid lowerings on the relief). The herbage is two-layered and is formed of Alhagi (first layer) and Aeluropus repens (second layer). In some places Artemisia and wall barley (Hordeum leporinum) are found.Fauna Among amphibians there are green toad, Hylidae and lake frog. Among reptiles there are swamp, Caspian and Mediterranean turtles, lizard, water snake (Natrix natrix) and water snake, Vipera lebetina and others. According to the existing data there are bustard (Otides), Francolinus, little bustard (Otis tetrax), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis), peregrine (Falco peregrinus), saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and Pterocletes orientalis. In winter, there are many migratory birds on the water bodies: gray goose (Anser anser), mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchus), pintail (Anas acuta) and others.Among rare mammals species there are gazelle (Gazella sulguturossa), wild boar, wolf, jackal, jungle cat (Felis chaus), fox, badger, European hare and others.  Francolinus francolinus, bustard (Otidis), little bustard (Otis tetrax), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis), peregrine (Falco peregrinus), saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and Mediterranean turtle are listed in Red Book.The main protected objects are the natural semi-desert complexes of the south-eastern Shirvan, with the world's biggest population of gazelle (Gazella sulgutturosa) and the water-wading ecosystem, which is a place of nesting, a migration route and wintering area for many valuable bird species (western part of the Shor-Gel Lake).

DESIGNATION:
The main objective of establishment site is to protection of rich biodiversity of semi desert areas.  The main protected objects are the natural semi-desert complexes of the south-eastern Shirvan, with the world's biggest population of gazelle (Gazella sulgutturosa) and the water-wading ecosystem, which is a place of nesting, a migration route and wintering area for many valuable bird species (western part of the Shor-Gel Lake).

OTHERCHARACT:
Proposed site covers South-East Shirvan lowland, located in the mouth of the Koura River, right bank, eastern border of Salyan-Baku motorway, south-eastern part of Shirvan Plain, Caspian Sea coast from Cape Byandovan to mouth of the Kura River


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2011). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Alekperov Kh.M., Gidajatov J.Kh., Aliev F.F. Mammals. Azerbaijan fauna // Baku, Elm, 1978: . (in Azeri).5. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: .6. Gadjiev D.V. Eldar Upper-Sarmat hipparion fauna // Baku, Elm, 1997: .7. Red book of Azerbaijan  // Baku, Sharq-Qarb, 2013:

QUALITY:
Aggol Lake is the most famous steppe lake ecosystem in Azerbaijan an oasis for the thousands of birds that breed, rest during migration or come from the north for winter time.The first attempt to protect the lake was taken in February 1964 when a sanctuary was established here in an area of 9173 hectares. In March 1978 the water body of the lake was given a status of a strictly protected reserve, the area of which accounted for 4400 hectares. Since July 2003 Aggol Lake has become a national park, the area of which was extended up to 17924 hectares (Aggol National Park).In the past, the lake was the part of the huge floodplain in the Kura lowland. Now, it is the part of the complex irrigation system which was established after the construction of the Mingachevir Water Reservoir. Aggol is a shallow lake with brackish waters the depth of which ranges from 0, 5 to 2, 5 m. It is surrounded by a broad belt reed beds. As a typical steppe lake its water level declines during the hot season reaching the lowest point in the late summer. The National Park area encompasses not only wetlands but also adjacent typical steppe and semi-desert landscapes.The main reason for the protecting the lake system is its international significance as a refuge for endangered bird species included in the IUCN "Red List" and the "Red Data Book" of Azerbaijan Republic. These are lesser white-fronted goose, white-headed duck, marbled duck, ferruginous duck, little bustard, little comorant, as well as flamingoes, pelicans, all 7 species of herons and a variety of species of ducks, geese, rails, waders and others. For at least 3 species Aggol comprises up to 10 percent of the world's population.Until early 1960s goitred gazelles of Azerbaijan occurred in the steppes around the Aggol lake. Wolf, jackal, fox, hare, a lot of bats are found here and in the reed beds there is a robust population of rare and amazing reed cat.Visitors of the National Park can easily observe most of these animals.

DESIGNATION:
The objective in establishing the site is to ensure the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems and endangered species.

OTHERCHARACT:
Semi-desert, wetlands listed in the "Ramsar List" of the "Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat" (Ramsar, Iran, 1971)


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2011). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Alekperov Kh.M., Gidajatov J.Kh., Aliev F.F. Mammals. Azerbaijan fauna // Baku, Elm, 1978: 194 pp. (in Azeri).5. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.6. Gadjiev D.V. Eldar Upper-Sarmat hipparion fauna // Baku, Elm, 1997: 343 pp.7. Red book of Azerbaijan SSR // Baku, Ishyg, 1989: 19-49.Sokolov V.E., A.K.Tembotov. Insectivores. Mammals // Vertebrates of the Caucasus. Moskva, Nauka, 1989: 548 pp.

QUALITY:
The Gyzyl-Agach emerald site is situated on the southwestern coast of the Caspian on an area of 88.8 thousand hectares including 62 hectares of water area. The major area consist of The Gyzyl-Agach state reserve (88,360 hectares), which was established in 1929 for the protection and reproduction of wintering and migratory waterfowl, wader and steppe birds. In 1975, the reserve was classified as being of international significance, mainly as a habitat for waterfowl and coastal birds. The territory of the reserve is an important place for the rest and wintering of migratory birds in the Caspian region, where many bird species from northern Europe stay. A typical feature of the Gyzyl-Agach reserve is the extreme dynamic connected between the variation in the level of the Caspian Sea, the wandering of the Kura and Araks River beds, and anthropogenic activity. At present the territory of the reserve is coastal lowlands, which is below sea level and with a different set of natural and artificial water reservoirs. The maximum height is in the Kulagin area in the center of the reserve - 24.5 m below sea-level; the minimum height varies depending on the level of the Caspian and during the period of the reserve's existence has ranged from 26 to 29 m; in 1995 it was 26.4 m. There are 248 species of birds in the reserve, including Francolinus francolinus, grey goose (Anser anser), white-fronted goose (Anseralbifrons), Little bustard (Otis tetrax), Plegadis falsinellus, Platalea leucorodia, Nycticorax nycticorax, Phoenicopteri, Branta ruficallis, peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), Pelecanidae, buff-backed herons (Cochlearis cochlearis), pond herons (Ardeola ralloides), swans and others. The rise in the level of the Caspian has resulted in the formation of vast shallow gulfs with rich feeding grounds, due to which the number of wintering waterfowl has increased. The great concentration of ducks and coots on the open areas of the gulfs, pink flocks of feeding flamingos (Phoenicpteri), white clouds of swans, white herons standing alone in the water. Rallidoe and tlumerous other Limicolae and typical features of a winter view of the Gyzyl-Agach reserve. On the migration route along the western coast of the Caspian great flocks of migratory birds feed and rest. Ducks and swans are attracted by the shallow waters that are rich in sub-water vegetation and mollusks. Flocks of geese and little bustard (Otis tetrax) feed in semi-deserts. The mild climate crates favorable conditions for the wintering of hundreds of bird species. In some years 5-7 million birds have wintered here. There are also wild boar, wolf, jackal, jungle cat, badger, otter, fox and other mammals. There are 54 species of fish in the waters of the reserve: sazan, pike perch, Rutilus frisii kutum, Mugilidae, Salmonidae and others.

DESIGNATION:
The main objective in designation of the site is to protect and increase migratory waters, swamp and field birds and also to protect natural water swampy landscape areas. The territory of the area included to Ramsar Convention list.

OTHERCHARACT:
At present the relief of the area is characterized by the alternation of low (up to 1 m) ridges and open hollows and old silty riverbeds. In some places there are separated former riverbeds - akhmazes; for the northern part Ishores plain lowlands with salines are typical.


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2011). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 4. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.5. Red book of Azerbaijan  // Baku, 2013  6. Vereshchagin N.K. Mammals of the Caucasus (History of the fauna formation) // Moskva - Leningrad, Ac. Sci. of USSR, 1959: 703 pp. Note: Almost all publications are in Russian.

QUALITY:
lOCATION- Caspian  sea coast notheastern Azerbaijan ECONET  Caspian  sea coastMAIN BIOMES- Freshwater marine and forestPROTECTED AREAS- Samur - Yalama National Park 11000 ha

DESIGNATION:
The objective in establishing the site is to ensure the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems and endangered species and i protect and increase migratory waters, swamp and field birds and also to protect natural water swampy landscape areas.

OTHERCHARACT:
While the forestless eastern foothills of the Greater Caucasus, from Baku to near the Caspian Sea, end in a semi-desert climate the further north one gets the more humid the climate becomes. Quite far in the north east of Azerbaijan it is humid enough already for the varied Caucasian deciduous forests to flourish as far as to the immediate vicinity of the Caspian Sea. This is the popular recreation area around Nabran.  The Caucasian lowland forests are special natural gems that have to be protected. The pressure on these relic forests has assumed alarming proportions during the last few years: urban sprawl, especially caused by the building of summerhouses; felling of trees mainly to gain firewood; and using the forest to graze sheep are the main culprits.. The areas remaining aren't large, but all the more worthy of protection


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2011). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.5. Red book of Azerbaijan  // Baku, 2013  6. Vereshchagin N.K. Mammals of the Caucasus (History of the fauna formation) // Moskva - Leningrad, Ac. Sci. of USSR, 1959: 703 pp. Note: Almost all publications are in Russian.

QUALITY:
From late summer till winter millions of birds fly over the peninsula on their way South or take a rest here. It is a spectacular sight when swarms of up to 1000 pelicans or flamingos fly at low height over the desolate peninsula towards the open sea. Reeds or low shrubs are teeming with small birds, frequently rarities, amongst others, like Ortolane bunting, Oriental skylarks and different kinds of Wheatear. The migration of birds of prey can be especially imposing: hundreds of Honey bussard fighting shy to fly towards the open sea; big falcons like Peregrine falcons and Saker falcons are not seldom here; Marsh-, Hen-, Montagu's and Pallid harrier are swinging close to the ground. While wandering in autumn, one regularly scares away resting short-eared owls. Often enormous amounts of water birds and waders are gathered in the small ponds of the peninsula and in water areas near the coast. Only few species breed here, almost all others are only visiting the National Park to rest undisturbed.Obviously, foxes and jackals are beneficiaries of the many birds. Both are often to be found here and their tracks are everywhere on the sand. Apart from dead fish washed ashore or, more seldom, the carcass of a seal, birds are the basic food for their large population.      Less spectacular than the huge amount of birds is the sparse and low vegetation.  However, an expert can find many, rare and uncommon species that only occur here on the sandshore. These species were one of the reasons for putting the peninsula under protection. Obvious even to the layman are the vast areas that are overgrown with Ephedra (Ephedra distachia). This plant is systematically set between the two big groups of the higher plants, the gymnosperms and the angiosperms. The most beautiful flower, the Persian Winds (Convolvulus persica), opens its big, white blossoms only in July. The flower grows close to the shore-line on loose sand.

OTHERCHARACT:
The area of this Proposed site in is only 1000 ha. It is situated at the outermost Southern tip of the Absheron Peninsula; a sandshore formed by the power of waves and wind, and is still growing continuously. Before the latest rise of the sea level, the peninsula had been a military no-go area. Additionally, melons were grown intensively at the base of the sandshore. The fields, formerly pushed by bulldozers into the dunes, were long ago flooded and provide a suitable habitat for the sea birds, frogs and insects. The biggest part of the Site, however, consists of 'virgin' nature, that is still subject to constant change under the influence of water, wind and changing sea levels. Only a few years ago the outmost part of the headlands was separated from the peninsula and became a long sandy island itself. Many sea birds, mainly terns and seagulls, are breeding here now. In summer it is an important resting place for the unique Caspian seal, the only seal living in salt water outside the oceans. For 1.8 million years this seal has developed in isolated and independent conditions.


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2011). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966:4. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.5. Red book of Azerbaijan  // Baku, 2013  6. Vereshchagin N.K. Mammals of the Caucasus (History of the fauna formation) // Moskva - Leningrad, Ac. Sci. of USSR, 1959: 703 pp. Note: Almost all publications are in Russian.

QUALITY:
Low, semi-arid mountains, including the flat summits of Beukdash, Kichikdash, Kagnizdag, Djingirdag and the dry stream of Djeirankechmez. Some trees and bushes on the eastern slopes (wild Pyrus,Ficus, Punica, etc.). Quarrying for limestone has taken place in the past.Azerbaijan still did not make use to the maximum of its potential for top-ranking protected areas. Only recently, some landscapes came into focus. A study  conducted research in a 5,500 km? large area of greater Gobustan. Not only a fascinating landscape with its manifold mud volcanoes was subject of investigation, but also the potential for nature protection, development perspectives for tourism and recreation as well as sustainable agricultural development was assessed. Maybe the landscape of Gobustan will be next to being declared an official protected area project of Azerbaijan. Amazingly, no one really seemed to recognise the potential of Gobustan, apart from a few herdsmen and oil explorers. Seldom one will come across thisdiscrepancy a second time - the crowded capital Baku and the almost empty landscape in the direct neighbourhood. Of course there is no water available and also no lush vegetation. Yet, the undulating scenery is more than attractive for hiking, horse riding or mountain biking. One hundred or more years ago, Gobustan must have been full of Gazelles. On the rather rocky hills and mountains Turs occurred in large numbers. Uncontrolled hunting obliterated both species. At present, mammals are seldom met; it is usually rabbits, foxes or jackals. Frequently great raptors are surprising the visitor: the Black Vulture, the Griffon Vulture, and the Egyptian Vulture also the Golden Eagle, the Long-legged Buzzard and sometimes even a great Falcon (Peregrine, Lanner, Saker).  But in general, Gobustan is the Lark's country. Most of all, the Starling sized Calandra Lark breeds basically all over the territory. In winter this species groups in large flocks which fly around rather aimlessly. Further Lark species are: the Shore Lark, the Skylark, the Woodlark, the Lesser Short-toed Lark and the Short-toed Lark. As almost everywhere in the country, the most attractive season is spring. At the farm-stead's, the annual seasonal migration to the Great Caucasus is prepared whereas in every hole within the walls and under every roof, bird life is thriving. Uncountable hosts of Red-coloured Starling (Pastor roseus), Lesser Kestrels (Falco naumanni) some Rock Sparrows (Petronia petronia) singularly Little Owls (Athene noctua) as well as Hoopoe (Upupa epops) breed or already feed their chicks. On the tips of rare bushes Corn- and Black-headed Buntings as well as Red-backed Shrikes, Woodchat- and Lesser Grey Shrikes sit around in steppe and loamy and sandy walls.In steep, loamy and sandy walls Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) and Blue cheeked Bee-eater (M. persicus) set up their breeding caverns, whereas on little water holes Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea) and the rare Sociable Plover (Chettusia gregarina) can be met. If in some years Gobustan will be a protected area, it is to hope that everything will be done to encourage gazelles and tur to return. It is very likely that the income from tourism will make up for the financial shortcuts which arise due to restricted sheep husbandry. This will be beneficial to the welfare of nature, to recreation seeking visitors and to the improvement of the local inhabitants who live under difficult conditions - a challenging but remunerative project for nature protection and regional development. Strict Cultural Reserve GobustanThe reserve Gobustan, founded in 1966 with a size of 4,400 ha is and has been from the beginning a chimera, a compound creature, neither fish, nor meat, and therefore, hardly able to survive. Its official name is "Historical-cultural Strict Reserve Gobustan" and it belongs administratively to the Ministry of Culture. De facto it seems to be both: an archaeological protected area as well as a nature protected area. From the very beginning it had large problems with protecting the cultural and natural heritage. Until the 1970s on one of the plateaus of the two archaeologically most important hills, intensive exploitation of stone destroyed all existing archaeological evidence. Up to now, no surveillance and control takes place, which results in the apparent damage of the famous stone paintings. To protect these valuable historical paintings and the extraordinary nature too little, not to say anything takes place. The world-wide famous rock paintings of today, partly dating back to pre-historical times of mankind (Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age to modern times) only came into scientific focus in the 1940s and became known to the public after WW II. During exploration more than 6,000 stone paintings were discovered, mainly animals and hunting scenes, but also depictions of humans. Many animal species can be determined easily, among others these are horses, wild donkeys, aurochs, camel, goitred gazelles, Saiga Antelope, Bezoar Goat, deer, wild boar, wolfs, lions, cats, seals, birds, reptiles, and scorpions. During excavations many bone fragments were found, in particular of the preferably hunted prey, such as gazelles and horses. Painted hunting scenes show hunt for wild boar with the help of dogs. Concerning the age of the paintings, opinions differ slightly. An age of 8,000 years can be considered as proven. Less confirmed opinions assure an age between 18,000 to 30,000 years. Whatever is true, the stone paintings of Gobustan belong to the world cultural heritage of humanity and tell about the natural state in the past. It is assured that humid climatic periods changed with dry periods. Paintings of the forest cow Aurochs imply that the conditions for forest were given in the greater region of Gobustan at a certain time. Today, the climate only allows semi-desert vegetation and the corresponding animals. Still until the end of the 19th century large flocks of gazelles crossed Gobustan and on the rocky hills Turs occurred frequently. Those times are all over and done, although gazelles slowly seem to begin to recover in the region as populations emigrate from Shirvan National Park. If the ban in hunting is preserved in future, the resettlement in Gobustan should only be a question of some years. When visiting the stone paintings in the warm period of the year, the most conspicuous animal species almost always encountered are the agame - sitting on almost every rock, the Rock Nuthatch - with its characteristic call not to ignore and the red spooned Chough -breeding regularly in rock crevice.

DESIGNATION:
.The main objective of establishment site is to protection of rich biodiversity of semi desert areas.  The main protected objects are the natural semi-desert complexes of the semi desert areas and important bird spicies.

OTHERCHARACT:
The climate of Gobustan is a dry semi subtropical one, with rather mild winters and very hot dry summers. An atmospheric precipitation is small and so are the springs of Big Caucasus area.The presence of rare and wild flora testifies that the climate of Gobustan.some tens of thousands of years ago was damper, and the atmospheric precipitation was sufficient, so springs were abounding with water.In the remote past, the flora and fauna of Gobustan were incomparably richer. Its landscape represented a kind of savannah with corresponding climate. Here were large herds of wild bulls, goats, deer, wild horses, donkeys, wild boars, and gazelles hunted by lions, wolves, wild cats and leopards.Flora[edit]The vegetative world of Gobustan has a character that is common for deserts and semi-deserts. It consists of ephemeris grasses and bushes, wormwood and similar long-term plants. Among heaps of stones and rocks a wild rose, a dwarfish cherry, Hibernianhoneysuckle, a juniper, wild pear, wild fig, wild pomegranate, grapes and some other kinds of trees and bushes are rather often met decorating the stern landscape.Fauna[edit]The fauna of Gobustan has strongly grown poor for the last decades of years. The natural inhabitants of Gobustan now are rare foxes, jackals, wolves, hares and wild cats, mountain chickens, wild pigeons, larks alongside with numerous snakes and lizards and some others.


QUALITY:
After the Volga, the Kura River isthe second biggest river draining into the Caspian (CEP2002) and the most important water source in theSouthern Caucasus (Hoogendoorn 2005). It discharges16.8 km?/a of water into the Caspian (Volga: 237km?/a) (Dumont 1998). The Kura rises from springslocated 2,720 m a. s. l. on the Kizil-Giadik (Turkey),runs through the territory of Georgia and finally reachesthe Central Lowland of Azerbaijan, where the rivermerges with its main tributary, the Araz River .The total catchment area of the 1,515 km long KuraRiver amounts to 188,000 square kilometres, includingthe Araz. The catchment area occupies the greatest partof the Lesser Caucasus and the south-eastern GreaterCaucasus (Hoogendoorn) 2005).The recent Kura delta is located on theborder to the South Caspian basin, part of an activetectonic zone in which the Greater and Lesser Caucasusare being uplifted (Mitchell & Westaway 1999).The Kura River delta comprises 19,000 ha, of which6,340 ha are occupied by the delta and 12,600 ha areadjacent to shallow seawater areas.

DESIGNATION:
Besides GizilaghajBay the Kura Delta is the largest coastal wetlandsystem in Azerbaijan. The delta is essential for the existenceof the anadromous sturgeon. Spawning in freshwaterand feeding in nutrient-rich, brackish waters ofestuaries, the fish needs unlimited access to these areas.Unfortunately, the delta is currently densely blockedwith gill nets; especially in the northern channel it isnearly impossible for the fish to slip through.Especially for birds, the area is of high value and qualifiesfor becoming a strictly protected area. The regionhas an immense importance for resting and winteringwaterbirds, mainly ducks and waders, and in additionlarge numbers of birds breed here. Among themare many species of international conservation concernin high numbers. Up to 70,000 individuals have beencounted. Among them are globally threatened speciessuch as Dalmatian Pelican and White-headed Duck insmaller numbers.

OTHERCHARACT:
The delta’s recent shape is the result of the latest phaseof delta development, which started at the beginningof the 19th century (Mikhailov et al. 2003). Accordingto Galloway’s (1975) classification, the delta is dominatedby fluvial dynamics with redistribution of deltasediments through wave action on the northern shore.From Miocene times onwards, shallow marine and estuarinesedimentation has been dominant A folding of the basin sediments into NW-SE-orientedanticline structures (Fig. 8B) took place mainly at theend of the Pliocene, leading to the development of thenumerous volcanoes that are still active today (Hoogendoorn2005). One mud volcano is located severalkilometres offshore northeast of the Kura delta (Hoogendoorn2005).The sediments in the delta are predominantlyclay, silt and fine sand. The annual sediment volumereaching the delta averages 8,8*106 m3/a (Mikhailov2003). The deposition of sediments is asymmetrical andthe delta accretes to the southeast (120°) as a result ofthe southward currents (Hoogendoorn 2005).The active delta switched its locationand size several times as a result of sea-level fluctuations(Fig. 7) and fluvial dynamics of the Kura River. About2,500 years BP, the Kura discharged into the Gizilaghajbay, several tens of kilometres south of the present delta(Mikhailov et al. 2003).The actual shape of the delta is triangular, oriented tothe southeast and characterised by three outlets: oneartificial channel oriented northeast, one river arm tothe southeast, which is discharging to the east by an artificialshortcut, and one river arm to the south. Thenorthern artificial channel lost its primary depth due toplayed an important role in the modification and erosionof sedimentary structures (Ignatov & Solovieva2000).According to the satellite photograph taken in 1980(Photo 17), the maximum west-east extension of thedelta reached 24 km in the late 1970s and early 1980s,measured from the medium shoreline (Ignatov &Solovieva 2000). By the 1990s, the whole length of thedelta had decreased to 12 or 13 km.As visible in the picture from 1980, the northern artificialchannel already existed, whereas the southern outletseemed to be active in former times. By observing thesediment drift at the mouth of the outlets over a certainperiod of time, a change in activity can be noted.While only the eastern outlet was active in the 1980s,in 1990 both the northern and the eastern outlets wereactive. A constant sea level rise of about 15 cm/a from1977 to 1995 caused large parts of the delta to submerge(Hoogendoorn et al. 2005). The delta expanded againin 1996 due to falling sea level and rapid accretion ofsediments (Photo. 19). The aggregation of sedimentsin front of the northern channel shows that the rivermainly discharged here.The most recent satellite picture, taken in 2007 (Photo20), shows a predominant discharge to the south. Theshape of the delta has bent toward the sheltered southernside. Currently, the southern outlet splits into numeroussmaller river arms, which are 10 to 100 m wide. Situatedin the southern part of the delta, they are sheltered fromalong-shore currents and waves. The northern flank ofthe delta is composed of a barrier lagoon complex. Theeastern flank is currently susceptible to erosion as thesoutheast channel is inactive and does not transport anysediments to the front of the delta.


DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation for this site is as follows:1. Official information from Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan.2. Official information about State Counting for wild birds and animals (2014). 3. Alekperov Kh.M. Mammals of the south-western Azerbaijan // Baku, Ac. Sci. Azerb.SSR, 1966: 140 pp.4. Animal World of Azerbaijan - 3 - Vertebrates (D.Gadjiev, I.Rakhmatulina eds.) // Baku, Elm, 2000: 436-627.5. Red book of Azerbaijan  // Baku, 2013  6. Vereshchagin N.K. Mammals of the Caucasus (History of the fauna formation) // Moskva - Leningrad, Ac. Sci. of USSR, 1959: 703 pp. Note: Almost all publications are in Russian.

QUALITY:
The island covers about 70 ha and consists of a recently active, 25 m high mud volcano and a flat, narrow tail of maritime sediments.In all, it is about four kilometres long. On the spit of land, a little lagoon with changing water levels is embedded between two walls of sediments. The mudvolcano is about 700 m wide, the spit only 10 to 50 m. Climatic conditions are semi-arid with hot, dry summers and mild winters. The highest mean temperaturesat the climate station of Baku are measured in July (30.6°C) and the lowest in January (2.1°C). The annual precipitation is about 210 mm. prevents the upper soil horizons from high salt accumulation

DESIGNATION:
Gil is a more orless undisturbed and unused island and therefore hassuitable conditions for nesting birds. It has a protectionstatus as a bird sanctuary, which was establishedespecially for the protection of the breeding colony ofYellow-legged Gulls.The goals of conservation should be the preservation ofthe undisturbed vegetation of Gil and the breeding sitesof birds. In order to reach these goals, the building ofholiday houses and hunting of birds and rabbits need tobe prohibited. The population of rabbits is regulated bysummer droughts, so an artificial regulation by huntingis not necessary.

OTHERCHARACT:
The island covers about 70 ha and consists of a recently active, 25 m high mud volcano and a flat, narrow tail of maritime sediments. In all, it is about four kilometres long. On the spit of land, a little lagoon with changing water levels is embedded between two walls of sediments. The mud volcano is about 700 m wide, the spit only 10 to 50 m.


QUALITY:
Goygol and surrounding forests are famous for their abundance and charm in the world.Goygol always attracted attention for its fascinating nature and beauty, so in 1910-1912 the idea of the establishment of a reserve in the area was put on a point. As the first reserve in Azerbaijan - Goy gol State Nature Reserve was established in 1925. Then the reserve was abolished and it was re-established in accordance with the desire and proposal of the public in July 14, 1965 on the basis of the Order №475 of Azerbaijan SSR Soviet of Ministers. Goygol National Park was established in April 1, 2008 by the Order of the President of Azerbaijan Republic on the base of Goygol State Nature Reserve in the administrative territory of Khanlar (present Goygol), Dashkasan and Goranboy districts. After having the status of National Park, the territory of Goy gol State Nature Reserve enlarged from 6739 hectares up to 12 755 hectares.Goygol National Park is located on the North-East part of Lesser Caucasus, on the North Slope of Kapaz Mountain, on 1000-3060 m high from the sea level and encloses medium and high mountain-forest semizones, mountain forest-meadow, subalp and alpine zones. National Park is called by the name of Goygol Lake. And the reason for that is its transparent water which reflects surrounding green forests and blue sky as a mirror. The principal aim of the establishment of Goygol National Park is protection endemic and endangered flora and fauna species, regulation of the stability of natural complexes, creation of more favourable condition in order to carry out scientific-research works, environmental monitoring, ecological awareness of population and  development of ecotourism in the tourist potentially areas.Cold climate with dry winter prevails in the area. Annual temperature of the weather wavers between 4-10 degrees. Annual precipitation is 600-900 mm. The longest river in Goy gol National Park is the Aghsuchay – the right branch of the Kurakchay. The biggest lake in the area is Goy gol – one of the most wonderful and marvellous lakes in Azerbaijan. In 1939 as a result of earthquake occurred in Ganca, Kapaz mountain was tumbled down, blocked up the Aghsuchay river and the beautiful lake - Goy gol was formed. There are small lakes, such as Maralgol, Garagol, Zeligol, Aggol, Shamligol  and etc. in the area.The main part of the national park has a rich vegetation cover. The mountain-forest, mountain-steppe, supalp and alpine mountain-meadow vegetation ecosystem are spread in the area. The mountain forests covering 1100-2200 m height has a very rich vegetation cover and contains 80 trees and bush species. The main part of the forests are represented by oriental beech, oriental oak, Caucasian hornbeam, birch, ash tree, sharp-leaved maple, lime-tree of small-leaved trees, Kokh pine of coniferous. Of shrubs, cornel, barberry, dog rose, medlar, spindle-tree, blackberry, of herbs, Caucasian violet, dandelion, bellflower, noble chamomille, fescue, mat-grass and meadow-grass and etc. are met. They are especially spread in subalp meadows.

DESIGNATION:
Cold climate with dry winter prevails in the area. Annual temperature of the weather wavers between 4-10 degrees. Annual precipitation is 600-900 mm. The longest river in Goy gol National Park is the Aghsuchay – the right branch of the Kurakchay. The biggest lake in the area is Goy gol – one of the most wonderful and marvellous lakes in Azerbaijan. In 1939 as a result of earthquake occurred in Ganca, Kapaz mountain was tumbled down, blocked up the Aghsuchay river and the beautiful lake - Goy gol was formed. There are small lakes, such as Maralgol, Garagol, Zeligol, Aggol, Shamligol  and etc. in the area.The main part of the proposed site has a rich vegetation cover. The mountain-forest, mountain-steppe, supalp and alpine mountain-meadow vegetation ecosystem are spread in the area. The mountain forests covering 1100-2200 m height has a very rich vegetation cover and contains 80 trees and bush species. The main part of the forests are represented by oriental beech, oriental oak, Caucasian hornbeam, birch, ash tree, sharp-leaved maple, lime-tree of small-leaved trees, Kokh pine of coniferous. Of shrubs, cornel, barberry, dog rose, medlar, spindle-tree, blackberry, of herbs, Caucasian violet, dandelion, bellflower, noble chamomille, fescue, mat-grass and meadow-grass and etc. are met. They are especially spread in subalp meadows. Goygol Emerald site is also rich for its fauna. Of mammals, Caucasian red deer, roe deer, brown bear, billy goat, badger, forest cat, sable, lynx, hare, squirell, fox, hedgehog, Caucasian mole and etc., of birds quail, stock dove, wood cock, bearded vulture, black vulture, Egyptian vulture, eagle owl, owl, swan, black woodpeeker, golden oriole, wood lark, mistle thrush and etc. are spread in the area. Rare species - Caucasian red deer and forel fish (in Goy gol lake) are protected in the national park.

OTHERCHARACT:
The largest part of the proposed site (3,524 ha) is covered with mountain forests, which start as mixed Beech forest on 1,000 masl. Further main forest types are Hornbeam- and Oak forests. Exceptional for Azerbaijan where there are almost only deciduous or Junipers forests, is the occurrence of a stand of pure pine tree forest in the reserve.  On 450 ha the rare Pinus kochiana has its only occurrence in Azerbaijan. The reserve is further characterised by meadows (2,411 ha); mainly sub-alpine meadows, rocks, vertical stone walls and debris fields cover 580 ha, the lakes 109 ha and mires 9 ha. Among the 420 species of higher plants 20 species are Caucasian endemic.  As a natural highlight - not only of the proposed site but far beyond into the arid regions of Azerbaijan – the transparent and blue lakes surrounded by forest and meadows are very well known. Lake Göy Göl (Blue Lake) is located at 1,556 masl, the Maral Lake (Deer Lake) is located at 1,902masl. Additionally, but closed for visitors, few other small lakes occur at higher elevation. Since the creation of the lake following a landslide in the 12th century, two species of trout can be found which are a lake-type and a river-type. Over the last 8 centuries of genetic separation they usually appear larger than specimen from other lakes of the region. The careless dealing with the strictly protected ecosystem during Soviet times is displayed by the resettlement of 12,000 young trouts (1972 to 1976) from Lake Sevan. The Caspian Red Deer used to be very common in the reserve but diminished completely in the years after 1945. In 1961 seven heads of Red Deer immigrated into Göy Göl Strict Nature Reserve. At first, the animals were kept in pens but later on they were set free. Within less than 20 years a stable population of Deer could develop and still exits. In the alpine region around Mt. Kepez the Dagestanian Tur, Bezoar Goat as well as Chamois occur in small numbers (both below 100 heads). One of the most remarkable inhabitants of the high mountain region is the Caucasian Snowcock and the Great Rosefinch. Both species are restricted to elevations well above 2,000 masl.


QUALITY:
Upstream Garayazi the main enemy of flood plains has not slammed yet. From the spring in the Eastern Turkey to the dam near Mingachevir the whole Kura has been spared by dams, dykes and further constructive measurements. The dynamic of the ri-ver is uninfluenced. Every spring several flood waves bring high water marks, vast quantities of erosion material (about 2.6 t per second) and chan¬ges of the river course. Those are the most important premises for the formation of flood plain fo¬rests, dynamics.A section of the river bed and the connected terraces of the valley roughly show the following picture: On many gravel islands in the river bed nothing grows at all, because they are too young or too often flooded, higher situated banks of gravel are conquered by Tamarix spec. and Willows (Salix triandra). At the edges of river branches stand the forests from Black Poplar (Populus nigra), Willows (Salix alba) and Alders (Alnus glutinosa). Still somewhat farther apart from the river, but re¬gu¬larly reached by the floods, stand the impressive Grey Poplar (Populus canescens). Yet farther from the river, where the flood arrives at only rarely or not at all, lime tree, maple, hornbeam, elm and oaks dominate the forests, however the further one departs from the river and the more near one comes to the villages, the less forest survived. Partially the forests are completely destroyed. Unfortunately it must be determined that the forest destruction proceeded, also in the strictly pro¬tected area never so fast, like just now. Since 2000 the supply of gas of the villages has been interrupted on the account of rotten pipelines, the inhabitants – after all 10.000 in the surrounding villages – are completely de-pendent on timber for their heating and kitchen. This has understandably de¬vas¬ta¬ting consequences on the tree stock in the proximate vicinity of the villages, but also on the forest in the protected area. A solution is not yet on the horizon.

DESIGNATION:
It is almost forgotten and unfortunately locally not at all appreciated, that the flood plain forests near Garayazi are obviously the oldest protected forest area world-wide (except for religiously motivated protective forests). Already 1701 the Russian Czar subordinated it as a personal reserve for hunting to a strict regime, which com¬ple¬¬tely or at least to a great extent excluded the use by forestry. While the following 300 years the protection status of the area often has been forgotten, ignored or deceived. From the second half of the 19th century until 1978 different forms of protection exis¬ted, practically all under the aspect of hunting and not of protection of forests or eco-systems. The degradation of forests proceeded undi¬mi¬nished, sad to say even af¬ter the Strict Nature Reserve Garayazi was founded in March 1978 on 5.900 ha. Unfortu¬nately it has not been successful to prohibit illegal uses like grazing, agri¬cul¬ture, timber harvest among others, which have long tradition and economic rele¬vance for the population of the surrounding villages. Large areas of forests, par¬ti¬cularly on a bit elevated terraces of the river, are in the mean¬while annihilated or are close to annihilation.

OTHERCHARACT:
Flood plains belong to the most endangered ecosystems all over Europe. By river engineering (river correction, canalization, dams) and pollution, at least in Central Europe, flood plains up to smallest residues disappeared. In principle the situation doesn’t look different. Huge water engineering projects as amelioration and irrigation of wide areas in the Kura-Araz lowland changed practically all rivers las¬ting¬ly. It is to add the practically complete absence of local and industrial se¬wa¬ge treat¬ment plants and the traditional abuse of the rivers to refuse disposal. The giant belt of flood plain forests, which 50 years ago accompanied the Kura through the whole country, except most miserable condemned to die residues, vanished down¬stream the dams of Mingachevir. However, long prehistory, lucky circumstances and wise foresight, but less merit, pre-served a treasure in Azerbaijan, which is scratched, but can with some effort be res-tored to old glamour. Meant is the protected area Garayazi, a huge flood plain forest at the middle reaches of Kura, directly at the border to Georgia.It is almost forgotten and unfortunately locally not at all appreciated, that the flood plain forests near Garayazi are obviously the oldest protected forest area world-wide (except for religiously motivated protective forests). Already 1701 the Russian Czar subordinated it as a personal reserve for hunting to a strict regime, which com¬ple¬¬tely or at least to a great extent excluded the use by forestry. While the following 300 years the protection status of the area often has been forgotten, ignored or deceived. From the second half of the 19th century until 1978 different forms of protection exis¬ted, practically all under the aspect of hunting and not of protection of forests or eco-systems. The degradation of forests proceeded undi¬mi¬nished, sad to say even af¬ter the Strict Nature Reserve Garayazi was founded in March 1978 on 5.900 ha. Unfortu¬nately it has not been successful to prohibit illegal uses like grazing, agri¬cul¬ture, timber harvest among others, which have long tradition and economic rele¬vance for the population of the surrounding villages. Large areas of forests, par¬ti¬cularly on a bit elevated terraces of the river, are in the mean¬while annihilated or are close to annihilation. Unfortunately, the pressure to exploit reaches even the central parts of the pro¬tected area had thinned out the forest at many sites in an unnatural way. However, as in many protected areas of Azerbaijan, inaccessibility is the best supporter of con¬ser¬va-tion. In the flood plain and lowland forests of Garayazi a plant is to add, the Prick-bindweed (Smilax excelsa), that whole forest horsts entwines and protects from man and domestic animals by its acute spines. Thus, despite centuries of con¬tinuous use still impressing residues of the former river-accompanying forests have remained, with them a surprisingly rich animal world Upstream Garayazi the main enemy of flood plains has not slammed yet. From the spring in the Eastern Turkey to the dam near Mingachevir the whole Kura has been spared by dams, dykes and further constructive measurements. The dynamic of the ri-ver is uninfluenced. Every spring several flood waves bring high water marks, vast quantities of erosion material (about 2.6 t per second) and chan¬ges of the river course. Those are the most important premises for the formation of flood plain fo¬rests, dynamics.


QUALITY:
The territory of site is mainly mountainous. The climate of the district is represented by the climate of cold semi-deserts and dry steppes with a dry summer. Soils are mainly sierozems and meadow- sierozems, along the Araz river valley they are alluvial-meadow carbonate. The development of  topsoil is in strict accordance with the vertical distribution of zone. The mountain-chestnut soil with plateau -xerophite-phrygoide vegetation and post-timber meadows and meadows steppes are spread in the low-mountain areas and in the low part of the middle-mountain areas; mountain-timber brown typical and alcali soil with high mountain - Subalpine meadows and meadow steppes are spread in the middle mountain areas. In the high-mountain area mountain-meadow turf soil with high-mountain alpine meadowa are developed. In some places separate forest blades dominated with Araz beeches  have been preserved.The area is rich in rare plants and fauna species. Nakhcivan Autonomous Republic is a distinguished place in Azerbaijan for richness of its ornitofauna. There are 217 birds species and subspecies in the region of which 15 species are listed in the Red Data Book. These are Levant Sparrowhawk, Great White Pelican , Dalmatian Pelican, White-tailed Eagle, Lammergeyer, Short-toed Eagle, Great Bustard, Little Bustard and other birds. Six species of amphibians are found in the area, which are Syrian Agama, Green Toad, Common Tree Frog, Short-legged Marsh Frog.Thirty eight species and subspecies of reptiles are found in the area. Of them 5 are turtles, 12 species and sub-species of snakes. Mediterranean Spur-thighed Tortoise, Caucasian Pit Viper, Trans-Caucasian Rat Snake are all under protection and listed in the Red Data Book.Sixty two mammal species and subspecies occur in the area. These are Blazilius Horseshoe Bat, Southern Horseshoe Bat, Porcupine, Manul, Bezoar Goat, Caucasian Muflon.The area is a habitat for a number canivorous animals such as: leopard, wolf, jackal, fox, stripped hyena, badger, wild cat and other predators numbering 12 species in total.The area is also rich in rare plants. Thus, of the total 110 species of higher and rare plants, 77 grow in the area. Iris elegantissima, Himantoglossum formosum, Dorema Glabrum and other plants can be found here.Along with the diverse flora and fauna this site is the place where there are a lot of natural and historical monuments.

DESIGNATION:
The objective pursued in the creation of the site is to protect different components of the which has a distinctive climate, terrain and other physical geographical features as well as various animal species including endemics and species of fauna that are typical to this area.  Arpachay Sanctuary are on the territory of site.

OTHERCHARACT:
Territory  covers the mountainous territory of Nakhchivan. Its relief increases to 600-3900 m. The main forms of relief are: cones of drift, river terraces and alluvial plains.The teretory of proposed iste is 70000 ha and located at the Daralayaz mountainos range and spreads of the north-west part of Nakhchvan AR along the border with Armenia.The biggest river in site is Arpachay. 3000 species higher plants and 60 % of fauna of Azerbaijan are found here.


DOCUMENTATION:
A. Lepirica (2005): Basic morphological and morphostructural characteristics of the Rakitnica canyon (Dinaric karst, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Acta carsologica, Vol. 34-No.2, Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Ljubljana.

QUALITY:
Site is special by its canyon character, for it is in some places up to 1000m deep and 1.5m wide. From standpoint of geomorphology it comprises excellent examples of magnificient karst phenomena. Thanks to its isolated position and specific geological history, it has provided shelter for many forms of life which are considered to be relict and endemic. Upper sides of the canyon are covered by highly valuable and rare vegetation types.

DESIGNATION:
Site is designated as a nature reserve in the year

OTHERCHARACT:
Main of the site body makes canyon that is considered to be one of the most magnificient canyons in Europe.


QUALITY:
Site doesn't support many endemic or rare species, but thanks to its well preserved structure of ecosystems, mainly woods, it hides enormous diversity of life.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site is characterized by Neretva river which is main water course that flows into Adriatic Sea.


QUALITY:
Site comprises well preserved wilderness which is disturbed only occasionaly by organized tours of mountaineering societies. It is covered by large broadleaved wood complex which hides diversity of both plant and animal life.

DESIGNATION:
There is a designation plan for entire area to become next national park in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


DOCUMENTATION:
H.Ritter-Studnicka (1957) : Flora i vegetacija na dolomitima BiH. God. Bio. Inst. X, 1-2, Sarajevo.C. Silic (1990) : Endemicne biljke. Svjetlost, Sarajevo.

QUALITY:
Site is important for its unique geological substrata-dolomite. It is characterized by specific dolomite flora and vegetation which contains many relict and stenoendemic plants mixed with numerous plants that belong to alpine floral element. Therefore, this site is considered to be an important refugium for very rare plant species and communities.

DESIGNATION:
There isn't designation for this site yet.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site is an important part of much broader dolomite complex in the area around Konjic city.


QUALITY:
In some of its parts site is in a good condition, and represent example of rare habitat types in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It supports diversity of rare and even relict species, which is connected to the specific geological past of this site. It is core area of well known endemic centre Cvrsnica-Cabulja-Prenj.

DESIGNATION:
Plan to designate the site as a heart of future national park has been existing for decades.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site is a large fluvioglacial valley, with high geomorphological value.


QUALITY:
Site is highly valuable, although it has suffered strong human impacts. It is important  part of natural network of habitats that are considered by Emerald site's proposal.

DESIGNATION:
Site isn't designated as protected area.

OTHERCHARACT:
There are areas within the site with dolomite substrata accompanied by flora and vegetation on dolomite which includes many rare and endemic species. Site is situated in supramediterranean belt on horizontal profile of BiH.


QUALITY:
Because of its unique position, in remote area of Dinaric Alps, site is of excellent quality. It is important for it supports diversity of life in various ecosystem types, from acidophilous oak woods to high mountain pastures and snowbed communities. It posses high nature conservation potential.

DESIGNATION:
Site comprises one of two actual national parks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, NP Sutjeska.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site includes one of the last primeval forest in Europe. Therefore it is marked by high biodiversity level.


DOCUMENTATION:
Barudanovic, S., (2003) : Ekolosko-vegetacijska diferencijacija liscarsko-listopadnih  suma planine Vranice.Ph.D thesis, Faculty of Science, Sarajevo University.Dug, S., (2005) :

OTHERCHARACT:
Site is a single silicate massif on the territory of BiH, it originates from Palaeozic Era. It is rich with fresh water, standing (glacial lake), and running (rivulets, springs, brooks etc.). Therefore it is rich with bog and fern communities.


QUALITY:
Site is well preserved due to efforts of local community and NGO's.

DESIGNATION:
Vjetrenica cave which is situated within the site is designated as

OTHERCHARACT:
Site encompasses the largest and in terms of geomorphological, hydrological and biological diversity most important cave in this region of Europe known as Vjetrenica. Carst phenomena come here to its full blaze.


DOCUMENTATION:
Laboratoire d'écologie et de biologie aquatique 1999: Diversité biologique et typologie des étangs et petits lacs de Suisse. Neuf Etang. OFEFP.
Bassin, P. et Gaillard, M. 1989: Etude de la réserve naturelle de Bonfol. Rapport à l'attention de l'OEPN.
Bouvier, JC 1998: L'hydrographie historique de la Vendline. L'HÔTÂ 22:27-38. Association pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine rural jurassien.
Meury, F. et Flury, F.1989: Etangs de Bonfol. Etape IX: surélévation des digues du Pont-Neuf. Travaux d'exécution. Rapport à l'attention de l'OEPN.
Verneaux, J et al. 1971: Etudes biologiques et écologiques des étangs et du ruisseau de la réserve naturelle de Bonfol (Suisse). Script 38p. CTGREF, Paris.
Monnerat, C. 1993: Etude faunistique des Odonates du Canton du Jura et des zones limitrophes. Actes soc. jur. Emul. 1993: 1-99.
Berger, E 1955: La flore des Etangs de Bonfol et de ceux de la région française avoisinante. Recueil d'études et de travaux scientifiques pp. 171-188. 135ème session de la SHSN, Porentruy 24-26.9.1955. Soc. Jur. d'Emulation.

QUALITY:
Un des derniers refuges en Suisse pour les espèces éphémères des étangs à niveau variable (Bidention, Nanocyperion, Littorellion). Plusieurs de ces habitats sont visés par la Résolution no 4/1996. Il en va de même pour la majorité des forêts environnantes, qui abritent toutefois une flore moins exceptionnelle que celle des étangs. Le site abrite également de nombreux batraciens et invertébrés (libellules) menacés.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site correspond aux deux objets contigus de l'inventaire fédéral des sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale Ju 7500 "Etangs Rougeats" et JU 7501 "Etangs de Bonfol". Il est en grande partie couvert par le paysage d'importance nationale IFP 1101 "Etangs de Bonfol", et comprend également un bas-marais d'importance nationale (BM 494 "Neuf Etang").

OTHERCHARACT:
Etangs creusés autrefois par l'Evêché de Bâle pour l'élevage des carpes. "Assainis" et réaménagés dans les années 1970, ainsi que partiellement en 1986-1989, après leur mise sous protection.


DOCUMENTATION:
Richard, J-L.1975, Carte de la végétation du Clos du Doubs.Mat.levé géobot de la Suisse 47
Krähenbühl, Ch. 1962: La Vallée du Doubs. Historique, géologie et flore (suivi du catalogue des animaux et des plantes). Actes de la Soc jurassienne d'émulation 66: 53ss

QUALITY:
Le site comprend une zone alluviale d'un système fluvial jurassien, dernier refuge de l'apron (Zingel asper), un poisson gravement menacé.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond à la partie située dans le canton du Jura du paysage d'importance nationale IFP 1006. Il englobe les zones alluviales d'importance nationale no 144 et 145 et plusieurs sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale. La zone contient quelques prairies et pâturages secs d'importance régionale ou locale (JU).


DOCUMENTATION:
Bureau Natura, 1996: Tourbière de la Gruère (no 2). Evaluation succinte du site. Lignes directrices de gestion. Mandat de l'inspection de la protection de la nature du canton de Berne.
Joray, M., 1942: L'étang de la Gruère. Jura Bernois. Etude pollenanalytique et stratigraphique de la tourbière. Mat. lev. géobot. Suisse 25, Huber, Bern.
Nombreux travaux de licence.

QUALITY:
Hauts-marais magnifiquement formés autour du pittoresque Etang de la Gruère. Richesse maximale pour plusieurs groupes parmi les hauts-marais juarssiens.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale "Etang de la Gruère "SM no 7. Il englobe deux bas-marais, un haut-marais et un site de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale et un bas marais d'importance régionale (JU).


DOCUMENTATION:
-Chastain A. 1952. Recherches écologiques et floristiques sur le "Pinetum" de la haute tourbière de la Vraconnaz. Thèse. Universitéà de Lausanne.
-Ecoconseil SA (la Chaux-de-Fonds). 1997. Colonisation de la tourbière de la Vraconnaz par les coléoptères aquatiques suite au glissement de 1987. Rapport final. Mandat de la Conservation de la nature, chemin du Marquisat 1, CH-1025 St-Sulpice.
-Feldmeyer-Christe E. 1995. La Vraconnaz, une tourbière en mouvement. Dynamique de la végétation dans une tourbière soumise à un glissement de terrain. Botanica Helvetica 105: 55-73.
-Mulhauser & al. 1987. Les arthropodes de la Mouille de la Vraconnaz. Bull. romand Entomol. 5:61-91.
- Speight, M.C. & Castella, E. 2001: Melanogaster parumplicate (Loew) (Diptera: Syrphidae) nouvelle espèce pour la Suisse, et autres espèces de Syrphidae de la tourbière de la Vraconnaz (Vaud). Bull. Romand Entom. 19:1-4.

QUALITY:
Il s'agit d'une des plus importantes tourbières bombées du Jura suisse. Le site, qui comprend un bas-marais et un haut-marais d'importance nationale, est inscrit à l'inventaire fédéral des sites marécageux. La partie la plus humide occupe une combe anticlinale bordée de deux rangées de dolines. Les flancs de la cuvette sont occupées par divers types de forêts montagnardes, en partie sur des dalles calcaires (lapiez). L'ensemble présente un grand intérêt géomorphologique. Les habitats visés par la Résolution N0 4 (1996) couvrent la majeure partie du site.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond à celui du site marécageux d'importance nationale SM 9 "La Vraconne". Ce périmètre contient un bas-marais d'importance nationale (FM 3690) et un haut-marais d'importance nationale (HM 22).


DOCUMENTATION:
Naceur N. et Büttiker B, 1999: La palée du lac de Joux: statistiques de pêche des reproducteurs; âge, croissance et fécondité, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. 86.4:273-296.
Lang B, 1993. Abondance et croissance de la palée et de la perche du lac de Joux: évaluation de méthodes empiriques. Conservation de la faune du Canton de Vaud. Rapport interne non publié. 11p.
Lang B, 1995. Evolution du stock de palées dans le lac de Joux suivie à partir de la pêche de reproducteurs de 1972 à 1994.  Conservation de la faune du Canton de Vaud. Rapport interne non publié. 10p.
Lang B, Reymond O., Strawczynski A. et Vioget P., 1998. Evolution chimique et biologique du lac de Joux entre 1985 et 1997. Note commune du laboratoire d'hydrbiologie du Service des forêts, de la faune et de la nature et du laboratoire du Service des eaux  et de la protection de l'environnement. Rapport interne non publié. 2p.
Aubert D., 1941. Atlas géologique de la Suisse 1:25'000, feuille 1221 Le Sentier, Berne.
Aubert D., 1943. Monographie géologique de la vallée de Joux. Mat. pour la carte géol. de la Suisse, nouvelle série, 78e livraison, Berne.
Gallandat JD., 1982. Prairies marécageuses du Haut-Jura (Molinietalia, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae et Phragmitetea). Mat. Levé Géobaot. Suisse 58, 327 p et 3 cartes h.t.
Galandat JD. et Felber-Girard M. 1987. Cartographie de la végétation du cours supérieur de l'Orbe et propositions de mesures de gestion. Laboratoire d'écologie végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, 14+8 p et 10 pl. h.t.
Gallandat JD, Gobat JM et Roulier C. 1990. Cartographie des zones alluviales d'importance nationale. Rapport général (116 p. +annexes 1-11) et carte de l'objet 50 (Sagnes de la Burtignière).
Glayre D. et Magnenat D. 1984. Oiseaux nicheurs de la Haute Vallée de l'Orbe. Nos oiseaux 398, 144 p.
Moret JL., Mèller G et Hainard P, 1988. A propos d'une nouvelle station de bouleau nain (Betula nana L.) dans le canton de Vaud. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. 79: 123-133.

QUALITY:
Le site marécageux, composé de trois parties, est situé dans synclinal à la limite de la frontière française. Il constitue une unité paysagère remarquable longeant l'Orbe et présente une densité de marais très élevée (environ 30% de la surface) avec une diversité unique.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site marécageux no 21 "Vallée de Joux". Il englobe également trois bas-marais et six haut-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Christe, P et al. 1990: La végétation du marais des Amburnex (Jura vaudois, Susse). Bull. soc. vaud. sc. nat. 80 (2): 127-139.
- Moret, J-L. 1988: A propos d'une nouvelle station de bouleau nain (Betula nana L.) dans le canton de Vaud. Bull. soc. vaud. sc. nat. 79 (2): 123-133.
- Geissler, P et Zoller, H. 1978: Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. an der Südwestgrenze ihrer Verbreitung. Candollea 33 (2): 299-319.
- Vittoz, P. : thèse de doctorat

QUALITY:
Complexe de bas-marais et de haut-marais occupant une combe synclinale à climat hivernal extrêmement rude. Dernière station suisse du saxifrage oeil-de-bouc (Saxifraga hirculus).

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site correspond au bas-marais d'importance nationale no 1486. Il englobe également deux hauts-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
www.pfyn-finges.ch
- Werner, P. 1985: La végétaton de Finges et de son Rhône sauvage. Bull. Murithienne 103: 39-84.
- Burri, M. 1997: Géologie récente de Finges et de ses environs. Bull. Murithienne 115: 5-27.
- Carron, G. 1999: Les orthoptères menacés de la zone de Finges. Bull. Murithienne 117: 23-30.

QUALITY:
La plus grande pinède de Suisse, en bordure d'une vaste zone alluviale extrêmement riche en espèces thermophiles rares.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond au périmètre protégé par arrêté de protection cantonal du 17.12.1997. Elle comprend une zone alluviale d'importance nationale, ainsi que deux sites de reproduction des batraciens d'importance nationale.

OTHERCHARACT:
Alluvions nues de la zone alluviale notées sous "rochers intérieurs".


DOCUMENTATION:
WSL en préparation:
Erfolgskontrolle Moorschutz Schweiz
Choma Snot - Palüd Chapé
Lej da Staz

QUALITY:
Grand massif de forêt subalpine comprenant de belle surfaces de cembraie et de pessière, ainsi que de remarquables hauts-marais primaires. Principal refuge des espèces de tourbières dans le canton des Grisons.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au Landschaftsschutzgebiet cantonal et comprend le site marécageux d'importance nationale no 45 "God da Staz/Stazerwald", six hauts-marais d'importance nationale et trois bas-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Bischof, A. 1999-2000: Verzeichnis der Schmetterlingsfauna des Naturschutzgebietes "Veier" bei Bonaduz, Kanton Graubünden, Schweiz
- Gsell, R 1919: Über die Orchideen Graubündens insbesondere des Rheintals. Jber. Natf. Ges. GR 59: 183-199.
- SBN-Inventar Gebiet Lengwald-Bannwald.
- Lutz, M., Schlaepfer, A. und Muehlethaler, E. 1989: Auen- Ried- und Heckenlandschaft Castrisch. Die Avifauna zur Brutzeit 1988. Unveröff. Kurzbericht (mit Artkarten) z.H. ALN, Chur und OAG.
- Lutz, M., Schlaepfer, A. und Muehlethaler, E. 1992: Kulturlandschaft Isla Sut. Die Avifauna zur Brutzeit 1988. Ergänzende Zusammenstellung der ornithologischen Daten zu Isla Sut. Kurzbericht z.H. ALN Chur.

QUALITY:
Gorges du Rhin à travers la roche calcaire de l'éboulement de Flims: "Swiss Grand Canyon". Le site présente de plus une grande richesse floristique et faunistique; 360 espèces de lépidoptères nocturnes ont été recensées.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC comprend une zone alluviale d'importance nationale, 3 bas-marais d'importance nationale et chevauche en grande partie un paysage d'importance nationale (IFP).

OTHERCHARACT:
alluvions nues sous "rochers intérieurs etc."


DOCUMENTATION:
- EAWAG News 54: Uehlinger, U.: Le Val Roseg: Une plaine alluviale glaciare des Alpes suisses
- Erstaufnahme alpine Auen; Kantonsbericht: Ergebnisse Kanton Graubünden, Januar 2006. Im Auftrag des Bundesamtes für Umwelt BAFU

QUALITY:
Une marge glaciaire et une zone alluviale alpine des mieux conservées.Grande richesse en espèces et surface importante de marais de type arctico-alpin. Le site est intact et abrite d'autres raretés comme Myricaria germanica et Montia fontana.
Une route en terre battue permet l'accès par char à cheval jusqu'à l'Hotel Rose et aux alpages extensifs.

DESIGNATION:
Le site englobe une zone alluviale d'importance nationale et s'intègre dans l'bjet IFP no 1908.

OTHERCHARACT:
alluvions nues classées sous "rochers intérieurs etc.


DOCUMENTATION:
-Rampazzi & al. 1993. Studio naturalistico del fondovalle della Maggia. Mem. Soc. Ticinese Sc. Nat. (Lugano) 3
-Fossati A. 1993. Documenti et publicazione contenenti dati faunistici sulle zone alluvionali ticinesi di importanza nazionale. Lugano. Museo cantonale di storia naturale.
-Carraro, G et al. 1994: Compte-rendu
-Ceschi, I. (1974, 1975): La vegetazione e flore della Vallemaggia
- Dionea SA, 1999, Rivitalizzazione di zone golenali ed estrazione di inerti pregiati
fra Ponte Brolla e Cavergno, Dipartimento del territorio

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale d'importance nationale, la plus importante au sud des Alpes. Milieu dynamique, régulièrement régénéré par des crues touchant tout le fond de la vallée. Présence d'importantes populations de batraciens.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond à la zone alluviale d'importance nationale AU 171 "Maggia". Il englobe le site de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale IBN TI 323 "Lanca Saligin"

OTHERCHARACT:
Complexe alluvial; alluvions nues encodées sous "rochers intérieurs, ..."


DOCUMENTATION:
Patocchi, N. 1994-1995: Piano di Magadino. Analisi della situazione attuale. Dipartimento del territorio- Ufficio Protzione della Natura. 2 vol + 6 cartes.
Patocchi N., Petrini N., 2001: Piano di gestione forestale - Ciossa Antognini - 2001-2015
Université de Genève, Laboratoire d'écologie et de biologie aquatique, 1996-1999: Diversità biologica e tipologia ecologica degli stagni e dei laghetti della Svizzera - Lanca di Sant' Antonio.
VAW-ETH Zürich, 2004: Machbarkeitsstudie zur Renaturierung des Ticino und seiner Mündung.

QUALITY:
Important site d'escale et d'hivernage pour les oiseaux d'eau au Sud des Alpes partiellement inscrit à l'inventaire de la Convention de Ramsar. Fond de vallée agricole avec delta lacustre abritant encore d'importantes surfaces de ripisylves et de marais.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale no. 260 "Piano di Magdino", sauf dans le secteur lacustre, où il a été étendu pour répondre aux objectifs de protection de l'avifaune hivernante. Il englobe 6 bas-marais, 3 sites de reproduction des batraciens et 2 zones alluviales d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
Keel, A et Fossati, A. 1981: Zur Vegetation des Naturschutzgebietes beim Weiher nahe Stabio im Gebiet Campaccio. Musée d'histoire naturelle Lugano.
Studi associati SA 1999: Bacino di laminazione sul Laveggio. Rapporto di impatto ambientale. Dipartimento del territorio-Divisione delle costruzioni-Ufficio arginature.
Etude sur l'état des biotopes et des populations de tritons (en cours).

QUALITY:
Refuge important pour les batraciens, notamment pour Rana latastei, une espèce menacée au niveau européen. Emys orbicularis a probablement déjà disparu. Habitat de la petite lamproie (Lampetra planeri). Dernière rivière de plaine à écoulement naturel au sud du Tessin.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC englobe deux sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale, ainsi que deux bas-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
Rampazzi, F. 1989: Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung eines Strassenprojekts aus der Sicht der Fauna. Mandat du canton du Tessin.
Studi Associati SA 1998, 1999, 2002: Fiume Tresa. Risanamento Pro Mancin. Analisi naturalistica. Rapporto (V. Bozza). Comune di Croglio.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale de surface modeste, mais possédant une faune particulièrement intéressante, avec notamment 3 espèces de poissons visés par la Résolution no 6 (1998), ainsi que plusieurs libellules très menacées au niveau national.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond à la zone alluviale d'importance nationale no 22. La partie italienne du site n'est pas décrite ici.


DOCUMENTATION:
-Moret J.L. 1985. Flore aquatique et paludéenne de la région des Grangettes. Corections et additions. Bull. Soc. vaud. sc. nat. 77:213-222
-Gilliéron G. 1991. Etude de l'avifaune nicheuse des Grangettes. Nos Oiseaux 41: 165-182
-Keller V. 1996. Ramsargebiete der Schweiz. BUWAL. Bern. 21 S.
-Delarze R. 1997. Suivi scientifique de la végétation des Grangettes. Bilan 1992-1996. Etude et gestion du site marécageux de Noville (Fondartion des Grangettes). Rapport no 20.

QUALITY:
Dernier refuge de nombreuses espèces aquatiques et paludéennes  dans le bassin lémanique et dernier grand marais de la région. Site d'escale très important pour les oiseaux d'eau.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale SM 8 "Grangettes". Il comprend également plusieurs biotopes d'importance nationale: zone alluviale AU 123 "Grangettes", les bas-marais BM 1378 "La Muraz", 1379 "Les Saviez", 1380 "L'Aulagniez", 1381 "Clos Montet", 1382 "Gros Brasset", ainsi que le site de reproduction de batraciens IBN VD 21. Le périmètre recoupe le site d'escale d'oiseaux d'eaux et de migrateurs no 8 "Les Grangettes" et englobe le site Ramsar du même nom.

OTHERCHARACT:
Ancien delta lacustre privé de sa dynamique naturelle depuis l'endiguement du Rhône (vers 1910).


DOCUMENTATION:
- Gruenig, A. et al. 1986: Les hauts-marais et marais de transition de Suisse. Rapport IFRF 281.
- Hainard, P et al. 1992: Carte de la végétation du Pays d'Enhaut et de la place de tir du Petit-Hongrin. Division Protection de la nature. Lausanne.
- Michel C et Hainard, P. 1980: Etude phyto-écologique de la tourbière de Pra-Cornet (Vaud, Suisse). Saussurea 11: 87-106.
- Yerli, M. 1970: Ecologie comparée des prairies marécageuses dans les Préalpes de la Suisse occidentale. Veröff. Geobot. Institut ETH, Stiftung Rübel 44.

QUALITY:
Paysage traditionnel des Préalpes, avec une grande diversité de marais couvrant près de 200 ha dans un environnement géomorphologique typique de la région des cols.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale no 99 "Col des Mosses". Il englobe 9 bas-marais et 6 hauts-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Puls 1992: Vegetationskarte Hohgant-Seefeld 1:5000. Naturschutzgebiet 4.1.1.13. Auftrag Naturschutzinspektorat Bern.
- Hegg, O. 1965: Untersuchung zur Pflanzensoziologie und Oekologie im Naturschutzgebiet Hohgant. Hrsg. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern.
- Leibundgut, M. 1992: Moorschutz und Alpwirtschaft in Habkern. Hrsg. Geographisches Institut der Universität Bern.
- Lüdi, W. 1933: Pflanzengeographische Streifzüge im Hohgantgebiet. Hrsg. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern.
- Marti, C.; Mollet, P. 1994: Auerhuhn-Schutzprojekt Honegg-Hohgant. Hrsg. Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach.
- Ottiger, A. 2001: Die Chancen der Alpwirtschaft in der Zukunft am Beispiel der Traubachalp. Hrsg. Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität Bern.
- Rouiller, P.; Widmer, U. 1978: Eine Einführung in den Karst vom Hohgant. Hrsg. Schweiz. Gesellschaft für Höhlenforschung.
- Von Arx, B et al. 1950: Die Seefeldhöhle. Hrsg. Selbstverlag.

QUALITY:
Vaste région montagneuse très riche en bas-marais et en hauts-marais. Important réseau de cavités souterraines et nombreux autres éléments géomorphologiques remarquables (karst, dolines, moraines). Refuge d'espèces à grand espace vital (lynx, grand tétras, aigle royal etc). Inclusion de pelouses maigres.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond approximativement au site marécageux no 13 "Habkern-Sörenberg". Il englobe de nombreux bas-marais et hauts-marais d'importance nationale. Il touche aussi deux objets IFP et une Réserve de biosphère.

OTHERCHARACT:
Zones étendues de lapiaz (Schrattenfluh)


QUALITY:
Ce complexe marécageux composé en majeure partie de bas-marais avec quelques surfaces de hauts-marais est riche en habitats visés par la résolution no 4.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond à un site protégé par décrêt cantonal. Elle comprend 3 bas-marais et 2 hauts-marais d'importance nationale.


QUALITY:
Complexe de marais et de forêts humides; site proposé comme réserve forestière, riche en structures paysagères. Grande richesse en amphibiens et en invertébrés. Zone de gîte hivernal pour le cerf.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au Landschaftschutzgebiet (selon mise en concept de mise en réseau "Maad") du plan directeur cantonal. La ZISC comprend 2 bas-marais et 2 sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale


DOCUMENTATION:
Inventaire des bas-marais.
Kantonaler Richtplan 1987.
Rezbanyai-Reser L. 2001: Zur Insektenfauna vom Hanenriet bei Giswil, 470 m, Kt Obwalden. I Allgemeines. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 45: S. 1-18.
Rezbanyai-Reser L. 2001:Zur Insektenfauna vom Hanenriet bei Giswil, 470 m, Kt Obwalden. II Lepidoptera 1: Macroheterocera. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 45: S 45-108.
Hoess R, 2001: Die Libellen (Odonata) des Giswilerriedes, Kanton Obwalden. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 46: S 129-146.
Herger P, 2004: Zur Insektenfauna vom Hahnenried bei Giswil, 470 m, Kanton Obwalden. III Coleoptera 1. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 51: S 1-18.

QUALITY:
Site lacustre comportant de belles ceintures riveraines marécageuses, particulièrement importantes comme refuge pour la faune et la flore des lieux humides.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site de reproduction des batraciens d'importance nationale no 123 et englobe un bas marais d'importance nationale.
Le périmètre complet est protégé par un décret cantonal.


DOCUMENTATION:
- NOK 1997: Bericht zur Umweltverträglichkeit, Kraftwerk Eglisau.
- Widmer, M. 1988: Der alte Rhein bei Rüdlingen.
- Widmer, M. 1990: Alter Rhein Rüdlingen, Jahresbericht.
- Rhein-Längsdamm, Rüdlingen 2002. Baudepartement des Kantons Schaffhausen.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale avec forêt riveraine composée d'habitats visés par la Résolution no. 4 (1996). Site abritant d'importantes populations de batraciens, notamment Bombina variegata et une avifaune riche. La partie de forêt alluviale située sur le territoire du canton de Schaffhausen est un ancien bras du Rhein, séparé par une digue construite il y a 100 ans.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au périmètre IFP, couvert presque entièrement par la zone alluviale d'importance nationale no 5. Il comprend également quatre sites de reproduction des batraciens d'importance nationale.
SH: la partie située dans ce canton fait également partie de réserves naturelles communales.


DOCUMENTATION:
Bossert, A. 1988: Die Reservate de Ala. Der ornithologische Beobachter, Beiheft 7, Ala Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Vogelkunde und Vogelschutz. (avec carte de végétation)
Leupi E. 1989: Pflanzensoziologische Kartierung des Boniswiler- und Seengenriedes am Hallwilersee. Mitt. Aarg. Naturf. Ges. Bd XXXII. S 129-140.
www.ag.ch/natur2001/

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site protégé par décret kantonal du 13 mai 1986. Il englobe 1 bas-marais d'importance nationale et 1 site de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Buttler, A. 1987: Ecologie des marais non boisés de la Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel. Thèse Université de Neuchâtel
- Cornali, Ph. 1992: Ecologie des pinèdes de la Rive sud du lac de Nauchâtel. Thèse Université de Neuchâtel.
- Clerc, C. 2004: Typologie et cartographie de la végétation de la Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel d'Yverdon à Cudrefin. Edition: Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.
- Mulhauser, B. 1997: Inventaire de la faune de la Grande Cariçaie. Edition: Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.
- Keller, V. et Antoniazza, M. 2003: Espèces d'oiseaux pour lesquelles la Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel revêt une importance particulière. Station ornithologique suisse.
- Faune batrachologique de la Grande Cariçaie (à paraître en 2004). Edition: Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.
- Invertébrés de la Grande Cariçaie (à paraître en 2004). Edition Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.

QUALITY:
La Grande Cariçaie est la plus grande surface de marais de Suisse. Elle forme aussi la plus longue portion de zone littorale naturelle lacustre.
De nombreuses espèces végétales et animales trouvent dans ce site leur dernier refuge en Suisse. Il s'agit aussi d'un lieu d'hivernage très important pour les oiseaux d'eau.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au périmètre des réserves naturelles instaurées par les cantons de Vaud et de Fribourg sur la rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel et inspirées essentiellement des périmètres du site Ramsar "Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel" et du site marécageux d'importance nationale "Grande Cariçaie" et complété par l'OROEM no 7 "Grandson jusqu'à Champ-Pittet" et par l'OROEM no 4 "Fanel jusqu'à Chablais de Cudrefin, Pointe de Marin".
rem: les parties terrestres et de rivage des différents objets protégés par des inventaires fédéraux sont entièrement couverts par la ZISC
100% de la partie bernoise du périmètre font partie de la réserve cantonale "Fanel".


DOCUMENTATION:
- Auderset, D. et al 1994: Etude des étang du canton de Genève: étang des Douves, Etang Hainard, marais du Château. SFPNP, Laboratoire d'Ecologie aquatique de l'université de Genève.
- Auderset, D. et al 1993: Les plans d'eau du canton de Genève. Partie II. SFPNP, Laboratoire d'Ecologie aquatique de l'université de Genève.
- Bodmer, O. et Germoud, V. 1999: Recensement des secteurs et suivi des populations de castors du canton de Genève. Contact-Castor Genève. Manuscrit 12p.
- Ecotec 1991: Demande de modification de la concession de Verbois. Rapport d'impact. Services industriels de Genève.
- Theurillat, J-P. et Roch P. 1989: Allondon-Moulin-de Vert-Verbois. Situation, évolution, protection, gestion. WWF, section Genève.
- Vairon, C. 1997: Prairies maigres du canton de Genève. Inventaire, description, proposition de gestion, éléments de réflexion. SFPNP. Genève.
- Werdenberg, K et Hainard, P. 1999: Les paysages végétaux du canton de Genève avec carte de la végétation 1/25000. Série documentaire no 34, conservatoire et jardin botanique de la ville de Genève.
- Inventaire piscicole des cours d'eau du Canton de Genève, Etudes "Nature" Service des forêts, de la protection de la nature et du paysage, 2003

QUALITY:
Vaste complexe alluvial abritant une grande diversité d'habitats thermophiles de plaine, notamment riverains et alluviaux. Site d'escale protégé de longue date sur un corridor de migration d'importance européennne pour les oiseaux d'eau; liaison entre Natura 2000 et LEtournel (France). Plus de 1% des populations européennes de Fuligule morillon (Aythya fuligulosa) hibernent sur le site; 1% des milans noirs (Milvus migrans) y nichent.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond à l'OROEM 9 avec quelques sites de reproduction de batraciens à proximité. Il est couvert en grande partie par des inventaires fédéraux et cantonaux désignant des biotopes et des paysages protégés.On y trouve l'unique station de Arabis scabra et la dernière population de Pyrgus cirsii.


QUALITY:
La ZISC est une région marécageuse des plus importantes du Mittelland entourée d'une zone agricole à proximité immédiate de l'agglomération de Zurich. Elle englobe les lacs "Chatzensee" supérieur et inférieur, reliés par un canal, et des étangs et offre donc une grande variété d'habitats palustres plus ou moins artificiels ou renaturés. Plusieurs plantes très rares de marais oligotrophes, ainsi que 8 espèces d'amphibiens, dont Bombina variegata y trouvent refuge.

OTHERCHARACT:
REMARQUE: estimations d'après GEOSTAT et sans orthophoto.


DOCUMENTATION:
Carte de la végétation et inventaire floristique de Märchligen-Au, Büro Bug 2002.
Hauri, R.: Die Vogelwelt des Reservates Selhofenzopfen im Belpmoos, Hrsg. von Bernische Gesellschaft für Vogelkunde und Vogelschutz, 1951.
Hauri, R.: Die Aarelandschaft zwischen Thun und Bern - ihre naturschützerische Bedeutung. Hrsg. von Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern, 1979.
Jäggi, M.:Geschiebehaushalt der Aare zwischen Thun und Bern. Hrsg. von Tiefbauamt des Kantons Bern, 2001.
Von Känel, A. et al.: Die Gürbe, Istzustand aus gewässerökologischer Sicht dargstellt. Hrsg. von Bau-, Verkehrs- und Energiedirektion des Kantons Bern, 1993.
Hauri, R.: Die Vogelwelt der Elfenau bei Ber. Hrsg. von Der Ornithologische Beobachter, 1973.
Hausherr, E.: Die Berner Elfenau. Hrsg. von Naturforschende Gesellschaft Ber, 1954.
Naturaqua: Sanierung NSG Elfenau. Technischer Bericht Hydrologie und Geologie Hrsg. Baudirektion Stadt Bern, 1989.
Stadtgärtnerei Bern: Naturreservat Elfenau. Hrsg. Stadtgärtnerei Bern, Elfenau-Reservatskommission, 2001.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale d'importance nationale et régionale (Mittelland). Le lit principal de l'Aare est endigué, mais nombreux bras morts et résurgences. Présence d'une grande diversité floristique et d'importantes populations de batraciens.

DESIGNATION:
Le site correspond à la zone alluviale d'importance nationale Belper Giessen et à une hêtraie attenante au NE, il représente environ 2/5 de la surface de la zone sous protection cantonale "Naturschutzgebiet Aarelandschaft Thun-Bern".


QUALITY:
Un des plus importants sites marécageux de Suisse orientale, très bien conservé et abritant pratiquement toutes les associations de bas-marais, hauts-marais et marais de transition. Présence de plantes et d'invertébrés très rares. Avifaune très riche également.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale no 5 "Pfäffikersee". Il englobe 2 grands bas-marais d'importance nationale, 2 hauts-marais et 1 site de reproduction de batraciens.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Übersicht Moorlandschaft Maschwander Allmend, Gemeinden Hünenberg, Cham, Schutzplan 1997, Baudirektion des Kantons Zug.
- Fiche Naturschutzgebiete Nr. 6.02 Wannhüseren.
- Naturschutzgebiet Wannhüseren (6.002), FORNAT 1980
- Fiche Naturschutzgebiet Nr. 7.01 Rüss-Spitz.
- Naturschutzgebiet Rüss-Spitz (7.001), FORNAT 1980
- Rezbanyai-Reser L. 1992: Zur Insektenfauna vom Rüss-Spitz, Kt. Zug, bei Maschwanden ZH. Entomol. Ber. Luzern, Nr. 27: 1-24.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale de type marécageux servant de refuge important pour l'avifaune. Numenius arquata, Gallinago gallinago et Lanius excubitor ont ici leur plus grande zone de reproduction au niveau de la Suisse.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond environ au site marécageux d'importance nationale no 251 "Maschwander Allmend". Elle englobe de nombreux bas-marais et sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale, également 3 zones alluviales d'importance nationale.
La vallée zougoise de la Reuss est au bénéfice d'une coneption du paysage avec mise en réseau selon OQE.


DOCUMENTATION:
-Amt für raumentwicklung : www.ow.ch.de.vereine.raumplanung
-Baggenstos : Erhebung zur Verbreitung und Biologie der Nidwaldner Haarschnecke (Trochulus biconicus) als rundlage für die Formulierung von Schutzmassnahmen
-Niederberger B. : Habitatmodellisierung des endemischen Landschneckenart Trochulus biconicus, Der Nidwaldner Haarschnecke auf der Spur, Master Thesis, Erdwissenschaften Lodron-Universität Salzburg

QUALITY:
La ZISC est principalement couverte de pelouses alpines, de végétation des dalles rocheuses et d'éboulis d'altitude, il se situe en dessus de la limite des forêts de 1600m à 2800m. Le périmètre est défini en fonction de l'écologie et de la localisation des principales populations de l'espèce endémique cible Trochulus biconicus.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre est défini en fonction de l'écologie et de la localisation des principales populations de l'espèce endémique cible Trochulus biconicus sur la base du rapport intermédiaire de l'étude de Baggenstos 2007-2008.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site de haute altitude composé de 2 parties. Sommets rocheux, éboulis et pelouses alpines.


DOCUMENTATION:
- museo cantonale di storia naturale: www.ti.ch/mcsn
- Die Alpenflora des Val Piora, Birkhäuser Basel, 2006
- Science et montagne CAS/SAC
- Bergseen der italienischen Schweiz, zwischen Piora und Cadlimo, Banca del Gottardo : www.leventinaturismo.ch

QUALITY:
La ZISC a été selectionnée sur la base de sa richesse en espèces de bryophytes, presque un tiers de la flore bryophytique y est recensé et la Suisse a une responsabilité forte pour leur conservation. La flore vasculaire est représentée par quelques espèces rares notamment l'espèce endémique des Alpes occidentales Euphrasia christii. Quelques milieux cibles surtout liés aux haut-marais. La végétation acide dominante sur gneiss laisse apparaître quelques taches de végétation calciphile sur dolomie.

DESIGNATION:
Les limites du site suivent les crêtes environnant le lac de barrage de Piora. Au sud le périmètre se calque sur la limite de l'IFP 1801 Piora-Lucomagno-Dötra qui englobe entièrement la ZISC. Sont compris dans le site quelques hauts-marais d'importance nationale.

OTHERCHARACT:
Ensemble de petit lacs alpins d'origine glaciaire, de pelouses alpines et de marais formant un paysage magnifique très bien préservé, mis à part le barrage de Ritom.


DOCUMENTATION:
- museo cantonale di storia naturale: www.ti.ch/mcsn

QUALITY:
La présence du mollusque endémique sur la crête et sur le versant nord des monts de Brissago et de la plante endémique ouest-sudalpine justifie le choix de ce site. La hêtraie étendue du versant nord fait partie des milieux visés par la Résolution.

DESIGNATION:
Le site s'étend du Gridone sur de la frontière italienne à l'alpage de Brissago et couvre le haut des versants nord et sud de la chaine. Le mollusque endémique est strictement liée au Luzulo-Fagenion bien représenté sur le versant nord.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site principalement couvert de forêt, au nord particulièrement le fagenion, habitat du mollusque endémique. Les pelouses alpines et subalpines couvrent les hauteurs.


DOCUMENTATION:
-museo cantonale di storia naturale : www.ti.ch/mcsn
-Fiches pratiques pour la conservation - Plantes à fleurs et fougères,crsf: Androsace brevis.

QUALITY:
Le choix de ce site est fondé sur la présence de l'espèce subendémique des Alpes insubriennes et orobiques Androsace brevis (Primulacées). La Suisse porte une grande responsabilité pour la conservation de cette espèce.

DESIGNATION:
L'espèce-cible colonise les pelouses alpines, les éboulis fixés et les fentes de rochers siliceux exposés au vent et au fort rayonnement solaire. Le site suit la frontière italienne sur les crêtes abritant la subendémique Androsace brevis.


DOCUMENTATION:
- museo cantonale di storia naturale: www.ti.ch/mcsn
- Marggi projet BDM: www.biodiversitymonitoring.ch
- projet de parc naturel (geoparc): www.parcobreggia.ch
- inventaire PPS/TWW
- publications Monte Generoso www.montegeneroso.ch
- Blant, M.; Moretti, M.; Della Toffola, R.; Pierallini, R., (accepted): Fauna olocenica del Sud delle Alpi. Chirotteri e Mammiferi terrestri tra passato e presente (Grotta del Canalone, Monte Generoso, Ticino). - Boll. Soc. tic. Sci. nat. 92
- Della Toffola, R.; Blant, M.; Magnin, B.; Moretti, M., (accepted): Inventaire de la faune holocène de la Grotta del Canalone (Monte Generoso TI) et interprétation paléoclimatique. - Stalactite 1
- Della Toffola, R.; Moretti, M.; Blant, M.; Morel, P., 2002: Ritrovamento di centinaia di ossa di pipistrello nella Grotta del Canalone (Monte Generoso, TI: risultati preliminari. - Boll. Soc. tic. Sci. nat. 90; 1-2)
- Boschi, C; Maddalena, T.; Moretti, M., 1998: Cacciare o osservare i camosci sul Monte Generoso? Valutazione della situazione del camoscio (Rupicapra rup. Rupricapra) nella regione del Monte Generoso e probabili conseguenze di un’apertura della caccia. – Il Nostro Paese: 39-51
- Moretti, M.; Patocchi N.; Zimbelli, N., 2000: Verifica degli interventi di gestione dei prati magri del Monte Generoso (Ticino, Svizzera) in base all’analisi di ropaloceri, ortotteri e ragni: risultati del primo controllo dopo cinque anni di gestione. - In: Villa, M. (ed.) Atti del seminario permanente per la gestione delle praterie di interesse naturalistico. Monte Barro, 20 Sept. 2000. 103-113
- Jäggli M. 1954. Specie termofili al Monte Generoso. Boll. Soc. Ticinese Sci. Nat. 49: 53-58
- Moretti, M.; Barbalat, S., 2004: The effects of wildfires on wood-eating beetles in deciduous forests on the southern slope of the Swiss Alps. - Forest Ecology Management 187: 85-103.

QUALITY:
Le Monte Generoso est un des plus beaux exemples au sud des Alpes en Suisse de nunatak ayant servi de refuge à des espèces peu mobile durant la dernière glaciation. Il abrite quelques subendémiques et surtout des animaux endémiques stricts. 
Il comporte également de nombreuses espèces et milieux dignes de protection au niveau national, ainsi que divers habitats visés par la Résolution 4 (prairies sèches recensées dans le cadre de l'inventaire fédéral TWW/PPS). Il est également riche en éléments culturels (IFP).

DESIGNATION:
Le site correspond précisément au site paysager d'importance nationale. Il comprend en outre 2 sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale et de nombreuses surfaces à l'inventaire des prairies sèches.

OTHERCHARACT:
Sommet calcaire isolé faisant frontière avec l'Italie. Le versant Suisse est escarpé, avec des parois rocheuses entrecoupées de pelouses dans la partie supérieure et des forêts caducifoliées continues jusqu'au pied du mont.


DOCUMENTATION:
- inventaire des zones alluviales d'importance nationale objet 176 et 177
- plan directeur cantonal des Grisons: www.richtplan.gr.ch

QUALITY:
La Basse Engadine est un centre de diversité floristique de la Suisse orientale.De plus l'espèce -cible de ce site alpin, le mollusque endémique Chilostoma adelezona rhaeticum, y trouve ses principaux habitats. Le périmètre présente aussi deux zones alluviales de qualité et quelques objets à l'inventaire des prairies sèches.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site est choisi en fonction de la localisation des populations de Chilostoma adelezona rhaeticum (endémique) et englobe 2 zones alluviales  et 2 site de reproduction des amphibiens d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- fiches pratiques pour la conservation- plantes à fleurs et fougères, Centre du Réseau Suisse de Floristique (CRSF): Dracocephalum austiacum, Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Cypripedium calceolus
- plan directeur cantonal des Grisons: www.richtplan.gr.ch
- Kleiner Alpenpflanzenführer:www.ardez.ch/pflanzen/ind_pflanzen.htm

QUALITY:
La Basse Engadine est un centre de diversité floristique de la Suisse orientale. La présence de 2 espèces Emeraude justifie le choix de ce site. Dracocephalum austriacum est une espèce orophile sarmatique-pontique pour laquelle la responsabilité Suisse à l'échelle alpine est forte. Une vingtaine de petites stations autour d'Ardez. Plusieurs prairies sèches figurant à l'inventaire fédéral sont une preuve de la présence de milieux riches et diversifiés.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site est défini d'après la présence de populations importantes de l'espèce-cible Dracocephalum austriacum colonisant les prairies sèches et les pelouses steppiques, il comprend deux périmètres prioritaires de l'inventaire fédéral des prairies sèches.

OTHERCHARACT:
Versant ensoleillé de la basse Engadine. Paysage  de talus arides et têtes rocheuses façonné par les glaciers.


DOCUMENTATION:
- plan directeur cantonal des Grisons: www.richtplan.gr.ch
- fiches pratiques pour la conservation- plantes à fleurs et fougères, Centre du Réseau Suisse de Floristique (CRSF): Draba ladina.

QUALITY:
Site de très haute altitude (en dessus de la limite forestière) avec pour cible la plante strictement endémique Draba ladina. Le site comprend des éboulis rocheux calcaires et dolomitiques ainsi que des pentes rocheusescalcaires avec végétation chasmophytique qui feront partie de la liste des habitats visés par la Résolution 4 de la Convention de Berne lorsque celle-ci sera harmonisée avec l'annexe 1 de la Directive Habitats (codes 8120 et 8210). Certains oiseaux rares tels que le Gypaète barbu et le Grand Tetras y trouve également refuge.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre fait le tour des crêtes et sommets abritant Draba ladina. Le site se situe en dessus de la limite forestière (au dessus de 2600m d'altitude sur la partie nord en dehors du Parc National) et se compose principalement de rochers, éboulis et pelouses de haute altitude.


QUALITY:
Le périmètre du site a été fixé en collaboration avec les acteurs locaux sur la base d'une procédure participative. Le site représente un paysage agricole tradidionnel typique du Mittelland. La principale espèce-cible est l'Agrion de Mercure (Coenagrion mercuriale) menacée sur la plan internationall. Des cours d'eau à l'état naturel (Langete, !Onz, Murg et Rot) avec leurs méandres, un réseau de milieux humides (ruisseaux et rivières), des cordons boisés offrent des habitats à de nombreuses espèces de la Résolution 6 .La richesse est étroitement liée à l'équilibre entre prairies irriguées et canaux de drainage.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site typique du Mittelland comprenant des zones urbanisées. Diversité des paysages et des milieux a beaucoup diminué lors de l'intensification agricole de la deuxième moitié du 20ème siècle.


OTHERCHARACT:
Lagodekhi site is a pair of protected areas in the Kakheti district of Georgia: Lagodekhi Strict Nature Reserve and Lagodekhi Managed Nature Reserve. Lagodekhi preserves a variety of rare local flora and fauna and was originally protected in 1912, under the Russian Empire, the first nature preserve in Georgia.Lagodekhi site is in north-eastern Georgia, on the southern slopes of the Caucasus, bordering Azerbaijan and the Dagestan republic of Russia. They comprise 19,749 hectares (76.25 sq mi) (strict nature reserve) and 4,702 hectares (18.15 sq mi) (managed nature reserve), extending from 590 to 3,500 metres (1,940 to 11,480 ft) above sea level, including several gorges. The major rivers flowing through the reserve are the Ninoskhevi, Shromiskhevi, Lagodekhistskali and Matsimistskali; at   the higher elevations there are glacial lakes, of which the largest is Black Cliff Lake, on the Russian border, with a depth of 14 metres (46 ft). There are also sulphur springs. The site extend from beech forests (broadleaf woodland dominated by fagus orientalis) to the Alpine zone. Approximately 70% of the area is forested; the second and third most prominent species are hornbeam (Carpinus caucasica) and various species of maple. The forest includes a wide variety of plant species; reputedly almost two thirds of those found in the entire country; and the lowland parts have been compared to the subtropical vegetation in the Black Sea region. Lagodekhi is also known for its animal life. It is one of the major reserves for the East Caucasian tur. Altogether 150 species of birds, 53 mammals, 5 amphibians, 12 reptiles, and 4 fish are found in the reserves; 26 of the plants and more than 40 of the animals are in the Red list of Georgia.


OTHERCHARACT:
The Region in north-eastern part of Georgia. Comprising the small river valleys of the Migmakhevi, Shatili, Arkhoti and the Aragvi, the province borders with Russian federation and is included in the present-day Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti region. Khevsureti, with the area of approximately 405.3 square miles (1050 km²), is traversed by the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Range, dividing the province in two unequal parts. Pirikita Khevsureti ("thither") is a larger one, with the area of c. 565 km², while Piraketa Khevsureti ("hither") occupies 428 km². The largest villages are Barisakho and Shatili.Its particular uniqueness is diversity of geographical and ecological zones, landscapes, historical monuments and rich flora and fauna. The site is became the protected area at 2014.


OTHERCHARACT:
There are three main bird migratory routes crossing the Caucasus, one of which goes through Javakheti Plateau. Lakes Khanchali, Madatapa and Bugdasheniare the most important of Javakheti wetlands. They receive thousands of migratory birds every year in addition to numerous nesting water birds. Site is part of Javakheti Protected Areas which was established in 2011. It includes Javakheti National Park, Kartsakhi Managed Reserve, Sulda Managed Reserve, Khanchali Managed Reserve, Bugdasheni Managed Reserve and Madatapa Managed Reserve.Javakheti Protected Areas include Municipalities of Akhalqalaqi and Ninotsminda. There are lots of lakes on Javakheti Plateau, including the biggest one – Lake Paravani. The highest point of Javakheti is Mount Great Abuli, with a height of 3,300 meters above sea level. Javakheti upland is the coldest places among settlements. It is characterized by dry continental climate, while the average annual temperature is quite low. In winter Javakheti lakes freeze for a long time.Javakheti’s mountain grasslands are nestled on Georgia’s borders with Armenia and Turkey. The area harbors five out of the eight largest lakes in Georgia. Listed as one of Birdlife International’s Important Bird Areas, the Javakheti Plateau is rich with important bird species: Velvet Scoter, Ruddy Shelduck, Ferruginous Duck, Corncrake, Dalmatian and White Pelicans , Marsh and Terek Sandpipers, Great Black-headed Gulls, Gull-billed Terns, White-winged Terns, White Storks, Wryneck, Goshawk and White-throated Dipper.


DESIGNATION:
The other International designation mentioned unde IN06, refers to ACCOBAMS agreement

OTHERCHARACT:
Kolkheti site covers Kolkheti National Park (KNP) and is situated at the Black Sea coast and covers an area of 28,940 hectares. KNP was established in 1998 and incorporated the much smaller (500 ha) Kolkheti State Nature Reserve, which was founded in 1947. KNP also includes lake Paliastomi. In 1997, Kolkheti wetlands were designated as a wetland of international importance  -  a Ramsar site under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.The territory of KNP is networked by numerous bog-type small stagnant rivers (Pichori, Kukani, Dedabera, Tkhorina, Tsia, Tsiva, Churia, Munchia, Mukhurjina, etc.). Peat bogs are an important feature of the national park.  The Anaklia, Churia, Nabada, Imnati, Maltakva, Grigoleti and Pichori peat bogs contain contemporary and fossil unbroken peat layers are located in the coastal plain and the depth of the peat layers in certain places exceeds 12 meters. KNP is on a major migration route for water birds and it is also an important wintering site and ecieves millions of migrating or wintering birds.Ecological aspects: ?BiodiversityMore than half the total area of the park - 15,742 ha is wetlands. There are numerous stagnant rivers and streams flowing in the coastal plain at an elevation of 0 –10 meters. A narrow strap of dunes, about 100-200-meters in width is developed along the Black Sea shore that rises 2-3 m above the coastal plain.The warm, humid climate and the abundant hydrographical network have created perfect conditions for rich flora and diverse vegetation. The coastal peat bogs are home to the Boreal flora species - sphagnum mosses (Sphagnum spp.), Drozera roxundiflora, Drosera rotundifolia, Rhinchospora afla, Carex lasiocarpa, Menianthes trifoliata, etc. Rhododendron flavum and Rhododendron ponticum are an important feature of the landscape. The swamped and wetland forests feature   Alnus barbata, Pterocarya pterocarpa, Quercus imeretina, Quercus  hartwissiana, etc. These so called Colchic forests are distinguished by the evergreen undergrowth and lianas including Hedera colchica. Aquatic plants, such as Nymphaea alba, Trapa colchica, etc., are common in the peat bogs, lakes, swamp rivers and along them. There is distinct vegetation on the narrow strap of sand dunes with typical salt tolerant xerophytes and ephemers such as Hippophae rhamnoides, Paliurus spina-christi, Imperata cylindrical, Cynodon dactylon, Pancratium maritimum, Glaucum corniculatum, etc. The flora of KNP is remarkably rich in relic and endemic species (Alnus barbata, Pterocarya  pterocarpa, Quercus imeretina, Quercus hartwissiana, Trapa colchica, etc.).Up to 200 bird species are found in the national park including several species listed on the IUCN and Georgian Red Lists. There are more than 40 fish species.There are the following main wetland habitats:  (a) Littoral sand and muddy sand, (b) Raised bogs, (c) Rich fens, (d) Moist or wet oligotrophic grassland and (e) Estuarine coarse sediment shores.


OTHERCHARACT:
Vashlovani site is situated in the extreme eastern part of Georgia, in the Dedoplistskaro district and mainly covers Vashlovani Protected Areas . The last reorganization took place in 2003 that resulted in the Vashlovani Protected Areas (VPA) consisting of Vashlovani Strict Nature Reserve, Vashlovani National Park and four Natural Monuments: “Eagle Gorge”, “Takhti-Tepa mud volcanoes”, “Juma Bay” and “Alazani Floodplains”. The total area of VPA is 33 594 ha. The area features a mosaic of rugged and relatively flat terrain with planes, hills, clayey steeps and dry gullies. Light forests are mainly found on slopes of 11-20o. In the northern and southern parts there are so-called ‘alesilebi’ – precipices that can be as high as 70 m. The Vashlovani area represents typical badlands. The altitude ranges between 90 to 845 m.a.s.l.Local climate is characterized by dry, hot summers with a maximum temperature of 39 oC. The mean annual temperature is 11.6 oC (August 23.8 oC, January 0.5 oC). The mean annual precipitation is 470 mm. The vegetative period begins in mid-April and lasts through October. There are two major rivers Alazani and Mlashetskali in the national park. There are also numerous streams and small rivers that completely dry up in summer. During the summer, water remains only in small ponds in shaded gullies.  More than 400 vascular plants (from 81 families and 294 genera) have been recorded in Vashlovani. Two of them are Georgian and 34 are Caucasian endemics.The vegetation of Vashlovani protected areas (Vashlovani National park and Vashlovani Nature Reserve) is characterized by remarkable diversity of plant communities some of which are represented in a number of variants and formations. The most common plant communities include:  •Lowland and foothills deserts•Phrygana-like vegetation •Steppe•Shibliak-like hemixeropilous scrub•Arid light woodlands •Foothills deciduous forestThere are also patches of flood plain forest, hygrophilous vegetation, humid scrub (conditional term), meadow-steppe, tragancanth and tomillar vegetation. Of the above vegetation classes, lowland deserts, arid light woodlands, steppe and foothills forest are the zonal vegetation of the region (Kiziki district of Kakheti, East Georgia). The others are largely intrazonal and their occurrence is accounted for by local terrain and soil conditions. The great variation in terrain and soil features results in a mosaic within the zonal vegetation. This is best expressed in the Kumuro and Bugha-Moedani areas as well as in the  Lekistskali gorge in which areas desert, steppe and arid woodland communities are found in a complicated mosaic. The natural pattern of vegetation distribution has been greatly affected by human influence as a result of which secondary vegetation is also common throughout the study area. Formerly cultivated lands feature vegetation that is drastically different from the surrounding undisturbed areas. A very distinct vegetation is also found at or near the livestock farms. ?FaunaA total of 16 species of fish inhabit the river Alazani, including sheat-fish, carp, pike, tusk, barbell etc. Most of the semiarid zone lies within the Iori Region IBA (Important Bird Area GE011; BirdLife International 2012). The IBA is important for breeding and wintering birds of prey (25 species recorded) and the steppe bird assemblage.The vertebrate fauna of Vashlovani is remarkably rich in reptiles and raptors.  There are 25 reptiles including Mediterranean tortoise, Caucasian agama and Caucasian sand boa and deadly poisonous Levantine’s viper.The diversity of small and large mammals is also noteworthy. A total of 46 species of mammals are found and the assemblage of large mammals is especially noteworthy : jackal, fox, lynx, brown bear, wolf, jungle cat, etc. Various birds of prey are found in large numbers including imperial eagle, griffon vulture, Egyptian vulture, black vulture, buzzards, short-toad snake eagle, etc.


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is, situated in the Lesser Caucasus in central Georgia, southwest to the nation's capital of Tbilisi and mainly is covered by Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park, which is one of the largest national parks in Europe.  The total area of the park is 5,300 square kilometres. Its particular uniqueness is diversity of geographical and ecological zones, landscapes, historical monuments and rich flora and fauna.The site extend from forests to the Alpine zone. The forest includes a wide variety of plant species; reputedly almost two thirds of those found in the entire country. Borjomi site is also known for its animal life.


EXPLANATIONS:
Decision of the 39th Standing committee meeting (document number T-PVS(2019)


EXPLANATIONS:
Decision of the 39th Standing committee meeting (document number T-PVS(2019


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is situated in the westernmost part of the Achara-Imereti range, on the Kobuleti-Chakvi ridge and covers 15,698 ha and covers territory of Mtirala National park.The park was established in 2006 with the primary purpose to protect an outstanding example of the Colchic forest, a distinct type of forest habitat found in western Georgia. This forest is distinguished by dense evergreen understory and lianas and is remarkably rich in endemic as well as relic species. The main feature of the park’s landscape is mount Mtirala (1,381 m) whose name translates as “crying mountain”. Situated between the Black Sea and Achara mountains, this mountain and surrounding areas intercept the humid air coming from the Black Sea and thus become the wettest point in all Achara which is anyway very humid. The annual precipitation at m. Mtirala is over 4,000 mm. It is almost always raining at mount Mtirala, hence its name. Much of the site is Colchic forest composed of deciduous species such as black alder (Alnus glutinosa), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). At higher elevations it is also mixed with Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana), Caucasian Spruce (Picea orientalis) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Colchic forest is characterised by a well-developed evergreen undergrowth composed of rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis), Black Sea holly (Ilex colchica),  Colchic box tree (Buxus colchica) and is distinguished by the abundance of lianas. Among the rare endemics, there are Georgia’s Red List species such as Mayflower (Epigaea gaultheroides),  Primula (Primula megasaefolia) and Transcaucasian birch (Betula medwedewii).


DESIGNATION:
the site is now recognised as a planned protected area

OTHERCHARACT:
Site is part of Javakheti Protected Areas which was established in 2011. It includes Javakheti National Park, Kartsakhi Managed Reserve, Sulda Managed Reserve, Khanchali Managed Reserve, Bugdasheni Managed Reserve and Madatapa Managed Reserve.Javakheti Protected Areas include Municipalities of Akhalqalaqi and Ninotsminda. There are lots of lakes on Javakheti Plateau, including the biggest one – Lake Paravani. The highest point of Javakheti is Mount Great Abuli, with a height of 3,300 meters above sea level. Javakheti upland is the coldest places among settlements. It is characterized by dry continental climate, while the average annual temperature is quite low. In winter Javakheti lakes freeze for a long time.Javakheti’s mountain grasslands are nestled on Georgia’s borders with Armenia and Turkey. The area harbors five out of the eight largest lakes in Georgia. Listed as one of Birdlife International’s Important Bird Areas, the Javakheti Plateau is rich with important bird species: Velvet Scoter, Ruddy Shelduck, Ferruginous Duck, Corncrake, Dalmatian and White Pelicans , Marsh and Terek Sandpipers, Great Black-headed Gulls, Gull-billed Terns, White-winged Terns, White Storks, Wryneck, Goshawk and White-throated Dipper. Southern and Nourthern-east banks of the lake are mostly boggy. In deep waters are spread analogous aquatic vegetation as those in Madatapa, and in shellows narrow zones of  Sagittaria sagitifolia L. are distributed.  It is mainly adjacent to community of horsetail among which dominates Equisetum heleocharis Ehrch. Some of aquatic plants are also mixed with components of mire vegetation, and on some sites abundant of Ranunculus lingua L. are observed.Usually, there is typoecological connection between Scolochloetum festucaceae and horse- tail. Transitive associations are often formed in the contact zone. Sometimes, zone grown with Equisetum is ommited and community of  Scolochloetum festucaceae purum is adjacent to aquatic vegetation directly. In that case, aquatic plants are often mixed to it and quite often community of Sclochloetum aquiherbozum is formed. Complex of sedge, which major components are Cariceta vesicariae and Cariceta dichroandrae, is adjacent to the communities mentioned above. The topoecological order also makes clear successial development of the bog. On rude peat and silt substrates Caricetum diandrae purum and Caricetum inflatae calliergonellosum are in complex with the sedge.   Sinusia of moss in the latter one, is formed by Calliergonella cuspidata, Hypnum lindbergii Mitt., Aulacomnium palustre and etc. It seems, the communities are formed at the last stage of bogging and at the next stage, communities of Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca and polidominant cereal meadows will substitute them


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is situated in the extreme eastern part of Georgia, in the Dedoplistskaro district and mainly covers Vashlovani Protected Areas . The last reorganization took place in 2003 that resulted in the Vashlovani Protected Areas (VPA) consisting of Vashlovani Strict Nature Reserve, Vashlovani National Park and four Natural Monuments: “Eagle Gorge”, “Takhti-Tepa mud volcanoes”, “Juma Bay” and “Alazani Floodplains”. The total area of VPA is 33 594 ha. The area features a mosaic of rugged and relatively flat terrain with planes, hills, clayey steeps and dry gullies. Light forests are mainly found on slopes of 11-20o. In the northern and southern parts there are so-called ‘alesilebi’ – precipices that can be as high as 70 m. The Vashlovani area represents typical badlands. The altitude ranges between 90 to 845 m.a.s.l.Local climate is characterized by dry, hot summers with a maximum temperature of 39 oC. The mean annual temperature is 11.6 oC (August 23.8 oC, January 0.5 oC). The mean annual precipitation is 470 mm. The vegetative period begins in mid-April and lasts through October. There are two major rivers Alazani and Mlashetskali in the national park. There are also numerous streams and small rivers that completely dry up in summer. During the summer, water remains only in small ponds in shaded gullies.  More than 400 vascular plants (from 81 families and 294 genera) have been recorded in Vashlovani. Two of them are Georgian and 34 are Caucasian endemics.The vegetation of Vashlovani protected areas (Vashlovani National park and Vashlovani Nature Reserve) is characterized by remarkable diversity of plant communities some of which are represented in a number of variants and formations. The most common plant communities include:  •Lowland and foothills deserts•Phrygana-like vegetation •Steppe•Shibliak-like hemixeropilous scrub•Arid light woodlands •Foothills deciduous forestThere are also patches of flood plain forest, hygrophilous vegetation, humid scrub (conditional term), meadow-steppe, tragancanth and tomillar vegetation. Of the above vegetation classes, lowland deserts, arid light woodlands, steppe and foothills forest are the zonal vegetation of the region (Kiziki district of Kakheti, East Georgia). The others are largely intrazonal and their occurrence is accounted for by local terrain and soil conditions. The great variation in terrain and soil features results in a mosaic within the zonal vegetation. This is best expressed in the Kumuro and Bugha-Moedani areas as well as in the  Lekistskali gorge in which areas desert, steppe and arid woodland communities are found in a complicated mosaic. The natural pattern of vegetation distribution has been greatly affected by human influence as a result of which secondary vegetation is also common throughout the study area. Formerly cultivated lands feature vegetation that is drastically different from the surrounding undisturbed areas. A very distinct vegetation is also found at or near the livestock farms. ?FaunaA total of 16 species of fish inhabit the river Alazani, including sheat-fish, carp, pike, tusk, barbell etc. Most of the semiarid zone lies within the Iori Region IBA (Important Bird Area GE011; BirdLife International 2012). The IBA is important for breeding and wintering birds of prey (25 species recorded) and the steppe bird assemblage.The vertebrate fauna of Vashlovani is remarkably rich in reptiles and raptors.  There are 25 reptiles including Mediterranean tortoise, Caucasian agama and Caucasian sand boa and deadly poisonous Levantine’s viper.The diversity of small and large mammals is also noteworthy. A total of 46 species of mammals are found and the assemblage of large mammals is especially noteworthy : jackal, fox, lynx, brown bear, wolf, jungle cat, etc. Various birds of prey are found in large numbers including imperial eagle, griffon vulture, Egyptian vulture, black vulture, buzzards, short-toad snake eagle, etc.


OTHERCHARACT:
The Chorokhi delta south of Batumi has proven to be an excellent spot for birdwatching due to its high variety in biotopes: bushes, dry & wet grassy plains, marshes, a boulder plain, the seashore... During migration season waders, terns and passerine birds proved to be the most interesting groups represented in the delta. In winter very high numbers of waterfowl can be excepted in the area. The delta has received the status of an IBA (important bird area).


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is situated in the extreme eastern part of Georgia, in the Dedoplistskaro district and mainly covers spacebetween Vashlovani Protected Areas and river Iori. Vashlovani Protected Areas (VPA) consisting of VashlovaniStrict Nature Reserve, Vashlovani National Park and four Natural Monuments: “Eagle Gorge”, “Takhti-Tepa mudvolcanoes”, “Juma Bay” and “Alazani Floodplains”. The area features a mosaic of rugged and flat terrain withplanes, hills, clayey steeps, dry gullies and typical badlands. Local climate is characterized by dry, hot summerswith a maximum temperature of 39 oC. The vegetative period begins in mid-April and lasts through October. Thevegetation is characterized by remarkable diversity of plant communities some of which are represented in anumber of variants and formations. The most common plant communities include: Lowland and foothills deserts,Phrygana-like vegetation, Steppe. The natural pattern of vegetation distribution has been greatly affected byhuman influence as a result of which secondary vegetation is also common throughout the study area. A verydistinct vegetation is also found at or near the livestock farms. Most of the semiarid zone lies within the IoriRegion IBA (Important Bird Area GE011; BirdLife International 2012). The IBA is important for breeding andwintering birds of prey (25 species recorded) and the steppe bird assemblage.


QUALITY:
Among largest and most diverse palsa mires in Iceland.Globally important breeding and feeding site for Anser brachyrhynchus. Estimated to be the largest breeding colony in the world for the species. Over 23.000 breeding pairs estimated in 2010, which is 19% of Icelandic population. Iceland most important breeding area for the species.


QUALITY:
A highly diverse freshwater and wetland habitat system in a volcanically active zone. Site of global importance for waterbirds. Most important site in Iceland for Bucephala islandica (90% of breeding population and 70% of wintering population). Iceland is only breeding site for the species in Europe. Most important site in Iceland for Podiceps auritus (53% of breeding population) which is classified VU on the global IUCN Red List, but population increasing in Iceland so classified LC on national Red List.Very important site for Aythya marila (30% of breeding population). Populations is declining in Iceland and it is classified VU on national Red List but LC on global Red List.Important site for Histrionicus histrionicus (3% of breeding population) and Gavia immer (2,6% of breeding population).


QUALITY:
The largest protected area in Iceland, covering over 14700 km2. Includes Vatnajökull, the largest ice cap in Europe. The national park characterised by high landscape and habitat diversity including unique glacial and volcanic features. Very important site for geothermal alpine habitat types.Largest breeding colony of Branta leucopsis in Iceland is inside the National Park (over 50% of breeding population). Important breeding and moulting site for Anser brachyrhynchus (3% of breeding population, 2-3% of moulting population). Over 2% of known territories of Falco rusticolus in Iceland are within park borders, probably an underestimate. Important breeding site for Phoca vitulina within park borders (9% of Icelandic population). Historically large breeding site of Stercorarius skua within the park borders (c. 16% of Icelandic population in 1985-1985).


QUALITY:
Large highland wetland area in 600 meters above sea level with high plant diversity. Among the largest palsa mires in Iceland.Used to be the most important breeding site for Anser brachyrhynchus, but in 2010 only 1% of Icelandic population nested there (1539 breeding pairs). Still a site of importance as Iceland is the most important breeding area for the species.


DOCUMENTATION:
Naturmonographie Ruggeller Riet, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 12, Vaduz 1990 Inventar der Naturvorrangflächen im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Mario F. Broggi, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 15, Vaduz 1996 Die Magerstandorte des Fürstentums Liechtenstein, Georg Amann; Andreas Beiser; Michael Dipner; Mary Leibundgut; Cornelia Mayer; Rudolf  Staub, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 29, Vaduz 2013 Brutvogelatlas, Georg Willi, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 31, Vaduz 2019 Grundlagenstudie zur Hydrologie, Bodenbeschaffenheit und Agrarnutzung im Naturvorranggebiet des Ruggeller Rietes, BZG 2001 Vegetationskartierung Ruggeller Riet 2018, Renat AG  2018

QUALITY:
With its 90 ha, the Ruggeller Riet is the most important and largest fen complex in Liechtenstein. As the largest remaining remnant of the once widespread mires of the Alpine Rhine Valley, the Ruggeller Riet has been under nature conservation by ordinance since 1978 and has been a Ramsar Convention site since 1991. Together with the mire areas in Sennwald (Switzerland) and the bordering Natura 2000 site Bangs Matschels (AT3408000), the area represents a transboundary hotspot of wetlands in the Alpine Rhine Valley. Within the perimeter of the nature reserve, all areas formerly used for intensive agriculture have been extensified over the last decades. Today, most of the area is used as straw meadow. It is not allowed to cut the straw meadow before 15th September. The diversity of plant communities provides a habitat for a large number of rare animal and plant species. With around 450 plant species, the Ruggeller Riet has the highest plant diversity in Liechtenstein. Plant species such as the rare Allium suaveolens or the Siberian Iris have their distribution focus here. It is a breeding and migration area of supra-regional importance for birdlife and is home to the most important and in some cases the only populations of many species that are rare in Liechtenstein, such as the Corncrake, Whinchat and Grasshopper Warbler. It is also particularly important as a habitat for rare butterflies such as the False Ringlet and rare snail species. The Ruggeller Riet is also the central mire area in the awareness of the local people, with high numbers of visitors as part of local recreation area. It is therefore an ideal place for making people understand the importance of nature conservation issues. In order to protect the rare meadow breeders and the vegetation, it is forbidden to leave paths. Compliance is ensured by nature guards.

DESIGNATION:
The entire area is designated as a nature conservation area (Law of 23 May 1996 on the Protection of Nature and Landscape (Nature Conservation Act).

OTHERCHARACT:
The nature protection area „Ruggeller Riet“ has been forming postglacially after the melting of the Rhine glacier. The ridges of the mountains „Eschnerberg“ an „Schellenberg“ (Helvetikum)  were preventing the area at issue from even levelling by the debris of the river „Rhine“. Thereby, a large backwater was emerging. The marshlands of today have been formed through the silting up of this backwater. The peat thickness is up to 9m in the centre an decreases towards the river „Rhine“ and the mountain „Schellenberg“. Within the nature protection area, some clay-sand layers from earlier floods of the nearby rivers „Ill“ and „Rhine“ can be found. Nowadays, a network of open artificial ditches drains the area towards the west. The Ruggeller Riet is now higher than the surrounding area due to intensive agriculture in the latter. The intensive agriculture lead to  the subsidence of the peaty soils as a result of the mineralisation after the drainage. Due to these circumstances, the „ Ruggeller Riet“ is increasinlgy influenced by rainwater and increasingly less influenced by groundwater. Accrodingly, tendencies of superficial acidification can be observed. Moreover, shifts in the vegetation indicate tendencies of desiccation and eutrophication.


DOCUMENTATION:
Grossmann, F. (1977): Bericht zur Vegetationskarte des Naturschutzgebietes Schwabbrünnen-Äscher. BZG Bericht 77, S. 38-43.Amann, G. & RENAT (2010): Aktualisierung der Vegetationskarte des NSG Schwabbrünnen-Äscher. Bericht zur Kartierung. 37 S.

QUALITY:
The Schwabbrünnen-Äscher is the second largest fen complex in Liechtenstein with its 54 ha, of which around 34 ha are bog areas. As the remnant of the once widespread mires of the Alpine Rhine Valley, the Schwabbrünnen-Äscher has been the first Liechtenstein nature reserve to be protected by ordinance since 1961. In 1975, it was extended to include the Nendler Rüfe with the flood protection basins and forest areas. Today, the marshland areas are used as straw meadows with late cutting after 15th of September. The diversity of plant communities provides a habitat for a high number of rare animal and plant species. The Schwabbrünnen-Äscher has a high plant diversity with over 500 plant species. A special feature is the Orchis palustris, which only occurs here. The area is of special importance as a habitat for rare butterflies (e.g. False Ringlet) as well as rare snail species. Numerous dragonfly species also benefit from the high humidity; the only known Liechtenstein site of the Mercury Bluet is in the limestone sinter sites. Together with the forest areas, the Schwabbrünnen-Äscher also forms an important wildlife conservation area in winter. Accordingly, it is designated as a winter resting zone with a ban on entering from January to March.

OTHERCHARACT:
The nature protection area Schwabbrünnen-Äscher was formed postglacially after the melting of the Rhine glacier. The location at the foot of the slope between the scree cones of Schaan (Forstrüfe) and Nendeln (Nendler Rüfe) and the distance to the Rhine prevented an even levelling by the debris of the Rhine. A larger backwater was formed here and through successive silting up the present marsh areas were created. A network of open artificial ditches drains the area to the west. Impermeable layers partly force the slope water to the surface. The limestone sintering sites are a special feature of the Schwabbrünnen-Äscher. Towards the west the nature reserve is bordered by the railroad and towards the east by a road. To the north and south, the protected area also includes flood protection basins.


DOCUMENTATION:
In order to create favourable conditions for the reproduction of rare and endangered  species of animals and plants, the Government of the Republic of Moldova, by the decision No. 209 from April 23, 1991 on creation of the natural reserve "Beleu Lake", declared  that 1,5 km around Beleu Lake had to be considered natural reserve "Prutul de Jos" with a whole surface of 1 691 ha, of which:meadows  - 124 haforests - 306 hawaters - 628 haswamps and reed thicket - 610 haother areas - 23 haThe natural reserve "Prutul de Jos" is considered Scientific Reserve, according to IUCN classification, by the Law No. 1538-XVIII from February 25, 1998 on the fund of natural areas protected by state.

QUALITY:
The Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova has elaborated the herbarium of the reserve, which includes 190 species of vascular plants. Salix alba, Salix triandra and Salix viminalis occur among  timber species and regenerate very well in swampy conditions and water meadows. According to scientific investigations, 155 species of birds, 24 species of mammals and 15 species of amphibians and reptiles live in reserve and occur there during spring and autumn migrations.At present 15 species of fish (Cyprinus carpio, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Carassius auratus gibelio, Abramis brama) were inventoried in Beleu Lake.

DESIGNATION:
The natural  reserve "Prutul de Jos" has local, national and international significance. It plays host to many species of animals and plants and serves as a halt place for migratory species of animals.- it plays host to animal and plant species from swamps and water  meadows, - the reserve is a halt place for migratory species of animals, including 155 species of birds, 24 species of mammals and 13 species of amphibians and reptiles,- it is the spreading area of 190 species of plants,- 15 species of fish were identified as a result of investigations.

OTHERCHARACT:
The reserve includes Beleu Lake, a network of swamps and a sector of meadow. The soils represent clayey-sandy formations, which appeared as a result of high and low tides from the lake. There are about 190 species of vascular plants on the territory of the reserve, the majority being aquatic and paludous  ones. The fauna of the reserve constitutes 198 species of animals.


DOCUMENTATION:
The Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" was founded (in 1993) by the Government decision No. 403 from June 2, 1993, initially, on a surface of 6 032 ha. The Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" is managed by the State Forestry Service.

QUALITY:
The whole surface of the Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" is 6032 ha, of which 3054 ha are covered by forests.  Quercus robur is the mostly spread among tree species. The following species have a big weight:  Populus alba, Populus nigra, Populus canadensis.Then the following species come: Salex, Robinia, Acer, Fraxinus, Ulmus and various rasinous.

DESIGNATION:
The creation of the Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" contributed:- to protect  a wide spectrum of fauna and flora species, including "the country of herons" - the largest  colony  of waterfowls in the Republic of Moldova, which nest on oaks,- to protect the oldest forests from  the Prut River meadow,- to protect rare species of fauna and flora,- to protect migratory species of animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the reserve represents a plain, which is inclined a little bit from North to South. The soils are represented by alluvial formations and meadow chernozems; saline soils occur at the boundaries, where the forests border on grassy cover. The natural forest covers 3054 ha (52.1% of the reserve); the forest stands constitute 1755 ha (30% of the reserve) and brushes cover 119 ha (2% of the reserve).The main forest types are the  following: oak groves, covering 1018 ha (18% of the reserve), poplar groves, representing 1082 ha (18.5% of the reserve) and willow groves, covering 372 ha (6% of the reserve). There are about 700 species of vascular plants on the territory of the reserve, of which about 79 are considered rare plants. The fauna includes 210 species, of which: mammals - 45 species, birds - 150 species, reptiles - 7 species and amphibians - 8 species.  14 species constitue the total number of rare terrestrial  vertebrate animals.


DOCUMENTATION:
Scientific Reserve Plaiul Fagului is created under the Government Decision no. 167 of March 12, 1992. Reserve Plaiul Fagului is protected under the "Law on State Protected Natural Areas", adopted by the Parliament of Moldova (1998) is attributed to the world scientific Reservations category. In Appendix 1 is assigned the row number 4.

QUALITY:
Year of establishment - 12 March 1992. Description - 5387 ha is occupied by trees, including beech formations (272 ha), Ash (1163 ha), two species of oak (1039 ha), lime (169 ha), other species (169 ha). A totalof  183 ha of forest area include:  arable land (7 hectares), orchards (8 ha), plantations (13 ha), pastures (21 ha), wetlands (7 ha), ponds (24 ha), construction (15 ha) , unproductive lands (35 ha). Flora - Flora includes 909 species of plants (639 species of vascular plants, 151 species of fungi, 48 species of lichens, 65 species of moss). Of the 270 plant species considered as rare flora in Moldova, 82 were highlighted in the area, and Dryopteris Austrian rediviva Lunaria, Orthilia second, Pyrola rotundifolia, Padus avium and Telekia speciosa are known only within the reservation.Fauna include 42 species of mammals (Insectivora - 6 species, Chiroptera-4, Lagomorpha - 1, Rodentia - 128, Carnivora - 8, Artiodactila - 5), about 110 bird species in 13 orders group (8 rare), 7 species of reptiles, 8 species of amphibians.

DESIGNATION:
The creation of the Scientific Reserve "Plaiul Fagului" contributed:- to protect  a wide spectrum of fauna and flora species,- to protect habitat of Beech forests,- to protect rare species of fauna and flora,- to protect migratory species of animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
Description - 5387 ha is occupied by trees, including beech formations (272 ha), Ash (1163 ha), two species of oak (1039 ha), lime (169 ha), other species (169 ha).


QUALITY:
Surface of protected area is 5642 ha, according to the Law, and  5558.7 ha in accordance with the forest management. The area of 720 ha is under the strict protection, and 4 455 ha represent a buffer zone.


DOCUMENTATION:
According to the Law on Environmental Protection (No. 1515 from 16.06.93), natural resources -  soil, subsoil, waters, flora and fauna are national treasures of the Republic of Moldova (Article 4, Chapter 1). The right to manage all natural resources on behalf of Moldova State Parliament (it is Chapter 2, Article 7, Chapter 3 of the Law on State Protected Natural Areas No. 1538 of  02/25/1998) provides that the fund may include protected areas and private lands, taken under the state protection.

QUALITY:
Framework Regulation on Wetlands of International Importance established administration tasks  for Ramsar areas (Article 13): 1) organizing and conducting of all forms of activity, ensuring the protection, preservation and restoration  of valuable sectors in terms of biodiversity; 2) preserve and improve conditions for aquatic and marsh birds, especially during periods of  migration,  and for natural ecosystems made of older trees, aquatic biotopes; 3) conservation of rare plants and animals, endangered and vulnerable bird colonies and concentrations of vulnerable animals such as bats, dragonflies, insects antofile and others by creating  optimal conditions of existence and reproduction; 4) create conditions for regulated tourism and recreation; 5) regulated management of natural resources; 6) promoting environmental education of the population.

DESIGNATION:
Protection of biodiversity and wetlands1) to ensure that Ramsar protection regime; 2) to implement measures for liquidation of pollution sources; 3) create and ensure the efficient operation of treatment plants; 4) to inform local and central authorities and operating environmental and central bodies of public administration, managing the water fund, about accidents that may have negative impact on the hydrological regime or cause damage to plants and animals


DOCUMENTATION:
All protected Areas in this zone are managed in conformity with the Law on natural areas protected by the state, adopted by the Parliament Decision no. 1538-XIII of 25.02.1998.

QUALITY:
Rayons of  Briceni, Edinet. Forestries of  Lipcani and Briceni. Forest  massifs of  Caracuaeni (1366 ha), Rososeni (1390 ha), Sireuti (1165 ha), Balasineati (664 ha).

DESIGNATION:
Area "Caracuseni" includes a number of State Protected Areas: Landscape Reserve "Tetcani" surface of 164 ha, Landscape reserve "Complex basin geology and paleontology of Lopatnic" 452 ha, Natural forest reserve "Rososeni" 149 ha, Botanical Nature Reserve "Rososeni" 368 ha. Botanical nature monument "Caracuseni" 4.2 ha. Geological and paleontological nature monument "Perera" 5 ha. Resources reserve  "Complex soils and gray-dark gray forest in northern Moldova" 52 ha


QUALITY:
Valuable ecosystems of Quercus petrae  and Quercus robur.The area was included into the project fo the first National Parc in Moldova with the total area of apprx. 20 000 ha.  Landscape reserve Tiganesti (680ha), Landscape reserve  Trebujeni (500 ha), secular trees.


DOCUMENTATION:
Law No. 1538-XVIII from February 25, 1998 on the fund of natural areas protected by state.

QUALITY:
Scientific reserve "Plaiul Fagului", Cornesti, Bahmut-LeurdoaiaLeurdoaia, Bogus, Scafareni Forest Nature Reserve,

DESIGNATION:
Codrii "Bahmut-Hirjauca" is a protected area with beech forests, oak habitats. There is a recreational zone with with cultural objects (monasteries).

OTHERCHARACT:
Valuable ecosystems of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in the Western part of  Central Moldova Plateau.


DOCUMENTATION:
Law on State Protected Natural Areas. Adopted by the Parliament Decision no. 1538-XIII of 25.02.1998.

QUALITY:
Ecosystems of Quercus petraea, Quercus robur and Quercus pubescens in the South part of the Republic of Moldova on the chain of hills which slope down towards the central zone of the country.

DESIGNATION:
Landscape reserve "Codrii Tigheci"( 3554 ha)

OTHERCHARACT:
Natural oak forest type and watershed forests on steep slopes. The composition of the forest: Quercus pedunculiflora, Q. petraea, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, Cerasus avium, Sorbus domestica. Among herbaceous plants, many Balkan-Mediterranean species: celnusa, pasqueflower negriscent and a.


QUALITY:
Ecosystems of  Quercus petraea,  Quercus pubescens and Fagus sylvatica and also the small areas of pastures and mezophyl meadow.  50 species of rare plants.Monasteries of  Capriana, Condrita, Suruceni, Hancu.

DESIGNATION:
Codrii Strasenilor are designated for forest and species protection, as well as used as recreational, tourist and cultural zone

OTHERCHARACT:
Natural forest on slopes with different exposition. The composition of the forest fall: oak, lime, hornbeam, different species of scrub. Some forest areas involve trees of more than 100 years age. Among the rare plants are vascular ones. It is a typical  central woods landscape area.


QUALITY:
Meadow ecosystems (forest, aquatic amd pastures) placed in the middle part of Prut river. Scientific reserve "Padurea Domneasca" and a number of different geoloic, landscape, aquatic and meadow  protected areas.Landscape reserve Suta de movile - 1072 ha, Izvoare-Risipeni - 1162 ha.

DESIGNATION:
- to protect  a wide spectrum of fauna and flora species, including "the country of herons" - the largest  colony  of waterfowls in the Republic of Moldova, which nest on oaks,- to protect the oldest forests from  the Prut River meadow,- to protect rare species of fauna and flora,- to protect migratory species of animals.


QUALITY:
Meadow ecosystems (forest, aquatic amd marshy areas) within the lower part of Prut river. There are rare plant species belonging to   these ecosystems, which have been included into the Red Book of Moldova: Nymphaea alba, Trapa natans, Salvinia natans.

DESIGNATION:
- it plays host to animal and plant species from swamps and water  meadows, - the reserve is a halt place for migratory species of animals, including 155 species of birds, 24 species of mammals and 13 species of amphibians and reptiles,- it is the spreading area of 190 species of plants,- 15 species of fish were identified as a result of investigations.


QUALITY:
Forest ecosystems of willow, white poplar and Quercus robur in the meadows of lower Nistru. Valuable surfaces with aquatic and marshy vegetation, marchy sectors, meanders of river in the proximity of villages of  Copanca, Talmaz, Olanesti and steppe zones near the villages of Ciobruciu, Rascaieti. Valuable surfaces with aquatic and marshy vegetation.

DESIGNATION:
Landscape reserve "Gradina Turceasca" (224 ha) Rayons of Causeni, Stefan - Voda. Forestry of  Copanca, Talmaz, Olanesti.The area is designated for the  protection of old Nistru river bed.


QUALITY:
Nature monuments (geologic and paleontologic) "Cosauti", hills "Casca", ravine "Bechirov iar", tectonic fault near  Naslavcea village, etc.  Forest and grassy ecosystems on stone substrates. Special landscale and ecological value.

DESIGNATION:
"Stincile Nistrene" is designated for protection of natural monuments, landscapes and areas.


QUALITY:
Quercus ecosystems. Monasteries of  Saharna and Tipova. Sectors of special landscape value.

DESIGNATION:
"Rezina-Tipova" is designed for protection of area, including caves, riverside zone, forests, etc. This are includes recreation zones and has a tourism significance.


QUALITY:
Composition and structure of steppes within this zone is very diverse. The  "Ciumai" area is considered as a nuclei-zone of international importance. It is formed of   Festucetum stipeto (S. ucrainica)-herbosum, Festucetum stipeto (S. lessingiana + S. ucrainica + S. capillata)-herbosum, Festucetum herbosum, Festucetum stipeto (S. capillata)-herbosum, Stipetum (S. capillata)-herbosum, Bothriochloetum stiposum (S. capillata), Bothriochloetum Within the Ciumai representative sector with steppe vegetation, 421 species of vascular plants were identified; within the Bugeac steppe near the village of Bugeac, 273 species of vascular plants were identified in the representative sector. Out of them,  13 species are rare, 9 are under the state protection, and 3 are included into the Red Book of Moldova.  The population is mainly dealing with agriculture (viticulture, horticulture and cattle-breeding).

DESIGNATION:
Bugeac steppe is designated for protection of steppe areas.


QUALITY:
There are 163 species of vascular plants on the 8 ha surface in the representation sector of steppe vegetation near the village of  Vranesti (Singerei rayon).

DESIGNATION:
Balti steppe area is a protected zone, being an unique natural stepper strip in the Northern part of Moldova.


DOCUMENTATION:
In conformity with the national classification, the Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" is attributed to the category of Landscape Reserves, in accordance with the Law on  the Fund of natural areas protected by the state, adopted by the Parliament of Moldova in 1998.

QUALITY:
Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" involve the genetic fund  of 543 species of vascular plants, inclusive 29 species of trees. The Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" is populated by 26 species of mammals, 69 species of birds, 9 species of amphibian and reptilian. The total number of rear and vulnerable species  is 18, inclusive Ameles decolor Charp., Carabus intricatus Germ., Hesperia coma L., Leptidea morsei Fenton, Aglais urticae L., Argynnis Pandora Den.et Schiff., Euphydryas maturna L., Melitaea athalia Rott., Catocala sponsa L., Xylocopa violacea L., Formica rufa L., Mantis religiosa L., Oryctes nasicornis L., Lucanus cervus L., Morimus funereus Mulsant, Callimorpha quadripunctaria Poda, Iphiclides podalirius L., Papilio machaon L.

DESIGNATION:
Padurea Harbovet" forest area was desemnated  as the natural protected area in 1975 by the Decision of the Council of Ministers of Moldovan SSR nr. 5 of 8.01.1075. The total area of the Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" is 2218 ha.

OTHERCHARACT:
559,4 ha of the introducent arboreta were implanted in the Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet", 471,9 ha of them are the arboreta of Robinia pseudoacacia,  17,0 ha of Gleditschia triacanthos, 16,7 ha of  Juglands regia, 10,0 ha of Juglans nigra, 6,0 ha - arboreta of Quercus rubra, 30,3 ha of arboreta de Pinus and 7,5 ha - Picea abies.


DOCUMENTATION:
Pădurea din Hânceşti este atribuită la Categoria Rezervaţii peisagistice. Este protejată de  către stat conform „Legea privind fondul ariilor naturale protejate de stat”, adoptată de Parlamentul Republicii Moldova(1998). Numărul de ordine din Anexa nr.5  este 23.

QUALITY:
The quality of the site is medium. the total number of species presented in the site: 292 vascular species of plants, 30 mammals sp., 108 birds sp., 13 sp. herpetofauna.  The list of rare and vulnerable species includes: 11 species of rare plants, 7 sp. of mammals, 7 birdsd sp., 6 insects sp. . Emerald species are: 1 sp. of mammals (Myotis dasycneme), 28 birds sp., 7 herpetofauna sp.

DESIGNATION:
Obiectiv specific al Ariei Protejate este protecţia arboretelor natural fundamentale,speciile de plante rare, peisajele. Arboretele natural fundamentale de  gorun şi de stejar pedunculat, peisagele.

OTHERCHARACT:
"Padurea Hincesti" site contains the vegetative associations of oak species. According to the law on Protected areas, the site is belonging to the landscape protected area cathegory (IUCN IV). It is considered relevant for this site to apply the natural regeneration methods by natural seeding and measures of maintaining and protection. "Padurea Hincesti" site is situated in close distance to Hincesti town, Sarata Mereseni and and Mereseni settlements in the Hincesti raion and is supposed to the medium antropic influience. The vegetative associations of introducent species as pinus, nut and acacia are present in the site. The site is administrated by the mereseni Foresry administration, Forestry enterprise "Hincesti".


QUALITY:
The quality of site is medium. There are 10 rare and vulnerable plant species, 6 bird species, 4 herpetofauna species are present in the site. Among the important species protected by the Bern Convention - 1 mammal sp. (Lutra lutra L.), 12 bird sp., 11 herpetofauna sp.

OTHERCHARACT:
The "Curatura" site is situated between Poiana and Curatura settlements in the Soldanesti raion at the Dnister river bank.  It includes parcelles 23-20 of the Soldanesti Forestry Administration (Ocolul silvic), Forestry enterprise Soldanesti. According to the law on Protected areas, the site "Curatura" is defined as the landscape protected area category (IUCN IV). It is represented by the vegetative associations: As Quercetum robori-petraeae Borza 1929 (1959) and phytocenosis Scirpus triqueter. There are two invasive species: Urtica dioica L. and Acer negundo L.


QUALITY:
The conservation quality of site is medium. The total number of species presented here: 188 vascular plant species, 28 mammals sp., 52 bird sp., Total number of rare and vulnerable species: 20 plant sp., 7 mammals sp., 1 bird sp., 1 sp. herpetofauna,5 insect sp.Emerald species: 11 bird species, 10 sp. herpetofauna, 2 sp. insects.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site "Climauti de Jos" is administrtated by the Soldanesti Forestry Administration, Soldanesti Forest enterprise. The site is situates close to "Climauti de Jos" settlement, near Soldanesti town. According to the IUCN classification, the site is the lansdcape natural reserve IUCN IV. vegetetative associations: Ass. Querco(roboris)-Carpinetum Borza 1937, Ass. Ceraso(avium)-Quercetum Gheideman and col., 1964


DOCUMENTATION:
Aria Naturală Protejată „Cărbuna” este atribuită la categoria Rezervaţii Peisagistice, conform „Legea privind fondul ariilor naturale protejate de stat”, adoptată de Parlamentul Republicii Moldova(1998). Numărul de ordine din Anexa nr.5  este 11.

QUALITY:
The site is a medium quality of conservation. The site has a social importance for the local people form the neighboring settlements. Local people use to collect wood from the sanitar cutting in the site. The site can play important role as an educative site for school children for biological normative course, for art, photo etc. The genetic diversity has also scientific importance. The total number of species presented in the site - 384 vascular sp., 24 mammals sp., 51 birds sp., 12 herpetofauna sp., The total number of rare and vulnerable species: 9 plant sp.,  5 mammals sp., 1 bird sp., 2 herpetofauna sp., 13 insect sp.Emerald species: 1 mammals sp., (Myotis dasycneme), 6 bird sp., 7 herpetofauna sp., 1 insect sp.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site "Carbuna" is representing with the oak and hornbean associations of the medium productivity. In accordance with the Law on protected areas, the "Carbuna" protected area is defined as the lanscapes protected area (IUCN IV). In accordance with the Law on protected areas, the "Carbuna" protected area is defined as the lanscapes protected area (IUCN IV). The age of trees is 60-80 years, average high is 22 m. It is in a close distance to the settlements - Carbuna, Zliti and others, constructions and the railway Chisinau-Iargara.  The site is administrrated by the Carbuna Forestry Administration, Silvo-cinegetic enterprise "Sil-Razeni". No any touristic or recreation objects placed in the territory of the site. There is acacia plantation in the site. There is a Management plan for the "Carbuna" site in place and an inventary of forestry resources is developed. The presented vegetative associations are represented by Q. pubescens, Q.petrae and Q. robur. The regenerarion of the vegetative association is recomended by natural regenirarion metghods using seeding plantations. There is important site for recreation for local public.


OTHERCHARACT:
Protected area "Lunca Baraboi' bolongs to the category of protected area with the multifunctional management, according to the law on protected areas - IUCN - IV cathegory, Meadow (de lunca) natural reserve. the 'Baraboi" site is situated close to the Briceva and Antoneuca settlements, and is administrated by the Baraboi mayory , Donduseni raion. It is part of the Balti steppe field (chimpia) and Prutului de Mijloc (middle prut river) with the steppic meadow landscape. Vegetative associations: Ass. Agrostetum stoloniferae Ujvarosi 1941, Ass. Agrostetum tenuis Sapegiu 1986, Ass. Agrostetum giganteae M. Kosmodamianskaia 1967.


QUALITY:
The "Luncile Bursuceni" site is of a medium conservation quality.The total list of species of flora comprise 114 of vascular species. Important meadow plant species are: Alopecurus arundinaceus, Alopecurus pratensis, Asparagus officinale, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex vulpina, Festuca pratensis, Iris halophila, Juncus gerardii, Limonium gmelinii, Poa pratensis, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia gigantea.

DESIGNATION:
Comunităţi vegetale de luncă şi specii de plante reprezentative şi caracteristice pentru vegetaţia de luncă (Juncus gerardii).

OTHERCHARACT:
The Emerald site "Luncile Bursuceni" is the natural reserve protected under the law on Protected areas, it belongs to the IUCN IV cathegory and is the multifunctional area of the meadow vegetation. The site is administrated by the Local administration of Bursuceni village, Singerei raion.  The site is situated along the meadow bank of Ciulucul Mic river. Important vetetative associations: Phragmitetum vulgaris Soó 1927, Caricetum otrubae Dihoru (1969) 1970 , Alopecuretum ventricosi Turenschi 1966, Puccinellietum distantis Soó 1937; Knapp 1948, Juncetum gerardii (Warming 1906) Nordhagen 1923; Wenzl 1934.Invasive species presented in the site are Cardaria draba, Lepidium ruderale, lepidium campestre,  Senecio vernalis, Xanthium strumarium.


QUALITY:
Mentinerea nivelului apelor freatice, purificarea apelor de suprafată, retinerea materialului de calmatareGenofondul speciilor de plante poate fi utilizat în educarea tineretului studios si efectuarea cercetărilor stiintifice de monitoring

DESIGNATION:
Aria protejata reprezintă un sector de luncă cu vegetatie de pajiste primară (n-a fost arată) de luncă cu predominarea golomătului

OTHERCHARACT:
Aria Protejata reprezintă un sector de luncă cu vegetatie de pajiste primară de luncă cu predominarea golomătului


QUALITY:
Medium conservation quality. A number of Emerald species are represented in the area. Local community and local people use the wood collected from the sanitar cutting. This protected area can be used for educational scopes by local schoolchildren (for biology, art and design, photography etc).


DOCUMENTATION:
The Protected Natural Area La  Castel was set up in accordance with the Decision N 5 from January 8, 1975 of the Soviet of Ministers of the SSR Moldova. It is a natural reservation of the IV IUCN category.

QUALITY:
The Protected Natural Area La Castel is referred to as the Category of Landscape Reservations which are protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998.The landscape reservation La Castel is situated not far from the villages Gordinesti, Burlănesti, Edinet district, in the lots 40-48 from the Forestry Edinet within the Facility for Forestry  Edinet.

DESIGNATION:
On the territory of the Protected Area La 33 de Vaduri, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 1 species of plants, 2 species of mammals, 1 species of birds and 5 species of invertebrates. As a result of the analysis of trees from the natural reservation La Castel we drew the conclusion that the main trees that cover large territories are common and peduncular oaks and other kinds of plants. The growth of common and peduncular oaks is performed only with the help of the method of sowing and development of sapling-covered areas. The regeneration of common and peduncular oaks takes place due to the process of natural regeneration.

OTHERCHARACT:
The main natural trees that grow in this area are peduncular oaks, common oaks, populations of rare animals and plants and landscapes.In the Protected Natural Area we can also fiind rocks, archaeological vestiges which are of special interest for the organization of tourism.


EXPLANATIONS:
The Landscape Reservation Nisporeni is situated to the south-east of the town Nisporeni. It includes the plots 7-38 of the Forestry Nisporeni in the Facility for Forestry “NISPORENI-SILVA” and plots 1-21 and 23 in the Forestry ONEȘTI within the Facility for Forestry “HÎNCEȘTI-SILVA”.Among other sights besides the forestry ones there is the monument “The Girl’s Cross” in the Protected Area. There also exists a legend about the origin of this monument.

QUALITY:
The forest resources of fluffy and common oaks cover the biggest part of the reservations. The basic associations are: As. Cotino-Quercetum pubescentis Soo 1932; As. Carpino-Quercetum petraeae Borza 1941; As. Tilio-tomentosae-Carpinetum Doniță, 1968.

DESIGNATION:
The Landscape Reservation Nisporeni is situated to the south-east of the town Nisporeni. It includes the plots 7-38 of the Forestry Nisporeni in the Facility for Forestry “NISPORENI-SILVA” and plots 1-21 and 23 in the Forestry ONEȘTI within the Facility for Forestry “HÎNCEȘTI-SILVA”.Among other sights besides the forestry ones there is the monument “The Girl’s Cross” in the Protected Area. There also exists a legend about the origin of this monument.The forest resources of fluffy and common oaks cover the biggest part of the reservations. The basic associations are: As. Cotino-Quercetum pubescentis Soo 1932; As. Carpino-Quercetum petraeae Borza 1941; As. Tilio-tomentosae-Carpinetum Doniță, 1968.

OTHERCHARACT:
The protected Natural Area Villa Nisporeni is protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998. It is referred to as the Category of Landscape Reservations.It is a natural reservation (referring to category IV IUCN) It belongs and is administered by the Facility for Forestry “NISPORENI-SILVA” and by the Forestry ONESTI within the Facility for Forestry “HÎNCESTI-SILVA”.


QUALITY:
Important associations from the Protected Area are: as. Querco-robori-Carpinetum Soo et Pocs (1931) 1957.

DESIGNATION:
A specific objective of the Protected Area Zăbriceni is protection of populations of rare plants and animals, fundamental natural arboreta of peduncular oaks and landscapes. On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 3 species of mammals, 1 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 4 species of invertebrates.Important associations from the Protected Area are: as. Querco-robori-Carpinetum Soo et Pocs (1931) 1957.

OTHERCHARACT:
The protected Natural Area 21 Zăbriceni is reffered to the Category of Landscape Reservations which are protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998. A specific objective of the Protected Area Zăbriceni is protection of populations of rare plants and animals, fundamental natural arboreta of peduncular oaks and landscapes. On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 3 species of mammals, 1 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 4 species of invertebrates.


QUALITY:
Important associations from the Protected Area: as. Cotino-Quercetum pubescentes Soo 1932.

DESIGNATION:
On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 6 species of plants, 1 species of mammals, 2 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 5 species of invertebrates.

OTHERCHARACT:
A specific objective of the Protected Area Fetești is protection of populations of rare plants and animals, of fundamental natural arboreta of fluffy oaks, of peduncular oaks and landscapes. On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 6 species of plants, 1 species of mammals, 2 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 5 species of invertebrates.


QUALITY:
The objective of this area is to preserve the fundamental tree of peduncular tree, the aquatic resources (springs), rare species of plants and animals. The protected area La 33 Vaduri contains associations of peduncular oak and hornbean.

DESIGNATION:
The Protected Natural Area La 33 de Vaduri is situated in the vicinity of the village Naslavcea and is influenced by the activity of the population from these localities, that’s why it is necessary that we should organize an analysis and a strategy for tackling the phenomena of threats and pressures. In the protected area La 33 de Vaduri there exist territories with introducent plants which do not present any interest for the conservation of biodiversity. People from the neighbourhood localities use wood resources obtained from the sanitary cutting of trees.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Protected Natural Area 28 La 33 de Vaduri is referred to the Category of Landscape Reservations. It is protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998. On the territory of the Protected Area La 33 de Vaduri, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 1 species of plants, 2 species of mammals, 1 species of birds and 5 species of invertebrates.


DOCUMENTATION:
The protected area is situated in the river meadow of the river Cubolta and administered by the mayoralty Maramonovca in Drochia district.The main sites are represented by the pasture in the river meadow with reed which contains a sector with primary vegetation of 38 species of vascular plants.

QUALITY:
Important associations are: Ass. Sparganio-Glicerietum Br.-Bl.. 1925, Ass. Caricetum ripariae Soo 1928, Ass. Caricetum vulpine Nowinski 1927, Soo 1969.

OTHERCHARACT:
It is a natural area protected by the state. The swampy river meadow with bulrush was created in accordance with Decision 1538-XIII from 25.02,98 which was published in the Official Monitor nr. 66-68/442 from 16.07.1998, article 105.It is referred to as Natural Reservation (category IV IUCN)


QUALITY:
In the vicinity of the protected area the localities of the commune Maramonovca and the village Ceapaevca are situated and this fact produces an impact upon the condition of the protected area. There are territories with pasture which are very intensely used. There are also agricultural fields in the vicinity of the protected area, however, there are no industrial enterprises or other kinds of enterprises which would pollute the protected area of the river meadow.The fact that the hay is collected twice a year: in May-June and in July-August represents a great opportunity for the development of the community. The area plays an important role in maintaining the level of the water table, in the process of purification of surface waters, in the process of preservation of the material calming.

DESIGNATION:
The protected area the swampy river meadow with reed is situated in the northern part of the village Ceapaievca, in the river meadow of the river Căinari.The protected area is situated in the river meadow of the river Cubolta and administered by the mayoralty Maramonovca in Drochia district.The main sites are represented by the pasture in the river meadow with reed which contains a sector with primary vegetation of 38 species of vascular plants.Important associations are: Ass. Sparganio-Glicerietum Br.-Bl.. 1925, Ass. Caricetum ripariae Soo 1928, Ass. Caricetum vulpine Nowinski 1927, Soo 1969.

OTHERCHARACT:
The protected area represents a zone of the river meadow with primary pasture with bulrush. The protected area is administered by the Mayoralty Maramonovca from the district of Drochia. The river meadow represents a zone with primary vegetation which includes 38 species of vascular plants. We can also find here species of plants which are rare in the pasture land of river meadows: Juncus filiformis, Butumus umbelatus, Gliceria maxima, Alopecurus arundinaceus, Poa pretense, Filipendula ulmaria, Oenanthe aquatica, Triglochin palustre.Important associations: Ass. Scripeto-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926; Glycerietum maximae, Heck 1931; Butumetum umbelati Konczak 1968, Philipii 1973.


QUALITY:
Forest ecosystems of the protected area benefit the communities around climate regulation, reducing soil erosion, maintain groundwater.

DESIGNATION:
Forest cherry, oak and birch that have great importance for the local population and protection of various animal species


DOCUMENTATION:
It is protected by the state in accordance with “The Law regarding the fundamentals of development of areas protected by the state” which was adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998.

QUALITY:
The motorway Ocnita-Briceni, and the electric network of high tension are situated close to the boundaries of the Protected Area. The village Ocnita is situated in the vicinity of the protected area and this fact produces an impact upon the flora and the fauna of the protected area. The local population uses wood to warm their houses and construction purposes, gather hay, medicinal plants and mushrooms. The forest ecosystems in the protected area benefit the neighbourhood by influencing the climate, by reducing the level of erosion of the soil, by diminishing the possibilities of landslides, and by properly maintaining the table of waters.

DESIGNATION:
The land owner is Forestry Ocnița, the Facility for Forestry Edineț. Important associations are: Ass. Querceto (roboris) – Cerosietum Gheideman et aut. 1964 subass. Dambucietosum prunitosum.

OTHERCHARACT:
The main objects or values of protection of the Protected Area are the trees of oaks, common oaks and species of rare plants and animals. A great number of plants are included in the Red Book of Moldova: Viburnum opulus, Dryopteris carthusiana, Lilium martagon, Padus avium, Athyrium filixfemina.


DOCUMENTATION:
Law on State Protected Natural Areas, adopted by the Parliament (1998)

QUALITY:
Protect different species, recreational value

DESIGNATION:
Important Associations: As.Cotino-Soo pubescentis Guercetum 1932 as Pruno spinosae-Soo Crataegetum 1931. Downy oak ecosystems. In the protected area Telita to be found about 13 rare plant species, 16 animal species and three invertebrates.

OTHERCHARACT:
Poplar, downy oak forest. Forest Hill and Forest meadow


QUALITY:
Territory is important for the local population as grassland and potential as a meadow. It is also an aesthetic element of the landscape and can be admired and studied by tourists and specialists. Place of the populations of bird species, reptiles and amphibians that destroy the pests of agriculture.

OTHERCHARACT:
The region of the steppe fragmented fields of the Bugeac. The Ceagăi and Cogîlnicu hills, made up of sandy deposits, with typical low humerus chernozems on loessoid tiles of small thickness with oak forests (garnettes) and pheasant-dwarf vegetation


DOCUMENTATION:
The Protected Natural Area Zoloceni  is attributed to the category of Landscape Reserves, in accordance with the Law on the Fund of natural areas protected by the state, adopted by the Parliament of Moldova in 1998.


DOCUMENTATION:
It is included in the national ecological network as the nucleus. There is Moldsilva's forest management plan

QUALITY:
Territory is an aesthetic element of the land and it is interesting for tourists and specialists.

DESIGNATION:
The core area of the National Ecological Network

OTHERCHARACT:
The main types of ecosystems:- forests: Salicetum (alba) elytrigiosum (repens), Salicetum (alba) rubosum, Saliceo (alba) Populi (alba);- meadows: Agrostidetum (stolonifera), Junceto (gerardii) -eletrigietum (repens), Agrostidetum(stolonifera), reptiliens, Agrostidetum (stolonifera) trifoliosum (repens),Elytrigietum (repens) agrostidosum (stolonifera);- Palaeose vegetation: Phragmitetum (australis), Typhaetum (angustifolia)Typhetum (latifolia), Trifolieto (repens) -lolietum (perenne), Rorippeto (sylvestris) agrostidum (stolonifera);- aquatic vegetation: Lemnetum (minor);


DOCUMENTATION:
Protected Natural Area Chioselia is attributed to the Landscape Reservation Category, protected by the State in accordance with the "Law on Natural State Protected Areas", adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (1998).

QUALITY:
It is important for the collection of medicinal plants; use in eco-tourism for the purpose of making observations on the land and the rare species of plants (in the mass development period), the animal world; using grassland with regulated pressure. The territory has a stabilizing value for surrounding agrocenoses.

OTHERCHARACT:
On this territory is located the landscape reserve "Chioselia". Many rare Balkan-Mediterranean rare plants are present in the field: Adonis vernalis, Colchicum autumnale, Centaurea angelescui Grint. The provisions for the protection of the plant world stipulated in the management regulations in the landscape reserve "Chioselia" correspond to the needs for the maintenance of the state-protected species. The protection of species taken under state protection is related to the maintenance and limitation of management activities of the forest and arid areas containing steppe vegetation elements. No special protection measures apply to the animal world. It is necessary to prohibit grazing in the forest, to preserve the shrubland sectors, to provide animals with complementary food, to combat poaching. Zoning is required.


DOCUMENTATION:
The Protected Area "Afloriment de argile etuliene", according to the Law on Natural State Protected Areas, adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, Decree No. 1538-XIII of February 25, 1998, is attributed in the category Monuments of Nature, A) .Geological and Paleontological Annex No. 3.

QUALITY:
Territory is important for the local population as grassland. Are possible: collecting medicinal plants; the use as a seed bank of scarce and endangered census plants; use in ecotourism for making observations on rare species and species (in the period of mass development) of plants, birds, etc. This territory is an important place for the nesting and concentration of many bird species during post-slaughter and migration. A special value of the territory is related to the important paleontological discoveries.

OTHERCHARACT:
The main types of ecosystems:  -steppe: herbosa capillata, Bothriochloeto (ischaemum) -stipeta (capillata) herbosa, Festucetum (valesiaca), Festuceta (herbal herb), Bothriochloeta (ischaemum) herbosa, Poaeta angustifolia festucetum ) caricosum (praecox); Cynobacterium (dactylon) -lolietum (perenne), Cynodonetum (dactylon), Poaeto (angustifolia) -artemisietum (austriaca), Cynodonetum (dactylon) -lolietum (perenne), Agrostidetum (stolonifera) ) juncosum (gerardii), Elytrigietum (repens) juncosum (gerardii); - aquatic and palatal vegetation: Phragmitetum (australis), Typhaetum (angustifolia), Typhaetum (latifolia), Schoenoplectetum (lacustris), Schoenoplectetum (tabernaemontani), Glycerietum (arundinacea), Glycerietum (fluitans), Bolboschoenetum (maritimus); - aquatic vegetation: Lemnetum (minor), Salvinieto (natans) -spirodeletum (polyrhyse), Potamogetonetum (lucens), Nymphoidetum (peltata), Potamogetoneto (perfoliatum) ceratophylletum (submersum), Ceratophylleto (submersum) -potamogetonetum (crispus).


DOCUMENTATION:
The plan of making forest management works

QUALITY:
Supply of wood for fire and carpentry, handicraft, collection of fruit and medicinal plants, recreational activities, etc.

OTHERCHARACT:
Important associations: Ass. Querco (petraea) -Tilio-Fraxinetum Gheideman et al. 1964Ass. Querco (roboris) -Carpinetum Soo et Pocs (31) 1957Ass. Querco (petraea) -Carpinetum Soo et Pocs 1957


QUALITY:
It is important for protecting the population of Spermophilus citelus

OTHERCHARACT:
Territory is not sufficiently studied. Ecosystems are partially depressed due to grazing. The living place of the stable population Spermophilus citellus L. (IUCN International Red List, VU). It is necessary to limit the grazing, to preserve the shrub sectors and the grassy layer, to maintain silence during mammalian reproduction period, to combat poaching.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is the Planning of the Balti Forest Amenagement Plan, which also includes the management plan of the Protected Area of Rădoaia.

QUALITY:
Aria Radoaia is important for the protection of the Quercus robur and Quercus petraea natural forests. In this area there are about 18 species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, 30 species included in the Berne Convention lists and 22 species protected by the Law of the Republic of Moldova.

DESIGNATION:
The specific objective of the Protected Area Radoaia is the protection of the natural hornbeam and pedunculate oak

OTHERCHARACT:
forests: Querceta (robur) herbosa, Quercetum (robur) veratrosum (nigrum), Fraxineto (excelsior) -Querceta (robur) herbosa.steppe: Festuceta herbosa, Festuceto (valesiaca) -poaeta (angustifolia) herbosa, Elytrigieto (repens) -poaeta (angustifolia) herbosa, Poaeto (angustifolia) -bothriochloeta (ischaemum) herbosa;


DOCUMENTATION:
Protected Natural Area Vranesti Meadow is protected by the State in accordance with the "Law on the Natural State Protected Areas" adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (1998). It is attributed to Multifunctional Areas category A) Representative sectors with steppe vegetation.

QUALITY:
Genetic reservation of rare and endangered plant species. It is possible to use rare, endangered cetacean plant species as a seed bank; for the collection of medicinal plants; for the development of eco-tourism with the purpose of making observations on steppe and rare plant species (during mass development), steppe birds and rare insect species. Refuge for pollinators and animals destroying agricultural pests.

OTHERCHARACT:
In the territory were identified: - steppes: Stipeto (pulcherrima, pennata) -festucetum (valesiaca) caraganosum (frutex), Festuceto (valesiaca) -stipeta (pulcherrima) herbosa Stipeto herbosa Stipeto ) herbosa herbosa, Bothriochloeto-festuceta (valesiaca) herbosa, Festuceta (valesiaca) herbosa, Festuceto (valesiaca) -bothriochloeta herbosa, Elytrigieto (repens) -bothriochloeta (ischaemum) herbosa; - meadows: Elytrigieto (repens) -lolietum (perenne), Lolieto (perenne) -artemisieto (santonica) - atriplexiosum (tartarica), Puccinellieto (distant) -artemisietum (santonica), Artemisietum (santonica) santonica), Puccinellietum (distances).


DOCUMENTATION:
There is the Planning of the Soldanesti Forest Amenagement Plan, which also includes the management plan of the Protected Area of Dobrusa.

QUALITY:
On the territory of the area is located the landscape reserve "Dobruşa". Local populations of herpetofauna have been preserved in their natural state. For the protection of animals, it is necessary to preserve the shrubland sectors and the grassy of the glade and meadows. Ensuring complementary food for paricophy in winter, combating poaching, keeping quiet during reproduction.

OTHERCHARACT:
forests: Tilieto (tomentosa) -fraxineto (excelsior) -Quercetum (petraea), Carpineto (betulus) querceta (petraea), Tilieto (tomentosa) -carpinetum (betulus), Querceto robot carpinetum, petraea); glade: Bothriochloeta herbosa, Poaeta (angustifolia) herbosum, Lolietum (perenne) herbosum; meadows: Agrostidetum (stolonifera), Lolieto (perenne) -Ethertrigieta herbosa, Loletio (perenne) Potentilum (anserina), Trifolio (repens) -lolietum (perenne).


DOCUMENTATION:
There is Susnelli Forest Firemanship Plan, which also includes the management plan of the Protected Area Vâşcăuţi.

QUALITY:
The area is important for habitats and rocky landscapes, pedunculate oak stands and rare populations of plants and animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
In the area of Viscauti we encounter habitats and rocky landscapes, pedunculate oak stands and rare plants and animals.It is also possible to encounter geological rocks that break into the ravine, the river flowing along the edge of the protected area and the so-called "Borta Boierului" wherethe river starts its course.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore4. Lakusic, R., Bjelcic, Z., Silic, C., Kutlesa, Lj.,Misic, Lj., Grgic, P. 1969: Planinska vegetacija Maglica, Volujaka i Zelengore.5. Izvodi iz novina Pobjeda,19.01.1999., Pobjeda03.09.2000, Pobjeda, 22.12.2002.,Pobjeda, 03.02.2003.,  Dan ,02.02.2003

QUALITY:
The beech forests around the Trnovacko lake is representative. The spruce and black pine forests are important for this massif. This  site is bordering with National park Sutjeska which is situated in Republika Srpska.

DESIGNATION:
The massif Maglic, Bioc and Volujak is proposed to be an protected area (Physical Plan of the Republic 1986, 1997) in the category of Regional Park. Site has values that could conect it with neighbouring site Sutjeska, National Park in BiH.


DOCUMENTATION:
Vukic PULEVIc: Gradja za vaskularnu floru Crne Gore - Dopuna "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae" J. Rohlenae, Republicki zavod za zastitu prirode Crne Gore, posebno izdanje, Podgorica, 2005ROHLENA J. 1942. Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. - Preslia (Praha) 20-21:1-506.

QUALITY:
Area of the Mala Rijeka Canyon is located in the rocky - carstic zone located North - North-East from Podgorica. Site is an atractive Canyon of river named Mala rijeka, which is tributary of Moraca river. At the site are presented relic and endemic species, mostly Balkan and Dalmatian endemic and relic species, such as: Quercus ilex (well preserved association), Ramondia serbica, Hiacintella dalmatica, Petteria rhamentacia.

DESIGNATION:
Area of Canyon of Mala Rijeka is not protected by national legislature, but it is recognized as an ecologically important area merit to be protected.


SITENAME:
Durmitor mountain with Tara River Canyon

DOCUMENTATION:
1. Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of R Montenegro no. 47/91).2. Physical Plan for Special Purposes of NP Durmitor (Official Gazette of the Republic of Montenegro No. 20/97) (in national language only)3. The Water Book of Montenegro (Base for Management of Waters in Montenegro) adopted by Montenegrin Government in June 2001 and published in May 2001, on 500 pages give crucial information about water potential and organization of water sector in Montenegro4. Symposiums about Durmitor 5. Bulletines of Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Art (CANU): Volumes 1- 106. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 1- 287. Management Programme for National Park Durmitor (2005-2010) - PE National Parks of Montenegro, Podgorica June 20048. Annual (Operational) Management Plan for the years 2005 and 2006 - PE National Parks of Montenegro, Podgorica 2004 - 20059. Stevanovic, V., Lakusic, D. (1991): Floristicke i florogenetske karakteristike visokoplaninske endemicne flore Durmitora.- I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X . , Zabljak. 10. Stevanovic, V., Jovanovic, S., Niketic, M., Lakusic, D. (1991): Kartiranje flore kao osnova za pracenje ugrozenosti i zastitu retkih i endemicnih vrsta Durmitora. - I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X ., Zabljak.11. Bulic, Z. (1991): Istorijat istrazivanja botanickih istrazivanja Durmitora sa bibliografijom. I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X ., Zabljak.12. Bulic, Z. & Niketic, M.(1991): Komparativna analiza flore kanjona Tare i Pive. I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X 1991., Zabljak.13. Niketic, M. (1995): Hieracium blecicii, a new species from Montenegro.- VIII Optima Meeting, Sevilla, Abstracts, 122.14. Lakusic, D., Jovanovic, S. (1996): Fitocenoloska analiza higrofilne vegetacije durmitorskih jezera i potoka.- 5. Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije, Zbornik sazetaka, Drustvo ekologa Srbije, Beograd, 13.15. Lakusic, D. (1996): Geografska diferencijacija kalcifilnih vijuka (Festuca L.) iz grupe Halleri na planinama Balkanskog poluostrva.- 5. Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije, Zbornik sazetaka, Drustvo ekologa Srbije, Beograd, 42.16. Fauna Durmitora. Volumes 1 - 4. Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Art (CANU), Podgorica17. Vasic, V., S. Marinkovic & Vizi, O.: Ptice Durmitora i kanjona Tare. Titograd 1990: CANU: Fauna Durmitora 3, 3(14): 7 70.18. Vasic,  V.,  Marinkovic,  S., Vizi, O. (1990): Ptice Durmitora i kanjona Tare (Aves). CANU, Fauna Durmitora knjiga 3: 9-70, Titograd.19. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad20. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).21. Vuckovic D. 1972. Sumarstvo i lovstvo u Crnoj Gori u drugoj polovini XIX i pocetkom XX vijeka. Istorijski institut u Titogradu. Titograd22.Miric, Dj. 1987. Sisari. (Gradja za faunu sisara Durmitora). Fauna Durmitora. Sveska 2. CANU. Titograd. 225-291.

QUALITY:
The Durmitor massif with Tara river canyon represent the most majestic natural phenomena in Montenegro, the Balkans peninsula and even broader. They have become widely known for the grandiose can-yon of the Tara river which is near Obzir 1300 m deep, therefore the second deepest and longest in the world after the Colorado, as well as for one of the highest peaks in Montenegro - the Bobotov Kuk highest peak at 2,523 m. The natural treasury of this region, due to its authenticity and uniqueness, has been protected at the national (the National Park of Durmitor) and international level (the Tara river was registered as an ecological reserve for the World's biosphere - therefore protected by international convention M&B UNESCO and the National Park of Durmitor together with the canyon of the Tara river was declared one of the world's natural and cultural heritages by UNESCO). The Tara has been recognized as the queen of European rivers, rightfully named the "the jewel of Europe". Durmitor and its wider surrounding is endowed by rare and wild beauties, a very specific hydrography, unique relief features, vertical and horizontal distribution and jaggedness of a great many natural elements, as well as extremely beautiful flora and fauna. It is the only one of the national parks in Montenegro that has received double international recognition and protection. What adds a special value to the Park are the zones under a special regime of management (3), out of which 2 have been afforded a strict regime of protection (the Tara river canyon and the Crna Poda forest reserve). Magnificent canyons of the Tara and Piva rivers and their numerous tributaries, 18 glacial lakes - "mountain eyes", distinct hydrological, geomorphologic, geological and speleological phenomena, the richness of flora and fauna and biodiversity in whole, with an exceptional concentration of such a quantity and quality of numerous endemic, relic, rare, protected and other extremely important species, make the Durmitor massif an extraordinary natural wealth.

DESIGNATION:
NP Durmitor was first declared as National park in 1952. Today, its protection and management are under the law on National Parks (Official Gazette of R Montenegro no. 47/91).NP Durmitor is on UNESCO's World Heritage list, since 1980. Canyon of Tara river is part of the National park. Also, Tara River Basin is included in UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme as an Biosphere reserve since 1977.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. The Water Book of Montenegro (Base for Management of Waters in Montenegro) adopted by Montenegrin Government in June 2001 and published in May 2001, on 500 pages give crucial information about water potential and organization of water sector in Montenegro2. The Biota and Limnology of Lake Skadar. Eds Karaman, G. & Beeton. A., Special publication of the Biological Institute Titograd (Podgorica) & Smithsonian Institute. Washington. (Published in Podgorica 1981)3. Symposium about Skadar Lake ("Simpozijum o Skadarskom jezeru", Titograd 1. XI 1983) Naucni skupovi, Knjiga IX, CANU, Titograd (Podgorica); 4. Symposium: Natural values and protection of Skadar Lake (Prirodne vrijednosti i zastita Skadarskog jezera. Podgorica 8-9 November 1995. Naucni skupovi, Knjiga 44. Podgorica, 1977.4. Bulletines of Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Art (CANU): Volumes 1- 105. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 1- 286. Physical Plan for Special Purposes of the National Park Skadar Lake - Official Gazette of the R Montenegro no. 46/20017. Management Programme for National Park Skadar Lake (2005-2010) - PE national Park Skadar Lake, Podgorica 20048. Annual (Operational) Management Plan for the years 2005 and 2006 - PE national Park Skadar Lake, Podgorica 2004 - 20059. Ivanovic, B., 1973: Ichthyofauna of Skadar lake. Special edition  Institute for biological and medical research, Titograd (Podgorica).10. Maric, D., 1995: Endemic fish species of Montenegro. Biological Conservation 72: 187 - 194.  Elsevir Science Limited, Great Britain.11. Cernjavski, P., Grebescikov, O. & Pavlovic, Z., 1949: O vegetaciji i flori Skadarskog podrucja. Glasnik prirodnjackog muzeja srpske zemqe. Naucna knjiga, Beograd.12. Dhora D., Saveljic, D. (2001): Bibliography of Skadar Lake. Section VII - Ornithology - Birds (52-65). Promotion of networking and exchange visits in the countries of Southeast Europe. Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Southeast Europe. Shkodra & Podgorica 2001.13. Saveljic, D. Rubinic. B, Schneider, J.M., Vizi,O (2004): Breeding of Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus on Skadar Lake. Acrocephalus 25 (122); 111-118.14. Saveljic, D. (2004): STONE-CURLEW Burchinus oedicnemus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)15. Saveljic, D. (2004): BLACK-HEADED GULL Larus ridibundus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)16. Saveljic, D. (2004): GREATER FLAMINGO Phoenicopterus rubber, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121): 101Slovenia)17. Saveljic, D. (2004): ALPINE CHOUGH Pyrrhocorax graculus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)18. Savelji?, D (2006): Breeding of Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus in Montenegro. Acrocephalus, Slovenia in press19. Saveljic, D (2005): DALMATIAN PELICAN Pelecanus crispus, short communications, Acrocephalus 26 (126):160, Slovenia20. Vizi, O. (1981a): Ornithofauna of Lake Skadar. - in Biota and Limnology of Lake Skadar, Karaman, G. and Beeton, A. eds: 391-413, Titograd.21. Vizi, O. (1997): Zastita Skadarskog jezera od zagadjenja. - Prirodne vrijednosti i zastita Skadarskog jezera, Zbornik radova, Naucni skupovi, knjiga 44: 31-38, Podgorica.22. Vizi, O. (1997): Crni zar, nova kolonija mocvarnih ptica na Skadarskom jezeru-Prirodne vrijednosti i zastita Skadarskog jezera, Zbornik radova, Naucni skupovi, knjiga 44: 309- 320, Podgorica.23. Vasic, V., Vizi, O. (2001): Sekularne promene u raznovrsnosti ptica Skadarskog jezera i njihove posledice na prirodne potencijale. - Naucni skup: Prirodni potencijali kontinentalnih voda i mora Crne Gore i njihova zastita, Knjiga rezimea: 122, Zabljak.24. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad25. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
I BiodiversityLake Skadar's biodiversity has developed in a unique physical environment where geology, geomorphology, hydrology and climate provide a wide variety of habitats. Total biodiversity is high (species-area relationship = 0.875) and the region is considered to be a biogenetic reserve of European importance.I. 1. From a zoogeographic perspective, the Skadar Lake region is located in a zone where two major zoogeographic areas meet: the Palaearctic region (Europe, Asia, the Mediterranean and North Africa) and the Palaetropic region (Africa). Their linkage and influences can be seen among bird fauna, with incidences of African species (e.g. African cuckoo, African black heron, flamingo) and winter migratory species of West Siberia (ducks, geese). Annex XVI shows main bird migration corridors involving Lake Skadar. During the last glacial period Lake Skadar represented a refuge for several species occurring at that time. As a result, today some relict and endemic animal and plant species are met in the area. After the ice age, species such as the turtledove, the Dauric swallow, Syrian woodpecker and Spanish sparrow have come to the region as they expanded their distribution area.I. 2. The majority of Skadar Lake invertebrate groups have not been well researched. As invertebrates play an important ecological role, among others as principal food source for many higher level species, the lack of knowledge of these groups prevents a thorough understanding of the lake's ecological functioning.AI. 3. Due to a favourable geographic location in the Mediterranean region and suitable hydrologic and climatic conditions, Skadar Lake is very rich in amphibians and reptiles. These include endemic and endangered species. Taxons belong to various bio-geographical entities. For some species, Skadar Lake is the border area of their distribution area, or a zone where different subspecies overlap.The lake, with its wide zone of water vegetation, floodplains, humid forests as well as many streams, is an ideal habitat for the majority of the amphibians: the Ranidae (frogs), in particular the Skadar green frog (Rana shqiperica). The population of green frogs is an important link in the lake's food chain; on the one hand insects are their main food, on the other hand they are the main food for some reptiles (e.g. water snakes) and birds (heron and some ducks). Some amphibians and reptiles are also of direct benefit for humans. The frog Rana ridibunda is used for consumption and is an export product. The poison of the vipers (Viperidae) is extracted for serums. The herpetofauna keeps numbers down of insects and rodents.The amphibian and reptile fauna of Skadar Lake comprises a large number of protected species, including many endemics: -Palaearctic, widely spread species such as the common viper (Vipera berus);-Central European varieties, including: slow-worm (Anguis fragilis), ordinary Aesculapius snake (Soluber longissimus), Coronella austriaca, grass snake (Natrix natrix), dice water snake (Natrix tesselata), grey lizard (Lacerta agilis), wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), and green lizard (Lacerta viridis);-Mediterranean endemic species: marsh turtle (Emys orbicularis), land turtle (Testudo hermani), Hemydactylus turcicus, karst lizard (Lacerta melisellensis), coastal lizard (Lacerta sicula), dark lizard (Algyroides nigropuncatus), lizard fish (Ophisaurus apodus), Zemenis dahlii, coastal Aesculapius' snake (Zamenis gemmonensis), coloured Aesculapius' snake (Elaphe situla), striped Aesculapius' snake (Coluber quatrolineatus), dark Aesculapius' snake (Coelopeltis monspessulanus), Tarbophis fallax, viper (Vipera ammodytes);-Yugoslav endemic species: sharp-headed lizard (Lacerta oxycephala).I. 4. Skadar Lake attracts birds, flying long migratory routes, but also provides good nesting and colonisation conditions. The avifauna shows a large number of species: some 271 belonging to 18 taxonomic orders. 90% of the bird species are regionally and intercontinentally mobile, linking the region to neighbouring countries, Asia and Africa. 73 species of migratory nesting birds inhabit the lake in spring and summer, leaving in autumn. About 18 species fly over the area of the lake during autumn and spring, and 45 species are regular winter guests. 12 species spend summers on the lake, while their populations nest in the north. In addition, there are some 90 species that visit the lake irregularly, including those that fly over or visit the lake during the winter or summer season. Among the nesting birds of Skadar Lake, there are species that have been forced out of almost all their original nesting sites in Europe, but are not endangered or rare in the lake area. An example is a small cormorant called 'fendak' in Montenegro (Phalacrocorax pygmeaus), which is regularly observed on the lake.The number of waterfowl on the Montenegrin side is determined by winter (January) counts since 1990 (International Waterfowl Census or IWC). Between 1990 and 1999 numbers varied between 150,000 and 250,000, but since 1999 numbers have dropped strongly to 35,000 this year (January 2005). There were no counts in 2001, 2002 and 2003 (source: Darko Saveljic). In 1999 more than 150,000 Fulica atra (see Figure ?3.23), 15,000 Anas platyrhynchos and 40,000 Aythya ferina were counted during the course of one year. About 250,000 birds stayed that winter at the lake. The Albanian part of the lake is also highly valued for the large numbers of birds, but exact counts are missing. Due to large numbers of birds and based on the Group Three criteria, Skadar Lake is listed as an internationally important wetland and waterfowl habitat (Ramsar site).Endangered bird species that can be found in Lake Skadar:-Pelecanus crispus, Ardeola ralloides, Aythya nyoca, Ardea purpurea, Crex crex, Chlidonios hibridus, Botaurus stellarisI. 5. The mammals related to Lake Skadar are not well researched. The total number of species found is 50 (belonging to 6 orders). Only a few mammals are strongly linked to the water habitat, like the otter (Lutra lutra). Bats are especially abundant around the lake if compared to the other mammals. The other mammals live mainly in the forested areas, predominantly located on the southwestern shore of the lake.I. 6. In shallow lakes growing conditions for littoral flora, composed of aquatic macrophytes and periphyton algae, are better than for phytoplankton. Measurements of primary production in Skadar Lake indicate that photosynthetic intensity is not determined by the quantity of phytoplankton: marked changes in the quantity and composition of the plankton community did not have significant effects on the intensity of photosynthesis.In Skadar Lake about 64 genera with 310 species and infraspecific taxa of phytoplankton are met. The phytoplankton population is mainly composed of Diatomeae. The majority of the species found are cosmopolitan and alkalophilic. Among the diatoms of the lake, the most common species are Cyclotella ocellata and Aulacoseira ambigua (Rakaj, 2005).The observed phytoplankton composition is a good indicator of the lake's oligotrophic conditions and is one of the parameters that must be examined through a monitoring programme. Oligotrophic conditions prevail in the lake due to the low level of nutrients caused by the limestone geological base. However, the low level of nutrients of the lake is to a large extent compensated by a morphometric factor: because of its shallow depth, the trophogenic layer reaches all the way to the bottom. Thus, the entire supply of nutrients is accessible and used. In addition, favourable temperature and light conditions during the year increase the level of production in the lake to a higher level than normally observed in other oligotrophic lakes in a moderate climate zone.Due to the abundance of macrophyte vegetation in the lake, especially in its northern and northwestern parts, a disproportion between the primary production by this vegetation and the primary production by planktonic algae occurs. This is due to the fact that shoreline plants use disproportionately high quantities of nutrient salts from the water, thus creating an oligotrophic environment for the plankton. This factor, among others, influences the community of planktonic algae and encourages the dominance of Diatomeae characterisitc of oligotrophic waters. Silicate algae, as a dominant algae group in Skadar Lake, are also important as bio-indicators. They are very sensitive to environmental changes and are capable of rapidly responding to these changes. Beta-mesosaprobic organisms and high level saprobic forms (beta-alfa, alfa-beta, alfa) prevail over the low level saprobic forms.I. 7. Lake Skadar is a typical shallow temperate lake with water originating from rivers and karstic springs. These favour the development of a rich aquatic flora with great variety in communities. The total number of aquatic macrophytes for the whole area of Lake Skadar is 164 species belonging to 66 genera and 43 families (Stesevic et al., 2004). The composition of the aquatic vegetation indicates that Lake Skadar could have developed from a bay of the Adriatic Sea into the freshwater lake ecosystem of today. A large share of flora exhibits phylogenetic and ecological links with seaside flora elements. At the same time endemic forms are rarely observed.The number of vascular plant families known in the region of Skadar Lake is 726. Macrophytic vegetation is well developed, covering some 34 km2 (Ristic J., and Vizi, O., 1981), mainly on the northern shore of the lake. These plant communities are expanding, in particular in and near both deltas of the Moraca River and the area of Podhumski Bay (Vizi, O., 1997). At the lake's northern shore, in the area from Thin Cape to Podhumski Bay, dominant plant communities include the Scirpus - Phragmites community (Phragmites communis, Scirpus lacuster, Typha angustipholica) and the Myriphillum verticillati - Nuphar community (W. Kosh), where especially Nuphar, Ceratophyllum, Trapa and Potamogeton species are represented. The Scirpus - Phragmites community stands out for its high biomass production.The high biomass production of the macrophytes on the northern shore of the lake has various functions. The seasonally flooded fields, which dry out during the summer, are used for cattle grazing. In particular the reeds can be used in construction, interior decoration and handycrafts. The marsh vegetation provides a shelter for many animal species, the most important ones being nesting birds (reed, water lilies). The bird colony in Crni Zar is an example, where a large surface area of water is covered with reeds and floating vegetation. The floodplains are used by various fish species as spawning and nursery grounds.The western lake shore consists of rocks and hills with only poor submersed vegetation. Along the eastern and southern lake shore extended reed beds (Phragmites) have developed. Macrophytes play an important role in the chemistry of the lake (Beeton & Sikes, 1978). From october to june the chemistry of the lake resembles that of the Moraca River. After the aquatic macrophytes have become well established in late spring, the chemical characteristics of the lake waters differ from those of the river water. Usually, values for specific conductance and alkalinity are lower in the lake than in the river. Reed beds and other macrophytes have purification capacities through nutrient retention, nutrient transformation (nitrogen, phosphor) and binding of pollutants. The water quality of the Moraca River improves by passing through the macrophyte vegetation of the wetland before it enters the lake. The lake's large flood zones ('helophyte filters') and the many springs emerging from the lake bed prevent any eutrophication tendency and preserve the high biodiversity of the lake.Thirteen aquatic plant communities of submerged and floating species and helophyte species are known on the Montenegrin side of the lake: More than 1,500 plant species are known for the whole watershed. Some of them are of economical interest.I. 9 Stands of willow (Salicetum albae) are the most abundant forests around the lake, growing either as rows of trees around the flooding fields tended by the local population, as small forests or as randomly scattered trees, mainly on the northern shore and in the flooding area. Skadar's oak (Quercus robur ssp. Scutariensis) forests, which were widespread in the past, have become substantially degraded. Today, these forests can only be found as small stands around the village of Gostilj in Zeta, in the fields of Crmnica and in communities with Fraxinus oxicarpa and Periploca greca. Among the forest communities that currently exist or were registered earlier, the most significant ones are stands of domestic chestnut and oak (Querceto castanetum montenegrinum), oak and European Turkey oak (Quercetum confertae ceris), as well as hornbeam (Carpinetum orientalis) with several sub-communities. Only degraded stands remained from the once well devloped forests of the region. They are usually described as "pseudo-macquis".The flooding willow forests that dominate the area today, most often as scattered formations, are used by the local population for the production of fuel wood, for construction and for woven handicraft products. For the local population in Krajina, chestnut forests around Ostros and the fruits collected from them are economically important, as there is a demand for chestnuts on the local markets such as in Bar and Podgorica. From an ecological perspective, the significance of these forests as habitats for other plant and animal species - most frequently birds - is unquestionable. For example, grey heron most often nest in the area of "Manastirska tapija," or monastery willow forests.II Water QualityThe environment in the Lake Shkoder basin is increasingly influenced by the various pollutant sources. The pollution of lake water and its surroundings is a combined result of a growing population, poorly managed wastes of the KAP and Niksic Steelworks in-dustries, municipal wastes from cities like Podgorica, Niksic, Cetinje and Shkodra, and various other human interventions in the basin.Factors that affect water quality of a lake and its basin can be classified as natural and human made. Human intervention is the most important factor influencing water quality, and it must be controlled.Various studies and reports on Skadar basin suggest that during the past decades the basin has experienced significant pollution of its water bodies and the surrounding area, causing losses in aquatic biodiversity; a threat to fisheries, public health and tourism. Most important are industrial pollution and untreated wastewater discharges from the cities and towns. The Moraca River, the main tributary of the lake, brings most pollutants into the lake.

DESIGNATION:
1. Skadar lake is establishe as an National Park since 1983 (Law on National Park Skadar Lake - Official Gazette of SR Montenegro no. 33/83)2. Area of the National parks has been included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar list), in the frame of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especialy as Waterfowl Habitat *Ramsar Conventiona)  since 15 December 1995.3. Two officialy proclamed special (ornithological) reserves are located in the area of Skadar Lake, as follows: (i) Manastirska tapija (53,1ha) and (ii) Panceva oka (312,5ha)

OTHERCHARACT:
Skadar Lake is an open lake. Its water is exchanging 2 - 3 times per year.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) at the stage of Proposal in the procedure of adoption in Republican Parliament. Text version is available only on local language and can be founded in the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning and Public Enterprise for coastal zone managament.  Also there are several basic studies that are the supporting materials for the Plan such as Natural characteristics and Environmental protection of the coastal zone.2. Master Plan (MP) for Tourism Development in Montenegro prepared by DEG and adopted by Montenegrin Government in 2000. According to the MP, Regional Concept for Ulcinj Velika plaza were developed in 2003. RC for Ulcinj Velika plaza included the protection of the mouth of river Bojana and area in the hinterland of Ulcinj's Beach Velika Plaza. Environmental Impact Assesment study was carried out for this area. 3. Puzovic, S., Vasic, V. & Ham, I.: Progradacioni procesi u ornitofauni Ulcinjskih solana, Naucni skup "Istrazivanje i zastita Jadranskog mora", CANU, Univerzitet Crne Gore i Institut za biologiju mora, Kotor: 19954. Saveljic, D. (2002): Changes in population size of some shorebirds breeding at Ulcinj salt-pans in Montenegro (Acrocephalus 23 (110-111):39-42, 2002)Saveljic, D.Rubinic, B (2005): The presence of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus Ulcinj salt-pans, Montenegro (Acrocephalus 26 (124): 291-294, 2005)5. Stumberger,B., Schneider-Jacoby,M., Schwarz,U., Sackl,P.,Dhora,D., Saveljic,D (2005): Ornithological value of the Bojana/Buna Delta. Universiteti i Shodres "Luigj Gurakuqi":Bul.Shk., Ser.Shk.Nat., 55:136-158 6. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Saveljic,D (2006): Late breeding of Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola in Solana Ulcinj (Montenegro). Ciconia, in press7. Saveljic, D. (2004): STONE-CURLEW Burchinus oedicnemus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)8. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad9. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).10. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Dhora, D., Sackl, P., Savelic, D., Schwarz, U. & Stumberger (in prepar.): Rapid assessment of the ecological value of the Bojana-Buna Delta (Albania/Montenegro). Euronatur, Radolfzell11. Paunovic, M., Stamenkovic, S. 1998. A revision of the distribution and status of Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866 (Rhinolophidae) in Yugoslavia, based on the discrimination properties of distinctive morphological characters. Myotis. Band. 36. S.7-23. Bonn.

QUALITY:
Beach Velika Ulcinjska is located between Port Milena at the west, and river Bojana at the east. While length of the beach is 12 kilometres, its width is varying from 200 m (near to Port Milena) up to 1 kilometre (eastern part called Špatula). The site is well known by high biodiversity, and presence of rare, endangered and protected species such as Sand Lily (Pancratium maritimum) protected  plant species. While key biodiversity located in eastern part of the beach, its western part is under increasing human impacts. Also, these impacts affected ecologically important sand dunes  with halophyte vegetation adapted to salted habitats. Beaches of Velika Ulcinjska and Ada Bojana are last compact shelters for this type of vegetation in Montenegro. In the hinterland near to the beach are natural mixed forests composed by White Poplar, Ash and very rare, scarce and protected Skadar oak (Quercus robur scutariensis). Birds are important component of the biodiversity of the site, as well ad herpetofauna (in ponds, swamps and marshes in the hinterland), insects (also in hinterland) etc.In the area of salt pans there has been recorded the presence of several types of vegetation whose distribution mainly depends on the salinity degree of the ground. The community of holofita are the specific feature of the floral world of this area, and in addition to them also present are: meadow and ruderal vegetation, the cane zone (Phragmites comunis), vegetation of sledge (Juncus, Carex) on the slity ground with numerous trees of Tamarix africana.Grounds with large quantity of salt are unfavourable for plant life, and thus they are inhabited only with the species who are specifically adapted to cruel living conditions at these habitats. Such plants, known as halofite, form floristically poor, but very interesting plant covering. Typical or real holofita or euhalofite can be found on the habitats with big salinity degree and significant moistness. In the salt pans they inhabit shallow water of the pool and the narrow shore line and are represented by the species Salicornia herbacea - the most numerous and the dominant one, Suaeda maritime, Limonium angustifolium, Atriplex portulacoides, Atriplex prostrate, Salsola soda. Most occurring constituent specimens of this community are located within the region of Jezero I, as well as on embankment that separates Jezero I from Jezero II. The presence of Beta vulgaris ssp.maritime taxon was noted on the embankment. In Montenegro, this sub-species was noted in 1913 by Adamovic, and since than it has been the first finding of it in the Republic. Constituent specimens being less present High salinity in crystallization pools causes only individual specimens of halophytes, which do not compose communities, to exist there. Going away from the water, the concentration of salinity in stratum decreases, which is reflected also in the variety of plant communities that are slightly more diverse in this zone and that accommodate the elements of ruddle vegetation in addition to typical halophytes. Component species of such communities are Spergularia salina, Plantago coronopus and Coronopus squamatus (Forsskal) Asch. Regardless the communities of halophytes on land around the Salty-Works poor in plants, they are very important because such a type of vegetation in Montenegro exists only within one area more (land around abandoned Salty-Works in Tivatsko Polje and it exists only in fragments within few other localities. We believe the halophyte vegetation near Jezero I, as well as on the embankment between Jezero I and Jezero II should be preserved from any interventions intended for the rehabilitation of Salty-Works. The communities of meadow flora exist in deeper layers of the ground with less salinity. The following species dominate the meadow on the raised land along the channel leading to Jezero I: Avena barbata, Dactylis glomerata, Phragmites comunis, Carex sp., and during the autumn Limonium angustifolium is also present. The species form the family of orchids , such as: Orchis laxiflora, Serapias vomeracea and S. cordigera appear primarily during the spring period (March - May) on the meadow developed as a small triangle of the land around Salty-Works. The finding concerning the Ophrys bertollonii species of bee-plants family is particularly interesting and important, which species is protected in Montenegro. This species was found on the embankment next to the meadow. Also species of Juncus acutus and Rubus idaeus can be found on this meadow, as important component specimens. We believe this area should not be subjected to any interventions regarding the rehabilitation of Salty-Works, because the plants from the Orcidaceae family are protected in most countries of Europe, and there are some suggestions to protect them also in the territory of Montenegro.The pools of Salty-Works are often occupied by reed (Phragmites comunis), which is present in salty and brackish waters forming uniform constituents specimens. This species is present as an accompanying element in the vegetation of wet meadows as well. In muddy coastal area, the species of Juncus acutus, J. maritimus  and Tamarix Africana can also frequently be found. Ruddle plants  belong to the wide spread type of vegetation inhabiting areas exposed to the intensive human influence. They can be found in the areas of permanent or temporary settlements of people and domestic animals, around roads, railroads, embankments … On the land around Salty-Work, ruddle vegetation is present along the whole road, on embankments along the railroad, and the elements of this flora are mixed with halophytes vegetation and on the embankments separating individual basins. Note: Text given above is taken from the Report on the project "Rapid assessment of the ecological value of the Bojana-Buna Delta (Albania/Montenegro)", Euronatur, Radolfzell (Authors: Schneider-Jacoby, M., Dhora, D., Sackl, P., Savelic, D., Schwarz, U. & Stumberger)

DESIGNATION:
Velika Plaza has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature), since when this site is protected.Solana is recognized as potential IBA site, possible national designation (Natural  Monument) and Ramsar site


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) at the stage of Proposal in the procedure of adoption in Republican Parliament. Text version is available only on local language and can be founded in the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning and Public Enterprise for coastal zone managament.  Also there are several basic studies that are the supporting materials for the Plan such as Natural characteristics and Environmental protection of the coastal zone.2. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad3. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Beach Buljarica with its hinterland is an interesting ecological complexity with less significant environmental changes than it is with other beaches and their hinterlands along Montenegrin coastal zone. South-eastern part of the beach is not occupied by tourism facilities, and there are endangered halophytes such as Eryngium maritimum L. as well as other species in the associations Ammophilion and Cakilion litoralis. Typical habitats of the site are (i) gravel and sand - gravel dune with sparse halophyte vegetation, (ii) quite large marshland zone with dominant Phragmitetiom communis and (iii) natural and semi natural habitats in remote hinterland with remarkable trees of Alnus glutinosa as well as Quercus pubescens, macquis and accidental location of Erica spread over a flitch base on hill Rabik. There is an old record of a rare plant Polygonum salicifolium for this site, but its recent verification is missing. Marshland and neighbouring rocky habitats are providing safe living space for many animal species, particularly birds  insects, bats herpetophauna etc.

DESIGNATION:
Buljarica has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature), since when this site is protected.Site values that could rank it as potential IBA and Ramsar site.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Bulic Z. 1994: Flora i vegetacija kanjona rijeke Cijevne u Crnoj Gori. (Magistarski rad - rukopis, Beograd).2. Cernjavski, P., Grebenscikov, O. & Pavlovic, Z. 1949: O flori i vegetaciji Skadarskog podrucja.  -Glasn. Prir. Muz. Srpske Zemlje, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 1-2: 4-91. Beograd.3. Hadziablahovic, S. & Bulic, Z. 1994/95 (2004b): On distribution of some Balkan endemic and rare species in the Flora of Montenegro - Glas. Rep. Zavoda Zašt. Prir. (Podgorica) 27-28: 43-50.4. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.5. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad6. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Field Cemovsko polje is most representative site for the association of Satureja montana in both, Montenegro and Ex-Yugoslavia. Vegetation of this mediterranean stepe is adapted to the extreme droughts in summer season.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Law on National Parks (Zakon o nacionalnim parkovima ("Sl. list RCG", br. 47/91)) 2. Physical Plan of Special Purposes for National Park "Biogradska Gora" (PROSTORNI PLAN PODRUCJA POSEBNE NAMJENE ZA NACIONALNI PARK "BIOGRADSKA GORA" ("Sl. list RCG", br. 44/98)3. Vizi  O. (1991b): Ornitološke odlike Biogradske gore i mogu?nosti osnivanja ornitološke osmatra?ke stanice. - CANU, Nau?ni skup: Prirodne i društvene vrijednosti nacionalnog  parka "Biogradska gora", Kolašin 27-29 septembar 1990:  Knjiga 23: 327-337, Titograd.4. Vrezec, A. & Saveljic, D. 2005. Breeding density of Tawny Owl Strix aluco territories in montane forests of Mountain Bjelasica (Montenegro). Ciconia 14: 41-475. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad6. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).7. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia

QUALITY:
Virgin forest Biogradska gora is located within the site. Site is well preserved and representing safe sanctuary for many plant species, including Pinus peuce distributed in the zone of Pesica lake that is its last west point of distribution.

DESIGNATION:
By National legislature (Law on National parks - Official Gazette of SRM no 47 / 1991) site is protected as National park Biogradska gora. Protection of the site established in the era of King Nikola I of Montenegro. Ecological values of the site are providing possibility for its inclusion in UNESCO World heritage List. Also, site is part of Tara River Basin Biosfere Reserve (UNESCO, MaB 1980).


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Bulic Z. 1994: Flora i vegetacija kanjona rijeke Cijevne u Crnoj Gori. (Magistarski rad - rukopis, Beograd).2. Hadziablahovic S. 1994/95 (2004c): Staehelina uniflosculosa Sibth. & Sm. - the new Balkan endemic species in the flora of Montenegro. - Glas. Rep. Zavoda Zast. Prir. (Podgorica) 27-28: 71-75.3. Hadziablahovic, S. & Bulic, Z. 1994/95 (2004b): On distribution of some Balkan endemic and rare species in the Flora of Montenegro - Glas. Rep. Zavoda Zast. Prir. (Podgorica) 27-28: 43-50.4. Pulevic V. 1971. Hyacinthella dalmatica (Baker) Hayek u flori Crne Gore. - Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir. - Prirod. Muz. (Titograd) 4:73-76.5. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., 6. Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad7. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Site is of maditerranean character, even positioned in inland part of the country. At the site are presented relic / endemic species, such as Quercus ilex, Ramondia serbica, Hiacintella dalmatica etc, so this remarcable canyon is considered as an refugijal habitat.

DESIGNATION:
The site is proposed by the Physiscal Plan of the Republic (1986, 1997) to be protected as an Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature).


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.2. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad3. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Site is of refugial character with well preserved natural habitats, including hard water sprins. Among others species, at the site are presented important species such as Taxus baccata, Ilex aquifolium, Peteria rhamentacea etc.

DESIGNATION:
The site is recognized to be protected by national legislature as an Natural Monument, but enforcement is missing.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan of Special Purposes for NP Lovcen (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za NP Lovcen) - Official Gazette of RCG no. 19/19972. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.3. Stevanovic, V., Jovanovic, S., Lakusic, D., Niketic, M. (1995): Diverzitet vaskularne flore Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja. In: 4. Stevanovic, V. & Vasic, V., Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije. Biol. fak. Univ. u Beog.5. Tomic-Stankovic, K. 1970: Flora Lovcena. (Flora des Lovcen-Gebirges II). Zbor. Fil. Fak. Pristina, 7: 1-39.6. Tomic-Stankovic, K. 1972: Flora Lovcena. (Flora des Lovcen-Gebirges II). Zbor. Fil. Fak. Pristina, 8: 1-50.7. Tomic-Stankovic, K. 1970: Vegetacija Lovcena u Crnoj Gori. (Vegetation des Lovcen-Gebirges in Montenegro). Zj. Nauc. Ust. Kosova - Stud. (Pristina) 17: 1-93, 1970.8. Vizi, O. (1994): Ornitoloske odlike sireg prostora Lovcena. - Nacionalni park "Lovcen"- prirodna i kulturna dobra, CANU, Naucni skupovi, knj. 34: 149-158,  Podgorica.9. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad10. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).11. Paunovic, M., Stamenkovic, S. 1998. A revision of the distribution and status of Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866 (Rhinolophidae) in Yugoslavia, based on the discrimination properties of distinctive morphological characters. Myotis. Band. 36. S.7-23. Bonn.

QUALITY:
The site has following valuable habitat types: a) total forest cover on 6.004hectares but high forests on 1.227hectares, protected forests on 110hectares and short degrading forests and scrub-shrubs are on 2.692hectares, b) opens slopes on 1210hectares, c) pastures on 495hectares and d) water bodies (2 lakes). Arable land lies only on 157hectares.The beach forests (Fagetum montenegrinum subalpinum Hor. 1983.) on karstic  substrate dominates but in various degradation stages. Most importan is Pinus heldreichii that is regenerating qiuet well.Vegetation of the area is divers and presented by following associations: 1.Rusco-Carpinetum orientalis Blecic & Lakusic on lower altitudes up to 800m above the sea (Njegusi near to Vrba, upper parts of Polja and Kopita, near to Pobori on south side and near to villages Erakovici and Raicevici); 2. Paliuretum adriaticum (on western side of the area and near to Cavor); 3. Stipo-Salvietum officianalis Hic with dominate sage on fallows and edges of oak / hornbeam forests; 4. Seslerio-Ostryetum Ht. et. Hic. in the peripheral zone of the national park above village Ugnji up to altitudes of 1000m; 5. Genisto-Globilarietum belidifoliae appears pastures on altitudes between 1.000 and 1.500m above the sea, near to Ivanova korita and Majstori. 6. Fagetum - montenegrinum - seslerietosum occurs large area of the national park on the altitudes between 1000 and 1500 m above the sea; 7. Fagetum montenegrinum - Viburnetosum presented on smaller areas in the zone higher than 1500m above the sea (villages Lucica grm and Gomile). 8. Fagetum - montenegrinum - abietetosum on altitudes between 1.100 and 1.300m above the sea (near village Batriceva glava, Mainski vrh and Osja lokva); 9. Seslerietum argentae on higher altitudes > 1.300 m above the sea, near to Dolovi, Kuk, Jezerski vrh, Stirovnik; 10. Pinetum heldreichii located only on N-E side of Stirovnik and near to Jezerski vrh; 11. Seminatural Pinus nigra - near to Njegusi, Ivanova korita, Presjek and Jezerski vrh. Fauna is rich and divers. Endemic species dominate in the group of gastropods (34 species) and reptiles that emphasize ecological importance of the area.

DESIGNATION:
Site is protected as National park since 1952 that is reconfirmed by Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of RCG no. 47/1991)


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) 2. Jankovic M.M. & Stevanovic V.(1983): Prilog poznavanju slatinske vegetacije Boke Kotorske. Zbornik Roberta Visianija Sibencanina. Povremena izdanja Muzeja grada Sibenika, sv. 10: 377-397, Sibenik.3. Pulevic V. (1976): Neke  nove i rijetke  biljke  u flori  Crne  Gore. Republ.  Zav.  Zast.  Prir.  -  Prir.  Muz.,  9: 99 - 102, Titograd.4. Saveljic, D & Rubinic,B (2005):Migrating and wintering waterbirds of Tivat salinas in Montenegro: contribution to the need for site protection. Ciconia 13: 94-97. Novi Sad5. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad6. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).7. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia

QUALITY:
Area of Tivat Saltworks (Salina) is located in the salt-marsh zone of the sea shore of Tivat bay. This area is bordered by rivers Odoljenštica and Koložunj, including a flooded area named Jankova Voda in Grbalj. At the place of sometime active Saltworks, today are presented as follows: salted - halophyte vegetation (associations Salicornietea i Limonietela), vegetation of the sea sedge (Juncetalia maritime) and vegetation of brackish marshes (Phragmitetalia with Scirpetum maritime). Because these complex types of natural vegetation at mud-clay substrate are extinct in Igalo (Herceg Novi) and Topolica (Bar), it is necessary to protect Tivat Saltworks as a compact and safe site for halophyte vegetation. Its protection should be applied in all plans for future intervention at the site and its vicinity. Also, vegetation of macquis, garrigue and other coastal shrub / wood forms at the rocky terrains should be part of such a protection. On the other side, shallow salted water of the Salina is rich by fish and benthos organisms that are attracting waterfowl birds. These birds are particular feature of the site. Because of the occurrence of pigmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) and greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber), this site is fulfilling national and international requirements for protection. This site is also important as a shelter for both, migrating and wintering birds.

DESIGNATION:
Area of Tivat Saltworks is not protected by national legislature, yet. However, in the Physical Plan for Special Purposes for Maritime Public Domain this area is proposed for the protection by national legislature with a category equivalent to the IUCN management category V: "Protected Landscape/Seascape - Protected area managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and recreation ". Beside protection itself, zoning of the site should be applied as well as defining of the area(s) for strict protection - reserve(s).


SITENAME:
Sasko jezero, rijeka Bojana, Knete, Ada Bojana

DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) at the stage of Proposal in the procedure of adoption in Republican Parliament. Text version is available only on local language and can be founded in the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning and Public Enterprise for coastal zone managament.  Also there are several basic studies that are the supporting materials for the Plan such as Natural characteristics and Environmental protection of the coastal zone.2. Master Plan (MP) for Tourism Development in Montenegro prepared by DEG and adopted by Montenegrin Government in 2000. According to the MP, Regional Concept for Ulcinj Velika plaza were developed in 2003. RC for Ulcinj Velika plaza included the protection of the mouth of river Bojana and area in the hinterland of Ulcinj's Beach Velika Plaza. Environmental Impact Assesment study was carried out for this area. 3. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 4. Stevanovic, V., Jovanovic, S., Lakusic, D., Niketic, M. (1995): Diverzitet vaskularne flore Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja. In: Stevanovic, V. & Vasic, V., Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije. Biol. fak. Univ. u Beog.5. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Dhora, D., Sackl, P., Savelic, D., Schwarz, U. & Stumberger (in prepar.): Rapid assessment of the ecological value of the Bojana-Buna Delta (Albania/Montenegro). Euronatur, Radolfzell6. Puzovic, S., Vasic, V. & Ham, I.: Progradacioni procesi u ornitofauni Ulcinjskih solana, Naucni skup "Istrazivanje i zastita Jadranskog mora", CANU, Univerzitet Crne Gore i Institut za biologiju mora, Kotor: 19957. Saveljic, D. (2002): Changes in population size of some shorebirds breeding at Ulcinj salt-pans in Montenegro (Acrocephalus 23 (110-111):39-42, 2002)Saveljic, D.Rubinic, B (2005): The presence of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus Ulcinj salt-pans, Montenegro (Acrocephalus 26 (124): 291-294, 2005)8. Stumberger,B., Schneider-Jacoby,M., Schwarz,U., Sackl,P.,Dhora,D., Saveljic,D (2005): Ornithological value of the Bojana/Buna Delta. Universiteti i Shodres "Luigj Gurakuqi":Bul.Shk., Ser.Shk.Nat., 55:136-158 9. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Saveljic,D (2006): Late breeding of Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola in Solana Ulcinj (Montenegro). Ciconia, in press10. Saveljic, D. (2004): STONE-CURLEW Burchinus oedicnemus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)11. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad12. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Beside the tourist facilities and the recent impact along the Bojana River, the Ada Island is a natural area, unique in the Mediterranean. The island is characterised by a natural mosaic of habitats formed by the dynamic growing Delta of the Bojana River. This process is still going on and needs careful monitoring.The virgin alluvial forest represents also a unique value. Huge trees grow on the island which has not been impacted over more then fifties years.

DESIGNATION:
The Ada Island is not protected so far, but falls under the jurisdiction of the Coastal Zone management Agency (Maritime Public Domain). Ada is the only strict controlled area with a hunting ban (Hunting organisation Ulcinj). The site is proposed to be protected area in category of Monument of Nature.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad3. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).4. Ranius, T., Aguado, L. O., Antonsson, K., Audisio, P., Ballerio, A., Carpaneto, G. M., Chobot, K., Gjurašin, B., Hanssen, O., Huijbregts, H., Lakatos, F., Martin, O., Neculiseanu, Z., Nikitsky, N. B., Paill, W., Pirnat, A., Rizun, V., Ruic|nescu, A., Stegner, J., Süda, I., Szwa"ko, P., Tamutis, V., Telnov, D., Tsinkevich, V., Versteirt, V., Vignon, V., Vögeli, M. & Zach, P., 2005. Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) in Europe. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 28.1: 1-44.

QUALITY:
Rumija is most representative site among coastal mountains that has high plant diversity as well as total biological diversity. However, endemic species are of great importance, in particular Galium baldacii and Edraianthus wettstainii. Vegetation of the mediterranean evergreen forests is very well developed at southern slopes of the mountain.

DESIGNATION:
The site is proposed to be an protected area (Physical Plan of the Republic 1986, 1997) in the category of Regional Park. Site has values that could conect it with neighbouring sites (Skadar Lake, Sasko Lake, Saltworks Ulcinj etc) into larger Biosphere Reserve.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. First records about the Cave are from 1987 (Hydro-geological investigations of Pester plateau) and 1988 (Speleological investigations of the Cave).In 1996 there was a Speleological expedition organized for additional investigations of the cave that resulted with few maps of Caves profile.

QUALITY:
The Cave is located in the part of Bistrica river Canyon named Djalovica Ravine, north-east from town Bijelo Polje. Until now, around 14 kilometers of the channels in the cave are investigated by speleologists.  Quality and value of the cave phenomena are very good.Numerous stalactites, stalagmites, helectites, saliva formes, water channels, lakes, ponds and other cave's phenomena are presented in the site.

DESIGNATION:
Djalovica Ravine (1.600 hectares) is a protected as Natural Monument that includes this Cave.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore4. Lakusic R., 1968. Planinska vegetacija jugoistocnih Dinarida. Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir.-Prir. Zbirke, 1: 9-75; Titograd5. Ranius, T., Aguado, L. O., Antonsson, K., Audisio, P., Ballerio, A., Carpaneto, G. M., Chobot, K., Gjurašin, B., Hanssen, O., Huijbregts, H., Lakatos, F., Martin, O., Neculiseanu, Z., Nikitsky, N. B., Paill, W., Pirnat, A., Rizun, V., Ruic|nescu, A., Stegner, J., Süda, I., Szwa"ko, P., Tamutis, V., Telnov, D., Tsinkevich, V., Versteirt, V., Vignon, V., Vögeli, M. & Zach, P., 2005. Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) in Europe. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 28.1: 1-44.6. Paunovic, M., Milenkovic, M., Ivanovic C. 2001. The lynx populations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Balkan Lynx Population History, Recent Knowledge on its Status and Conservation Needs. KORA Bericht Nr. 7 e.Muri. 12-18.

QUALITY:
Prokletije and its wider surrounding is endowed by rare and wild beauties, a very specific hydrography, unique relief features, vertical and horizontal distribution and jaggedness of a great many natural elements, as well as extremely beautiful flora and fauna. The massif of Prokletije has distinct hydrological, geomorphologic, geological and speleological phenomena, the richness of flora and fauna and biodiversity in whole, with an exceptional concentration of such a quantity and quality of numerous endemic, relic, rare, protected and other extremely important species. Site is representing for many plant species, including forests of Pinus peuce.

DESIGNATION:
This area is suggested for National Park.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Adittional to vascular plants of Montenegro3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1969: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 94. Lakusic, R. 1980. Twenty five new species in flora of Montenefro. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 13: 15-21.

QUALITY:
Habitat type of Montenegrine grey alder on this site, with same habitat type in Tara canyon, are most representative in Montenegro.Only find of Campanula secundiflora in Montenegro is situated in Lim valley.This species is presented on IUCN Red List.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9

QUALITY:
The habitat type of Montenegrine spruce forests is very representative for this site. Well preserved southern alder and birch galleries are presented on this site too.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 94. Blecic, V. 1957: Prilog poznavanju sumske vegetacije planine Ljubisnje. Glasn. Prir. Muz. Srpske Zem. B (10).

QUALITY:
The habitat type of Montenegrine spruce forests is described on this site The beech forests are well developed too. The whole mountain is covered by forests.

DESIGNATION:
The site is proposed to be an protected area (Physical Plan of the Republic 1986, 1997) in the category of Regional Park.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4.Fukarek, P. 1963: Prilog poznavanju dendrografskih i fitocenoloskih odnosa planina sjeverozapadne Crne Gore. Radovi Nauc. Drus. Bosne Herceg. (Sarajevo) 22 (6).

QUALITY:
The habitat type of Montenegrine spruce and mixed beech-fir forests are very representative on this site. The mountain Golija is representative for many rare and protected plant species.

DESIGNATION:
Both of types of ownership - private and state owned are presented on the site, but accurate data were not available.


SITENAME:
Ostatak kanjona Pive ispod Hidroelektrane

DOCUMENTATION:
Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore4. Blecic, V. 1959: Vegetacija stijena i tocila kanjona rijeke Pive.

QUALITY:
Habitats of Pinus nigra and Mixed termophilous forests are very represantive on this site. Endemic species Daphne malyana is described from Piva canyon.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4. Lakusic R., 1968. Planinska vegetacija jugoistocnih Dinarida. Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir.-Prir. Zbirke, 1: 9-75; Titograd

QUALITY:
Pinus peuce and Pinus heldraicii forests in this area are the most representative in Montenegro and eveb broader. The richness of flora and fauna and biodiversity in whole, with an exceptional concentration of such a quantity and quality of numerous endemic, relic, rare, protected and other extremely important species, make the Visitor and Zeletin massif an extraordinary natural wealth.

DESIGNATION:
Visitor is proposed to be protected area in category of National Park. Zeletin is proposed to be area of special natural caracteristics.


QUALITY:
The well developed populations of species Daphne malyana are presented on this site. Komarnica canyon is very important refugial area in Montenegro.


DOCUMENTATION:
Stjepcevic, J. 1967. Makro-mollusca Bokokotorskog zaliva. Studija Marina 2. pp.67.Pasinovic, M. 2001. Podrucje Kotora na listi svjetske prirodne i kulturne bastine UNESCO. Fakultet za turizam i hotelijerstvo, Kotor, pp.108.Macic, V., P. Boza, 2001. Naselja morskih cvjetnica u Bokokotorskom zalivu. Naucni skup "Zasavica 2001", Sremska Mitrovica, 2001. 109-114.Stjepcevic, J., Parenzan, P. 1980. Il Golfo delle Bocche di cattaro-condizioni generali e biocenosi bentoniche con carta ecologica delle sue due baie interne: di Kotor e di Risan. Studia marina 9-10. p: 3-148.Jovanovic, R. 1981. Analiza nekih morfometrijskih i meristickih karaktera arbuna, Pagellus erytrinus C.V., iz Bokokotorskog (Risanskog) zaliva. Poljoprivreda i sumarstvo, XXVII, 2: 31-36Joksimovic, A. 2000. Biomassestimate and maximum sustainable yield of pandora (Paggelus erythrinus, Linnaeus, 1758) in trawling fisheries on the Montenegrin shelf. Ichthyologia, Vol. 32. No. 1. pp.17-30Regner, D., Vuksanovic, N., Dutina, M., Stjepcevic, B., Sestovic, K. 1998. Kvalitet mora i stepen zagadjenja priobalnog juznog Jadrana. Zastita voda, 1998. pp. 1-9.Zikic, R., Mihailovic, R., Mandic, S., Stajn, A., Pavlovic, S., Ognjanovic, B. 1998. Odredjivanje koncentracije nekih metala u tkivima dagnje (Mytillus galloprovincialis) iz Bokokotorskog zaliva. Zastita voda 1998. pp. 15-20Vuksanovic, N., Krivokapic, S., 2005. Prilog poznavanju fitoplanktona kotorskog zaliva u zimskoj sezoni 2004. Zastita voda, 2005. pp. 347-350.Doklestic, O. 2005. Model zastite Boke Kotorske od naftnog zagadjenja. Zastita voda 2005. pp. 339-346.Lepetic, V. (1965):Sastav i sezonska dinamika ihtiobentosa i jestivih avertebrata u Bokokotorskom zalivu i mogucnosti njihove eksploatacije. Studia Marina No. 1. 1965.

QUALITY:
The Kotor-Risan bay is the inner part of the Boka Kotorska Bay and because of his unique beauty and biological diversity it is included in natural and cultural world heritage of UNESCO. Due to the calcareous composition of the relief water from the hinterland flows subterraneanly and mostly comes up again in the form of springs at the coastline or under the sea level. In such a way specific environmental conditions are created and protection of specific habitat and high diversity of marine life is of great importance.Also in the bay there are two islands from witch one (Gospa od Skrpjela) is artificial. Because of the few centuries long tradition of building and maintenance of this island the different materials, usually rocks are sinked there in the same day of the each year. That tradition, between other things, gives opportunity to follow settlements of some species and succession of the biocenosis.In this inner part of the bay we have some of the habitats from the resolution No. 4/96 and some species  protected by national and international laws. Because of that we consider this site of great importance for marine biodiversity. Also we should note that the bay is very important spawning area for some economically important fish species, so that is additional reason for protection and sustainable management of this site.

DESIGNATION:
The site is under protection of UNESCO as world natural and cultural haretage since 1979.

OTHERCHARACT:
Big input of fresh water, specialy because of underwater springs.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4. Lakusic R., 1968. Planinska vegetacija jugoistocnih Dinarida. Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir.-Prir. Zbirke, 1: 9-75; Titograd5. Vuksanovic, S. 2003: Flora planine Babji zub. Magistarski rad.

QUALITY:
Pinus heldraichii forests are the most reptesentative on the whole teritory of Montenegro, even broaded. Vegetation in rocks crevices is very rech with endemic plant species. This site present refugial area .


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4.Lakusic, R., Redzic, S., Muratspahic, D. 1984: Zakonitosti singeneze vegetacije na vertikalnom profilu Orjena. Bilten Ekologa BiH (Sarajevo) B 3

QUALITY:
The forests of Pinus heldraichii is most representative on Adriatic Dinarids. Also, on this site many local endemic plant species are present like Salvia brachyodon, Thymus bracteosus, Saturea horvatii etc...  Very specific relief with different kinds of geomorfogical shapes are present on Orjen massif.


QUALITY:
The most representative habitat type of tree spurge formatons is present on the cliffs above the beach Pecin. There are four sea caves on this area.

DESIGNATION:
Pecin beach has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature), since when this site is protected.


DOCUMENTATION:
. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4. Markisic, H. 1987: Mezofilne livade sveze Arrhenatherion elatioris Br-Bl, na planini Hajli. Rozajski Zbornik (Rozaje) 6

QUALITY:
Very specific endemic habitat type with Narthecium scardicum (montenegrin and albanian endemic species) is present on this site. Well developed Pinus peuce, and Pinus heldraichii forests are cover Hajla massif. The Bruckentalia heats in this site are most representative in Montenegro. On this site many local endemic plant species are present like Wulfenia blecicii, Hedysarum silicii etc...


QUALITY:
The most representative habitat type of tree spurge formatons is present on the hill Spas.

DESIGNATION:
Hill Spas has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Special Natural Areas, since when this site is protected.


QUALITY:
The only findings of Androsace mathildae in Montenegro is situated in this site. The forest of Pinus heldreichii and mixed spruce-fir forests are well developed on lower altitude in the massif Komovi. The large part of this area is covered by rocks, screes, cliffs and high-mountain meadows characterised by endemic species and vegetation.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Official Gazette of R. Montenegro No. 55/2003 Marine fishery law2. Physical Plan of the enterprise "Morsko dobro" 2006.3. Joksimovic, A. 2000. Biomass estimate and maximum sustainable yield of pandora (Paggelus erythrinus, Linnaeus, 1758) in trawling fisheries on the Montenegrin shelf. Ichtyologia, Vol. 32. pp. 17-30.

QUALITY:
Species on the islands … In the sea few habitat types from Resolution No. 4/96 are very well developed, and specially we should underline the huge area covered by vary well developed meadows of seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Due to specific currents of water bodies this site and its vicinity is also vary well known as site with big marine diversity and important catch of economically important fish species.

DESIGNATION:
In the new "Morsko dobro" Physical Plan of the costal zone (2006) this zone is planed as protected one. Reasons were the beauty and biological diversity of the site and also the relatively conviniant posibility of controle.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Official Gazette of R. Montenegro No. 55/2003 Marine fishery law2. Physical Plan of the enterprise "Morsko dobro" 2006.3. Radujkovic, B. 2005. Ribe Grbaljskog priobalja, Grbalj kroz vjekove, 2005. pp. 695-711

QUALITY:
Few habitat types from Resolution No. 4/96 are very well developed on this site and important number of marine species could be found there, so the site is of great quality and importance for protection. The Platamuni site is located on the open sea of Montenegrian coast. Due to the relatively big distance from nearest towns (Budva and Tivat) and because of the very few villages in the hinterland the pollution from land is almost not existing at all. With good management of this site that is additional reason  to expect  excellent quality of marine life on this site.

DESIGNATION:
This site is proposed to be protected area in the Physical Plan of the enterprise "Morsko dobro" 2006


DOCUMENTATION:
Anastasovski, V. et al. 1999. Sektorska studija: Zastita na prirodnoto nasledstvo za potrebite za izrabotka na Prostorniot plan na Republika Makedonija, Zavod za zivotna sredina, Ministerstvo za zivotna sredina i prostorno planiranje, Skopje.Anastasovski, V. & B. Micevski. 1996. Nacionalen ekoloski akcionen plan (NEAP) za Makedonija, tema 12: Biodiverzitetot i upravuvanjeto so zastitenite podracja vo Republika Makedonija, Republicki zavod za zastita na prirodnite retkosti, Skopje.Apostolski, K., N. Petrovski, O. Popovska & M. Sidorovski. 1956. Ribite vo Makedonija. Zavod za ribarstvo na NRM. Skopje.Bolkay, S. 1924. Popis vodozemaca i gmizavca, koje se nalaze u Bos.-Herc. Zemaljskom muzeju u Sarajevu s morfoloskim, bioloskim i zoogeografskim biljeskama. Spomenik Srpske Kraljevske Akademije, LXI. Beograd.Chernjavski, P. (1943). Prilog za floristicko poznavanje sire okoline Ohridskog Jezera. Ohrid. Zborn., 35(2): 11-88. Daniel, F. 1964. Die Lepidipteren fauna Jugoslawish Mazedoniens. II Bombyces et Sphinges. Posebno Izdanie. Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje 2: 1-75.Dimovski, A. 1981. Vodozemci i vlecugi na Nacionalniot Park Galicica. Contributions, II 1-2, Section of biological and medical sciences, Maced. Acad. of Sci. Arts. Skopje. pp. 65-74.Dzukic, G. 1995. Diverzitet vodozemaca (Amphibia) i gmizavca (Reptilia) Jugoslavije, sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja. - In: Stevanovic, V. & Vasic, V. eds. "Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja", Bioloski fakultet i Ecolibri, Beograd.Dzukic, G., M. Kalezic, S. Petkovski & V. Sidorovska. 2001. General remarks on Batraho- and Herpetofauna of the Balcan Peninsula. 75 years Maced. Mus. Nat. Hist., pp. 195-204.Georgiev, S. 1998. Kluc za odreduvanje na ribite (Osteichthyes) i zmijorkite (Cephalaspidomorpha) vo Republika Makedonija. Anfa, Skopje. pp. 1-177.Horvat, I. 1935. Istrazivanje vegetacije planina Vardarske banovine. I. Ljet. Jug. Akad., Zagreb, 47: 142-160.Horvat, I., V. Glavas & H. Ellenberg. 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas. VEB Jena. (8a, Karaman, S. 1922). Beitrage zur Herpetologie von Mazedonien. Glasnik Hrv. prir. drustva, Zagreb, 34 (3).Karaman, S. 1924. Pisces Macedoniae. Hrvatska stamparija, Split.Karaman, S. 1928. III. Prilog herpetologiji Jugoslavije. Glasnik Skop. Nauc. Drus., 4.Karaman, S. 1928. Prilozi ihtiologije Jugoslavije. I. Glas. Skop. Naucn. Drus. 6(2).Karaman, B. 1987. Les Odonates du Lac de Prespa (Macedoine, Yugoslavie) I partie: La composition qualitative et L'analyse zoogeographique de la Faune. Ann. Fac. Sci. Nat., Biol. Skopje. 37/38: 97-110.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski. 1999. Mammals of Macedonia. In: The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press. London, San Diego, pp. 1-484.Kusan, F. 1953. Prilog poznavanju flore crnogorsko-albanskih i makedonski planina. Hrvat. prir. Drus., Zagreb, 4-6: 178-190.Makatsch, W. 1950. Die Vogelwelt Macedoniens. Leipzig.Matvejev, S. & A. Dimovski. 1955. Ornithologische Forzschungen in der VR Mazedonien. Arhiv Biol. nauka, Beograd. 7(1-2): 121-129.Mertzanis, Y., D. Bousbouras & S. Bourdakis. 2000. Status of brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) populations and habitat in the area of Prespa Lakes. Medjunaroden simpozium "Odrzliv razvoj na Prespanskiot region" Otesevo, 23-25 juni, 2000. Zbornik na trudovi, pp. 56-65. Micevski, B. 1988. Ornitofauna na nekoi biotopi vo Nacionalniot Park "Galicica". Aktivus, 7: 13-18.Micevski, B. 1992. Strukturni i faunisticki karakteristiki na rimskata ornitofauna na Prespanskoto Ezero-makedonski del. God. zb., Biol., Skopje 45: 51-55.Micevski, B. & M. Scneider-Jacoby. 1997. Zimski cenzus na vodnite ptici na makedonskata strana na Prespanskoto Ezero vo januari 1997 godina (so nivna valorizacija i analiza na struktura i ishrana). Medjunaroden Simpozium "Kon integralna zastita i odrzliv razvoj na transgranicnite ezera Golema i Mala Prespa", 24-26 oktomvri, Korca: 52-57.Micevski, B. 1998. Ornitofauna na Prespanskoto Ezero. Drustvo za proucuvanje i zastita na pticite na Makedonija, Vest, Skopje. pp. 1-60.Micevski, B. 2000. Evaluation of the Prespa Lake avifauna. Medjunaroden simpozium "Odrzliv razvoj na Prespanskiot region" Otesevo, 23-25 juni, 2000. Zbornik na trudovi, pp. 78-85. Micevski B. 2000. CORINE Biotopes in Macedonia, Zoological Dept., Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Skopje.Matevski, V. & M. Kostadinovski. 1996. Pregled na rastitelni vidovi cii locus classicus se naodja vo granicite na trite nacionalni parkovi vo Republika Makedonija. Balkanska Konferencija "Nacionalnite parkovi i nivna uloga vo zastitata na biodiverzitetot na Balkanskiot Poluostrov", 89-98.Micevski, K. 1969. Prilog za zapoznavanje florata na Makedonija, IV. God. zbor. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 21: 109-117. Micevski, K. 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1): 1-152.Micevski, K. 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2): 153-391.Micevski, K. 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3): 503-548. Micevski, K. 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K. 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Naumovski, M. 1995. Ribite vo Makedonija. Zaki, Skopje. pp.: 1-162.Peters, G. & H. Hackethal 1986. Notizien uber die Libellen (Odonata) in Mazedonien. Acta Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje, 18(5): 125-128.Petkovski, S. & B. Krystufek. 1998. Cicaci na Makedonija. Zavrsen izvestaj. Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje, pp. 1-170.Radovanovic, M. 1964. Die Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien in Jugoslawien. Senc. Biol., Franfurt am Main, 45, 3/5.Schaider, P. & P. Jaksic. 1989. Die Tagfalter von Jugoslawisch Mazedonien Diurna (Rhopalocera und Hesperiidae). Selbsverlag Paul Schaider, Ratoldstrasse 36, Munchen pp. 1-82.Thurner, J. 1964. Die Lepidopterenfauna Jugoslawisch Mazedonien. I. Rhopalocera, Grypocera und Noctuidae. Posebno Izdanie. Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje. 1: 1-159.Weber, F. 1957. Botanicka vychazka do pohori Galicica. Sborn. klub. Prirodov. Brne, 39: 1-11.

QUALITY:
The most significant characteristics of National Park Galicica are its location between the two Lakes Ohrid and Prespa; its orographic and geomorphologic structures (deep valleys, glacial relief, cirques, karstic forms and caves); its diverse vegetation and richness in floral elements (mainly endemic and relict species) and its many important cultural and historical monuments.  The cave near the village Leskoec, for example, is a specific habitat where six bat species have their nursery colonies. Three of these species are listed on the List of Globally Threatened Vertebrates, and another two species are included on the List of Species of Special European Concern.From a floral standpoint, the National Park Galicica is a mosaic of diverse plant communities and representatives of various vegetation types (forest vegetation, sub-Alpic pasture vegetation on limestone rocky ground, vegetation on rocks etc), as well as a mosaic of a great number of species of various floral elements (local endemic species, Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean, south-Balkan, Balkan and  Pontic floral elements etc). There are 20 forest communities and 16 grass communities in the Park, consisting of 76 species of woody plants, 62 species of shrubs, 21 species of semi-shrubs, 14 species of climbers (lianas), and three species of semi-parasites/epiphytes. The fauna in the Park includes 1,644 species of butterflies, 11 species of amphibians, 21 species of reptiles, 260 species of birds, 51 species of mammals etc. Many amphibian, bird and mammal CORINE species are present, with butterflies possessing almost 10 CORINE species.The relatively small size of Galicica Mountain notwithstanding, it represents a centre of extremely high floral and faunal heterogeneity. As a unit complex, Galicica Mountain (14 floral and 26 faunal taxa), Lake Prespa (52 endemic taxa) and Lake Ohrid (more than 200 endemic taxa) represent a relatively restricted area with an enormously high level of biodiversity richness and endemism, one which has been characterised as the most impressive European "Hot Spot" (Gaston & David, 1994) for biodiversity richness and the presence of endemic species.The islet "Golem Grad", with its position as an isolated habitat with little anthropogenic influence, is perfect for protecting the rich ornitho- and herpetofauna. This is where the most abundant population of the species Natrix tesselata (dice snake) in Europe exists. The largest Balkan nesting colonies of the species Apus apus (swift) and Apus melba (alpine swift) are also present on this site. Besides its importance in geomorphological, botanical and zoological terms, it represents one of the most important archaeological sites of the Hellenistic and Roman civilisations. The Stenje Marsh is situated on the western shore of Lake Prespa. It is endangered by desiccation connected with the decreasing water level in Lake Prespa. We suggest  restoration of this habitat because of its irreplaceable role in the maintenance of the basic gene pool of many faunal species inhabiting seasonal wetlands.There are many important cultural and historical monuments within the area. Particularly noteworthy is the monastery of St. Naum, constructed in the 10th Century as an Old Slavic holy place.  The total area of the National Park Galicica is divided in two zones: ·strictly protected ·management The strictly protected zone comprises the area surrounding and also west of the peak, Magaro (2,254 m), and the localities, Nova Livada and Tepeno, with their two cirques. This zone covers an area of 550 ha.  The management zone includes the remaining area of the Park. It consists of a management area containing special natural features and a management area with planned conservation.  The management area containing special natural features extends south of the line which includes Gradiste-Bugarska Cuka, Asandzura Point, Devet Braka, Smoloica, Kale and Sir Han to the border with Albania and to the shores of Lakes Ohrid and Prespa, covering an area of 12,500 ha. This zone includes the following natural rarities: Natural Reserves:·Golem Grad (Large City) Island - 20 ha ·Prisoj locality above Otesevo - 23 ha·Plos - 31 ha ·Pluska locality - 60 ha·Tesen Kamen locality - 69 ha·Golem Osoj (Lako Signoj) - 890 ha·Kaleto locality - Tomoros - 950 ha·Prezna Planina locality - 540 ha.Natural Monuments:·Geologic profile above Lubaniste - 40 ha·Locality south of Leskoec - 50 ha·Crni Drim Springs·Swamp near Stenje - 18 ha·Biljana Springs·Studencista marshThe management area of planned conservation comprises an area of 9,700 ha in the section Gradiste - Asandzura - Sir Han. The management area also includes the following tourist areas: shoreline tourist areas of Ohrid and Prespa Lakes and the mountain tourist/recreational area.

DESIGNATION:
1. Law on Proclaiming the Forest Landscapes of Galicica Mountain as a National Park (Official Gazette of NRM, No. 31/1958)2. Law on the Protection of National Parks (Official Gazette of SRM, No. 33/1980)This Law defines the National Parks as natural rarities and establishes the objectives of their protection, the procedures for designating organisations dealing with national park protection and their obligations, the regime of protection, the manner in which special social interests are provided for, the method for providing funds to implement protection and penal provisions against lawbreakers.

OTHERCHARACT:
Due to the unique natural resources and the forest plant, animal and landscape diversity of Galicica Mountain, a large portion (an area covering 22,750 ha), was proclaimed a National Park in 1958.Galicica Mountain is situated between Ohrid and Prespa Lakes, in the south-westernmost part of the Republic of Macedonia. The lowest point is the water level of Ohrid Lake - 695 m above sea level (Prespa Lake is 850 m above sea level) - and the highest point is the peak Magaro - 2,265 m above sea level.  It is a long, narrow mountain, extending in a north-south direction and continuing into the territory of the Republic of Albania.  The side of the mountain facing Ohrid Lake is steep, rocky and to a great extent bare, thus resembling the mountains of the Dinaric Alps. This, and the presence of associated dry valleys, makes this part of Galicica difficult to access. The opposite, eastern side of Galicica, however, is quite different, with mild slopes completely overgrown with forests descending to the Prespa Valley.From the standpoint of regional designations, Galicica Mountain belongs to the southernmost part of the western-Macedonian mountain zone. Regarding its morphogenesis, the origin of Galicica is related to radial tectonic movements that took place in the Tertiary period, when this mountain massif actually developed. From a topographical standpoint, the mountain is divided in two parts: Small Galicica in the north (composed of Istok and Petrina Mountains) and Old Galicica in the south.  The highest part of the Galicica massif is represented by a wide, level area with three clearly distinguished peaks: Magaro (2,254 m), Lako Signoj (1,984 m) and Goga (1,737 m). These are the most outstanding points of the entire Galicica massif.The geological structure is mainly limestone. Erosion of the karstic material has left deep traces in the rock, forming all kinds of relief: crevices, hollows, depressions and karstic fields. Crevices belong to the category of micro-karstic forms, and are narrow, gutter-like, primarily parallel grooves and furrows. They occur on bare limestone areas, mostly in a ribbed or netlike form. Depressions are the most characteristic and most often found form of surface karstic relief. They occur on level surfaces, terraces and in karstic valleys. Their size ranges from 5 to 150 m in diameter and 10 m in depth. Hollows are larger, enclosed karstic depressions. A very typical hollow is located south of the peak Magaro. Its length is 400 m and its width, 150 m.  The karstic fields are the highest form of surface karstic relief. They are deep, enclosed or semi-enclosed depressions. There are four such karstic fields within the confines of the National Park: Suvo Pole, Asandjura, Dzaffa and Vrdulo. The largest karstic field, Suvo Pole, is 4.2 km long and 1 km wide. The lowest part of this field is at an elevation of 1,443 m above sea level.Altogether, 12 caves have been discovered on Galicica Mountain. The largest one, Samoska Dupka - with a length of 279 m - is situated in the karstic valley, Studeno, at an elevation of 1,430 m above sea level.Cliffs can also be found on Galicica Mountain. They were created by wave action and mostly occur in the direction extending from the Gradiste Peninsula toward the village of Lubaniste.Of the unvegetated forms on Galicica, the most represented are eroded vertical rock faces and taluses. They are most outstanding beneath the large tectonic area located on the western side of the peak, Magaro, as well as under the peak, Lako Signoj.During the glacial period, Galicica Mountain was affected by intensive glaciation, which left deep traces in the relief. Remnants from that period include a number of cirques, the most impressive of which is situated below Magaro Peak at an elevation between 2,000 and 2,100 m above sea level. The dimensions of this cirque are 400 m by 380 m.The Mountain massif of Galicica is very windy due to the general atmospheric circulation caused by the differential warming of the land on the one hand and the lakes on the other. Wind circulation is mainly from the sides of the mountain towards Ohrid and Prespa Lakes and back again.Because of its limestone structure, Galicica Mountain is relatively poor in surface water bodies. At its base, however, in the contact zone between the limestone and schist layers, water emerges in the form of powerful springs. They are connected to the large karstic aquifer on Galicica, where great reserves of ground water accumulate as a result of underground flow from Prespa Lake through a system of fissures (Prespa Lake lies 150 m higher than Ohrid Lake). The largest springs are found on the eastern shore of Ohrid Lake, such as the springs near the monastery of St. Naum (which has a capacity of 5-20 m3 per second), the underwater spring near the village of Trpejca etc. The islet "Golem Grad" (Large City) is included within the National Park as a strictly protected zone. This islet is situated in Lake Prespa, 4.5 km from the village of Konsko. The islet is 720 m long and 470 m wide. It looks like a small cliff rising 48 m above the water. There are two hills on the islet. The higher of the two, at 901 m, is situated in the north-east, while the lower one is in the southern part. From a geological standpoint, the islet belongs to the western part of Prespa Lake, which was split in the past by tectonic movements. This was determined by comparing the elevation of the level top of the island with some parts of the western Prespa shore; they are at approximately the same elevation. Due to its limestone structure, the island Golem Grad is filled with numerous fissures through which all atmospheric water reaching the surface penetrates. Therefore, surface water courses or springs can not be found here. At certain points around the island, one can see fractured limestone blocks situated primarily near the vertical fissures. This leads to the conclusion that earthquakes in the past have moved the cliffs, and that the size of the island became smaller through time. The force of wave impacts also played a major role in this process. According to the latest data, dendroflora in the Park is comprised of 177 tree, shrub and semi-shrub species (formerly 176 until the discovery of Cotoneaster mariana [A. And. & V. And.,1995]). Fig. 1. Types of autochthonous tree species in National Park Galicica by growth habit.Form acc. to habit HeightNumber of speciesTall trees> 25 ì12Medium-tall trees12-25 ì39Short trees< 12 ì25Total trees76Tall shrubs> 2.5 ì16Medium-tall shrubs1-2.5 ì21Low shrubs< 1 ì25Total shrubs62Semi-shrubs21Climber (lianas, vines)14Semiparasites/epiphytes3176The geographical location, the relief, the diverse environmental conditions (orographic, geologic-petrographic, hydrographic, climatic, edaphic etc.), historical development, as well as past inordinate anthropo-zoogenic influences, caused the development of numerous forest and grass phytocoenoses on the mountain massif of Galicica, with a great number of relict, endemic and rare plant species which originate from the post-glacial period (i.e., Tertiary). In the high mountain area above the upper boundary of the forest zone, vast pasture phytocoenoses are present. One of the main characteristics of these communities is the rich floral composition, which includes a large number of sub-Mediterranean species (thus confirming the sub-Mediterranean climatic influence). The National Park Galicica includes 20 forest communities: 1. assn. Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedonicum Rud. (1939)subassn. Buxosumsubassn. Amygdaletum  webbii 2. assn. Phyllireo-Carpinetum orientalis Em. (1957) 3. assn. Quercetum macedonicae Em. (1959) 4. assn. Querco-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Ht. (1938) 5. assn. Seslerio-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Ht. (1950) 6. assn. Ostryo-Quercetum cerris Em. (1968) 7. assn. Pruno webbii-Juniperutum excelsae Em. (1962) 8. assn. Juniperetum excelsae-foetidissimae Em. (1962) 9. assn. Quercetum frainetto-cerris Ht. (1959) 10. assn. Orno-Quercetum petraeae Em. (1968) 11. assn. Orno-Quercetum cerris Em. (1964) 12. assn. Festuco heterophylae-Fagetum Em. (1965) 13. assn. Calamintho grandiflorae-Fagetum Em. (1965) 14. assn. Abieti-Fagetum Em. (1985) 15. assn. Aceri obtusati-Ostryo-Fagetum Jov. (1967) 16. assn. Seslerio-Fagetum Ble. et Lak. (1970) 17. assn. Fagetum subalpinum Em. (1961) 18. assn. Juglando-Aesculetum hippocastani Mat. et Nik. (1976) 19. assn. Fraxino-Alnetum glutinosae Lj. Mic. (1978)20. assn. Salici-Populetum albo-nigrae et nudumAccording to R. Rizovski and Lj. Micevski, the following grass (pasture) phytocoenoses can be found on the mountain massif of Galicica:  1. assn. Asyneumo-Stipetum mediterranae Ht. (1960)2. assn. Onobrichydo-Fastucetum cyllenicae Ht. (1936)3. assn. Peucedano-Festucetum paniculatae Ht. (1937)4. assn. Morino-Stipetum mediterranae Riz. (1976)5. assn. Geranio-Poetum violaceae Ht. (1935)6. assn. Seslerietum wettsteinii Ht. (1937)7. assn. Edraeantho-Helianthemetum balcanici Ht. (1935)8. assn. Phleo-Poetum alpinae Ht. (1936)In the high mountain area, in addition to the above grass (pasture) communities, other communities can also be found, according to R. Rizovski:9. assn. Saxifrago-Potentilletum speciosae Ht. (1937)          10. assn. Drypetum linneanae Ht. (1931)          11. assn. Rindero-Acantholimetum Que. (1964)          12. assn. Calamagrosti-Genistetum radiatae et nudum          13. assn. Helianthemo-Seslerietum et nudumIn the hilly-mountain area of this mountain massif, according to R. Rizovski and Lj. Micevski, the following grass (pasture) phytocoenoses can be found: 1. assn. Helianthemo-Euphorbietum thessalae K. Mic. (1972)2. assn. Teucrio-Arthemitiesum lobelli K. Mic. (1970)3. assn. Asphodelo-Pterydietum Em. (1967)4. assn. Genisto-Agrostidetum byzanthianae K. Mic. (1978)From this data we can conclude that within the National Park Galicica, there are 37 plant communities of which 20 are forest communities. The great floral richness of the Galicica massif and National Park represents a natural treasure, ranking this landscape among the richest in plant communities and plant species, not only in our country but also in the wider Balkans. The National Park Galicica is characterised by many relict and endemic plant species. Important relict species include: Aesculus hippocastanum, Crocus cvijici, Ramonda serbica, Morina persica, Phelipaea boissieri, Berberis croatica etc. Within the boundaries of the Park are typical sites (Locus typicus) for 20 species of Cormophyta, 12 of which are local endemic species. These include: Bupleurum mayeri, Centaurea galicicae, Centaurea tomorosii, Centaurea soskae, Nepeta ernesti-mayeri, Laserpitium ochridanum, Helichrysum zivojini, Edrianthus horvatii, Festuca galicicae, Micromeria kosanini etc.List of Endemic Floral Species of Galicica Mountain1.Astragalus mayeri Micevski (1970)2.Bupleurum mayeri Micevski (1990)3.Centaurea galicicae Micevski (1985)4.Centaurea soskae Hayek (1926)5.Centaurea tomorosii Micevski (1985)6.Crocus cvijici Kosanin (1926)7.Dianthus galicicae Micevski (1987)8.Dianthus ochridanus Micevski (1987)9.Festuca galicicae Horvat (1978)10.Helichrysum zivojini Cernaevski & Soska (1943)11.Laserpitum ochridanum Micevski (1981)12.Micromeria kosanini Silic (1979)13.Nepeta ernesti-mayeri Diklic & Nikolic (1977)14.Cotoneaster mariana Andonovski (1996)From a faunal standpoint, the biodiversity richness of Galicica Mountain, compared with other mountains, is much more impressive. Only a few invertebrate groups which play important roles in any natural ecosystem that should be protected and managed shall be included in this discussion.The Subphylum Branchiata, with its single Class, Crustacea, is well represented in both the moving and the stagnant temporary water bodies of Galicica Mountain. From the Subclass Branchiopoda, representatives of three Orders (fairy shrimps, tadpole shrimps and clam shrimps) have shown a unique, simultaneous appearance in the same temporary pool, "Crvena Bara" (Petkovski, 1993). From the Subclass Ostracoda (water fleas), the species Heterocypris erikae and Heterocypris incongruens are endemic species for Galicica Mountain, with a disjunctive distribution restricted to the temporary pools of Galicica (Petkovski, 1998).The Subclass Malacostraca is represented by all three freshwater Orders (Amphipoda, Isopoda and Decapoda) (Karaman, 1973, 1974, 1976). From the Order Amphipoda (scuds), the following four taxa: Gammarus rambouseki, Niphargus maximus petkovskii, Niphargus sanctinaumi and Niphargus stankoi have been determined to be endemics, present only in the Galicica Mountain's springs and streams (Karaman, 1973, 1974). The Order Decapoda (crayfishes) is represented by the stream crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium macedonicus, which is a Macedonian endemic taxon (Karaman, 1976).From the Subphylum Tracheata, the Class Insecta is represented by the largest number of species. For this discussion, however, only representatives of the Order Lepidoptera (butterflies) which are completely investigated will be included. Through an examination of butterfly composition and diversity, we can make relatively good assumptions about the total invertebrate fauna, since butterflies are a major portion of the total composition as well as being very strong bioindicators of the status of other invertebrate groups.The Family Noctuidae (moths) are represented by 347 species, which is 75% of the entire Macedonian moth fauna (468 species [Thurner, 1964]). At first glance, this paradoxically high diversity is not impressive, because Macedonia itself has an extremely rich moth fauna compared with other countries. According to data given by Thurner (1964),  the entire country of Albania possess only 225 species of moths, which is far less than the number of species present only on Galicica Mountain itself. Unfortunately, because of the lack of similar complete investigations for Greece or Bulgaria, we are not able to make a comparative analysis with these neighbouring countries. Another interesting fact is that, of the eight Macedonian endemic moth species, seven are present on Galicica Mountain.The butterflies of the tribe Microlepidoptera are represented by 695 species (Klimesch, 1968). This is much more than the Microlepidopteran fauna of any other mountain in the Balkans or Europe. Twelve of these species are Macedonian endemic taxa, six of which are present exclusively on Galicica Mountain.Daniel (1964), in his study on the Bombycid and Sphingid butterflies and moths of Macedonia, recognized 156 species for Galicica Mountain. Six Macedonian endemic species are present on the Mountain, two of which are restricted entirely to Galicica.The butterflies of the Family Geometridae are represented with 232 species. Three of them are Macedonian endemics, and two of these are restricted to Galicica Mountain (Pinker, 1968).Finally, Thurner (1964) and Schaider & Jaksic (1989), investigating the diurnal butterflies of the groups Rhopalocera and Grypocera, recorded the presence of 143 species for Galicica Mountain, which is 76% of the total number of species known for Macedonia (total of 199 species).To summarise, the total number of butterfly species present on Galicica Mountain is 1,644, which is an enormous concentration of butterfly diversity present in a very restricted area.The Subphylum Vertebrata represents the Phylum Chordata in the fauna of Galicica Mountain. Because of their high level of complexity and diversity of features, the vertebrates entail the most significant group of the animal kingdom.The Class Pisces (fishes), is almost absent on Galicica Mountain itself.  There is a paucity of large mountain streams emptying into Lakes Prespa and Ohrid. The springs of St. Naum and the Biljanini Springs are situated very close to the shore of Lake Ohrid, so do not form large streams. Therefore, it will be more convenient to conclude that Galicica Mountain does not possess its own fish fauna.The Class Amphibia is represented by 11 species (Sidorovska et al., unpublished data). The species Rana graeca, as well as the subspecies Pelobates syriacus balcanicus, Bombina variegata scabra, Triturus vulgaris graecus and Triturus carnifex macedonicus, are Balkan endemics.The Class Reptilia on Galicica Mountain is represented by 21 species (Petkovski et al., unpublished data). The species Algyroides nigropunctatus, as well as the subspecies Testudo hermani boettgeri, Emys orbicularis hellenica, Cyrtodactylus kotschyi skopjensis, Ablepharus kitaibellii stepaneki, Lacerta agilis bosnica, Podarcis erhardii riveti and Podarcis muralis albanica, are Balkan endemics. The total number of amphibians and reptiles on Galicica Mountain sum to 30 species. It is surprising that this mountain shows such a high level of herpetological diversity. This richness is higher than in northern European countries (Finland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland and Great Britain) and is at approximately the same level as the middle European countries (Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria and Switzerland).The Class Aves (birds) on Galicica Mountain, including the shore areas of Lakes Ohrid and Prespa, is represented by 260 species, which is 84% of the total Macedonian ornithofauna (Micevski, 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998; Vasic, pers. comm.).The Class Mammalia (mammals) on Galicica Mountain, according to Petkovski & Krystufek (1998) and Krystufek & Petkovski (1999), is represented by 51 species, which is 62% of the total mammal fauna of Macedonia.List of Endemic Fauna Species of Galicica MountainCRUSTACEA: OSTRACODA1.Heterocypris erikae Petkovski & Keyser (1995)2.Candona paloskii Petkovski & Scharf (1998)CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA1.Gammarus rambouseki Karaman (1931)2.Niphargus maximus petkovskii Karaman (1963)3.Niphargus sanctinaumi Karaman (1943)4.Niphargus stankoi Karaman (1973)CHELICERATA: PSEUDOSCORPIONES1.Neobisium ohridanum Hadzi (1940)CHELICERATA: OPILIONES1.Siro ohridanum Hadzi (1973)MYRIAPODA: DIPLOPODA1.Acanthopetalum thessalorum lychnitis Verhoeff (1932)INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA1.Ramburiella turcomana Fisher (1833)2.Poecilimon chapardi Ramme (1933)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (MICROLEPIDOPTERA)1.   Parachronistis lunaki Rebel (1941)2.  Cariocolum xuthellum Rebel (1941)3.   Pantacordis pantsa Gozmany (1963)4. Coleophora macedonica Toll (1959)5. Coleophora scabrida Toll (1959)6. Buculatrix pseudosylvella Rebel (1941)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (GEOMETRIDAE)1.Calostigia wolfschlageri Pinker (1938)2.Chesias pinkeri Schawerda (1939)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (BOMBYCIDAE & SPHINGIDAE)1.Zygaena achilleae winnenguthi Holik (1937)2.Zygaena brizae ochrida, Holik (1937)3.Euproctis rivularis dannehli Daniel (1964)4.Bankesia macedoniella Rebel (1917)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (NOCTUIDAE)1.Hadena clara macedonica Boursin (1959)2.Agrochola thurneri Boursin (1953)3.      Porphyrinia thurneri Zerny (1936)


