# EMERALDSITE

DOCUMENTATION:
1.Certificate of the Dzivin-Vialiki Lies IBA2.Expert data

QUALITY:
The site of the utmost importance for preservation of the largest population of lady's-slipper orchid,  cypripedium calceolus in Belarus, as well as such globally endangered species, as aquatic warbler, acrocephalus paludicola; greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga. It is a place for breeding of such species, as common crane, grus grus (more than 2% of the national population); little crake, porzana parva; Eurasian eagle-owl, bubo bubo; and black stork, ciconia nigra (more than 1% of the national population). During the migration period, 1,500-3,000 common cranes accumulate there (the IBA criterion is A4i). There are also 15 species of protected plants that are listed in the Belarus Red Book, 2 mammal species and 3 invertebrate species.

DESIGNATION:
A part of the area is within the Dzivin-Vialiki Lies Local Reserve.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is situated in the Brestskoye Polesye physiographic region; it borders the Zvanets IBA. It is a forest and wetland complex with relatively regular alternation of sections of open (mesotrophic and lowland) swamps and islets covered with mostly deciduous forest, such as hornbeam.  The area accommodates a network of reclamation canals joining the Dnieper-Bug Canal. The Kazatsky canal is the largest one at the site. The canal system has a substantial drainage impact on the area. In the eastern part, there is a major reclamation system, which is neglected and overgrown with shrubs.


DOCUMENTATION:
Information Source 1. Certificate of the Grodzienskaya Svislach IBA

QUALITY:
The site is of the utmost importance for preservation of a globally endangered species, aquatic warbler, acrocephalus paludicola. From 1 to 3% of the national population of this species breed there.  It is also a breeding ground for approximately 1% of the national population of black-tailed godwit, limosa limosa; black tern, chlidonias niger. This territory is also an important habitat of such species as Angelica palustris, Agrimonia pilosa.

DESIGNATION:
Part of the territory fo the site belongs to the reserve of local importance "Svisloch".

OTHERCHARACT:
The site comprises the Svisloch river bed and floodplain. The stream bed has partially retained its natural condition, and partially shortened. The floodplain is partially drained and used for cultivating grass, to a lesser extent – arable crops. A part of the flooplain has retained its natural condition; it is a cereal/mixed herb/sledge fen. The marshland is broken with canals.


QUALITY:
The site is of the utmost importance for predatory and woodland bird species.  It is inhabited by a breeding group of the globally endangered species, greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga (about 1% of the Belarusian population). The territory is also important for preservation of such species, as  hen harrier, circus cyaneus; great grey owl, strix nebulosa (about 2% of the population); Eurasian eagle-owl, bubo bubo; common crane, grus grus; white-tailed eagle, haliaeetus albicilla – about 1% of the Belarusian population.

DESIGNATION:
There are plans to establish a local reserve

OTHERCHARACT:
A key component of the site vegetation are deciduous woodlands – waterlogged birch and elder forests. A major part of them have been drained before. The forest age structure is dominated by ripening and mature stands. Broad-leaved woodlands are widespreat on the islets. There is a reclamation canal system on the site, causing drainage from the site to the north and south. In the southern part, there is a section of a mostly mesotrophic swamp. In the western part, there are cutover peatlands with an area of approximately 2,000 ha. At present, the drain canal system is closed and it is exposed to repeated waterlogging.


DOCUMENTATION:
Information source 1. Certificate of the Ptich Floodplain IBA

QUALITY:
The site is of the utmost importance for preservation of a globally endangered species, greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga (approximately 1% of the national population); and Eurasian bittern, botaurus stellaris (more than 2% of the national population of the species). It also provides breeding grounds for black stork, ciconia nigra (2-5 couples); common crane, grus grus (2-5 couples); common kingfisher, alcedo atthis (10-15 couples). This territory is also an important habitat of such species as Emys orbicularis, Misgurnus fossilis.

DESIGNATION:
A part of the site belongs to the Oktyabrsky Republican Resrve, as well as some local reserves: Berezovka-1, Zgody, Bezhitsa Floodplain

OTHERCHARACT:
The site extends along the Ptich River floodplain for more than 70 km. The river heavily meanders, there are numerous oxbows and distributaries, the floodplain is waterlogged. Large areas of the site are covered with wood, mostly alder and pine. A large share in the forest cover belongs to broad-leaved timber.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Resolution on the reserve.2. Reserve establishment substantiation3. Certificate of the Arekhauskaye IBA.4. Publications

QUALITY:
The site is of the utmost importance for wetland biotopes and species associated with wetland habitats. It provides breeding grounds for more than 2% of the national population of Eurasian bittern, botaurus stellaris; little bittern, ixobrychus minutus; great egret, casmerodius albus; about 1% - little crake, porzana parva; gadwall, anas strepera; common crane, grus grus.  At the site there are 40 identified bird species that are listed in the Belarus Red Book, of which 21 species breed there.  The lake is the largest habitat of waterwheel plant, aldrovanda vesiculosa, in Belarus.

DESIGNATION:
A part (approximately 1,619.7 ha) of the site belongs to the Arekhauski Local Reserve.

OTHERCHARACT:
The core of the site comprises the Arekhauskaye Lake and submerged peat grounds situated in the north-west. The lake has the 5th largest area in the Bug catchment basin and the largest natural body of water in the Belarusian segment of the basin. The lake is shallow and has a well-developed shorefront emergent macrophytes and low waterlogged shores. The peat ground ponds represent regular alternation of open water sections and cattail and reed stands. The main ecosystems dominating at the site are aquatic (the lake, peat ground ponds), forest and wetland/meadow. Within the site area there is a large floodplain meadow that has retained its natural condition.


DOCUMENTATION:
Passport of the Lesnaya River IBAScientific publicationsExpert assessments2.Абрамчук А.В. Миграция водно-болотных птиц в Беловежской пуще // Беловежская пуща. Исследования. – Брест, Академия, 2006. – Вып.12. – С.164-182.2.Изучение биоразнообразия природных комплексов ландшафтного заказника «Бугский»: отчет о НИР (заключ.) / БрГУ имени А.С. Пушкина; рук. О.Н. Веремчук; исполн.: О.Н. Веремчук [и др.]. – Брест, 2006. – 58 с. – Библиогр.: с. 28. – № ГР 20062686.3.Веремчук О.Н., Жуковский А.Т., Шималов В.В., Третьяков Д.И., Шокало Б.И., Фенчук В.А., Чеботарева Н.А., Марзан И.Г. К изучению биоразнообразия заказника «Бугский» // Антропогенная динамика ландшафтов, проблемы сохранения и устойчивого использования биологического разнообразия: Материалы ІІ республ. науч.-практич. конф. (1-2 дек. 2004 г., Минск). Минск, 2004. С. 113-114.4.ВеремчукО.Н., ШималовВ.В., ЖуковскийА.Т., ТретьяковД.И., ФенчукВ.А., ШокалоБ.И., ЧеботареваН.А., БогдановичИ.А. Биоразнообразиеландшафтногозаказника «Бугский» // ПрыроднаеасяроддзеПалесся: асаблiвасцi i перспектывыразвіцця: Тэз. дакл. ІІІ Міжнар. навук. канф. (7-9 чэрвеня 2006 г., Брэст). Брест, 2006. С. 97.

QUALITY:
The territory of the Lesnaya River floodplain is important for swimming birds during the period of spring migration. Over 50000 thousand wetland birds migrate across this territory for one period of spring migration. Large gatherings of spring migrating birds stay here for the period of form several days to a week or more depending on flood intensity and weather conditions. Up to 20000 individuals of wetland birds (criteria IBA А4iii) gather in the territory at any one time. Besides, the territory is marked by large gatherings of Pluvialis apricaria (up to 10 thousand) during autumn migration. Moreover, about 1 % of national population of Botaurus stellaris, Alcedo atthis, Limosa limosa nest here.

DESIGNATION:
Part of the territory is included to the area of the Bugskiy Local Reserve, one more part is situated in the administrative zone of the National Park “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”. It is planned to prepare an application for gaining the status of Ramsar site for most of the territory of present-day IBA

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the IBA includes the floodplain and a part of the Lesnaya River valley and parts of floodplains of the Lesnaya Levaya River and the Lesnaya Pravaya River. The rivers form part of the Zapadny Bug River basin. The width of Lesnaya River valley is 2-4 km, the width of the floodplain is from a few meters to 200-600 m in the middle reaches and up to 1 km in the upper and lower reaches. During seasonal floods the floodplain is flooded at a depth of 0.3-0.8 m for the period of up to 3 weeks. The surface of the bottom of the valley is plain, it is indented by reclamation canals, tributaries, creeks, bayous, covered by peateries and sands, mainly occupied by meadows overgrown by shrubs to different extend, by bogs and partially by arable lands. The riverbed is freely meandering. In some places the riverbed bifurcates into several armlets that form numerous bayous and creeks. The territory is waterlogged between the riverbeds. The width of the river in low-water period is 10-30 m. The banks are 1-1.5 m high, in some places their height is 3-4 m. The territory is characterized by apparent zonal distribution of vegetation that is formed according to the degree of remoteness from the riverbed and terrain structure. Associations of aquatic and streamside vegetation (Nymphaeion, Patamagenion) are formed in the riverbed, bayous and creases, then associations of streamside thickets of cane, cattail and sedge alternate with alder, and willow forests and shrubs. Most of the territory is occupied by meadows of different degrees of humidity, most of them are cultivated. There are lowland floodplain bogs in topographic low of the valley. Forests occupy insignificant area, they are mainly represented by small-leaved forests and pine plantings.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Strumenskiy Local Biological Reserve (Decision of Korma District Executive Committee No 12-894 dated 28.12.2012).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the hydrological regime within the reserve area are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the natural complex of the Sozh River valley, habitats of wild plant and animal species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus and (or) protected according to international conventions valid in the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the valley of the river Sozh with bayou lakes, floodplain meadows and forests, small rivers and brooks, small-hilled plain with pine and mixed forests on mineral soils.


DOCUMENTATION:
Certificate of the Kazyany IBAInformation Sheet on the Кazyansky Ramsar Wetlands (RIS)

QUALITY:
The fauna comprises 175 breeding bird species, of which more than 40 are listed in the Belarus Red Book. The most valuable biotopes are open oligotrophic swamps, grass pine and birch forests, as well as alder stands. The site if of the utmost importance for preservation of such bird species, as European golden clover, pluvialis apricaria, - 30-50% of the national population; merlin, falco columbarius – more than 2% of the national population; common crane, grus grus  - more than 2%; Eurasian bittern, botaurus stellaris; black stork, ciconia nigra; osprey, pandion haliaetus; hen harrier, circus cyaneus; short-eared owl, asio flammeus – about 1% of the national population. It is also a breeding area for golden eagle, aquila chrysaetos, and black-throated loon, gavia arctica; it is a regular habitat for brown bear, ursus arctos. It has a high population of a number of other protected species: whimbrel, numenius phaeopus, and common greenshank, tringa nebularia – more than 10%, willow ptarmigan. It is also inhabited by lynx, felis linx (5-8 animals) and brown bear, ursus arctos (3-5 colonies). The reserve flora has 23 identified plant species that are listed in the Belarus Red Book.

DESIGNATION:
A large part (98%) of the site has the status of the Kazyany Republican Reserve, which also has the status of a Ramsar site

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a mosaic complex of oligotrophic swamps, forests and lakes. Agricultural lands occupy a minor area. Large areas of oligotrophic and mesotrophic swamps are of the highest value. The hydrological network comprises the Obol River with its two tributaries, the Tsenitsa and Glubochka; there are also about ten lakes, mostly of the dystrophic type. The largest lakes are Moshno, Rosolay, Krasnomay, etc. There are all three types of wetland, including lowland fens that are rare at the north of Belarus. There are both open and forest swamps.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.The establishment of the Potoki Wetland Reserve of Local importance of the area of 3000 ha is scheduled for 2016.The territory includes bog forest areas, which have been registered as the Potoki (cadastral number 272), Krasny Mokh (271), Vedeto (279), Dolgoye (260), Vedeto (267) peat deposits and included to the list of bogs subject to particular and (or) special protection, registered in the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1111 dated 30.12.2015 “On some questions in the field of conservation and rational (sustainable) use of pear lands” for the period till 2030 (http:/www.government.by/ru/solutions/2349).

QUALITY:
So far all the habitats are characterized by a high degree of conservation. Such activities as hydrotechnical amelioration and peat extraction have not been performed here or were carried out in the limited territory. There remain the massifs of waterlogged and dry forests on dunes, where clear felling is prohibited. The territory is situated away from the cities, highways and industrial facilities. Most of the territory is hardly available. The bogs are traditional places of cranberries harvesting by the local population.

DESIGNATION:
The establishment of the wetland reserve of local importance is scheduled. The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitats of wild plant species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The obligations are the documents with the requirements for the special protection regime for wild plant species included to the National Red List of Belarus. They are delivered by the territorial body of the Ministry of Natural Resource to the users of land plots and (or) water bodies, who will protect identified habitats of these plants (Regulation on the transmission of habitats of wild plant and (or) animal species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus under the protection of the users of land plots and (or) water facilities approved by Resolution of Council of Ministers No 638 of May 18, 2009 as amended by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 622 of July 12, 2013).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a large bog forest area undisturbed by hydrotechnical amelioration. The ecosystems of raised domed and transition boreal bogs prevail. The relief of raised bogs is ridge-hollow. The territory includes over 20 bogs. There are many inland dunes, kames, morainic hills covered with dry coniferous and small-leaved forests. The bogs are the heads of numerous small rivers and brooks. The main watercourses are the rivers of Drissa, Vedetitsa, Marinets. The territory also includes the lake Vedeto, which is one of the largest waterbodies of the Eastern Poozerye.The flora includes 10 species of higher vascular plants, included into the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus. There have been registered 157 species of birds, 20 of them have national and international protection statuses.


DOCUMENTATION:
Information sources: 1. Certificate of the Lva Floodplan IBA.2. Expert data.

QUALITY:
The site is an important habitat for a globally endangered species, greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga (more than 2% of the national population), also, about 1% of the national population of Terek sandpiper, xenus cinereus; hen harrier, circus cyaneus, were seen breeding there. The place is also used for breeding by short-toed snake eagle, circaetus gallicus; lesser spotted eagle, aquila pomarina; white-tailed eagle, haliaeetus albicilla.  Several mating periods of great snipe, gallinаgo media, were detected; black-tailed godwit, limosa limosa; white-backed woodpecker, dendrocopos leucotos; azure tit, parus cyanus, breed there. Six species of plants protected in Belarus were identified there.

DESIGNATION:
It has no nature-protection status at present. It is planned to establish a local-level reserve.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site comprises a large deciduous forest area in the Lva River floodplain. In the 1970-1980s, large swamplands to the north and west of the forest were drained; also, in a large reclamation system was built in its central part, which has a negative impact on the hydrological condition of the site. The site vegetation is mainly represented by deciduous waterlogged forests. There are waterlogged sedge, mixed herb/cereal and sedge meadows and swamps along the Lva river bed. The river bed meanders, occasionally impounded and lost in vegetation; a part of it develops numerous distributaries. The river bed width is 10-25 m. There are all types of wetlands. Reclaimed areas are mainly used as pasture and hay land. A part of the area is cultivated.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Regulation on the Prostyr Republican Landscape Reserve (adopted by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No. 115, dated 28.02.1994).2. Reserve establishment substantiation3. Certificate of the Prostyr IBA4.  Expert data5. Reserve management plan6. Information Sheet on Belarusian part of Transboundary Ramsar Wetlands “Stokhid-Pripyat – Prostyr” (RIS)

QUALITY:
All the habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The territory of the reserve is hardly available in spring and early summer because of seasonal flooding. It is located away from the cities, highways and industrial facilities. After flooding the southern and eastern sectors of the reserve are used for grazing, several sites are used for haying. Volume reduction or termination of pasture and haying regimes cause open meadows overgrowing with shrubs, which can result in reduction of the ecosystem areas. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is protection of the natural complex, including the ecosystems of natural open floodplain meadows and the forests of the interfluve area of the Pripyat and the Styr.

DESIGNATION:
The largest part (over 91%) of the area belongs to the Prostyr Repubican Reserve

OTHERCHARACT:
The reserve includes the interfluve area of the rivers Pripyat and Styr and their riverbeds. Lowland floodplain meadows and bogs prevail here, they are flooded every year durings season flooding for up to 1-3 months. The areas of low floodplain with waterlogged and wet meadows intersperse with the islets covered with oak forests, mesophytic meadows and small-leaved forests. Narrow galleries of willow stand grow along the banks. There are small old course lakes among the floodplain.


QUALITY:
The site is a critical breeding ground for such a globally endangered species, as большой подорлик, aquila clanga (more than 3% of the national population). It is the breeding ground of 2% of the national population of common crane, grus grus; great grey owl, strix nebulosa; white-tailed eagle, haliaeetus albicilla. Also, black-tailed godwit limosa limosa; Eurasian curlew, numenius arquata; black stork, ciconia nigra; short-toed snake eagle, circaetus gallicus were seen to breed there – the last two species make up about 1% of the national population size. The territory is an important habitat of such plant species as Rhododendron luteum, Jurinea cyanoides.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a large forest and wetland complex, which core comprises the Stary Zhaden and Velikoye swamps divided by dune complexes. The most typical ecosystems are oligotrophic and mesotrophic swamps, as well as pine and small-leaved woodlands. The hydrological system is represented by old canals (end of the 19th C), of which the majority have overgrown and dammed by beavers. Water is discharged into the Stviga river. De-facto lack of roads and heavy waterlogging make access to this site very difficult.


QUALITY:
The site is of the utmost importance for preservation of predatory bird species. About 1% of the national population of lesser spotted eagle, aquila pomarina; short-toed snake eagle, circaetus gallicus; hen harrier, circus cyaneus, breed there. Moreover, it is the breeding ground for greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga; Eurasian hobby, falco subbuteo; common kestrel,  falco tinnunculus, as well as black stork, ciconia nigra; common crane, grus grus, European green woodpecker, picus viridis, white-backed woodpecker, dendrocopos leucotos; middle spotted woodpecker, dendrocopos medius. A significant area is occupied with broad-leaved oak forests and alder stands.

DESIGNATION:
The site has no protective status. Some species habitats have been placed under protection.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a large complex of pine, broad-leaved and waterlogged woodlands alternating with minor bogs and neglected peat harvesting fields. The largest area is occupied by forests with prevailing alder and pine. A significant area is occupied by broad-leaved forests (oak and aspen). Reclamation system are mostly neglected and exposed to repeated waterlogging and overgrowth. There are minor marshy spots dispersed in the forest. There is a large area of neglected peat harvesting fields in the southern part of the site.


DOCUMENTATION:
Passport of IBA Berezina-GainaЛаенко, Т. М. Фауна водных моллюсков Беларуси/ Т. М. Лаен-ко; Нац. акад. наук Беларуси, Науч.-практ. центр по биоресурсам. – Минск: Беларусь. навука, 2012.

QUALITY:
The site is most significant for the conservation of wetland species, as well as of the globally threatened species – Aquila clanga (2 pairs). About 1 % of the national population of Crex Crex is breeding here; more than 1 % of the national population of Chlidonias niger, Haliaeetus albicilla, Porzana porzana, Chlidonias niger, Larus minutus are breeding on teh site. Acrocephalus paludicola (3 males) inhabit the site as well.  The site is important for a number of other bird species. This territory is also an important habitat of such species as Unio crassus,  Vertigo angustior, Misgurnus fossilis, Eudontomyzon mariae, Rhodeus amarus.

DESIGNATION:
Part of the site falls within the boundaries of the “Biological Reserve for Breeding of European Bison”. It is also planned to give a special  protection status  to a part of the site.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the site is situated in the floodplain of the rivers Berezina and Gaina. The width of their plains makes 1.5 and 3 km correspondingly. The floodplain is surrounded by mostly broadleaved bogged forests as well as confer woods. A part of the area is occupied by the transition mires. The length of the Berezina river on the area of the site makes 12 km, of the river gaina – 24 km. The river beds are meandering.


QUALITY:
The area is of the utmost importance for preserving predator and forest bird species. It provides breeding grounds for about 1% of the national population of the short-toed snake eagle, circaetus gallicus; the greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga; the great snipe, gallinago media; more than 2% of the national population of the black kite, milvus migrans. Besides, the black stork, ciconia nigra; the common crane, grus grus; the green woodpecker, picus viridis; the white-backed woodpecker, dendrocopos leucotos; the collared flycatcher, ficedula albicollis, also breed there. A large area is covered by broad-leaved oak and alder forests. There are also 12 plant species listed in the Belarus Red Book. This territory is an important habitat of such fish species as Aspius aspius, Misgurnus fossilis,  Eudontomyzon mariae, Pelecus cultratus, Rhodeus amarus

DESIGNATION:
Abou 77 % of the territory belongs to the republican reserve "Vydritsa"

OTHERCHARACT:
The area comprises a large woodland and wetland complixes in the interfluves of the Ola and Berezina Rivers. The main waterways are the Berezina, Ola and Vydritsa Rivers. Within the area, the Berezina valley is 2-8 km wide and has numerous (about 30) 0.001-0.2 km2 oxbow lakes.   There are minor complexes of open swamps dispersed in the area. The largest part of the area is covered with forests with wet and waterlogged floodplain deciduous, as well as wet pine forests. Dry coniferous and broadleaved forests are wide spread on elevated terrrain. A major part of the Berezina floodplain is occupied by natural wet meadows.


QUALITY:
First of all, the area is of international importance for preserving a globally endangered species – the большой подорлик, aquila clanga  – with at least 1-2% of the national population of the species breeding there. Besides, this wetland and woodland complex is highly important for preserving a number of forest bird species, as well as woodland and waterland inhabiting species: the great grey owl, strix nebulosa; the black stork, ciconia nigra; the short-toed snake eagle, circaetus gallicus; the white-backed woodpecker, dendrocopos leucotos; the middle spotted woodpecker, dendrocopos medius; the European nightjar, caprimulgus europaeus. Besides, are large area at the site is occupied by biotopes of open upland swamps, sphagnous birch forests, mesotrophic swamps and upland swamps covered by pine forests.

DESIGNATION:
Part of the site has a national nature protection status. Designation of a new speciallly protected area  is not planned

OTHERCHARACT:
The area is situated in the the Luninets and Gantsevichi Regions of the northern part of the Brest Oblast, in the Pripyat Polesye phisiograhic district. It is a woodland and wetland comlex in the interfluve of the Lan and Tsna rivers interfluve. The area is heavily moinstened due to high level of groundwater occurrence. It is very important for feeding regional rivers and swamps and maintenance of the weather and climatic conditions. Almost the entire area is heavily drained by the Plyasa, Krinichnaya, Strizhevsky, Zaozerye canals. Pine and birch forests prevail. The area is characterized by forest islets among swamps, many of which are hardly accessible. Wetlands of all three main types are present there, with lowland swamps prevailing.


DOCUMENTATION:
Passport of IBA “Turovskiy Lug”Management Plan for IBA “Turovskiy Lug”, Minsk, 2012

QUALITY:
The Turaw meadow is highly important for wading birds during the spring migration, when more than 200,000 waders migrate through the area. Large masses of spring migrants stay there from several days to a week or more depending on the flood intensity and weather conditions. Up to 200,000 waders may accumulate in the area simultaneously (IBA criterion A4iii).  Besides, the area is a breeding ground of more than 10% of the national population of the Terek sandpiper, xenus cinereus; about 1% of the national population of the white-winged tern, chlidonias leucopterus; and the black tern, chlidonias niger; the great snipe, gallinago media; the black-tailed godwit, limosa limosa; about 30% of the national population of the common ringed plover, charadrius hiaticula.

OTHERCHARACT:
The IBA area comprises a floodplain meadow section on the right bank of the Pripyat River. A large part of the area is covered with open meadows partially exposed to shrubbery overgrowth. The area also comprises two large oxbow lakes. During springtime flood season the area is completely flooded. The main economic activity is cattle and geese grazing.


QUALITY:
The area is highly important for waterfowl during the spring migration season, when more than 50,000 waders migrate through this area. Large masses of spring migrants stay there from several days to a week or more depending on the flood intensity and weather conditions. Up to 20,000 waders may accumulate in the area simultaneously (IBA criterion A4iii). Approximately 1% of the national population of the corn crake, crex crex; more than 1% of the national population of the great white egret, casmerodius albus; the great snipe, gallinago media; the black tern, chlidonias niger; the common kingfisher, alcedo atthis; the black-tailed godwit, limosa limosa; garganey, anas querquedula, breed there.

DESIGNATION:
A part of the area is included into the lands of the Vetkovskiy local reserve

OTHERCHARACT:
The IBA area comprises the floodplain and part of the valley of the Sozh River. The floodplain is 5-6 km wide in the area. The floodplain is double-sided, left bank or alternating. Open, inter alia dry steppe meadow biotopes prevail. The riverbed has retained its natural condition; the width is 50-90 m, the course is winding, with numerous oxbow lakes. Forests occupy are minor area. There is an adjacent large forest, the Chechersky Reserve, to the east of the site.


QUALITY:
The fish farm ponds provide a major breeding ground for a number of waterfowls: the common pochard, aythya ferina (up to 5% of the national population); the gadwall, anas strepera (more than 2% of the national population); the Eurasian bittern, botaurus stellaris; and the white-tailed eagle, haliaeetus albicilla (more than 2% of the national population), up to 10% of the national population of the great white egret, casmerodius albus; about 1% of the national population of the little bittern, ixobrychus minutus; the common crane,  grus grus; the Eurasian eagle-owl, bubo bubo. More than 20,000 waders accumulate at the area water bodies during the migration season.

DESIGNATION:
A part of the area belongs to the Buslovka Republican Reserve. Some species habitats have been placed under protection

OTHERCHARACT:
The area comprises a set of ponds of the Syalets Fish Farm (about 2,500 ha), the Syalets Reservoir (about 2,000 ha), which are located near (to the south of) the Ruzhany Puscha forest, as well as the southern, waterlogged, part of that forest. There are two small rivers with waterlogged floodplains, the Khotova and Radogosch, within that forest.  The ponds are set in a compact group to the south of the forest. Some ponds are heavily overgrown with emergent macrophytes (reed, cattail, club rush). A wide band in the reservoir shoreline is occupied by well-developed stands of emergent macrophytes (cattail, reed, club rush). Alder and birch, as well as dry pine wood prevail in the forest. There are sections of open mesotrophic swamps in forests and river valleys.


DOCUMENTATION:
Certificate of the Schara Floodplain IBA

QUALITY:
The area is of the utmost importance for preserving a globally endangered species, the aquatic warbler, acrocephalus paludicola. More than 1% of the species national population breeds thee. The site is also a key foraging ground of another globally endangered species, the greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga. At least 2 pairs use the area for foraging.

DESIGNATION:
A part of the area belongs to the Vygonoschanskoye Republican Reserve.

OTHERCHARACT:
The area comprises meadows that have retained their natural condition, as well as extensively used and partially re-waterlogged reclamation land in the Schara floodplain The area includes an about 20 km fragment of the river course. The riverbed is natural, meandering, about 20 m wide. The shores are low, peaty and waterlogged.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Certificate of the Polesye Radiation Reserve IBA.2. Expert data.3. Publications4. IPA Factsheet - Polesye Reserve

QUALITY:
This area is unique, as after a long period of intensive exploration there have not been any economic activities carried out there, and the human impact factor has been practically excluded there for more than 25 years. It is a site demonstrating the natural processes of restoration of the environment. At present, the area is a place of concentration of one of the largest populations of the Belaya Vezha Bison, bison bonasus (about 100 animals - 10% of the national population), major populations of large predators: lynx, lynx lynx (about 8% of the national population); wolf, canis lupus; otter, lutra lutra; badger, meles meles (about 7% of the national population) и beaver, castor fiber.  It is a breeding place for more than 10% of the national population of the Eurasian bittern,  botaurus stellaris; more than 2% of the national population of the great white egret, casmerodius albus;  the little bittern, ixobrychus minutus; black stork, ciconia nigra; the Terek sandpiper,  xenus cinereus; more than 3% of the national population of the little tern, sterna albifrons; the collared flycatcher, ficedula albicollis;  about 5% of the national population of the little crake, porzana parva; the corn crake, crex crex; the common crane, grus grus; the ortolan bunting, emberiza hortulana. Such globally endangered species as the greater spotted eagle, aquila clanga (3-5 pairs); the great snipe, gallinago media (20-30 pairs) also breed there; a major population group of the European pond turtle, emys orbicularis, is concentrated there; it is also a habitat for a number of other species. The flora comprises more than 1,200 species of higher vascular plants.

DESIGNATION:
More than 90% of the area belongs to the State Nature Protection Research Institution “Polessie State Radiation and Ecological Strict Reserve”.

OTHERCHARACT:
The reserve is post-Chernobyl evacuation zone. After evacuation, anthropogenic activities were, in fact, completely ceased and human presence in the area was minimized.  At present, about one half of the area is covered by woodlands, and the other is represented by ecosystems floodplain meadows and former agricultural lands. Former agricultural lands are heavily waterlogged (reclaimed lands) and overgrown with forest and shrub vegetation. A fragment of the floodplain of lower reaches of the Pripyat River is situated in this area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Certificate of the Marochna IBA Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) Marochna

QUALITY:
The area is primarily important for preserving open and forest upland swamps. At least 1% of the national population of the short-toed snake eagle, circaetus callicus, and the European nightjar, caprimulgus europaeus, and a number of other protected species breed there. A part of the area is a Ramsar site.

DESIGNATION:
A part of the area has a national nature-protection status: local-level reserves of Morochno and Stupskoye; a part of the area is a Ramsar site.

OTHERCHARACT:
The area is situated in the Stolin Region at the south of the Brest Oblast, along the Ukrainian border. It makes a part of the Marochna transboundary wetland complex. The Marochna is one of the largest set of upland swamps in the Polesye. The swamps occupy the central part of the site with mostly pine and small-leaved forests surrounding it along the perimeter.


DOCUMENTATION:
Certificate of the Nalibokskaya Puscha IBAN.A. Kukhorenko, P.A. Mitrakhovich “Biological Resources of the Naliboksky Reserve”, Vestnik BGU, Ser.2, 2008, No. 8, pp. 102-107.Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No. 150, dated 14.02.2012

QUALITY:
All the habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of peat and other minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The territory is one of the biggest single woodlands in Belarus, which intersperses by small rivers and brooks. The reserve is located away from the cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the single large woodland as the habitat of numerous hunting animal species, the most valuable breeding ground of hoofed animals including bison.

DESIGNATION:
The entire area belongs to the Naliboksly Republican Landscape Reserve.Protection of some habitats of protected species has been assigned to land users.

OTHERCHARACT:
The reserve is a single woodland in the interfluve area of the Nioman tributaries of the Berezina and the Usy. Most of the territory is occupied by flat-rolling glaciofluvial plain, where temporary or constantly overmoistened soils prevail. About 20 rivers start in the territory of the reserve, there is the Kroman Lake. Coniferous forests prevail in vegetation cover, there are floodplain sedge meadows along the rivers. One of the most valuable sites of the reserve is the Isloch River, which is one of the key habitats of Salmo trutta. There are quite a lot of spring and spring brook outflows on the abrupt banks of the Isloch, where maple and linden forests grow with the complex of nemoral grass vegetation. The flora of the reserve includes 917 species of vascular plants, 23 of them are included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. 266 species of vertebrate animals inhabit the territory of the PNA, one of them is cyclostomatous, 30 species of fish, 10 amphibians, 6 reptiles, 172 species of birds, 44 mammals. One of the biggest populations of bison in Belarus concentrate in the territory of the reserve.


QUALITY:
The condition of the population is satisfactory. All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

DESIGNATION:
The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitats of wild plant species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The obligations are the documents with the requirements for the special protection regime for wild plant species included to the National Red List of Belarus. They are delivered by the territorial body of the Ministry of Natural Resource to the users of land plots and (or) water bodies, who will protect identified habitats of these plants (Regulation on the transmission of habitats of wild plant and (or) animal species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus under the protection of the users of land plots and (or) water facilities approved by Resolution of Council of Ministers No 638 of May 18, 2009 as amended by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 622 of July 12, 2013).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the site of the Ptich River valley in its upper reach, where Angelica palustris growth has been registered. The population concentrates in the river floodplain in the area of sedge mixed-grass lowland meadow.


QUALITY:
The area is an essential for breeding of a globally endangered species, aquila clanga, the great spotted eagle – about 3% of the national population. It is also a breeding place for more than 2% of the national population of the Eurasian bittern,  botaurus stellaris; about 1% of the white-tailed eagle, haliaeetus albicilla; the short-toed snake eagle, circaetus gallicus; and the Eurasian eagle-owl, bubo bubo. Such species as the black stork, ciconia nigra; osprey,  pandion haliaetus; the common crane, grus grus; the great grey owl, strix nebulosa; the great snipe, gallinago media; the white-backed, dendrocopos leucotos, and three-toed picoides tridactylus woodpeckers, etc., also breed there.

DESIGNATION:
A part (about 5%) of the area is under protection. Re-waterlogging program is implemented for a part of the area (depleted peat fields).

OTHERCHARACT:
The area is a large woodland and wetland complex in the basin of the Chyvonaye Lake and Sluch River. The area also includes the Chyrvonaye, or Knyaz-Ozero, the largest lake in the Polesye, with a total water surface area of 43.8 km2, as well as a complex of re-waterlogged, submerged peat fields (25 km2). A part of the area is occupied by peat fields and agricultural lands in use. Deciduous (mostly alder and birch) forests prevail, with broad-leaved forest on dry ridges and islets.


DOCUMENTATION:
Актуальные проблемы ресурсопользования Брестской области /В.Т. Демянчик [и др.]. – Минск: Беларус. навука, 2011 -   299 с.http://virtualbrest.by/news3530.php

QUALITY:
The territory of the site is the largest in Belarus and one of the largest places of wintering of Barbastella barbastellus and a number of other protected species of chiropterans: Myotis dasycneme, Myotis nattereri, Eptesicus nilssonii and others in continental biogeographical region.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is entirely artificially reprofiled area with relative height exceeding up to 15 m. The main features of the area were formed in 1912-1915 during the construction of A fort. The fort consists of two large two levels’ casemate underground shelters with total area of over 1 thousand m2: northern casemate and southern casemate. There is a ditch of width of 5-20 m that is swamped at its southwestern part. The eastern part of the ditch hasn’t been preserved because of open pit ground works. In 1990s till the collapse of the Soviet Union elements of anti-aircraft missile subdivision were dislocated here. After the withdrawal of the elements the cave microclimate favorable for the wintering of most chiropterans with high humidity up to 95% and temperature above zero of 1-5 C was formed in abandoned constructions. The inner surface of the reserve is mainly covered with trees with the prevalence of box elder and locust tree. There are also European ash-tree, English oak, linden, willow, elm.


DOCUMENTATION:
Міхальчук М.В. Венерын чаравічак сапраўдны ў Брэсцкім і Прыпяцкім Палессі. – Брэст, Выдаведства С. Лаўрова, 2002. – 136 с.

QUALITY:
The significant part of the site territory is covered with hornbeam-oak broadleaved forest (G1.A1). The following species of birds are found here: Dendrocopos  medius, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos and others. The territory of the reserve is one of the most important habitats of Cypripedium calceolus. There are up to 1500 specimens here. A number of other species of orchids grow here as well.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a detached site of forestland with the prevalence of broadleaved species. The considerable part of the territory is occupied with broadleaved forest. The northern part is swamped. There are agricultural areas along the outskirts. Natural or poorly transformed territories occupy over 70 % of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Аспекты рационального природопользования в Брестской области [Текст] / Н. В. Михальчук [и др.] ; рец.: А. А. Волчек, А. С. Мееровский, Г. А. Соколов ; Национальная академия наук Беларуси, Белорусский республиканский фонд фундаментальных исследований, Полесский аграрно-экологический институт. - Минск : Беларуская навука, 2013. - 259 с. : граф., табл.Міхальчук М.В. Венерын чаравічак сапраўдны ў Брэсцкім і Прыпяцкім Палессі. – Брэст, Выдаведства С. Лаўрова, 2002. – 136 с.Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1070 of July 16, 2010 “On the National Biological Reserve “Lukovo”

QUALITY:
The territory of the reserve is one of the most important places of Cypripedium calceolus (over 2000 specimens) and a number of other species of orchids. The following species are also found here: Dendrocopos  medius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Lanius collurio and others

DESIGNATION:
Biological Reserve of National Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
The large territory of the reserve is covered with woodland. Secondary warty birch woods prevail as well as indigenous white birch and sedge woods in lowland bogs. The most valuable are the preserved fragments of hornbeam-oak woodlands at mineral islands. Pine woods is widely spread in the northern and northwestern parts. There are sites of open lowland bogs among the woodtland.


DOCUMENTATION:
А ТЛАС  Охраняемых  видов  позвоночных  животных,  сосудистых  растений,водорослей  и  грибов  города  Бреста  /  А.В.  Абрамчук  [и  др.]  под  общ.  ред.  А.В.  Абрамчука. -  Брест, 2015  :  Аль тернатива.  -  1 12  с.  :  ил.

QUALITY:
The territory of the site is of great importance for such species of plants as Aldrovanda vesiculosa. One of the largest cenopopulations of this species in Belarus is concentrated here. The site is also important for such biotopes as C1.226, C1.225 and others. Over 10 protected species of birds inhabit the territory of the site.  Botaurus stellaris, Porzana parva, Crex crex, Alcedo atthis, Dendrocopos medius and other birds nest here. The number of Ixobrychus minutus is 1% of the national population.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the site is a fragment of flood plain of the river Mukhovets, which is located within Brest. This territory is divided into 4 sites of the area of from 119 up to 270 ha. Although the river-bed has been significantly transformed by the creation of a number of reservoirs, the flood plain within the site mostly remains in natural or close to natural condition. Aquatic and wetland ecosystems (about 70 %) prevail within the site, shrubby forest and brushwood occupy about 20% of the area, improved pastures occupy about 10% of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Особо охраняемые природные территории Беларуси. Справочник / Н.А. Юргенсон, Е.В. Шушкова, Е.А. Шляхтич, В.В. Устин, ГНПО «Научно-практический центр НАН Беларуси по Биоресурсам»,. – Минск: ГУ «БелИСА», 2012. – 2012. – 204 с.Домбровский В.Ч.  редкие  виды  хищных  птиц  Белорусского  Полесья / В.Ч. Домбровский, Д.В. Журавлев, Л. Демонгин // Subbuteo. – 2001. – т. 4, № 1. – C. 11–24.Домбровский, В.Ч., численность,  распространение  и  экология гнездования большого подорлика (Aquila clanga) в Беларуси / в.ч. Домбровский, В.В. ивановский // орнитология. – 2005. – № 32. – с. 57–70.

QUALITY:
The common species in the territory are Castor fiber and Lutra lutra. About 20 species of the fauna of the territory have international and/or national nature protection status. The following species nest here: Aquila clanga, Aquila pomarina, Circus aeruginosus, Botaurus stellaris, Ciconia nigra, Crex crex, Grus grus and a number of other species. The number of some species is or is about 1% of the national population. These are the following species: Dendrocopos leucotos, Picus canus, Grus grus, Bubo bubo.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site territory is a large forest bog complex on the border with the Ukraine. The southern border of the site lies on the frontier of the Republic of Belarus and the Ukraine. Woodland ecosystems prevail in the territory of the site (about 87% of the area, including forest bogs). The rest of the territory is occupied by open lowland and transition bogs, reservoirs and waterways. The stream-gauging network is represented by the lake Beloye and canals, the biggest of which is the Beloozerskiy canal. These two reservoirs determine many aspects of the hydrological regime of the territory. Deciduous swamped woodlands mostly represented by indigenous birch and alder woods prevail among forest ecosystems and occupy about 60% of the area of woodlands. Pine forest occupy about 40% of the woodlands. Fragments of broad-leaved hornbeam-oak woods with a touch of maple, linden and other species are also found here. Over 90% of the territory are natural or slightly transformed territories.


SITENAME:
Berezina Valley with Chernevskiy and Chernevichskiy Reserves

DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities for the Chernevichsliy Reserve are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Chernevichskiy Republican Landscape Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Minister of the Republic of Belarus No 68 of 24.01.2005). Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities for the Chernevskiy Reserve are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Chernevskiy Republican Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Minister of the Republic of Belarus No 1833 of 27.12.2007). Бурко Л.Д., Гричик В.В. Позвоночные животные Беларуси: Учеб. пособие. – Мн.: БГУ, 2003.К.В. Земоглядчук МАЛАКОКОМПЛЕКСЫ ПОЙМЫ РЕКИ БЕРЕЗИНА

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation, as the activities associated with the change of hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry activity is restricted. The territories of the reserves are hardly available, they are located away from cities, highways, industrial facilities. The goal of the establishment of the reserves is conservation of natural landscape complexes of the Berezina River valley and bog forest ecosystems undisturbed by hydrotechnical reclamation, habitats of fauna and flora species, associated with highly humid territories.  The territory is important for a whole series of floodplain forest and scrub biotopes and for a number of fish species such as Aspius aspius, Eudontomyzon mariae, Pelecus cultratus, Cobitis taenia, Cottus gobio and others. The common species of the site are Castor fiber and Lutra lutra. The avifauna of the territory is inhabited by over 10 species of birds of international nature protection status. The following species nest here: Aquila pomarina, Crex crex, Grus grus, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, Ficedula parva and a number of other species. The territory is also of special importance for preservation of Vertigo angustior.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes two reserves of national importance: the Chernevichskiy Landscape Reserve (10180 ha) and the Chernevskiy Biological Reserve (1026.5 ha). The Chernevichskiy Reserve includes two forest areas on the left- and right-bank terraces of the Berezina River, the Berezina floodplain and its tributaries of the Bobr, Mancha and Usha in their lower reaches, raised bog. The reserve is mainly wooded, mossy and heathy pinewoods on the terraces prevail, there are fragments of upland oak forests, old spruce forests, birch forests and aspen forests. In the terrace near part there are areas of floodplain oak forests. Black alder forests grow in the floodplain and along creases with the participation of broad-leaved species in the stand composition. Vast areas of right-bank part are occupied by pine forests on raised bogs. The floodplain is characterized by complicated relief with numerous alluvial ridges, bayous. Lowland and mesophytic dry meadows are widespread here. The flora consists of 526 species of vascular plants, 41 species of bryophytic. The Chernevskiy Reserve includes highly humid bog forest complex. Especially valuable ecosystems are old-growth pine forests on raised and transition bogs, old spruce forests and birch forests with the complex of species of boreal flora. The flora of the reserve includes 414 species of vascular plants. The site consists of the fragment of the Berezina river valley in its middle reach of the total length of over 40 km and the width of from 1 to 5 km between the towns of Borisov and Berezino and the fragment of woodlands with the complex of upland bogs (the Reserve Chernevichskiy). The fragment of the river-bed of the length of over 40 km is located within the site. The river-bed with its average width of about 50-100 m remains in its entirely natural condition. The river forms numerous meanders, large and small bayous. The territory is indented a lot by creases. There are a lot of inundable bayou lakes within the territory of the site. The territory is difficult of access because of numerous bayous and creases. In spring the significant area is flooded by floodwaters. Woods and scrub forest prevail within the territory (65%), meadows occupy about 15% of the area. Bogs, reservoirs and waterways occupy about 20% of the area. The significant area of the site territory is occupied by upland broad-leaved and floodplain woods. 80% of the area are natural or slightly transformed territories.


DOCUMENTATION:
Заповедные территории Беларуси. Справочник / Сост. П.И. Лобанок. – Минск: Беларус. Энцыкл. ім П. Броўкі, 2008.  –  416 с.

QUALITY:
Over 400 species of vascular plants grow here, including protected species such as Huperzia selago, Platanthera bifolia, Salix myrtilloides, Listera ovate, Festuca elatior. Bog pine forests are the most valuable in this territory. Grus grus, Dendrocopos leucotos and Caprimulgus europaeus are also found here.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of the National Biological Reserve

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes swamped land of Ulitsa area, mainly covered with pine woods.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.The establishment of the Gaby Local Wetland Reserve is scheduled for 2016. The territory in Minsk Region includes bog forest areas, which have been registered as the Gaby peat deposit (cadastral number 13) and included to the list of bogs subject to particular and (or) special protection, registered in the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1111 dated 30.12.2015 “On some questions in the field of conservation and rational (sustainable) use of pear lands” for the period till 2030 (http:/www.government.by/ru/solutions/2349).Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Virzhi Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Dokshitsy District Executive Committee No 1584 of 27.11.2008).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation. Activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction minerals, erection of business facilities within the water protection area) are prohibited within the territory of existing reserve (will be prohibited within the territory of the prospective reserve).The territory is hardly available, it is located away from cities, highway, industrial facilities. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the large raised bog massif with the complex of flora species typical for heavily domed bog massifs of oligotrophic type, which can only be found in the northern part of Belarus and here it is located on the southern border of the geobotanical areal.

DESIGNATION:
The establishment of wetland reserve of local importance is being scheduled.The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitat of Natura 2000 (Regulation on the transmission of typical and (or) rare natural landscapes and habitats under the protection of the users of land and (or) water bodies) (approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 611 of July12, 2013).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the large bog forest area of Gaby, which is slightly disturbed by felling and draining. It is located in Myadel District of Minsk Region, the part of the territory is situated in Dokshitsy District of Vitebsk Region, where the Virzhi Local Hydrological Reserve was established. Open suffruticous-cottongrass-sphagnum raised bogs prevail here. The relief is ridge-hollow. There are dystrophic lakes among bog area. The sites of transition grass-sphagnum bogs stretch along the periphery. The open bog massif is changed to waterlogged pine and birch forests. The bog flora species of Rubus chamaemorus and Oxicocсus microcarpus, which are protected in Belarus, grow within the territory.


DOCUMENTATION:
Красная книга  Республики Беларусь Растения. Минск: «Беларуска Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі»  2015.Міхальчук М.В. Венерын чаравічак сапраўдны ў Брэсцкім і Прыпяцкім Палессі. – Брэст, Выдаведства С. Лаўрова, 2002. – 136 с.

QUALITY:
Hornbeam-oak woods (G1.A1) occupy the significant area of the site. The following bird species are found here: Dendrocopos medius, Grus grus and others. The site teriitory is a very important habitat for the following species: Coenonympha oedippus,  Maculinea teleius,  Maculinea nausithous as well as for growth of Cypripedium calceolus. There are over 100 plants of this species here. A number of other orchid species grow here as well.

DESIGNATION:
The teriitory of the site has the status of Biological Reserve of Local Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
This territory is a fragment of woodlands in the interfluve area of the rivers Pina and Pripyat with the prevalence of broad-leaved species. The northern part is swamped. Natural or slightly transformed territories form about 50% of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Resolution of Belynichi District Executive Committee No 23-53 dated 22.11.2006

QUALITY:
The territory is the most important for preservation of the biotopes of bog pine forest, raised and transitional bogs.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of Hydrological Reserve of Local Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
This territory is a swamped land mostly of raised and transitional types. The lake Chernoye is located in the middle of it. Bog pine forests prevail here.


DOCUMENTATION:
Заповедные территории Беларуси. Справочник / Сост. П.И. Лобанок. – Минск: Беларус. Энцыкл. ім П. Броўкі, 2008.  –  416 с. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1833 dated 27.12.2007

QUALITY:
Bog pine forests are the most valuable in this territory.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of Biological Reserve of National Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the swamped land Kopysh mostly covered with pine forests.


DOCUMENTATION:
Заповедные территории Беларуси. Справочник / Сост. П.И. Лобанок. – Минск: Беларус. Энцыкл. ім П. Броўкі, 2008.  –  416 с. Красная книга  Республики Беларусь Животные. Минск: «Беларуска Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі»  2015.

QUALITY:
Bog pine forests are the most valuable in this territory. Moreover, the territory is one of the ten known places in Belarus where Boros schneideri is found. Ciconia nigra, Grus Grus and Dendrocopus leucotos also inhabit this territory.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the Reserve is a bog and forest complex  with the prevalence of bog coniferous woods and also with the sites of transition mires.


QUALITY:
Bog pine forests are the most valuable in this territory. The sites of transition mires and raised bogs are also of great importance here. Cypripedium calceolus grow here as well.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the reserve is bog and forest lands on the bend of the river Ptich. The main part of the territory is occupied by the north-western part of the bog Porechskiy Mokh. Coniferous woods prevail on the bog, deciduous woods are widespread in the outskirts.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Staritsa Republican Laqndscape Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 143 of 27.02.1997).Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation as the activities associated with change of hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. The goal of the reserve is conservation of natural landscape complexes of the Dnepr River valley. All the territory is an important habitat of bird species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus and protected according to international conventions, in particular Gallinago media.The floodplain is used for grazing and haymaking. There are no overgrazing signs (excessive pasturing, poor flora, soils erosion). Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the Republican Landscape Reserve “Staritsa” (2033 ha) and part of the Dnepr Rover valley outside the PNA (riverbed, floodplain, site of the firs and partially the second terraces above floodplain on the left bank). The prevalent ecosystems are floodplain meadows and mesotrophic and mesoxerophythic meadows.  There are small areas of floodplain oak and black alder ash forests flooded during seasonal flooding in the terrace near part. The floodplain is two-sided, includes fragments of terraces ridges, numerous waterlogged creases and bayou lakes of the width of 0.7-3.5 km. Floodplain meadow communities prevail. There are mesotrophic and mesoxerophythic meadows on the ridges and residuals of the terrace. 308 species of higher vascular plants have been registered in the territory of the reserve.


QUALITY:
The fragment of the trans-border swamped land Bolshoy Mokh with the prevalence of transition and raised bogs is the most valuable in the territory. Bog pine forests are widespread along the swamped land.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the southern part of the trans-border swamped land Bolshoy Mokh and the part of the forest along the bog. The most valuable site is located on the border with the Russian Federation. Coniferous woods and transition and raised bogs prevail here.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Luninskiy Republican Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 142 dated 27.02.1997).

QUALITY:
The territory is characterized by convenient transport access. There is a children summer camp on the bank of the Beloye Lake. The local population actively visit the territory for mushrooms and berries collecting. There is a high percentage of forest cultures in the reserve, created in different periods. The age of some forest cultures is 60-90 years. The habitats are characterized by rather high degree of conservation as activities associated with the change of landscape and hydrological conditions are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. Lobelia dortmanna is a species of high historical value for this region, it is included in the emblem of local towns and Luninets. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the area of coniferous, small-leaved and broad-leaved forests, the oligo-mesotrophic Beloye Lake with the complex of rare and endangered plant species, included to the Red List of the Republic of Belarus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a large woodland with two closed lakes. The Beloye Lake is an oligo-mesotrophic reservoir with wide sandy littoral, where Isoetes lacustris and Lobelia dortmanna grow (the most southern habitat of these species in Belarus). The Chornoye is a sapropelic reservoir, which is heavily overgrown. Hornbeam oak forests, waterlogged black alder forests, old-growth pine and birch forests on mineral soils are especially valuable forest communities of the PNA.


QUALITY:
Broad-leaved hornbeam-oak woods (G1.A1) occupy the significant area of the territory of the reserve. The following species of birds are found here: Dendrocopos  medius, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucoto and others. Besides, over 10 species of plants included to the National Red List of Belarus also grow here.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of the Landscape Reserve of National Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is an island woodland that is located to the north of Novogrudok. The prevalent vegetation type in the territory of the reserve “Novogrudskiy” is forest vegetation. Coniferous, broad-leaved and mixed broad-lived woods are of the special importance here. The forest of the reserve is mostly represented by spruce and pine phytocenosis. The flora of the reserve includes over 540 species of tracheophytes and 146 species of land vertebrate animals, among which there are 28 species of mammals, 108 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles and 6 of amphibians.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Strelskiy Republican Landscape Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 282 dated 23.02.1999).

QUALITY:
The territory is of special importance for preservation of a number of rare biotopes associated with river floodplains (floodplain forests, bayou lakes, meadows etc.). There are over 10 species of protected animals in the territory of the reserve. The following rare species of birds inhabit the territory:  Botaurus stellaris, Ixobrychus minutus, Alcedo atthis, Sterna hirundo, Sterna albifrons and others. Among protected mammals Meles meles, Muscardinus avellanarius are found here. Emys orbicularis and Bufo calamita also inhabit the territory. The flora of the territory is very rich. Many protected species of plants grow here and are found only in several places in Belarus. These are Daphne cneorum, Pyrethrum corymbosum  and others. Overall, there are over 20 species of protected plants including Cypripedium alceolus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the site lies in the lower reach of the river Pripyat and includes a 20-km part of the river-bed and floodplain of the river and the sites of the terraces above the floodplain. The river-bed Pripyat separates the reserve in two parts. The river-bed is slightly curved with numerous bayous. The largest of them are Starik, Litvin, Berestovo, Kolochye. The right bank is located within Mozyr Highland (vertical drop with the river-bed is up to 40m). The left bank is low-lying with wide floodplain. Forest vegetation occupies about a half of the territory, the significant part is occupied by floodplain meadows, 10% is agricultural lands on the terraces and about 5% is reservoirs and streamflows. Dry meadows reminiscent of steppe are located in the open part of the floodplain together with the bogged parts. Floodplain forests are represented by broken oak and willow forests. The forests off the floodplain are mostly represented by pine forests.


DOCUMENTATION:
Лукашевич В.Н. О находках «краснокнижных» видов флоры и фауны Беларуси на территории «Букчанского» заказника-клюквенника республиканского значения и его окрестностях // Проблемы сохранения биологического разнообразия и использования биологических ресурсов: Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции и X зоологической конференции. Часть 1. Сб. науч. работ // Под общей ред. М.Е Никифорова – Минск, ООО «Мэджик», ИП Вараксин, 2009 – 164-166.ОТЧЕТ О НИР «Разработка научных основ создания банка биологического и ландшафтного разнообразия потенциальных особо охраняемых природных территорий на основании анализа состояния флоры и фауны восточного Полесья с целью обеспечения его более устойчивого функционирования, организации туризма и экологического воспитания населения (заключительный)»,  УО МГПУ имени И. П. Шамякина 2014.

QUALITY:
The most valuable biotopes in this territory are transition and raised bogs including bog pine forests. The territory is important for preservation of such species of birds as Grus Grus  (over 2% of national population), Ciconia nigra, Circus cyaneus, Circaetus gallicus, Asio flammeus (about 1% of national population).  Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, Strix nebulosa, Bubo bubo, Dendrocopos leucotos also nest here, Emys orbicularis inhabit the territory. The territory is also one of the few known places inhabited by Lucanus cervus and Coenonympha oedippus. There are over 10 species of protected plants included to the National Red List in this territory. The following species also grow here: Pulsati patens,  Cypripedium calceolus. The territory is one of the most important places of the growth of Rhododendron luteum.

DESIGNATION:
Most of the territory has the status of the Reserve of National or Local Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
This territory is a large bog and forest complex with the prevalence of raised and transition bogs. Large areas of transition and raised bogs are of special importance. The stream-gauging network is represented by a number of canals on the periphery parts of the bog. There are open bogs (prevail) as well as forest bogs.


QUALITY:
There are fragments of Quercus - Fraxinus - Carpinus betulus woodland (G1.A1), Enclave Picea abies forests (G3.1F), transition mires (D2.3) and other biotopes. The following species of mammals are found here: Canis lupus, Castor fiber; birds: Grus grus, Ciconia nigra, Dendrocopos  medius, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Picoides tridactylus, Picus canus and others.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of the Biological Reserve of Local Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a fragment of woodlands in the upper reaches of the river Dkhlovka. The significant part of the area (over 90%) is covered with forests: about 50% with coniferous forests including bog pine forests and about 50% with deciduous forests including broad-leaved. Bogs occupy about 5% of the territory. The territory lies in the basin divide between the basins of the river Mukhovets and the river Lesnaya.


DOCUMENTATION:
Отчет НИР: «РАЗРАБОТКА ПЛАНА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКАНСКИМ ЗАКАЗНИКОМ«КОТРА» (ЭТАП2014 ГОДА) (промежуточный). ГрГУ им. Я. Купалы, 2014 г.А. В. Рыжая.  НАСЕКОМЫЕ КЛЮЧЕВОГО БОЛОТА МОТОРА (ЗАКАЗНИК «КОТРА», БЕЛАРУСЬ) // Nature  of  Polissia:  research  and  conservation.  Materials  of  international  scientific-practical  conference  dedicated  to  the  15th  anniversary  of the  Nature  Reserve  “Rivnenskyi”  and  the  10th  anniversary  o f the  Ramsar  site  "Perebrody  Peatlands"  (Sarny,  3-5  July  2014)  /  Edited by Zhuravchak R.O. - Rivne, JSC  "Rivne printing house", 201c.572-575

QUALITY:
Western taiga biotopes occupy significant part of the territory – G3.B (55%), Fennoscandian waterlogged deciduous woods G1.B3 occupy 11% and alluvial woods with alnus and fraximus G1.21 ocuupy 11%, Boreal bog conifer woodland G3.D occupy 10%. Besides, the following bird species inhabit the territory: Grus grus, Ciconia nigra, Dendrocopos  medius, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Picoides tridactylus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea and others. The territory is an importany habitat for the following species of plants: Liparis loeselii, Pulsatilla patens, Drepanocladus vernicosus, there is one of ten known in Belarus habitats of Boros schneideri.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of Landscape Reserve of National Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
The Kotra Reserve is situated in the western part of Belarus, in the north of Shchuchino district of Grodno region and borders on the Republic of Lithuania. The territory of the Reserve stretches to the northeast, its width is from 2.5 to 7 km and its length is 32 km. In general, the surface of the territory is even, absolute altitude is rarely over 130 m. In the river valleys, waterlogged lowlands and lake encroachment lines the altitudes decrease up to 80-90 m. Forest vegetation prevail (about 90%), bogs and reservoirs occupy about 6% of the territory. The main streamflow that drains the territory of the reserve is the river Kotra. It flows on the border with Lithuania and limits the territory of the Reserve in the north. The territory is inhabited by 125 species of terrestrial vertebrate animals, 26 of them are mammals, 86 are birds, five are reptiles and eight are amphibians. 635 species of higher vascular plants grow here.


QUALITY:
There are Quercus - Carpinus broad-leaved forests (G1.A1), constantly wet (waterlogged) Fraxinus - Alnus forests (G1.21), boreal and boreonemoral Alnus woods (G1.B3) and slow-flowing rivers with mesotrophic and eutrophic vegetation ( C2.34) in the territory. The following species inhabit the territory: Ciconia nigra, Grus grus, Pernis apivorus, Aquila pomarina, Bubo bubo, Alcedo atthis, Dendrocopos medius, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea and others. The territory is an important habitat of Cypripedium calceolus and Pulsatilla patens.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a fragment of woodland in the Issa river-basin. Over 90% of the territory is covered with forests, mainly pine forests. Bogs and reservoirs occupy about 3%. The territory combines the patterns of raised hill-morenal-erosion and secondary medium-altitude fluvio-glacial landscapes drained by the river Issa with its numerous small tributaries many of which have spring complexes. Forest, bog, bog meadow species prevail here. 22 species of mammals inhabit the territory, which is 30% of their overall composition in the territory of Belarus. 120 species of birds have been also registered here.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Stronga Republican Landscape Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1634 dated 26.10.1998).

QUALITY:
The habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation, as the activities associated with the change of the landscape and hydrological conditions are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities and recreational use are restricted. The territory is situated close to the military training area. The local population visit the territory for mushrooms and berries collecting. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is protection of forest ecosystems with the complex of wild plant species, included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus and (or) protected according to international conventions valid in the Republic of Belarus, as well as their habitats; protection of the upper reaches of the small rivers.

OTHERCHARACT:
The natural core of the reserve are the small rivers of Lokhozva, Derevyanka, Issa (riverheads and their upper reaches), brooks. The rivers flow in slightly worked out picturesque erosion valleys, where groundwaters wedge into their slopes. The brooks mainly flow out of springs, the rivers also have spring wells. Forest vegetation cover over 90% of the reserve territory. Pine forests on dry and fresh mineral soils prevail. 13 species of rare and endangered wild plants, which are included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus, grow within the reserve. 202 species of animals inhabit the territory, among them 20 species are included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus.


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of peat and other minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The reserve is situated away from the cities, highways, industrial facilities. About 500 species of vascular plants grow in the reserve, as well as 460 grass and suffruticous species. There are 18 species of shrubs and subshrubs, 17 trees, 11 species are included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. 145 species of vertebrate animals inhabit the reserve, 11 of them are included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the landscape complex with the populations of protected plant and animal species, as well as valuable forest plantings.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Reserve is situated on glaciolacustrine plain, which was formed in place of the periglacial lake. The surface relief is mainly flat, complicated by river valleys, ravines, lake basins, kame and morenal hills. The ridge of sandy dunes extends throughout the territory from the south to the north. The territory is drained by the rivers Luchosa, Chernitsa, Verkhita, Uzmenka, numerous forest brooks. About 90% of the territory is covered with coniferous and small-leaved forests. Among especially valuable forest communities there are old-growth dry spruce and pine forests, coniferous-broad-leaved forests with the presence of oak, ash, maple, elm, indigenous black alder forests on lowland bogs.


QUALITY:
Quercus - Carpinus betulus broad-leaved woodland (G1.A1) occupy significant area of the territory. The following bird species inhabit the territory: Milvus migrans, Pernis apivorus, Dendrocopos  medius, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Ficedula albicollis and others.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a fragment of woodland on the water-parting of the river Dnepr and its left tributary the river Sozh. Over 99% of the territory is covered with forests including coniferous and coniferous broad-leaved forests. Bogs and other lands occupy about 1 % of the territory.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Ezerische Local Biological Reserve (Decision of Gorodok District Executive Committee No 1464 of January 19, 2007).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, erection of business facilities within the water protection area) are prohibited within the reserve.60 species of birds nest in the territory of the Reserve. Ichtyofauna consists of over 25 species. The goal of the establishment of the Reserve is to protect the lake Ezerische with the complex of habitats of many bird species. The Reserve is a transborder territory that is located on the border with Pskov Region of the Russian Federation.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is located within the Biological Reserve of Local Importance “Yezrische”. The core of the Reserve is the eutrophic lake Yezerische. Maximum depth of the lake is 11.5 m. The hollow slopes of the height of 5-25 m are mainly tilled, partially under hayfields. The southern and eastern shores are flat, waterlogged in some places. The shores are sandy, the bottom is hogbacked (there are many cavities and shelves) and sandy up to the depth of 4-6 m, lower the bottom is sapropelic. There are 20 islets of the total area of 0.67 km2 in the lake. The rivers Ognesh and Dubovka flow into the lake the river Obol flows out of it. Submergent vegetation is spread up to the depth of 2-2.5 m. The width of aquatic vegetation stripe from the shore is up to 120 m.


DOCUMENTATION:
Regulation on the Reserve establishment has been prepared, approval is scheduled for 2016

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation. The territories are located away from cities, highways and industrial facilities. The meadows are used for grazing and haymaking. There are no overgrazing signs (excessive pasturing, flora depauperization). All meadow communities within this territory have natural origin, so they do not replace felled forests but are formed in waterlogged territories of the river Oster floodplain and the sites that are no longer of floodplain regime. Almost all meadows are valuable ecosystems meeting the requirements of Natura 2000 biotope categories. The goal of the establishment of the Reserve is to protect the nature complex including the ecosystems of open natural meadows in river valleys. The nature complex of the Oster River valley, that includes the Reserve, is transborder and stretches out of the Belarus borders as far as the territory of Smolensk Region, Russia.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Reserve includes The Oster River valley with the floodplain and two terraces above the floodplain. The floodplain has a complex structure. Low floodplain areas with waterlogged and moist meadows border with dry islets covered with xerophythic and mesophythic meadows. There are many high ridges of wind-blown alluvial sands on the terraces. In the floodplain there are small lakes of new creases. The prevalent ecosystems are mesophythic hay meadows.


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the Drissa River valley (riverbed and water protection area). The valley is trapezium-shaped, trough-shaped in some places, featureless lower than the fall of the Nischa River. The width of the river valley is 0.2-0.5 km in the upper and middle reach, of 1-1.5 km in the lower reach. The floodplain is flat, two-sided, often waterlogged, of the width of 0.1-0.5 km. It covered with willow stand, sedge and sedge mixed-grass communities. During seasonal flood it is flooded as deep as 1-2.5 m. The river course is circuitous. The width of the river in low-water period is 25-45 m. The banks are abrupt and very abrupt, steep in some places, of the height of 0.5-5 m, up to 15 m in the middle reach, mainly composed of sandy soil. Bottom soils are sandy, sandy-loam, muddy, peaty in some places, there are islets from boulder pebble deposits. There is mainly immersed, semi-immersed and floating vegetation adapted to middle and low flow conditions, mainly well warmed up in summer waters (Potametalia and Lemnetalia minoris vegetation). Immersed and semi-immersed Batrachion fluitantis vegetation is widespread in the rush of the river in its upper and middle reach, where the river heavily meanders. There are old-aged coniferous and small-leaved forests within the water protection area, small fragments of oak forests. Tall-grass lowland meadows are spread, there are transition mires.


QUALITY:
The lake is running-water, the river Chernitsa and four brooks flow into it, small river connecting Losvido with the Tsyganova Lake (eutrophic) flow out of the lake. The Losvido Lake is used as recreation site (the holiday camp “Losvido”, sport center). Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

OTHERCHARACT:
The Losvido Lake is a mesotrophic charophyte reservoir. Maximum depth is 20.2 m. Fragments of quill wort thicket are formed in the littoral zone up to the depth of 5 m. The northern and western bays are overgrown with immersed and floating vegetation. It consists of Najas marina and Najas minir thickets. Hollow slopes of the height of 4-15 m are partially ploughed. The shores are of the height of 0.5-1.5 m, abrasion in some places, low in the northwest and southwest, partially waterlogged. The width of shallow waters area is 5-25 m, the width in bays is 200-250 m along the southern and southeastern shores. The bottom in the near-shore area is sandy up to the depth of 6 m. There are sand pebble deposits and boulders on the bottom in the east and in the north.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities for natural monument are regulated according to Regulation of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection No 23 of March 18, 2008).Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

QUALITY:
Economic activities that cause essential damage to the main ecosystems functioning, change historical and cultural appearance of the landscapes and violate esthetic qualities of the protected site are prohibited within the territory of the hydrological natural monument of national importance. The natural monuments limits are set in such a way that provides maximum conservation of landscape integrity of the natural site.The spring is used by the local population for water collection, spring outflows are equipped with overflow launders in some places. The width of water protection zone of the natural monument is 150 m.

OTHERCHARACT:
“Yutskovskiy Spring” is hydrological natural monument of national importance. It is quite a rare for Belarus spring type with fresh-water limestone. The spring complex is located in deep incised ravine, lateral erosion and sheet wash processes are active. This territory also includes the sites of the Ussa River and its separate tributary brooks flowing out of the springs.  The floodplain of the river is locally represented, the valley is mainly canyon-shaped, the banks are steep with numerous spring waters outflows. The current of river is rush, there are many boulder and pebble deposits in the streambed. Fragments of old-aged spruce and black alder forests with rich grass vegetation in the ground cover grow on the bank slopes.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Surmino Local Biological Reserve (Decision of Gorodok District Executive Committee No 1462 of January 19, 2007).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling except sanitary felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The lake Issa is extremely difficult to access.There are 516 species of vascular plants, 11 of them are included to the National Red List of Belarus, 177 species of vertibrate animals (15 species of fish, 9 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 119 species of birds, 29 species of mammals) in the territory of the reserve.The goal of the establishment of the reserve is to protect the lake Beloye (Surmino) that is of rare for Belarus inflow type with the complex of rare species of plants. The reserve is transborder area located on th border with Pskov Region of the Russian Federation.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is located within the Biological Reserve of Local Importance “Surmino”. The core of the reserve are the lakes of different types of inflow. They are the oligotrophic mesotrophic lake Beoye (Surmino) where Isoetes lacustris grows, the eutrophic lake Chernoye, the dystrophic Issa. The complexes of continental dunes covered with coniferous forest occupy significant part of the reserve. Among dune knobby relief small-leaved forests and bogs are widespread on the kettles and hollows. Besides, the territory includes the sites of the rivers Obol and Chernuya. Especially valuable natural ecosystems are also sedge moss transition bogs located along the lake basins, waterlogged old-aged small-leaved forests along the rivers and kettles around the lakes.


DESIGNATION:
The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitat of Natura 2000 (Regulation on the transmission of typical and (or) rare natural landscapes and habitats under the protection of the users of land and (or) water bodies) (approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 611 of July12, 2013).The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitats of wild plant species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The obligations are the documents with the requirements for the special protection regime for wild plant species included to the National Red List of Belarus. They are delivered by the territorial body of the Ministry of Natural Resource to the users of land plots and (or) water bodies, who will protect identified habitats of these plants (Regulation on the transmission of habitats of wild plant and (or) animal species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus under the protection of the users of land plots and (or) water facilities approved by Resolution of Council of Ministers No 638 of May 18, 2009 as amended by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 622 of July 12, 2013).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes bog forest area with the eutrophic lake Myortvoye. The ecosystems of open quacking transition bogs and waterlogged birch forests prevail here. Saxifraga hirculus grow in the transition mire.


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. The forests are difficult to access, the woodland is slightly fragmented by felling, there are isolated felling places in the southern part of the territory in the dry land. Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes bog woodland with the Pizhevka River and the brooks that flow into it. The ecosystems of open transition mires, waterlogged pine and birch forests prevail here. There is a site of raised bog in the head of the Pizhevka River, the floodplain is mainly waterlogged, transition and lowland sedge bogs are widespread. There are mineral islets with mixed spruce small-leaved forests among waterlogged areas, where oak, linden, elm, maple grow. There are also plantings of old-aged pine and spruce forests of boreal appearance, derived from them birch and aspen forests. In the northwest there is a dystrophic lake.


OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the part of the Saryanka River valley with the Asunitsa tributary (head of the rivers and their water protection zone) from the border with Latvia as far as the river flows into the Zapadnaya Dvina River. The valley is twisting, trapezium-shaped, of the width of 0.2-0.35 km. The floodplain is broken, alternates on the banks. The banks are abrupt, steep in some places, indented by ravines with brooks and spring waters outflows. The river bed is twisting of the width of 5-25 m. Bottom soils are sandy and sandy-loam, there are many boulder pebble deposits. Immersed and Semi-immersed vegetation adapted to growing in the conditions of heavy circulating and badly warmed up in summer waters is widespread (Batrachion fluitantis vegetation). There are old-aged pine and small-leaved forests, tall-grass lowland meadows, transition mires within the water protection area.


OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the part of the Svolna River valley (the riverbed and its water protection zone) from the border with the reserve “Krasnyi Bor” as far as it flows into the Drissa River.The valley is twisting, mainly trapezium-shaped, of the width of 0.6-1.5 km. The floodplain is broken, of the width of 0.1-0.3 km. The riverbed is heavily meandering of the width of 18-20 m. The bottom soils are sandy, sandy-loam, muddy and peaty. Immersed, semi-immersed and floating vegetation adapted to growing in the conditions of middle- and weakly-circulating and mainly well warmed up in summer waters is widespread (Potametalia and Lemnetalia minoris vegetation). There are old-aged broad-leaved and small-leaved forests, tall-grass lowland meadows, transition mires within the water protection zone.


OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the Uzhitsa River valley (head of the river and its water protection zone). The valley is twisting, trapezium-shaped, of the width of 0.1-0.3 km. The floodplain is fragmented, broken, alternates on the banks. The banks are abrupt, steep in some places, indented by ravines with brooks and spring waters outflows. The riverbed is heavily meandering of the width of 1-10 m. Bottom soils are sandy and sandy-loam, there are many boulder pebble deposits. Immersed and semi-immersed vegetation adapted to growing in the conditions of heavily circulating and badly warmed up in summer waters is widespread (Batrachion fluitantis vegetation). There are coniferous and small-leaved forests, tall-grass lowland meadows within the water protection area.


DOCUMENTATION:
The list of animals included to the Red List for Krupsk Forestry.The list of animals included to the Rd List for Vydritsa Forestry.Forest of High Nature Protection Value of Krups Military Forestry.

QUALITY:
The territory is important mainly for the conservation of forest biotopes: G1.21, G1.51, G1.B3, G3.A, G3.B, G3.D. The following bird species inhabit the territory: Circaetus gallicus, Grus grus, Ciconia nigra, Bubo bubo, Dendrocopos leucotos, Picoides tridactylus, Picus canus and others.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of the Hydrological Reserve of Local Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a woodland located in the interfluve area of the river Bobr and its tributaries the Mozha and the Yelenka. The central part of the site is the Velikoye Boloto bog area. Most of the territory including the bog area is covered with forest vegetation. Coniferous forest prevail here, deciduous forests are widespread in floodplains of the rivers. The river floodplains are mainly low, waterlogged in some places, open, their width is from 50 to 500 m. The riverbeds remain in their natural state and meander heavily.


DOCUMENTATION:
Regulation of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No. 1694 of January 27, 2007 «On the Omgovichskiy Republican Biological Reserve»

QUALITY:
The most valuable for this territory are bog pine forests (G3.E) as well as boreal and boreal-nemoral alder forests (G1.B3) and bog (sphagnum) birch forests (G1.51). The following species of birds nest in the territory of the reserve: Grus grus, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Caprimulgus europaeus and others.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of the Biological Reserve of National Importance

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a fragment of the bog forest area in the water-parting line of the Sluch River and the Ptich River. It includes peat area Mikulino-medynskoye. Over 95% of the territory is covered with forest vegetation. Bog coniferous forests prevail here, waterlogged alder and birch forests occupy the significant area.


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014). There is a traditional regime of floodplain meadows using for grazing and haymaking in the floodplains of the Besed’ and Zhadunka outside bank line areas, which contributes to open meadows conservation. There are no overgrazing signs (excessive pasturing of grass cover, poor flora, soil erosion).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the part of the Besed’ River valley and its tributaries the Zhadunka and the Deryazhnya (head of the rivers and their floodplains). The floodplain of the Besed’ is two-sided, meadow, waterlogged in some places, slotted by tributaries and creases, of the width of 0.3-0.5 m. The riverbed is heavily twisting and brunched, as wide as 0.3-0.7 km. The banks are abrupt, often steep and as high as 2 m or more. The average height of the seasonal flood is about 3m. The floodplains of the Zhadunka and the Deryazhnya are also meadow, plain, two-sided, of the width of 0.2-0.5 m. The riverbeds are twisting, sandy, of the width of 0.5-0.10 km. Immersed and semi-immersed Potametea vegetation is widespread in the rivers (including Batrachion fluitantis vegetation in the rivers of Zhadunka and Deryazhnya).


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan. The Wetland Reserve of Local Importance “Nescherdo” is planned to be established.

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of peat and other minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The usage of the lake is also restricted. The reserve is situated away from cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of one of the biggest lakes in Belarus. It is one of the favourite places for water fowl nesting.

DESIGNATION:
The Wetland Reserve of Local Importance “Nescherdo” is planned to be established.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the lake hollow with the lake Neschedro and adjacent to it bog forest areas.The lake Neschedro is eutrophic, its area is 24.62 km2. The height of the hollow slopes are 5-10 m. the hollow slopes are terraced, covered mainly with forest, merge together with morenal hills in the south and in the north. The banks are mainly low, waterlogged, quagmire in the bays, overgrown with sedge and willow stand. The deepest point is 8.1 m in the northern part. There are 3 islets in the lake of the total area of 0.23 km2. The width of the shoreline is up to 200 m, the shoreline is sandy, further sapropelic. The reservoir is overgrown a lot in the shoreline with floating vegetation. Thickets of immersed vegetation are widespread. There is the dystrophic lake Brondo within the territory, old-aged waterlogged small-leaved forests grow here. There are fragments of pine and birch forests on mineral soils that ore over 90 years old.


SITENAME:
Bog Forest Complex in Krivinka River Valley

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation. The territory is one of few undrained bog areas in the terrioy of Beshenkovichi and Senno regions. The area occupies a large area, but its significant part was drained earlier and used for agriculture and peat exploration. The forests are difficult to access, the woodland is slightly fragmented by felling. The habitats of protected plant species are not disturbed.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the bog forest area in the Krivinka River valley in the territory of Beshenkovichi and Senno regions. Waterlogged pine and birch forests prevail here; there are mineral islets with spruce broad-leaved planting among them. Cypripedium calceolus also grows here. There is a site of the semi-open subshrub sedge sphagnum transition bogs, where Oxicoccus microcarpus and Salix myrtilloides grow. They are included into the National Red List of Belarus.


OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes a part of the Nischa River valley (the riverbed and its water protection zone) from v. Klyastitsy to its influx to the Drissa River.The valley is twisting.mainly trapezium-shaped, of the width of 0.1-0.2 km. The floodplain is often two-sided, alternates in the banks, absent in the lower reach. The riverbed is twisting of the width of 25-30 m. Bottom soils are sandy, sandy-loam, there are many boulder pebble deposits, sandy and pebble islets. Immersed, semi-immersed and floating vegetation is spread that is adapted to growing in the conditions of middle and heavily circulating mostly well warmed up in summer waters (Potametalia vegetation). There are old-aged coniferous and small-leaved forests, tall-grass lowland meadows, transition mires within the territory of the water protection zone.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities for natural monument are regulated according to Regulation of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection No 23 of March 18, 2008).

QUALITY:
Economic activities that cause essential damage to the main ecosystems functioning, change historical and cultural appearance of the landscapes and violate esthetic qualities of the protected site are prohibited within the territory of the hydrological natural monument of national importance. The spring is used by the local population for water collection, spring outflows are equipped with overflow launders in some places. The width of water protection zone of the natural monument is 150 m.

OTHERCHARACT:
“Svyatye Krinitsy” is a rare type of springs as the vast quaggy area is located not near the base of the hill, which is typical for most springs, but on the slope of it near the top. There are deposits of calcareous tuff in the springs. There are rare species of plants and animals in the territory of the natural monument. The borders of the hydrological natural monument of national importance are set in such a that provides maximum conservation of landscape integrity of the natural site.


SITENAME:
Bog Forest Area "Ushlovskoye - Bely Ostrov - Esmonovskiy Mokh"

DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities for the Ushlovskoye Reserve are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Ushlovkoye Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Belynichi District Executive Committee No 23-53 dated 22.11.2006).Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities for the Esmanovskiy Mokh Reserve are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Esmanovskiy Mokh Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Belynichi District Executive Committee No 23-49 dated 28.11.2007).Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities for the Bely Ostrov Reserve are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Bely Ostrov Local Wetland Reserve (Decision of Krupki District Executive Committee No 1391 dated 24.12.2014).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the hydrological regime within the reserves are prohibited, forestry activities are restricted. The reserves are difficult to access, situated away from cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of the establishment of the reserves is conservation of the bogs and waterlogged forests as the regulators of the hydrological regime of the region and the level of ground waters in the adjacent territories, conservation of the resources of berries and medical plants, habitats of flora and fauna species connected with excessively humid territories. These forest and bog territories are the traditional places of berries and mushrooms harvesting for the local people.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes three reserves of local importance: the hydrological reserve “Ushlovskoye” (881 ha) and “Esmonovskiy Mokh” (3793 ha), the wetland reserve “Bely Ostrov” (2953.5 ha). The PNA have been created within one large bog woodland fragmented by raised in relief morenal plain. The ecosystems of open raisd and transition bogs, waterlogged pine and birch forests prevail here. The bogs are situated within the water collection of he Drut’ River; the territory includes the dystrophic lake Zaozyorskoye and flowing out of it the Kleva River.


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)Part of the territory is reserved for the establishment of the landscape reserve of local importance for conservation of rare for Belarus type of landscape with loessial clay-loam and chalk rocks deposits, of the complex of calciphilous flora.

DESIGNATION:
The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitats of wild plant species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The obligations are the documents with the requirements for the special protection regime for wild plant species included to the National Red List of Belarus. They are delivered by the territorial body of the Ministry of Natural Resource to the users of land plots and (or) water bodies, who will protect identified habitats of these plants (Regulation on the transmission of habitats of wild plant and (or) animal species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus under the protection of the users of land plots and (or) water facilities approved by Resolution of Council of Ministers No 638 of May 18, 2009 as amended by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 622 of July 12, 2013). The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitat of Natura 2000 (Regulation on the transmission of typical and (or) rare natural landscapes and habitats under the protection of the users of land and (or) water bodies) (approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 611 of July12, 2013).The establishment of the Mstislavlskiy Landscape Reserve of Local Importance is being scheduled.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes a part of the Vikhra River valley within the borders of Belarus (the riverbed, its tributpries and their water protection zone).The valley is twisting, trapezium-shaped, its width is 0.3-0.5 km. The floodplain is two-sided, formed along the whole part, covered with sedge and mesophytic mixed-grass meadows, partially waterlogged; there are several bayou lakes. The banks are indented by ravines with brooks and spring waters outflows. The riverbed is twisting of the width of 10-25 m. Bottom soils are sandy and sandy-loam. Immersed and semi-immersed vegetation adapted to growing in conditions of heavily circulating and badly warmed up in summer waters is spread (Batrachion fluitantis vegetation). There are small-leaved forests, tall-grass lowland meadows, lowland bogs within the water protection zone. The river crosses loessial landscape of the eastern part of Belarus; ravine and gully network, where chalk rocks crop up to the daylight surface, is developed on the valley slopes. The natural complex in the valley of the river Vikhra is of transborder nature and stretches outside the borders of Belarus to the territory of Smolensk Region of Russia.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Tiostenskiy Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Gorodok District Executive Committee No 419 of 21.04.2009)Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction minerals, clear felling in the water protection zone, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. Restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones within the river Ovsyanka, the lakes Medesno, Vedrinskoye, Alekseyevskoye and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)The territory is transborder and located on the border with Smolensk Region of Russia.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the hydrological reserve of local importance “Tiostenskiy” (its area is 557.7 ha, the Tiosto lake and its water protection zone), part of the Ovsyanka River valley with lakes and bogs. Especially valuable natural ecosystems are the Ovsyanka River, eutrophic lakes Tiosto, Medesno, Vedrinskoye, Alekseyevskoye (the habitats of Trapa natans that is protected species and forms dense thicket), slightly disturbed waterlogged coniferous and small-leaved forest areas that are difficult to access. The river valley is trough-shaped of the width of 0.3-0.4 km. The slopes are smooth or moderately abrupt; their height is 4-8 m, up to 20 in some places. The floodplain is two-sided, mainly waterlogged, its width is 0.1-0.3 km, during season flooding it is flooded as deep as 1m. The riverbed is moderately twisting, in low-water season the width of the river is 5-10 m. The banks and bottom soils are sandy-loam and peaty; there are washed sand pebble islets in the riverbed. There are plant communities with the prevalence of Berula erecta in the river; they form vast thicket in some places, that cover most of the riverbed.The lakes are eutrophic, heavily overgrown with floating and submergent vegetation (Potametea and Lemnetea communities).


QUALITY:
The Viliya and its tributaries are the main habitat of the salmon in the territory of Belarus. All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes part of the Viliya River valley with the tributaries (the rivers Oshmyanka in its middle and lower reach, the Tartak, the Bystritsa, the Gozovka, the Senkanka and the brooks) as well as their water protection zones. The Viliya valley is twisting, well developed; 1-2 terraces above the floodplain are formed almost along the whole valley. The floodplain is broken of the width of 30-70 m; there are creases. Many tributaries flow out of springs, a few springs and spring-water brooks are located in the territory of Grodno District. There is a stripe of tall-grass riparian and aquatic vegetation along the entire length of the banks. There are mainly abrupt slopes in the banks covered with mixed coniferous small-leaved and coniferous broad-leaved forests. The tributaries have freely meandering riverbeds that are fast flowing with transparent (down to the bottom) badly warmed up in summer water with neutral and weak acid violent reaction (pH 5.5-7). Bottom soils are sandy and pebble. These rivers freeze up rarely in winter. The average depth is about 1 m. Vegetation cover is represented by communities of aquatic vegetation adapted to growing in heavily circulating, fast flowing rivers with constantly cold water (Ranunculion fluitantis of Potametea group).The water in the Viliya is of different levels of transparency, well warmed up in summer, with neutral or weak alkaline violent reaction (pH is 6.5 and more). Bottom soils are sandy, sandy-loam and muddy. There are sandy and pebble islets along the banks and among the riverbed.The brooks flow out of the springs. In general, there are many spring complexes in the Viliya valley. The Viliya and its tributaries are the main habitat of the salmon in the territory of Belarus.


QUALITY:
The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the lake Richi. The northern part of the lake is situated in Latvia and is a part of the natural park “Silene”. There are no industrial facilities, big highways within the water collection area; the populated localities network is insignificant. Because of its location on the frontier the lake isn’t used intensively for recreation pur-poses.

OTHERCHARACT:
The lake Richi is an oligo-mesotrophic reservoir that possesses the unique relict fauna of invertebrates. It is the second deepest lake in Belarus with maximum depth of 51.9 m. Isoetes lacustris grows in the lake. The ichthyofauna includes 22 species of fish.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.The establishment of the Zaborovskiy Mokh Wetland Reserve of Local Importance is scheduled in 2020.The territory includes bog forest area, that  is registered as the peat deposit Zaborovskiy Mokh (cadastral number 234) and included to the list of bogs subject to particular and (or) special protection, registered in the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1111 dated 30.12.2015 “On some questions in the field of conservation and rational (sustainable) use of pear lands” for the period till 2030 (http:/www.government.by/ru/solutions/2349).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of peat and other minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities within the water protection area) are prohibited within the reserve. The reserve is situated away from cities, highways and industrial facilities. The territory is hardly available. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the raised bog area with the complex of flora species typical for high-domed oligotrophic bog area that is found only in the northern part of Belarus.The bog is used by the local population for cranberries collecting.

DESIGNATION:
The establishment of the wetland reserve of local importance is scheduled for 2016.The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitat of Natura 2000 (Regulation on the transmission of typical and (or) rare natural landscapes and habitats under the protection of the users of land and (or) water bodies) (approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 611 of July12, 2013).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the bog forest area Zaborskiy Mokh that is slightly disturbed by forest felling and drainage. Open subshrub cottongrass sphagnum raised bogs afforestated with pine prevail here. The relief is ridge-pool. There are overgrown dystrophic lakes among bog area. Narrow stripes of transition grass sphagnum mires stretch along the periphery. Open bog area is changed to pine and birch waterlogged forests. Protected in Belarus species of bog flora grow within the territory (two protected species: Rubus chamaemorus and Oxicocсus microcarpus).


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Krivoye Republican Hydrological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1833 of December 27, 2007).

QUALITY:
The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the unique lake landscapes of Belarus, oligo-mesotrophic reservoir with the relict fauna of aquatic invertebrates and the complex of rare and endangered plant species populations. The hydrological regime of the lake hasn’t been disturbed, the use of the reservoir and its water protection zone is restricted.

OTHERCHARACT:
The lake Krivoye is oligo-mesotrophic, which is rare for the territory of Belarus. Maximum depth of the lake is 31.5 m. The height of the slopes is 10-50 m; they are sandy-loam and clay-loam. The territory includes the esker ridge, part of which forms the headland in the lake, kame and morenal hills, two islets in lake covered with forest. The lake is of high transparency, weakly overgrown; there are fragments of the emergent vegetation stripe of the width of 5-10 m. In general, immersed vegetation grow as deep as 6-8 m. The littoral area is sandy; thinned thickets of Isoetes lacustris grow there. Part of the water collection that is included into the PNA is mostly open, meadow, used for grazing.Forests occupy about 25% of the territory. The flora includes 485 species of higher vascular plants, 6 of them are include into the Red List of Belarus. The fauna includes 69 species of nesting birds, 23 species of mammals.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Yanka Republican Wetland Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 71 of 04.02.2015).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities within the water protection area) are prohibited within the reserve. The territory is hardly available. The goal of the establishment of the reserve is conservation of the large bog forest area with the prevalence of raised bogs with the complex of plant communities typical for boreal bogs.There is a site of old peatery in the central part, where now the bog ecosystem is being restored.

OTHERCHARACT:
There is one of the biggest in the republic raised watershed bog Dolbenishki (4436.8 ha) in the central part of the reserve, which is rich in peat with increased concentration of bitumen. This wetland site is of international importance. The sites of broad-leaved forests, old-aged spruce forests, pine and birch forests on the swamped land, the dystrophic lakes Osvyata and Dolbenishki are also valuable objects of the PNA.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Tyrvovichi Republican Hydrological Reserve (Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 75 of February 03, 1995).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. Activities associated with the change of the hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the natural landscape complexes of the Styr’ River valley and the woodland that is a habitat of wild plants and animals included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus and protected according to international conventions valid in Belarus.

DESIGNATION:
New protection status is not cinsidered.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is situated within weakly drained area of the alluvial terraced landscape in the Styr’ River valley in its lower reach; the territory merges with the Pripyat River valley. It is mainly waterlogged; black alder forests grow here. There are small sites with dune relief on dry residuals of the terraces, where pine and pine broad-leaved forests grow. Hornbeam and oak forests grow on rich soils high in carbonate content in the central and southwestern parts of the reserve. The reserve is a habitat of large population of Cypripedium calceolus and Emys orbicularis.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Belaya Rus Republican Landscape Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 71 of February 04, 2015).

QUALITY:
The territory is characterized by big landscape diversity, convenient transport availability, which predetermines a high recreational potential. The local people actively visit the territory for mushrooms and berries collecting. The habitats are characterized by quite high degree of conservation as the activities associated with the change of landscape and hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities and recreational use are restricted.The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of natural landscapes of the central highlands of the Belorussian ridge in their natural state, conservation of boreal forest plant communities, wild plants and animals species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus as well as their habitats.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is characterized by hilly relief with prominent height differences and located within the highland of the central part of the Belorussian ridge. It is fully covered with forest, taiga (western taiga and European) pine forests (subors and pinewoods). Ground waters seep out in some places in hills slopes, which form small scattered spring bogs with seasonal brooks. The flora includes 453 species of wild plants, 8 of them are protected. 81 species of birds inhabit the territory, 15 species are of high European Conservation Concern (SPEC).


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation as the activities associated with change of hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. The reserve is situated in territory exposed to radioactive contamination and use of this territory is regulated by the Law of the Republic of Belarus dated 26.05.2012 “On Legal Regime of Territories Exposed to Radioactive Contamination after Chernobyl NPP Disaster”. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of natural landscape complexes of Eastern Belarus, the Besed’ River valley, habitats of wild plants and animals species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus and protected according to the international conventions valid in the Republic of Belarus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the local biological reserve “Vetkovskiy” that is located in the site of the Besed’ River valley and small-hilled plain. The surface of the plain is overstructured by suffosian kettles, hollow-ravine dissection. Dry pine forests on mineral soils prevail in the plant covering of the reserve. In flora complex boreal species are inferior to nemoral and forest steppe species in their number. There are areas of broad-leaved and broad-leaved small-leaved mixed forests in the southern and eastern parts within the low-sloped morainic hill chain. The floodplain is crossed by numerous ravines, creases, bayou lakes. It consists of two levels: the low (1.5-3.0 m above low water line) and the high (3-4.5 m) of the width of 0.8-3.0 km. Floodplain meadow and lowland bog communities prevail. There are mesotrophic and mesoxerophythic meadows on the ridges and residuals of the terrace. Willow tree thickets have been formed along the riverbed and riverine part of the floodplain. In the terrace near part there are black alder forests flooded during seasonal flooding.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Treskovschins Republican Landscape Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 71 of February 04, 2015).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation as the activities associated with change of hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted.The goal of establishment of the reserve is protection of landscapes with springs; protection of heads of small rivers.

OTHERCHARACT:
The natural core of the reserve are numerous spring bogs gelokrens. All springs remain in natural state, they are not used by the population as they are difficult to reach and extremely quacking. Subsurface water outlets are located on the slope of morenal ridge and flow into the river Isloch. The river is deep embedded in terrain, the floodplain is fragmented, the riverbed is heavily twisting. The territory is entirely covered with forest, middle-aged spruce forests with rich grass cover and black alder forests prevail here. On the low-slope area there is a site of broad-leaved forest.There are 475 species of higher vascular plants. The fauna consists of 99 land vertebrate animals, among them 15 species of mammals, 76 species of birds, 3 of reptiles, 5 of amphibians and 5 of fish. The Isloch River is one of the habitats of Salmo trutta morpha fario and Thymallus thymallus.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Bytenskiy Local Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Pukhovichi District Executive Committee No 2910 of October 28, 2008).

QUALITY:
The habitats are characterized by rather high degree of conservation as activities associated with change of landscape and hydrological conditions are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. The territory is difficult to access, it is situated away from cities and highways.    The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of deciduous woodland in the river valley with the complex of rare and endangered plant species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a large woodland in the Ptich River valley. Young and middle-aged small-leaved forests on lowland and transition bogs and on soils of moderate humidity prevail. There are broad-leaved species in the tree standing.  Waterlogged pine forests grow in internal-drainage kettles. There are sites of spruce small-leaved forests and hornbeam oak forests in the mineral islets with clay-loam and sandy-loam soils. Sedge flood meadows, lowland bogs, willow thickets are spread in the Ptich floodplain.


SITENAME:
Cherikovskiy Reserve and Sozh River Valley

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation as the activities associated with change of hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of natural landscape complexes of the Sozh River valley and the unique woodland that is a habitat of wild plants and animals species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus and protected according to the international conventions valid in the Republic of Belarus. The floodplain is used for grazing and haymaking. There are no overgrazing signs (excessive pasturing, poor flora, soils erosion). Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the Cherikovskiy Local Landscape Reserve located within large woodland and part of the Sozh River valley outside the PNA (the riverbed and floodplain). Dry pine forests and derived from them birch forests on the river terraces and residual of the glaciofluvial plain prevail in the plant covering of the reserve. In flora complex boreal species are inferior to nemoral and forest steppe species in their number. There are sites of floodplain oak forests and black alder broad-leaved forests flooded during seasonal flooding. In general, the territory of the reserve is rich in forest rivers and brooks, it is waterlogged in some places. The bogs are of lowland and transition types. The floodplain is two-sided, crossed by ravines, creases, bayou lakes. It consists of two levels: the low (1.5-2.5 m above low water line) and the high (3-4 m) of the width of 0.5-1.5 km. Floodplain meadow communities prevail. There are mesotrophic and mesoxerophythic meadows on the ridges and residuals of the terrace. 667 species of higher vascular plants have been registered in the territory of the reserve, 11 of them are included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Pridvinye Local Biological Reserve (Decision of Vitebsk District Executive Committee No 343 of 03.03.2009).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation as the activities associated with change of natural landscape and hydrological regime are prohibited. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of habitats of species populations included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The populations of protected species are in satisfactory condition.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is situated within the Biological Reserve of Local Importance “Pridvinye”. The PNA is located in the valley of the Zapadnya Dvina River with the Shevinka River tributary. Moss and oxalis pine forests prevail here. There are fragments of broad-leaved forests with oak trees in the ravines and in the Shevinka River floodplain. Cypripedium calceolus, Pulsatilla patens grow in the reserve. There is the only known population of Viola elatior in the territory of Belarus.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.The establishment of the Wetland reserve of local importance “Velikiy Mokh Yukhovichskiy” is scheduled for 2016.

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities within the water protection area) are prohibited within the reserve. The territory is hardly available and situated away from cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of raised bog area with the complex of flora species typical for well-raised oligotrophic bogs that are found only in the northern part of Belarus. Local population uses the bog for cranberries collecting.

DESIGNATION:
The territory is included to the lands reserved for PNAs of local importance establishment according to the Regional Scheme of rational allocation of specially protected natural areas of local importance in Vitebsk region for 10 years (since 2014). The establishment of the Velikiy Mokh Yukhovichskiy Wetland Reserve of Local Importance is scheduled for 2016.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the bog forest area “Velikiy Mokh Yukhovichskiy” that is slightly disturbed by felling and draining. Open or subshrub cottongrass sphagnum raised bogs slightly afforested by pine. The relief is ridge-pool. There are mineral islets with pine and pine birch forests of the age of over 150 years among the bog area. The narrow stripes of transition grass sphagnum bogs stretch along the periphery. Open bog area alternates with waterlogged pine and birch forests. The bog flora species protected in Belarus grow within the territory (there are two protected species: Rubus chamaemorus and Oxicocсus microcarpus).


DOCUMENTATION:
Особо охраняемые природные территории Беларуси. Справочник //Н.А. Юргенсон, Е.В. Шушкова, Е.А. Шляхтич, В.В. Устин, ГНПО «Научно-практический центр НАН Беларуси по биоресурсам».  – Минск: ГУ  «БелИСА», 2012 – 204 с.

QUALITY:
The territory is important mainly for conservation of transition and raised bogs biotopes as well as bog coniferous forests. The following bird species inhabit the territory: Circaetus gallicus, Pluvialis apricaria, Grus grus, Ciconia nigra, Bubo bubo, Aegolius funereus, Dendrocopos leucotos, Picoides tridactylus, Picus canus etc.

DESIGNATION:
About half of the territory (50%) has protection status: republican (26%) and local (24%)

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a large bog forest complex situated in the interfluve of the rivers Mozha-Beryozka-Oslivka. The central part of the site is occupied by the Dobovoye bog area. Transition and raised bogs prevail here. There are open bogs as well as forest bogs. There are mineral ridges and islets among the bogs. Three rather large lakes: Kosmachevskoye, Yelozhinskoye and Sredneye occupy the northern part of the bog area. Woodland with the prevalence of coniferous forests prevail in the southern part.


DOCUMENTATION:
Абрамчук А.В. Видовое разнообразие заказника “Гусак” в Малоритском районе. // Проблемы сохранения биологического разнообразия и использования биологических ресурсов: Материалы Международной научно–практическая конференции. Часть 1. Сб. науч. Работ / Под общей ред. М.Е. Никифорова – Минск,    ООО «Мэджик», ИП Вараксин, 2009. С. – 7-10.

QUALITY:
There have been identified 204 species of vertebrate animals in the territory of the reserve, 32 of them are protected. Birds is the most numerous class – there are 148 species. Avifauna is the richest and most diverse among the vertebrate animals of the reserve.  About 120 species of birds as well as 12 protected species nest or possibly nest in the territory of the reserve. There are such species of birds as Haliaeetus albicilla, Dendrocopos  medius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Dendrocopos medius and other. The number of such species as Grus grus, Ciconia nigra, Bubo bubo is 1% or more of the national population.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is large woodland in the basin of the river Rita. Over 90% of the reserve territory is covered with forests. Coniferous forests including bog pine forests prevail. Waterlogged alder forests, islets of spruce forests, broad-leaved forests are also widespread in the territory. The Rita River as well as a number of small forest brooks and the Gusatskiy canal flow across the territory of the woodland. To the north of the eastern part of the site, near the village of Gusak there is the fish farm “Ruda”.  There are the sites of open lowland bogs among the woodland.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Regulation on the Golubye Ozyora Local Biological Reserve, approved by Resolution of the Smorgon Regional Executive Committee No. 1007, dated 24.05.1994

QUALITY:
The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the habitats of protected species (Pulsatilla patens and Pulsatilla pratensis). All habitats are characterized by a high degree of conservation, as clear felling are prohibited, lake recreational use is restricted.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the woodland with the prevalence of pine forests on mineral soils. The relief is hilly, dissected. The group of hollow lakes interconnected by underground creeks is of special value. Large populations of Pulsatilla patens and Pulsatilla pratensis grow in the reserve.


QUALITY:
So far two species of quillwort have been registered only in the lake Beloye (Azino). The lake is used as recreation site, where the regime is restricted. Environmental protection and restrictions of economic activities are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014).

DESIGNATION:
The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitats of wild plant species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus. Those are the documents with the requirements for the special protection regime for wild plant species included to the National Red List of Belarus. They are delivered by the territorial body of the Ministry of Natural Resource to the users of land plots and (or) water bodies, who will protect identified habitats of these plants (Regulation on the transmission of habitats of wild plant and (or) animal species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus under the protection of the users of land plots and (or) water facilities approved by Resolution of Council of Ministers No 638 of May 18, 2009 as amended by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 622 of July 12, 2013).

OTHERCHARACT:
The Beloye Lake is oligo-mesotrophic reservoir with unique flora. There are formed vast thickets of two species of quillwort: Isoetes lacustris and Isoetes setacea. This is the lake with very clean and transparent (to the bottom) water with weak acid violent reaction (pH is lower than 6.5). In terms of nutrients content the lake is mesotrophic with the oligotrophy characteristics (very poor in nutrients). The lake is low flow, one brook flows out of it. The littoral shelf is formed from clean sand, the shores are sandy.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Dubatovskoye Republican Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation and rational use of boreal raised bog forest ecosystems, habitats of Oxycoccus palustris  as well as wild plant and animal species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The local population use the bog for cranberries collecting.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of Biological Reserve of Local Importance. New protection status is not considered.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes bog forest area of raised and transition types with dystrophic lakes. It is located in the vast hollow among highlands. The relief of the raised bog is ridge-pool and lakelet-pool. Almost the whole bog is covered with pine and birch. There are two mineral islets among the bog. In terms of plant content the bog is of boreal type. Oxycoccus microcarpus grow there. There have been registered 434 species of higher vascular plants. 58 species of birds and 12 species of mammals inhabit the territory.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Yelovskiy Republican Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of peat and other minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities within the water protection area) are prohibited within the reserve. The reserve is situated away from cities, highways and industrial facilities. The whole territory is hardly available. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation and rational use of bog forest ecosystems, habitats of Oxycoccus palustris as well as wild plant and animal species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The local population use the bog for cranberries collecting.The Korytenskiy Canal, which is the right tributary of the Tsna River of the length of 11 km, flows out of the lake Bolshoye Pokamerskoye. The canal was built in 1948.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of Biological Reserve of National Importance. New protection status is not considered.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes bog forest area with two dystrophic lakes (Bolshoye Pokamerskoye and Maloye Pokamerskoye). Most of the territory of the reserve is occupied by raised and transition bogs covered with pine and birch forests. Open bogs are sedge-sphagnum. There are mineral islets with dunes covered with pine forests among waterlogged territories and around the lakes. The lakes are with different shores: the northern are dry sandy on dunes, the southern are waterlogged, quaking. There have been registered 478 species of higher vascular plants, 232 species of vertebrate animals as well as 21 species of rare and endangered birds in the territory of the reserve, there are 24 species of animals included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Korytenskiy Mokh Republican Hydrological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation. The territory is hardly available and situated away from the cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation and rational use of boreal raised bog forest ecosystems, habitats of Oxycoccus palustris as well as wild plant and animal species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The local population use the bog for cranberries collecting.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of hydrological Reserve of National Importance. New protection status is not considered.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes two bog forest areas of raised type with the dystrophic lake Chistik. The shores of the lake are peaty and quaking, the bottom is sapropel. The lake is weakly overgrown; the width of the stripe overgrown by floating vegetation is 5-20 m. The bog relief is ridge-pool, almost the whole area is covered pine. There have been registered 210 species of higher vascular plants. There is one of the biggest Oxycoccus microcarpus in Belarus, Rubus chamaemorus also grow in the reserve.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Lonno Republican Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation. The territory is hardly available and situated away from the cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation and rational use of bog forest ecosystems, habitats of Oxycoccus palustris as well as wild plant and animal species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The local population use the bog for cranberries collecting.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of biological Reserve of National Importance. New protection status is not considered.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the small bog forest area with the dystrophic lake Lonno. The shores of the lake are peaty and quaking, the bottom is sapropel. The lake is heavily overgrown with immersed vegetation; the width of the stripe overgrown by floating vegetation is 5-50 m.  The flora includes 187 species of higher vascular plants. In the reserve there is one of the biggest fructifying populations of Rubus chamaemorus in Belarus.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Moshno Republican Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

OTHERCHARACT:
The reserve includes bog forest area in the hollow of the overgrown and waterlogged lake. The bog is squashy, mainly covered with forest. The flora includes 170 species of higher vascular planrs.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Chistik Republican Biological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation. The territory is hardly available and situated away from the cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation and rational use of bog forest ecosystems, habitats of Oxycoccus palustris as well as wild plant and animal species included into the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus. The local population use the bog for cranberries collecting.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes bog areas of transition type with pine and small-leaved forests. In the mineral islets among the bogs and on the dry lands along the periphery of waterlogged hallows there are sites of spruce, aspen forests, where broad-leaved species also grow. The arctic-boreal species of Rubus chamaemorus grows in the reserve.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Sosno Republican Hydrological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

QUALITY:
The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the Sosno Lake with the complex of wild plant species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the small mesotrophic lake Sosno and the part of its water collection. The area of the lake is 71 ha, maximum depth is 22.9 m. The height of the hallow slopes is up to 12 m, they are mainly bushy. There are several bays, three islets. The shores are low. The bottom is sandy up to the depth of 2-5 m and lower it is covered with ooze. The lake is overgrown by immersed vegetation up to the depth of 4 m. There is a developed stripe of floating vegetation in the bays and around the islets. The width of the overgrowing stripe is 20-170 m. Such rare and protected species as Hydrilla verticillata and Najas minor grow in the lake. There have been registered 220 species of higher vascular plants. 54 species of birds have been specified to inhabit the territory.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Regulation on the Vyshedskaya Nizina Local Landscape Reserve, approved by Resolution of the Gorodok District Executive Committee No. 419, dated 21.04.2009

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling in the lake protection area, erection of business facilities within the water protection area) are prohibited within the reserve.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of Landscape Reserve of Local Importance. New protection status is not considered.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the part of the Ovsyanka River valley with the floodplain with sites of its valley sides. Especially valuable natural ecosystems are the Ovsyanka River, old-growth coniferous and small-leaved forests areas.  Vegetation communities with the prevalence of Berula erecta grow in the river.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan. Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Verkhnevileyskiy Republican Hydrological Reserve (Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No 201 dated 21.03.1996).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of peat and other minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) are prohibited within the reserve.The goal of establishment of the reserve is stabilization of the Viliya River and its tributaries hydrological regime, conservation of the riverhead and the upper reaches of the Viliya, conservation of meadow-bog complexes

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the riverhead and the upper reaches of the Viliya as well as the part of the valley adjacent to the river, which includes the floodplain, fragments of terrace and valley sides. Pine and mixed forests grow on the terraces; the lowest areas of the floodplain are waterlogged. Mesophytic meadows and juniper thin forests are widespread on the raised parts of the floodplain and separate sites of the terraces. The flora of the reserve includes 800 species of higher vascular plants.


DOCUMENTATION:
Regulation on the Mitskevichskiy Local biological Reserve, approved by Resolution of the Smorgon District Executive Committee No. 1207, dated 25.12.2008

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of conservation. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation and rational use of boreal raised bog forest ecosystems, habitats of Oxycoccus palustris as well as wild plant and animal species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. The local population use the bog for cranberries collecting.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes bog forest area of raised and transition types with dystrophic lakes and is located in the vast hallow among highlands. The relief of raised bog is ridge-pool and lakelet-pool. Almost the whole bog is covered with pine and birch. There are two mineral islets among the bog. In terms of vegetation composition the bog is of boreal type. Oxycoccus microcarpus grow here. There have been registered 434 species of higher vascular plants. 58 species of birds and 12 species of mammals were identified to inhabit the territory.


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the hydrological regime are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted within the reserve. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the natural complex in the Sozh River valley, habitats of wild plants and animals species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus and (or) protected according to international conventions that are valid in the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the part of the Sozh River valley with bayou lakes, floodplain meadows and forests, small rivers and brooks, the plain with small hills, pine and mixed forests on mineral soils.


QUALITY:
The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the unique lake landscapes of the northern Belarus and oligo-mesotrophic reservoir. The hydrological regime of the lake isn’t disturbed, reservoir and water protection area use regime is strictly regulated.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Beloye Lake is of oligo-mesotrophic type, which is rare for Belarus. Maximum depth of the Lake is 24.7 m. Hallow slopes are tilled in the northern sector. The western and eastern shores are high, sandy; the northwestern shore is low, peaty. Shallow area is sandy. The lake is of high transparency, the width of the emergent vegetation stripe is 40-50 m. The moss of Fontinalis type is widespread up to the depth of 11 m and forms thick mat cover. Forests occupy over 70% of the water collection territory of the reserve. Ground waters wedge in the hallow slopes and their brooks flow into the lake.385 species of higher vascular plats have been specified here as well as 7 species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus. There have been registered 102 species of vertebrate animals. 10 species of fish, 20 species of zooplankton, 26 species of zoobenthos inhabit the lake.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan. Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to Regulation on the Chiortovo Boloto Local Wetland Reserve, approved by Resolution of the Grodno District Executive Committee No. 953, dated 24.12.2015.

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of peat and other minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited.The territory is hardly available and located away from the cities, highways and industrial facilities. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the large massif of forests and raised bog with the complex of flora species typical for domed oligotrophic bog area, which is found only in the northern part of Belarus and here they are located on the southern border of the geobotanical areal.

DESIGNATION:
The territory has the status of Wetland Reserve of Local Importance. New protection status is not considered.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the bog forest area in the transborder zone with Lithuania. Waterlogged pine and birch forests, semi-open raised bogs prevail. There is the habitat of Rubus chamaemorus, which is the most western in Belarus.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan. Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Vileyty Local Wetland Reserve (Decision of Postavy District Executive Committee No 440 dated 20.05.2013).

QUALITY:
Vileity provides habitat for a significant amount of rare, vulnerable or endangered species of birds, mammals and plants. In the territory of the potential Ramsar site 2 species of mammals, 16 species of birds and 9 species of invertebrates, 6 species of plants from the Red Book of Belarus were registered.

OTHERCHARACT:
This territory is the eastern part of the natural complex located in the transboundary zone of Belarus-Lithuania in the interstream area of the rivers Desna, Myadelka, Birveta and Drisvyata. The site includes a large section of waterlogged forest with a complex of fen and transitional mires, floodplain meadows and marshes, medium and small rivers, oxbow lakes and a system of channels overgrown with woods. It is one of the few little-developed forest-swamp massifs in the north-western region of Belarus. During the spring flood the floodplains are completely waterlogged forming extensive shallow areas favorable for migratory birds. The site is important stopover and migration corridor for wetland birds. Rivers Myadelka and Drisvyata are important migration paths of adult eel Anguilla anguilla from lakes of Braslav and Naroch groups to its spawning grounds, migrating through the Baltic Sea.


QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of conservation. Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is located in the Nioman River valley. It includes the site of the riverbed, floodplain and terrace. The prevalent ecosystems are floodplain meadows, lowland bogs, xeromesophytic meadows, floodplain deciduous forests.


OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is situated in the valley of the Pronya River. It includes the part of the riverbed, floodplain and terrace. The prevalent ecosystems are floodplain and mesophytic meadows.


OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is situated in the valley of the Ubort River. It includes the part of the riverbed, floodplain and terrace. The prevalent ecosystems are floodplain bogs and floodplain oak forests.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Lelchitskoye-Svidovets Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Lelcitsy District Executive Committee No 1069 dated 04.11.2008).For part of the territory, which is not included to the PNA, environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of conservation. The floodplain is used for grazing and haying. The territory is completely covered with water in spring and early summer.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is situated in the valley of the Ubort valley. It includes the riverbed, floodplain and terraces. The prevalent ecosystems are lowland floodplain meadows and bogs, floodplain oak forests. The floodplain includes bayou lakes, creeks, alluvial ridges covered with xero-mesophytic wild grasses.  Part of the territory is the hydrological reserve.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan. Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Lesnoye Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Sharkovshchina District Executive Committee No 834 dated 06.12.2011).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) are prohibited within the reserve.The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of large bog forest area undisturbed by reclamation and forest use with the prevalence of raised bogs with the complex of plant communities of boreal bogs.

OTHERCHARACT:
The prevalent ecosystems of the reserve are open bogs and transition mires, waterlogged pine forests.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Manchitsy Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Lelcitsy District Executive Committee No 1069 dated 04.11.2008).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by a high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the hydrological regime are prohibited within the reserve, forestry and agricultural activities are restricted. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of natural landscape complexes of the Ubort River and floodplain forests. The floodplain is used for grazing and haying. There are no overgrazing signs (excessive pasturing, poor flora, soils erosion).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is situated in the valley of the Ubort valley. It includes a part of the riverbed, floodplain and terrace. The prevalent ecosystems are lowland floodplain meadows and bogs, floodplain oak forests. The floodplain includes bayou lakes, creeks, alluvial ridges covered with xero-mesophytic wild grasses.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)The establishment of the Wetland reserves of local importance “Kolodki” (of the area of 1925 ha) and “Borki” (of the area of 552 ha) is scheduled for 2016.Regulation on the establishment of the “Sterezh Spring” natural monument of local importance (Decision of Vileyka District Executive Committee No 1664 of 02.12.2008)

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation. Restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014). The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of transition bogs rich in flora species as well as calciphilous flora.

DESIGNATION:
The territory is included to the lands reserved for PNAs of local importance establishment according to the Regional Scheme of rational allocation of specially protected natural areas of local importance in Minsk region for 10 years (since 2014). The establishment of the Kolodki Wetland Reserve of Local Importance (of the area of 1925 ha) and the Borki Wetland Reserve of Local Importance (of the area of 552 ha) is scheduled for 2016.The Sterezh Spring Natural Monument of Local Importance (of the area of 11 ha). The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitats of wild plant species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus. Those are the documents with the requirements for the special protection regime for wild plant species included to the National Red List of Belarus. They are delivered by the territorial body of the Ministry of Natural Resource to the users of land plots and (or) water bodies, who will protect identified habitats of these plants (Regulation on the transmission of habitats of wild plant and (or) animal species included to the National Red List of the Republic of Belarus under the protection of the users of land plots and (or) water facilities approved by Resolution of Council of Ministers No 638 of May 18, 2009 as amended by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 622 of July 12, 2013). The territory is scheduled to be taken under protection by a passport and security obligations of the habitat of Natura 2000 (Regulation on the transmission of typical and (or) rare natural landscapes and habitats under the protection of the users of land and (or) water bodies) (approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers No 611 of July12, 2013).

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the valleys of the rivers Naroch and Uzlyanka (the riverbeds, floodplains, areas of valley sides), as well as two wetland reserves on transition and raised bogs, spring complex natural monument. The rivers are twisting, fast flowing, with numerous boulder-pebble deposits. There are many spring water discharges on the bank slopes. The bogs are mainly covered with pine and birch, there are dystrophic lakes.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Dolgoye Republican Hydrological Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1833 dated 27.12.2007).

QUALITY:
The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the Dolgpye Lake. There are no industrial facilities within the water collection area, the territory is well developed for agricultural use (there are crop lands and pastures). Environmental protection and restrictions of economic activities are specified in the Regulation of the reserve establishment. 517 species of vascular plants, 71 species of mosses and 115 species of lichen grow in the territory of the reserve. 113 species of animals (15 species of fish, 8 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 77 species of birds, 25 species of mammals) inhabit the reserve.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Dolgoye Lake is the deepest lake in Belarus. Its maximum depth is 53.6 m. The average depth is over 16 m. Due to its significant depth the volume of water in the lake is 43,2 million m3 its the relatively small area of 2.6 km2. The hollow is of ravine origin, it stretches from the northwest to the southeast for 6 km and its average width is 0.4 km, maximum width is 0.7 km. Isoetes lacustris, Hydrilla verticillata grow in the lake. High (up to 35 m) and very abrupt (400) slopes end up directly to the water, they are composed of moraine, covered with broad0leaved and small-leaved forests, meadows. The slopes are indented by the network of not deep ravines with mall spring and spring brook discharges. The shores are low, sandy and sandy-loam, theay are waterlogged in some places in the northwest and southeast.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.The territory includes bog forest areas, which have been registered as the Skachiki (cadastral number 795-6) and Latyshi (795-5) peat deposits and included to the list of bogs subject to particular and (or) special protection, registered in the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1111 dated 30.12.2015 “On some questions in the field of conservation and rational (sustainable) use of pear lands” for the period till 2030 (http:/www.government.by/ru/solutions/2349).Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for the lake Sho and the river Shosha are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014).

QUALITY:
The territory is hardly available. The lake is used only for fishing. The use of woodland I restricted because of its being difficult to access. All ecosystems are characterized by high degree of preservation. They are important as habitats of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the bog forest area, the eutrophic lake Sho and the Shosha River in its upper reach. The lake is completely overgrown by immersed vegetation. The shores are mainly floating. Waterlogged downy birch and pine forests prevail in the woodland. There are lowland sedge bogs along the river and in the lake floodplain, there are fragments of transition mires.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan. Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Orekhovka Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Klichev District Executive Committee No 9-20 dated 30.03.2011).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the undisturbed bog forest complex in its natural state.

OTHERCHARACT:
The ecosystems of waterlogged old-growth pineforests and open raised bogs prevail in the reserve. The territory is a part of the Ostrova Duleby bog complex.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.The territory is situated in the area affected by radioactive contamination and the use of such lands is regulated by the Law of the Republic of Belarus dated 26 May 2012 “On legal regime of territories affected by radioactive contamination as the result of Chernobyl catastrophe”.Environmental measures and restrictions of economic activities for watercourses and their water protection zones are regulated according to the Water Code of Belarus (No 149-3 of April 30, 2014)

QUALITY:
The wetland supports populations of plant and animal species which are important for the conservation of biological diversity of the large floodplain systems of the Continental region. The site is a "hotspot" of biodiversity and is rich in species: more than 200 bird species were registered on the site, about 139 of them breed here. 12 plant and 78 animal species are listed in the National Red Data Book (19 species of invertebrates, 4 fish species, 3 species of herpetofauna, 51 bird species, 1 mammal species).

OTHERCHARACT:
The wetland "Dnieper River Floodplain" is a large natural complex, which stretches from north to south and is characterized by relatively low disturbance of the natural vegetation. Natural and slightly disturbed ecosystems occupy 97.4% of the site's area. Grassland plant communities dominate (73.4% of the area). Aquatic ecosystems are represented by the Dnieper river, drainage canals, oxbow lakes and temporary ponds.The wetland is exceptionally important part of the natural hydrographic network of the Belorussian Polesie. It is one of the most important breeding habitats of waterfowl in Belarus. The site's floodplain meadows serve as stopovers for many waterfowl during spring migration. The site is also important fish spawning, feeding and wintering ground.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Prilepskiy Republican Landscape Reserve (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No 1451 dated 20.11.2000).

QUALITY:
The territory is characterized by landscape diversity, convenient transport availability, which determines its high recreational potential. The local population actively visits the territory for mushrooms and berries collecting. All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the landscape and hydrological conditions within the reserve area are prohibited, forestry and agricultural activities and recreational use are restricted.The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the natural landscapes of Belorussian ridge central highland, boreal forest plant communities, wild plant and animal species included into the Red List of the Republic of Belarus as well as their habitats in their natural state.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is characterized by the hilly relief with distinct altitude drops. It is located within the highland of the central part of the Belorussian ridge. The territory is completely forest-covered, taiga (western taiga, European) pine forests (pinewoods and subors) prevail. Groundwater oozes out in some places on the hill slopes, which forms small scattered spring bogs with seasonal brooks.There have been specified 428 species of wild plants, 17 of them are protected. Habitation of 85 species of birds, 21species of mammals has been registered here.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.The establishment of the Ross-Nioman Wetland Reserve is scheduled for 2016.

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The goal of establishment of the reserve is conservation of the natural floodplain landscape in the interfluve area of the rivers Nioman and Ross.

DESIGNATION:
The territory is a part of the lands reserved for PNAs of local importance establishment according to the Regional Scheme of rational allocation of specially protected natural areas of local importance of Grodno Region for a period of 10 years (since 2014). The establishment of the Ross-Nioman Wetland Reserve is scheduled for 2016.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory includes the interfluve area of the rivers Nioman and Ross. Floodplain meadows and deciduous forests prevail. Meadow communities with xerophytic and mesophytic wild grasses have been formed in the raised parts of the relief. Small areas are occupied by floodplain deciduous forests.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is no management plan.Environmental protection measures and restrictions on economic activities are regulated according to the Regulation on the establishment of the Setishche Local Hydrological Reserve (Decision of Osipovichi District Executive Committee No 6-35 dated 16.03.2011).

QUALITY:
All habitats are characterized by high degree of preservation, as activities involving changes in the environmental conditions (hydrotechnical amelioration, extraction of minerals, clear felling, erection of business facilities) within the reserve area are prohibited. The goal of establishment of the hydrological reserve is conservation of the undisturbed bog forest complex in its natural state, that is of great importance for the hydrological regime formation in the adjacent territory and  for biological and landscape diversity of Osipovichi district, which is the habitat of rare and protected species of plants and animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
The ecosystems of waterlogged old-growth black alder and pine forests prevail in the reserve.


DOCUMENTATION:
Наземные раковинные моллюски (Mollusca:  Prosobranchia, Pulmonata) Белорусского Поозерья (И.А. Солодовников) // Биологическое  разнообразие  Белорусского  Поозерья  :  монография  /  Л.М.  Мер-жвинский [и др.]; под ред. Л.М. Мержвинского.  –  Витебск : УО «ВГУ им. П.М. Машеро-ва», 2011. – 413 с.Красная книга Республики Беларусь. Животные.

QUALITY:
The territory is of great importance for such fish species as Rhodeus amarus, Lampetra planeri,  Cobitis taenia, Misgurnus fossilis, etc. The common species for the territory are Castor fiber, Lutra lutra. This territory is also the most important place of conservation of molluscs: Vertigo angustior and Vertigo moulinsiana. The trritory is one of the last known habitats of Mustela lutreola in Belarus

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a part of the Luchosa River valley with the total length of over 90 km and the width from 500 to 1000 m. The average width of the riverbed is about 20-30 m. The riverbed completely remains in its natural condition. The river forms numerous meanders, bayous; the territory is indented by creases. There are a lot of floodplain bayou-lakes within the territory. In spring the territory is flooded by floodwaters. Meadows, forests and scrub forests prevail within the territory.


SITENAME:
Krivaya River with the complex of Skarputevo springs

QUALITY:
In the territory of the site there are very rare types of habitats for Belarus: С2.111 - Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens, С2.1В - Eutrophic vegetation of spring brooks, С2.28 - Eutrophic vegetation of fast-flowing streams, С2.33 Mesotrophic vegetation of slow-flowing rivers, which remain in very good condition. Moreover, such habitats as G1.21, G1B3, G3.A, G1.A1 are also represented here. There are such species as Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Picoides tridactylus, Aegolius funereus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a part of the Krivaya River Valley and its unnamed tributaries with numerous (more than 20) springs and spring fields, as well as areas of coniferous boreal and broad-leaved forests.


QUALITY:
In the territory of the site there are very rare types of habitats for Belarus: С2.111 - Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens, С2.1А - Mesotrophic vegetation of spring brooks, which remain in very good condition. Moreover, such habitats as G1.21, G1B3 are also represented here.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a part of the Plisa River floodplain with numerous (more than 20) springs and spring fields.


QUALITY:
There are two main habitat types in this territory: G1.A4 - Ravine and slope woodland, which remains in a good condition, and G1.A1 Quercus - Fraxinus - Carpinus betulus woodland on eutrophic and mesotrophic soils. Moreover Dendrocopos medius also nests here.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is an island site of broad-leaved upland forests with the ravine system formed on the slopes of the valleys of the Petukhovka River (affluent of the Servech River) and the Servech River.


DOCUMENTATION:
Заповедные территории Беларуси. Справочник / Сост. П.И. Лобанок. – Минск: Беларус. Энцыкл. ім П. Броўкі, 2008.  –  416 с. Комплексный мониторинг экосистем на особо охраняемых природных территориях/

QUALITY:
Over 760 species of vascular plants grow within the territory, about 200 species of vertebrate animals inhabit the territory. At least 25 species of plants and animals has national or international nature protection status. The following species nest here: Aquila pomarina, Crex crex, Grus grus, Bubo bubo, Glaucidium passerinum, Aegolius funereus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, Ficedula parva and a number of other species. The common species for the territory are Castor fiber, Lutra lutra. Here Cypripedium calceol, Pulsatilla patens grow. In the territory of the reserve there is one of the biggest populations of Bison bonasus in Belarus. The territory is important for conservation of such habitats as: C1.4 G3.B, G3.А, G3.D, G1.A1, etc.

DESIGNATION:
Landscape Reserve of National Importance “Ozyory”

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a large forest-lake-bog complex on the boundary with Lithuania in the River Kotra basin. Forest vegetation prevail within the territory (about 80%), most of which is presented by pine and spruce subtaiga forests. There are bog massifs of all three types: lowland – mainly in the river valleys, transition and raised, occupy about 15% of the territory. There are about 10 lakes in the territory with the largest Beloye Lake of the area of 5.3 km. There are also numerous dune complexes within the territory. Natural or slightly transformed territories occupy over 70% of the total area.


DOCUMENTATION:
REPORT ON RESERCH WORK DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING OF VEGITATION OF DISTURBED BOGS “KHOREVSKOYE” AND “ZHADA” AFTER PERFOMING THE ACTIVIY ON REHABILITATION OF HYDROLOGICAL REGIME (final). Minsk 2013

QUALITY:
The territory is of the greatest importance for conservation of the habitats Raised bog complexes (X04), transition mires and quaking bogs (D2.3) and boreal bog conifer woodland (G3.D), boreal and boreonemoral Alnus woods (G1.B3) and boreal Populus tremula woods (G1.925). The following species nest here: Grus grus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos leucotos, Glaucidium passerinum, Aegolius funereus, etc.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a large bog forest massif in the upper reach of the river Plavno. Part of the bog massif had been drained earlier and bogged up for the second time. There are open transition and raised bogs as well as forest bogs. The significant area is occupied by deciduous forests. In the central part there are two dystrophic lakes : Ilovo and Strechno.


DOCUMENTATION:
Author’s data, field studies results.Personal message of P.Pavlikovskiy, N.Vakhniy, L.Kraevskiy, K.Topolskaya, I.Dembich, D.KitelRizevskij, V.K., Plyuta, M.V., Leshchenko, A.V., Ermolaeva, I.A., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). The Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources. Новый вид рыб в ихтиофауны Беларусь - белоперые пескарь Romanogobio albipinnatus [2009]Бурко Л.Д., Гричик В.В. Позвоночные животные Беларуси: Учеб. пособие. – Мн.: БГУ, 2003Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, animals 2014Data of the project «Potential Emerald Network Sites of Polesia», implemented with financial support from Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt.

QUALITY:
The territory is a unique river valley with exceptional richness of meadow, forest and wetland habitats. About 30 habitats, included into Resolution No 4 have been identified here, fore more than half of which this territory is specially important for their conservation in Belarus.The territory is of great importance for a number of species. The flora and fauna of the territory include about 90 protected species of plants and animals. Over 60 species are included into Resolution No 6. The following species nest here: Ixobrychus minutus, Aquila pomarina, Pernis apivorus, Ciconia nigra, Grus grus, Gallinago media, Dendrocopos leucotos, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, and a number of other species. The number of some species is 1% or more of the national population. These are the following species: Botaurus stellaris, Circus aeruginosus, Crex crex, Chlidonias niger, Alcedo atthis, etc. The number of such species as: Dendrocopos medius, Sterna albifrons, Lanius collurio, Luscinia svecica is over 2%; Sylvia nisoria and Xenus cinereus, Ficedula albicollis is over 5 % of the national population. The territory is the most important habitat of a number of fish species: Gobio albipinnatus, Aspius aspius, Eudontomyzon mariae, Pelecus cultratus, Proterorhinus marmoratus, Gymnocephalus baloni, butterflies: Maculinea teleius, Maculinea nausithous, plants: Jurinea cyanoides.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory is a fragment of the Ptipyat river valley in its lower reach, with the total length of over 50 km and the width from 2 up to 8.5 km between the towns of Petrikov and Mozyr. Within the territory there is a fragment of the riverbed, which is more than 80 km long. The average width of the river bed is from 200 up to 300 m; the riverbed completely remains in its natural condition. The river forms large meanders, numerous large and small bayous, the territory is indented a lot by creases. Within the territory there are more than 100 floodplain bayou-lakes. The territory is hardly available because of numerous creases and bayous. In spring the significant area is flooded by floodwaters. Open meadow, scrub communities and bogs prevail within the territory (about 70%). Forests and thin forests occupy about 25% of the territory. The forests are presented by several massifs on both banks of the river. Waterbodies and watercourses occupy about 10% of the territory. Natural or slightly transformed territories occupy over 80% of the total area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Personal message of Keitel D., Shkabaro R.Belarusian Arnitalagic Bulletin "Subbuteo" 2008, vol. 9. REPORT OF THE ORNITHOLOGICAL AND FAUNISTIC COMMISSION  (Findings and encounters of birds, approved by the Belarusian Ornithological and Faunistic Commission 23.10.2006)

QUALITY:
The area of the site is important for nesting of waterfowl and birds of prey. More than 400 pairs of Chlidonias hybridus, and more than 100 pairs of Chlidonias niger and Chlidonias leucopterus nest here. Chiguirinskoye water reservoir is one of the two known in the continental region nesting places of the Pandion haliaetus. It is also one of the last previously known nesting places of Larus minutus.The site includes a number of habitats: C1.223, G1.A1, G3.D and others.

OTHERCHARACT:
The area of the site consists of a large reservoir on the Drut River with an area of about 21.1 km2, as well as sections of the Drut River upstream and downstream of the reservoir, forests along the banks of the reservoir and a section of marshland to the east of the reservoir. Water bodies and watercourses occupy about 30% of the site area, forests - about 55%, coniferous forests predominate. Swamps and meadows occupy about 15%. On the reservoir there is an island of about 30 hectares. The reservoir's upper reaches are heavily overgrown with above-water macrophytes, floating vegetation is formed.


DOCUMENTATION:
Personal message from the director of the Belarusian Ringing Center Pinchuk P.V.

QUALITY:
The site is an important concentration site for waterfowl during the fall migration. During the fall migration this site supports up to 100,000 thousand waterfowl. Large accumulations of fall migrants stay here for several days to several weeks or more. At any one time 50,000 to 90,000 waterfowl (IBA criterion A4iii) may congregate at this site.  In addition, such species as Botaurus stellaris, Sterna hirundo, Circus aeruginosus and others nest here.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a large fill-type reservoir. A large part of the water surface is open, in the southern part there are shallow waters and thickets of emergent macrophytes. There are several islands within the reservoir.


DOCUMENTATION:
Personal message of I.A. Bogdanovich, an employee of the Ornithology Laboratory of the State Research and Practical Center for "Bioresources".

QUALITY:
The site is an important concentration place for waterfowl during spring and fall migration. During the spring migration, up to 20 thousand waterfowl accumulate here. During the fall migration, more than 50,000 thousand waterfowl congregate here. Large gatherings of spring migrants stay here for several days to several weeks or more. Up to 30,000 to 50,000 waterfowl may congregate at a time during fall migration (IBA criterion A4iii).  In addition, significant populations of such species as Mergus albellus, Casmerodius albus, Botaurus stellaris, Sterna hirundo and others nest here.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a large complex of fish farm ponds (more than 20) and the reservoir, as well as fragments of the forest area on the periphery of the ponds. The ponds have varying degrees of overgrowth with emergent macrophytes. The eastern part of the reservoir is shallow, also largely overgrown with emergent macrophytes. There are several islands within the reservoir


DOCUMENTATION:
Author's data, results of field research. Personal message of P. Pavlikovski, N. Vakhniy, L. Krayevski, K. Topolskaya, I. Dembich, R. Shkabar. Rare and endangered animal species of Bobruisk district. Rare and endangered plant species of Bobruisk district. Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, animals 2014. Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, plants 2015. Materials of the Project «Potential Emerald Network Sites of Polesia», implemented with financial support of Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt. Burko L.D., Grichik V.V. Vertebrates of Belarus: Minsk, BSU, 2003.

QUALITY:
Common species on the territory of the site are Castor fiber, and Lutra lutra. In the fauna of the site, more than 30 species have international and/or national conservation status. Here nest such species as: Aquila pomarina, Circus aeruginosus, Botaurus stellaris, Ciconia nigra, Crex crex, Grus grus, Philomachus pugnax, Gallinago media, Larus minutus, Sterna albifrons, Bubo bubo, and some other species. The number of some species is equal or exceeds 1% of the national population. These are such species as: Milvus migrans, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, etc. The number of such species as the Dendrocopos medius, Luscinia svecica, Ficedula albicollis exceeds 3% of the national population. The area is an important habitat for Aspius aspius, Eudontomyzon mariae, Cobitis taenia, Pelecus cultratus and others.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a fragment of the Berezina river valley in the lower reaches, a total length of more than 55 km and a width of 2 to 6.5 km, located between the town of Bobruisk and the town of Parichi. Within the site there is more than 60 kilometers of the river channel. The average width of the river channel is from 100 to 150 meters, it's completely preserved in its natural state. The river forms large meanders, numerous large and small oxbows, the territory is very indented with old rivulets. Within the site there are more than 20 floodplain oxbow lakes and about 10 large islands. The territory is hardly accessible because of numerous oxbow lakes. In the spring period, a large area is flooded by flood waters. Within the site, forests and shrub woodlands dominate (about 70%), meadows occupy about 25% of the area. Swamps, reservoirs and watercourses occupy about 5% of the area. Upland broad-leaved and floodplain forests occupy significant areas of the site. Natural or weakly transformed areas account for more than 80% of the site.


DOCUMENTATION:
Author's data, results of field research. Personal message of P. Pavlikovski, N. Vakhniy, L. Krayevski, K. Topolskaya, I. Dembich. Subbuteo Belarusian Ornithological Bulletin. 2014. vol. 11. Materials of the seminar "Experience of integrating biodiversity conservation issues into district land management schemes". Rechitsa, March 13, 2013.Burko L.D., Grichik V.V. Vertebrates of Belarus: Minsk, BSU, 2003. Rizevskij, V.K., Plyuta, M.V., Leshchenko, A.V., Ermolaeva, I.A., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). The Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources. A new fish species in the ichthyofauna of Belarus - Romanogobio albipinnatus [2009] Rizevskiy V. K., Plyuta M. V., Leschenko A. V., Yermolayeva I. A., Novik I. V. New fish species in the ichthyofauna of Belarus Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2009, vol. 53, No.3 Materials of the Project «Potential Emerald Network Sites of Polesia», implemented with financial support of Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt.

QUALITY:
The area of the site is essential for the conservation of floodplain open meadow ecosystems and shrubs, as well as a number of wetland bird species. There are more than 50 protected species in the fauna of the territory. Nesting species here include: Botaurus stellaris and Ixobrychus minutus, Aquila pomarina, Pernis apivorus, Ciconia nigra, Grus grus, Gallinago media, Dendrocopos syriacus, Dendrocopos medius and Dendrocopos leucotos, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, a number of other species. The number of some species is equal to or exceeds 1% of the national population. These are such species as Nycticorax nycticorax, Milvus migrans, Sterna albifrons, etc. Lanius collurio and Asio flammeus - more than 2%; Falco vespertinus, Crex crex, Sylvia nisoria - 3%, Xenus cinereus, Luscinia svecica - more than 5% of national population. The area is the most important habitat for fish species such as: Gobio albipinnatus, Aspius aspius, Eudontomyzon mariae, Pelecus cultratus, Proterorhinus marmoratus, butterflies: Colias myrmidone, plants: Jurinea cyanoides, Adenophora lilifolia. It is characterized by great diversity and richness of biotopes, first of all, of meadow and wetland habitats. It is very important for preservation of such biotopes as: E3.4, F 9.1, E5.4, D 5.2, etc.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a fragment of the Dnepr River valley in the middle course, a total length of about 50 km and a width of 1.5 to 6 km. It is located between the mouth of the Berezina river and the v. Kholmech. Within the limits of the site there is more than 80 km fragment of the river channel. The average width of the river channel is from 200 to 300 m, it is completely preserved in its natural state. The river forms large meanders, numerous large and small oxbows, the area is very indented with old rivulets. Within the site there are more than 100 floodplain oxbow lakes. The territory is hardly accessible because of numerous oxbow lakes. In the spring period, a considerable area is flooded by flood waters. Open meadow communities and bogs dominate within the territory (about 70%). Forests and shrub woodlands, occupy about 20% of the area. Water bodies and streams occupy about 10% of the area. Natural or slightly transformed territories make up more than 80% of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Author's data, results of field research. Personal message of P. Pavlikovski, N. Vakhniy, L. Krayevski, K. Topolskaya, I. Dembich.  Burko L.D., Grichik V.V. Vertebrates of Belarus: Minsk, BSU, 2003. Materials of the Project «Potential Emerald Network Sites of Polesia», implemented with financial support of Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt.

QUALITY:
The territory is important for preservation of floodplain oak forests (G1.221) nemoral broad-leaved forests with hornbeam (G1.A1), as well as deciduous forests in river valleys (G1.21, G1.22); biotopes of meadows: E3.4, X35, etc. Common species on the territory of the site are Castor fiber, Lutra lutra. In the avifauna of the territory no less than 20 species have an international conservation status. Here nest such species as Haliaeetus albicilla, Aquila pomarina, Pernis apivorus, Crex crex, Grus grus, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, Ficedula parva and several other species. The number of species is equal or exceeds 1% of the national population. These are such species as Milvus migrans, Nycticorax nycticorax, Aythya nyroca, Luscinia svecica, etc. The number of Dendrocopos medius is about 3% of the national population, Ficedula albicollis - about 5%. The area is an important habitat for Aspius aspius, Eudontomyzon mariae, Cobitis taenia, Pelecus cultratus, etc.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a fragment of the Berezina river valley in the lower reaches, a total length of more than 30 km and a width of 2 to 6.5 km between Svetlogorsk and the Smyczek preserve (the mouth of the Berezina river to the Dnepr river). Within the site there is more than 40 km long fragment of the riverbed. The average width of the river bed is about 100 m, it is completely preserved in its natural state. The river forms large meanders, numerous large and small oxbows, the area is very indented with old rivulets. Within the site there are about 30 floodplain oxbow lakes and about 10 large islands. The territory is difficult to access because of numerous oxbow lakes. In the spring period, a large area is flooded by flood waters. Within the territory, forests and shrub woodlands dominate (about 65%), meadows occupy about 25% of the area. Swamps, reservoirs and watercourses occupy about 10% of the area. Upland broad-leaved and floodplain forests occupy significant areas of the site. Natural or weakly transformed areas account for more than 80% of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Author's data, results of accounting. Personal message of P. Pavlikovski, N. Vakhniy, L. Krayevski, K. Topolskaya, I. Dembich. Decision of Rogachyov District Council of Deputies of 26.12.2012 No. 42 "On transfer under protection of wild plants and animals habitats that are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, animals 2014. Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, plants 2015. http://www.biodiversity.by/files/images/doc/Fauna_Rahachou.jpg Burko L.D., Grichik V.V. Vertebrates of Belarus: Minsk, BSU, 2003. Rizevskij, V.K., Plyuta, M.V., Leshchenko, A.V., Ermolaeva, I.A., National Academy of Sciences (Belarus). The Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources. A new fish species in the ichthyofauna of Belarus - Romanogobio albipinnatus [2009] Rizevskiy V. K., Plyuta M. V., Leschenko A. V., Yermolayeva I. A., Novik I. V. New fish species in the ichthyofauna of Belarus Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2009, vol. 53, No.3 Materials of the Project «Potential Emerald Network Sites of Polesia», implemented with financial support of Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt

QUALITY:
In the fauna of the site, there are at least 40 species with national or international conservation status. Here nest such species as Aquila pomarina, Pernis apivorus, Philomachus pugnax, Gallinago media, Dryocopus martius, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, a number of other species. The number of some species is equal or exceeds 1% of the national population. These are such species as Crex crex, Luscinia svecica, Ciconia nigra, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lanius collurio, etc. The number of Milvus migrans is more than 5% of the national population. The area is the most important habitat for such fish species as Gobio albipinnatus, Aspius aspius, Eudontomyzon mariae, Pelecus cultratus, Proterorhinus marmoratus and others. It is characterized by great diversity and richness of biotopes, first of all, of meadow and wetland habitats. It is of crucial importance for preservation of such biotopes as: C1.33, E3.4, F 9.1, E5.4, D 5.2, etc.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a fragment of the Depr river valley in the middle course, a total length of more than 100 km and a width of 1.5 to 6 km between Bykhov and Zhlobin. Within the site there is more than 150 km fragment of the river channel. The river channel has an average width of 100 to 150 m, it is completely preserved in its natural state. The river forms large meanders, numerous large and small oxbows, the area is very indented with old rivulets. Within the site there are about 100 floodplain oxbow lakes. The territory is hardly accessible because of numerous oxbow lakes. In the spring period, a considerable area is flooded by flood waters. Open meadow communities dominate within the territory (about 60%). Forests and shrub woodlands, occupy about 25% of the area. Swamps, reservoirs and watercourses occupy about 15% of the area. Natural or weakly transformed areas account for more than 80% of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Results of accounting, author's data. Aspects of Environmental Management in Brest Region [Text] / N. V. Mikhalchuk [etc.] ; rev.: A. A. Volchek, A. C. Meyerovskiy, G. A. Sokolov ; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research, Polesye Agrarian and Ecological Institute. - Minsk: Belarusian Science, 2013. - 259 p. : graph., table. Personal message of P. Pavlikovski, N. Vakhniy, R. Shkabaro, S. Levy, I. Bogdanovich, M.Tarantovich Materials of the Project «Potential Emerald Network Sites of Polesia», implemented with financial support of Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt.

QUALITY:
The area of the site is important for the conservation of meadow and shrub habitats (E1.71, F9.1) as well as aquatic plant communities (C1.222, C1.223, C1.224) and forests. Such mammal species as Castor fiber and Lutra lutra are common here. In the ornithofauna of the territory no less than 20 species have a national and international conservation status. The number of some species is estimated at 1% or more of the national population. These are such species as: Grus grus, Glaucidium passerinum, Ciconia nigra, Strix nebulosa, Bubo bubo, Dendrocopos medius, Ixobrychus minutus, Chlidonias niger, Asio flammeus, Luscinia svecica, Sylvia nisoria and others. In addition, the following species also nest here: Botaurus stellaris, Circus aeruginosus, Crex crex, Sterna hirundo, Alcedo atthis, Aquila pomarina, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, Picus canus and several other species. Cypripedium calceolus and several other orchid species grow here.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a fragment of the floodplain of the Yaselda River in its lower reaches, a total length of about 50 km and a width of 700 m to 3.5 km, as well as a section of the forested area in the basin of the river. Within the site there is more than 50 km fragment of the river channel. The river channel is on average 20 to 30 m wide, completely preserved in its natural state. The river meanders heavily, forming numerous large and small oxbows, and the area is very indented with old rivulets. There are more than 50 small floodplain oxbow lakes, as well as a flooded peat patch and Lake Motolskoe within the site. In spring, a large area is flooded by flood waters. Within the site there are open meadow and shrub communities, as well as bogs (about 50%), and forests occupy about 50% of the area. Water bodies and watercourses occupy about 5% of the area.


DOCUMENTATION:
Author's data, expert assessment  Results of Inventory of Biological and Landscape Diversity of Ivatsevichi District (Fauna) Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Bioresources M.V.Maksimenkov, M.N.Dmitrenok, V.V.Shakun, S.M.Drobenkov, A.V.Kulak Personal message: R. Shkabaro, S. Levuy, M. Tarantovich, I. Bogdanovich. Materials of the Project «Potential Emerald Network Sites of Polesia», implemented with financial support of Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt.

QUALITY:
Such rare in Belarus mammal species as Felis lynx and Meles meles are common here. Common species are Castor fiber and Canis lupus. In the ornithofauna of the site, at least 20 species have an international conservation status. Here nest such species as Aquila pomarina, Pernis apivorus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Lullula arborea, Picus viridis, Ficedula parva, a number of other species. Number of species is equal or exceeds 1% of national population. These are such species as: Glaucidium passerinum, Aegolius funereus, Ciconia nigra, etc. The number of such species as: Picus canus, Dendrocopos leucotos, Grus grus, Bubo bubo exceeds 3% of the national population, Strix nebulosa - more than 10%. The area is a potential IBA

OTHERCHARACT:
The area of the site is a forest-marsh complex located between the settlements: Vygonoshchi - Krayi - Rudnya - Razdialovichi. More than 70% of the site is covered by forest vegetation, including bog forests. There are shallow contour massifs of open lowland and transitional bogs throughout the territory, of which there are more than 100. The area of such contours averages from 1 to several hectares. Hydrological network is represented by old meliorative canals and a section of active meliorative system in the southern part. Also on the territory of the site there is 1 lake - Lunevok lake. Forest ecosystems are represented both by coniferous formations (predominantly pine), and deciduous - mainly indigenous deciduous forests (alder and birch along the bogs). The latter are predominant.


DOCUMENTATION:
Author’s data.Personal message of D.Kitel, R. Shkabar, A.Shevchik

QUALITY:
The site is an important nesting place for a number of wetland species such as: Aythya nyroca, Botaurus stellaris, Chlidonias leucopterus - about 1% of the national population; Chlidonias niger, Chlidonias hybridus, Xenus cinereus - more than 2% of the national population. Such species ass: Circus aeruginosus, Bubo bubo, Sterna hirundo, etc. nest here. During the spring and fall migration, up to 800 Casmerodius albus accumulate here.

OTHERCHARACT:
The area of the site is a large complex of fish farm ponds (more than 20 ponds) with an area of about 1500 ha, as well as a forest area on the periphery of the ponds. The ponds have varying degrees of overgrowth with emergent macrophytes. There are areas of open lowlands and transitional bogs among the forest massif. Forest ecosystems dominate, most of which are represented by coniferous forests.


DOCUMENTATION:
Expert assessments: D.V. Zhuravlev, M.N. Koloskov, I.A. Bogdanovich

QUALITY:
The site is an important concentration place for waterfowl during spring and fall migration. During the autumn migration, up to 100,000 thousand waterfowl accumulate in the area. Large gatherings of spring migrants stay here for several days to several weeks or more. Up to 50,000 to 80,000 waterfowl may congregate at a time during fall migration (IBA criterion A4iii).  In addition, significant populations of species such as: Casmerodius albus, Botaurus stellaris, Cygnus cygnus, Sterna hirundo, Chlidonias niger, Chlidonias leucopterus and others nest here.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a large complex of fish farm ponds (more than 20 ponds) and the reservoir. Among the complex of ponds there is a small forest area. The ponds have varying degrees of overgrowth with emergent macrophytes. A significant part of the reservoir (coastal zone) is shallow, overgrown with emergent macrophytes. There are several islands within the reservoir. At the periphery, the ponds are surrounded by forested areas


DOCUMENTATION:
DECISION of the Nesvizh District Executive Committee on January 27, 2020 No. 133 On transfer under protection of the habitat of  wild animal belonging to the species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus

QUALITY:
This site is home to a population of flying squirrels - so far the only one known in Belarus

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is mostly transitional and upland marsh, with forest islands and small woodlands. In addition, it includes 2 small lakes and the central part of the Ovsyanka River.


DOCUMENTATION:
DECISION of the Nesvizh District Executive Committee on January 27, 2020 No. 133 On transfer under the protection of the habitat of the wild animal belonging to the species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus

QUALITY:
This site has the largest known single colony of gophers in Belarus.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site is agricultural land with intensive grazing of ungulates.


OTHERCHARACT:
The site is a raised bog, with forested areas on the edges. On the western side it is adjoined by developed peat mines


QUALITY:
The area is relatively isolated from external anthropogenic impacts and is located away from cities, highways and industrial facilities. All habitats are characterized by a high degree of conservation. The purpose of creating the Emerald Network site is to preserve wetlands of Pripyat Polesie with a complex of rare and unique habitats.

DESIGNATION:
Establishment of the Reserve of Local Importance "Borovskoy" within these boundaries, inclusion in its composition of 4 reserves (11%) of local importance ("Velika Bel" "Plotnitsa", "Rechitsa", "Urochische Zaruchevye")

OTHERCHARACT:
The area is a complex of bogs (lowland, upland and transitional) and forests with all natural biotopes typical for Pripyat Polesie.


DOCUMENTATION:
Laboratoire d'écologie et de biologie aquatique 1999: Diversité biologique et typologie des étangs et petits lacs de Suisse. Neuf Etang. OFEFP.
Bassin, P. et Gaillard, M. 1989: Etude de la réserve naturelle de Bonfol. Rapport à l'attention de l'OEPN.
Bouvier, JC 1998: L'hydrographie historique de la Vendline. L'HÔTÂ 22:27-38. Association pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine rural jurassien.
Meury, F. et Flury, F.1989: Etangs de Bonfol. Etape IX: surélévation des digues du Pont-Neuf. Travaux d'exécution. Rapport à l'attention de l'OEPN.
Verneaux, J et al. 1971: Etudes biologiques et écologiques des étangs et du ruisseau de la réserve naturelle de Bonfol (Suisse). Script 38p. CTGREF, Paris.
Monnerat, C. 1993: Etude faunistique des Odonates du Canton du Jura et des zones limitrophes. Actes soc. jur. Emul. 1993: 1-99.
Berger, E 1955: La flore des Etangs de Bonfol et de ceux de la région française avoisinante. Recueil d'études et de travaux scientifiques pp. 171-188. 135ème session de la SHSN, Porentruy 24-26.9.1955. Soc. Jur. d'Emulation.

QUALITY:
Un des derniers refuges en Suisse pour les espèces éphémères des étangs à niveau variable (Bidention, Nanocyperion, Littorellion). Plusieurs de ces habitats sont visés par la Résolution no 4/1996. Il en va de même pour la majorité des forêts environnantes, qui abritent toutefois une flore moins exceptionnelle que celle des étangs. Le site abrite également de nombreux batraciens et invertébrés (libellules) menacés.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site correspond aux deux objets contigus de l'inventaire fédéral des sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale Ju 7500 "Etangs Rougeats" et JU 7501 "Etangs de Bonfol". Il est en grande partie couvert par le paysage d'importance nationale IFP 1101 "Etangs de Bonfol", et comprend également un bas-marais d'importance nationale (BM 494 "Neuf Etang").

OTHERCHARACT:
Etangs creusés autrefois par l'Evêché de Bâle pour l'élevage des carpes. "Assainis" et réaménagés dans les années 1970, ainsi que partiellement en 1986-1989, après leur mise sous protection.


DOCUMENTATION:
Richard, J-L.1975, Carte de la végétation du Clos du Doubs.Mat.levé géobot de la Suisse 47
Krähenbühl, Ch. 1962: La Vallée du Doubs. Historique, géologie et flore (suivi du catalogue des animaux et des plantes). Actes de la Soc jurassienne d'émulation 66: 53ss

QUALITY:
Le site comprend une zone alluviale d'un système fluvial jurassien, dernier refuge de l'apron (Zingel asper), un poisson gravement menacé.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond à la partie située dans le canton du Jura du paysage d'importance nationale IFP 1006. Il englobe les zones alluviales d'importance nationale no 144 et 145 et plusieurs sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale. La zone contient quelques prairies et pâturages secs d'importance régionale ou locale (JU).


DOCUMENTATION:
Bureau Natura, 1996: Tourbière de la Gruère (no 2). Evaluation succinte du site. Lignes directrices de gestion. Mandat de l'inspection de la protection de la nature du canton de Berne.
Joray, M., 1942: L'étang de la Gruère. Jura Bernois. Etude pollenanalytique et stratigraphique de la tourbière. Mat. lev. géobot. Suisse 25, Huber, Bern.
Nombreux travaux de licence.

QUALITY:
Hauts-marais magnifiquement formés autour du pittoresque Etang de la Gruère. Richesse maximale pour plusieurs groupes parmi les hauts-marais juarssiens.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale "Etang de la Gruère "SM no 7. Il englobe deux bas-marais, un haut-marais et un site de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale et un bas marais d'importance régionale (JU).


DOCUMENTATION:
-Chastain A. 1952. Recherches écologiques et floristiques sur le "Pinetum" de la haute tourbière de la Vraconnaz. Thèse. Universitéà de Lausanne.
-Ecoconseil SA (la Chaux-de-Fonds). 1997. Colonisation de la tourbière de la Vraconnaz par les coléoptères aquatiques suite au glissement de 1987. Rapport final. Mandat de la Conservation de la nature, chemin du Marquisat 1, CH-1025 St-Sulpice.
-Feldmeyer-Christe E. 1995. La Vraconnaz, une tourbière en mouvement. Dynamique de la végétation dans une tourbière soumise à un glissement de terrain. Botanica Helvetica 105: 55-73.
-Mulhauser & al. 1987. Les arthropodes de la Mouille de la Vraconnaz. Bull. romand Entomol. 5:61-91.
- Speight, M.C. & Castella, E. 2001: Melanogaster parumplicate (Loew) (Diptera: Syrphidae) nouvelle espèce pour la Suisse, et autres espèces de Syrphidae de la tourbière de la Vraconnaz (Vaud). Bull. Romand Entom. 19:1-4.

QUALITY:
Il s'agit d'une des plus importantes tourbières bombées du Jura suisse. Le site, qui comprend un bas-marais et un haut-marais d'importance nationale, est inscrit à l'inventaire fédéral des sites marécageux. La partie la plus humide occupe une combe anticlinale bordée de deux rangées de dolines. Les flancs de la cuvette sont occupées par divers types de forêts montagnardes, en partie sur des dalles calcaires (lapiez). L'ensemble présente un grand intérêt géomorphologique. Les habitats visés par la Résolution N0 4 (1996) couvrent la majeure partie du site.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond à celui du site marécageux d'importance nationale SM 9 "La Vraconne". Ce périmètre contient un bas-marais d'importance nationale (FM 3690) et un haut-marais d'importance nationale (HM 22).


DOCUMENTATION:
Naceur N. et Büttiker B, 1999: La palée du lac de Joux: statistiques de pêche des reproducteurs; âge, croissance et fécondité, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. 86.4:273-296.
Lang B, 1993. Abondance et croissance de la palée et de la perche du lac de Joux: évaluation de méthodes empiriques. Conservation de la faune du Canton de Vaud. Rapport interne non publié. 11p.
Lang B, 1995. Evolution du stock de palées dans le lac de Joux suivie à partir de la pêche de reproducteurs de 1972 à 1994.  Conservation de la faune du Canton de Vaud. Rapport interne non publié. 10p.
Lang B, Reymond O., Strawczynski A. et Vioget P., 1998. Evolution chimique et biologique du lac de Joux entre 1985 et 1997. Note commune du laboratoire d'hydrbiologie du Service des forêts, de la faune et de la nature et du laboratoire du Service des eaux  et de la protection de l'environnement. Rapport interne non publié. 2p.
Aubert D., 1941. Atlas géologique de la Suisse 1:25'000, feuille 1221 Le Sentier, Berne.
Aubert D., 1943. Monographie géologique de la vallée de Joux. Mat. pour la carte géol. de la Suisse, nouvelle série, 78e livraison, Berne.
Gallandat JD., 1982. Prairies marécageuses du Haut-Jura (Molinietalia, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae et Phragmitetea). Mat. Levé Géobaot. Suisse 58, 327 p et 3 cartes h.t.
Galandat JD. et Felber-Girard M. 1987. Cartographie de la végétation du cours supérieur de l'Orbe et propositions de mesures de gestion. Laboratoire d'écologie végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, 14+8 p et 10 pl. h.t.
Gallandat JD, Gobat JM et Roulier C. 1990. Cartographie des zones alluviales d'importance nationale. Rapport général (116 p. +annexes 1-11) et carte de l'objet 50 (Sagnes de la Burtignière).
Glayre D. et Magnenat D. 1984. Oiseaux nicheurs de la Haute Vallée de l'Orbe. Nos oiseaux 398, 144 p.
Moret JL., Mèller G et Hainard P, 1988. A propos d'une nouvelle station de bouleau nain (Betula nana L.) dans le canton de Vaud. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. 79: 123-133.

QUALITY:
Le site marécageux, composé de trois parties, est situé dans synclinal à la limite de la frontière française. Il constitue une unité paysagère remarquable longeant l'Orbe et présente une densité de marais très élevée (environ 30% de la surface) avec une diversité unique.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site marécageux no 21 "Vallée de Joux". Il englobe également trois bas-marais et six haut-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Christe, P et al. 1990: La végétation du marais des Amburnex (Jura vaudois, Susse). Bull. soc. vaud. sc. nat. 80 (2): 127-139.
- Moret, J-L. 1988: A propos d'une nouvelle station de bouleau nain (Betula nana L.) dans le canton de Vaud. Bull. soc. vaud. sc. nat. 79 (2): 123-133.
- Geissler, P et Zoller, H. 1978: Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. an der Südwestgrenze ihrer Verbreitung. Candollea 33 (2): 299-319.
- Vittoz, P. : thèse de doctorat

QUALITY:
Complexe de bas-marais et de haut-marais occupant une combe synclinale à climat hivernal extrêmement rude. Dernière station suisse du saxifrage oeil-de-bouc (Saxifraga hirculus).

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site correspond au bas-marais d'importance nationale no 1486. Il englobe également deux hauts-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
www.pfyn-finges.ch
- Werner, P. 1985: La végétaton de Finges et de son Rhône sauvage. Bull. Murithienne 103: 39-84.
- Burri, M. 1997: Géologie récente de Finges et de ses environs. Bull. Murithienne 115: 5-27.
- Carron, G. 1999: Les orthoptères menacés de la zone de Finges. Bull. Murithienne 117: 23-30.

QUALITY:
La plus grande pinède de Suisse, en bordure d'une vaste zone alluviale extrêmement riche en espèces thermophiles rares.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond au périmètre protégé par arrêté de protection cantonal du 17.12.1997. Elle comprend une zone alluviale d'importance nationale, ainsi que deux sites de reproduction des batraciens d'importance nationale.

OTHERCHARACT:
Alluvions nues de la zone alluviale notées sous "rochers intérieurs".


DOCUMENTATION:
WSL en préparation:
Erfolgskontrolle Moorschutz Schweiz
Choma Snot - Palüd Chapé
Lej da Staz

QUALITY:
Grand massif de forêt subalpine comprenant de belle surfaces de cembraie et de pessière, ainsi que de remarquables hauts-marais primaires. Principal refuge des espèces de tourbières dans le canton des Grisons.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au Landschaftsschutzgebiet cantonal et comprend le site marécageux d'importance nationale no 45 "God da Staz/Stazerwald", six hauts-marais d'importance nationale et trois bas-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Bischof, A. 1999-2000: Verzeichnis der Schmetterlingsfauna des Naturschutzgebietes "Veier" bei Bonaduz, Kanton Graubünden, Schweiz
- Gsell, R 1919: Über die Orchideen Graubündens insbesondere des Rheintals. Jber. Natf. Ges. GR 59: 183-199.
- SBN-Inventar Gebiet Lengwald-Bannwald.
- Lutz, M., Schlaepfer, A. und Muehlethaler, E. 1989: Auen- Ried- und Heckenlandschaft Castrisch. Die Avifauna zur Brutzeit 1988. Unveröff. Kurzbericht (mit Artkarten) z.H. ALN, Chur und OAG.
- Lutz, M., Schlaepfer, A. und Muehlethaler, E. 1992: Kulturlandschaft Isla Sut. Die Avifauna zur Brutzeit 1988. Ergänzende Zusammenstellung der ornithologischen Daten zu Isla Sut. Kurzbericht z.H. ALN Chur.

QUALITY:
Gorges du Rhin à travers la roche calcaire de l'éboulement de Flims: "Swiss Grand Canyon". Le site présente de plus une grande richesse floristique et faunistique; 360 espèces de lépidoptères nocturnes ont été recensées.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC comprend une zone alluviale d'importance nationale, 3 bas-marais d'importance nationale et chevauche en grande partie un paysage d'importance nationale (IFP).

OTHERCHARACT:
alluvions nues sous "rochers intérieurs etc."


DOCUMENTATION:
- EAWAG News 54: Uehlinger, U.: Le Val Roseg: Une plaine alluviale glaciare des Alpes suisses
- Erstaufnahme alpine Auen; Kantonsbericht: Ergebnisse Kanton Graubünden, Januar 2006. Im Auftrag des Bundesamtes für Umwelt BAFU

QUALITY:
Une marge glaciaire et une zone alluviale alpine des mieux conservées.Grande richesse en espèces et surface importante de marais de type arctico-alpin. Le site est intact et abrite d'autres raretés comme Myricaria germanica et Montia fontana.
Une route en terre battue permet l'accès par char à cheval jusqu'à l'Hotel Rose et aux alpages extensifs.

DESIGNATION:
Le site englobe une zone alluviale d'importance nationale et s'intègre dans l'bjet IFP no 1908.

OTHERCHARACT:
alluvions nues classées sous "rochers intérieurs etc.


DOCUMENTATION:
-Rampazzi & al. 1993. Studio naturalistico del fondovalle della Maggia. Mem. Soc. Ticinese Sc. Nat. (Lugano) 3
-Fossati A. 1993. Documenti et publicazione contenenti dati faunistici sulle zone alluvionali ticinesi di importanza nazionale. Lugano. Museo cantonale di storia naturale.
-Carraro, G et al. 1994: Compte-rendu
-Ceschi, I. (1974, 1975): La vegetazione e flore della Vallemaggia
- Dionea SA, 1999, Rivitalizzazione di zone golenali ed estrazione di inerti pregiati
fra Ponte Brolla e Cavergno, Dipartimento del territorio

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale d'importance nationale, la plus importante au sud des Alpes. Milieu dynamique, régulièrement régénéré par des crues touchant tout le fond de la vallée. Présence d'importantes populations de batraciens.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond à la zone alluviale d'importance nationale AU 171 "Maggia". Il englobe le site de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale IBN TI 323 "Lanca Saligin"

OTHERCHARACT:
Complexe alluvial; alluvions nues encodées sous "rochers intérieurs, ..."


DOCUMENTATION:
Patocchi, N. 1994-1995: Piano di Magadino. Analisi della situazione attuale. Dipartimento del territorio- Ufficio Protzione della Natura. 2 vol + 6 cartes.
Patocchi N., Petrini N., 2001: Piano di gestione forestale - Ciossa Antognini - 2001-2015
Université de Genève, Laboratoire d'écologie et de biologie aquatique, 1996-1999: Diversità biologica e tipologia ecologica degli stagni e dei laghetti della Svizzera - Lanca di Sant' Antonio.
VAW-ETH Zürich, 2004: Machbarkeitsstudie zur Renaturierung des Ticino und seiner Mündung.

QUALITY:
Important site d'escale et d'hivernage pour les oiseaux d'eau au Sud des Alpes partiellement inscrit à l'inventaire de la Convention de Ramsar. Fond de vallée agricole avec delta lacustre abritant encore d'importantes surfaces de ripisylves et de marais.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale no. 260 "Piano di Magdino", sauf dans le secteur lacustre, où il a été étendu pour répondre aux objectifs de protection de l'avifaune hivernante. Il englobe 6 bas-marais, 3 sites de reproduction des batraciens et 2 zones alluviales d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
Keel, A et Fossati, A. 1981: Zur Vegetation des Naturschutzgebietes beim Weiher nahe Stabio im Gebiet Campaccio. Musée d'histoire naturelle Lugano.
Studi associati SA 1999: Bacino di laminazione sul Laveggio. Rapporto di impatto ambientale. Dipartimento del territorio-Divisione delle costruzioni-Ufficio arginature.
Etude sur l'état des biotopes et des populations de tritons (en cours).

QUALITY:
Refuge important pour les batraciens, notamment pour Rana latastei, une espèce menacée au niveau européen. Emys orbicularis a probablement déjà disparu. Habitat de la petite lamproie (Lampetra planeri). Dernière rivière de plaine à écoulement naturel au sud du Tessin.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC englobe deux sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale, ainsi que deux bas-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
Rampazzi, F. 1989: Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung eines Strassenprojekts aus der Sicht der Fauna. Mandat du canton du Tessin.
Studi Associati SA 1998, 1999, 2002: Fiume Tresa. Risanamento Pro Mancin. Analisi naturalistica. Rapporto (V. Bozza). Comune di Croglio.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale de surface modeste, mais possédant une faune particulièrement intéressante, avec notamment 3 espèces de poissons visés par la Résolution no 6 (1998), ainsi que plusieurs libellules très menacées au niveau national.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond à la zone alluviale d'importance nationale no 22. La partie italienne du site n'est pas décrite ici.


DOCUMENTATION:
-Moret J.L. 1985. Flore aquatique et paludéenne de la région des Grangettes. Corections et additions. Bull. Soc. vaud. sc. nat. 77:213-222
-Gilliéron G. 1991. Etude de l'avifaune nicheuse des Grangettes. Nos Oiseaux 41: 165-182
-Keller V. 1996. Ramsargebiete der Schweiz. BUWAL. Bern. 21 S.
-Delarze R. 1997. Suivi scientifique de la végétation des Grangettes. Bilan 1992-1996. Etude et gestion du site marécageux de Noville (Fondartion des Grangettes). Rapport no 20.

QUALITY:
Dernier refuge de nombreuses espèces aquatiques et paludéennes  dans le bassin lémanique et dernier grand marais de la région. Site d'escale très important pour les oiseaux d'eau.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale SM 8 "Grangettes". Il comprend également plusieurs biotopes d'importance nationale: zone alluviale AU 123 "Grangettes", les bas-marais BM 1378 "La Muraz", 1379 "Les Saviez", 1380 "L'Aulagniez", 1381 "Clos Montet", 1382 "Gros Brasset", ainsi que le site de reproduction de batraciens IBN VD 21. Le périmètre recoupe le site d'escale d'oiseaux d'eaux et de migrateurs no 8 "Les Grangettes" et englobe le site Ramsar du même nom.

OTHERCHARACT:
Ancien delta lacustre privé de sa dynamique naturelle depuis l'endiguement du Rhône (vers 1910).


DOCUMENTATION:
- Gruenig, A. et al. 1986: Les hauts-marais et marais de transition de Suisse. Rapport IFRF 281.
- Hainard, P et al. 1992: Carte de la végétation du Pays d'Enhaut et de la place de tir du Petit-Hongrin. Division Protection de la nature. Lausanne.
- Michel C et Hainard, P. 1980: Etude phyto-écologique de la tourbière de Pra-Cornet (Vaud, Suisse). Saussurea 11: 87-106.
- Yerli, M. 1970: Ecologie comparée des prairies marécageuses dans les Préalpes de la Suisse occidentale. Veröff. Geobot. Institut ETH, Stiftung Rübel 44.

QUALITY:
Paysage traditionnel des Préalpes, avec une grande diversité de marais couvrant près de 200 ha dans un environnement géomorphologique typique de la région des cols.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale no 99 "Col des Mosses". Il englobe 9 bas-marais et 6 hauts-marais d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Puls 1992: Vegetationskarte Hohgant-Seefeld 1:5000. Naturschutzgebiet 4.1.1.13. Auftrag Naturschutzinspektorat Bern.
- Hegg, O. 1965: Untersuchung zur Pflanzensoziologie und Oekologie im Naturschutzgebiet Hohgant. Hrsg. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern.
- Leibundgut, M. 1992: Moorschutz und Alpwirtschaft in Habkern. Hrsg. Geographisches Institut der Universität Bern.
- Lüdi, W. 1933: Pflanzengeographische Streifzüge im Hohgantgebiet. Hrsg. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern.
- Marti, C.; Mollet, P. 1994: Auerhuhn-Schutzprojekt Honegg-Hohgant. Hrsg. Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach.
- Ottiger, A. 2001: Die Chancen der Alpwirtschaft in der Zukunft am Beispiel der Traubachalp. Hrsg. Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität Bern.
- Rouiller, P.; Widmer, U. 1978: Eine Einführung in den Karst vom Hohgant. Hrsg. Schweiz. Gesellschaft für Höhlenforschung.
- Von Arx, B et al. 1950: Die Seefeldhöhle. Hrsg. Selbstverlag.

QUALITY:
Vaste région montagneuse très riche en bas-marais et en hauts-marais. Important réseau de cavités souterraines et nombreux autres éléments géomorphologiques remarquables (karst, dolines, moraines). Refuge d'espèces à grand espace vital (lynx, grand tétras, aigle royal etc). Inclusion de pelouses maigres.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond approximativement au site marécageux no 13 "Habkern-Sörenberg". Il englobe de nombreux bas-marais et hauts-marais d'importance nationale. Il touche aussi deux objets IFP et une Réserve de biosphère.

OTHERCHARACT:
Zones étendues de lapiaz (Schrattenfluh)


QUALITY:
Ce complexe marécageux composé en majeure partie de bas-marais avec quelques surfaces de hauts-marais est riche en habitats visés par la résolution no 4.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond à un site protégé par décrêt cantonal. Elle comprend 3 bas-marais et 2 hauts-marais d'importance nationale.


QUALITY:
Complexe de marais et de forêts humides; site proposé comme réserve forestière, riche en structures paysagères. Grande richesse en amphibiens et en invertébrés. Zone de gîte hivernal pour le cerf.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au Landschaftschutzgebiet (selon mise en concept de mise en réseau "Maad") du plan directeur cantonal. La ZISC comprend 2 bas-marais et 2 sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale


DOCUMENTATION:
Inventaire des bas-marais.
Kantonaler Richtplan 1987.
Rezbanyai-Reser L. 2001: Zur Insektenfauna vom Hanenriet bei Giswil, 470 m, Kt Obwalden. I Allgemeines. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 45: S. 1-18.
Rezbanyai-Reser L. 2001:Zur Insektenfauna vom Hanenriet bei Giswil, 470 m, Kt Obwalden. II Lepidoptera 1: Macroheterocera. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 45: S 45-108.
Hoess R, 2001: Die Libellen (Odonata) des Giswilerriedes, Kanton Obwalden. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 46: S 129-146.
Herger P, 2004: Zur Insektenfauna vom Hahnenried bei Giswil, 470 m, Kanton Obwalden. III Coleoptera 1. Entomologische Berichte Luzern 51: S 1-18.

QUALITY:
Site lacustre comportant de belles ceintures riveraines marécageuses, particulièrement importantes comme refuge pour la faune et la flore des lieux humides.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site de reproduction des batraciens d'importance nationale no 123 et englobe un bas marais d'importance nationale.
Le périmètre complet est protégé par un décret cantonal.


DOCUMENTATION:
- NOK 1997: Bericht zur Umweltverträglichkeit, Kraftwerk Eglisau.
- Widmer, M. 1988: Der alte Rhein bei Rüdlingen.
- Widmer, M. 1990: Alter Rhein Rüdlingen, Jahresbericht.
- Rhein-Längsdamm, Rüdlingen 2002. Baudepartement des Kantons Schaffhausen.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale avec forêt riveraine composée d'habitats visés par la Résolution no. 4 (1996). Site abritant d'importantes populations de batraciens, notamment Bombina variegata et une avifaune riche. La partie de forêt alluviale située sur le territoire du canton de Schaffhausen est un ancien bras du Rhein, séparé par une digue construite il y a 100 ans.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au périmètre IFP, couvert presque entièrement par la zone alluviale d'importance nationale no 5. Il comprend également quatre sites de reproduction des batraciens d'importance nationale.
SH: la partie située dans ce canton fait également partie de réserves naturelles communales.


DOCUMENTATION:
Bossert, A. 1988: Die Reservate de Ala. Der ornithologische Beobachter, Beiheft 7, Ala Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Vogelkunde und Vogelschutz. (avec carte de végétation)
Leupi E. 1989: Pflanzensoziologische Kartierung des Boniswiler- und Seengenriedes am Hallwilersee. Mitt. Aarg. Naturf. Ges. Bd XXXII. S 129-140.
www.ag.ch/natur2001/

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au site protégé par décret kantonal du 13 mai 1986. Il englobe 1 bas-marais d'importance nationale et 1 site de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Buttler, A. 1987: Ecologie des marais non boisés de la Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel. Thèse Université de Neuchâtel
- Cornali, Ph. 1992: Ecologie des pinèdes de la Rive sud du lac de Nauchâtel. Thèse Université de Neuchâtel.
- Clerc, C. 2004: Typologie et cartographie de la végétation de la Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel d'Yverdon à Cudrefin. Edition: Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.
- Mulhauser, B. 1997: Inventaire de la faune de la Grande Cariçaie. Edition: Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.
- Keller, V. et Antoniazza, M. 2003: Espèces d'oiseaux pour lesquelles la Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel revêt une importance particulière. Station ornithologique suisse.
- Faune batrachologique de la Grande Cariçaie (à paraître en 2004). Edition: Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.
- Invertébrés de la Grande Cariçaie (à paraître en 2004). Edition Grande Cariçaie, Yverdon.

QUALITY:
La Grande Cariçaie est la plus grande surface de marais de Suisse. Elle forme aussi la plus longue portion de zone littorale naturelle lacustre.
De nombreuses espèces végétales et animales trouvent dans ce site leur dernier refuge en Suisse. Il s'agit aussi d'un lieu d'hivernage très important pour les oiseaux d'eau.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre de la ZISC correspond au périmètre des réserves naturelles instaurées par les cantons de Vaud et de Fribourg sur la rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel et inspirées essentiellement des périmètres du site Ramsar "Rive sud du lac de Neuchâtel" et du site marécageux d'importance nationale "Grande Cariçaie" et complété par l'OROEM no 7 "Grandson jusqu'à Champ-Pittet" et par l'OROEM no 4 "Fanel jusqu'à Chablais de Cudrefin, Pointe de Marin".
rem: les parties terrestres et de rivage des différents objets protégés par des inventaires fédéraux sont entièrement couverts par la ZISC
100% de la partie bernoise du périmètre font partie de la réserve cantonale "Fanel".


DOCUMENTATION:
- Auderset, D. et al 1994: Etude des étang du canton de Genève: étang des Douves, Etang Hainard, marais du Château. SFPNP, Laboratoire d'Ecologie aquatique de l'université de Genève.
- Auderset, D. et al 1993: Les plans d'eau du canton de Genève. Partie II. SFPNP, Laboratoire d'Ecologie aquatique de l'université de Genève.
- Bodmer, O. et Germoud, V. 1999: Recensement des secteurs et suivi des populations de castors du canton de Genève. Contact-Castor Genève. Manuscrit 12p.
- Ecotec 1991: Demande de modification de la concession de Verbois. Rapport d'impact. Services industriels de Genève.
- Theurillat, J-P. et Roch P. 1989: Allondon-Moulin-de Vert-Verbois. Situation, évolution, protection, gestion. WWF, section Genève.
- Vairon, C. 1997: Prairies maigres du canton de Genève. Inventaire, description, proposition de gestion, éléments de réflexion. SFPNP. Genève.
- Werdenberg, K et Hainard, P. 1999: Les paysages végétaux du canton de Genève avec carte de la végétation 1/25000. Série documentaire no 34, conservatoire et jardin botanique de la ville de Genève.
- Inventaire piscicole des cours d'eau du Canton de Genève, Etudes "Nature" Service des forêts, de la protection de la nature et du paysage, 2003

QUALITY:
Vaste complexe alluvial abritant une grande diversité d'habitats thermophiles de plaine, notamment riverains et alluviaux. Site d'escale protégé de longue date sur un corridor de migration d'importance européennne pour les oiseaux d'eau; liaison entre Natura 2000 et LEtournel (France). Plus de 1% des populations européennes de Fuligule morillon (Aythya fuligulosa) hibernent sur le site; 1% des milans noirs (Milvus migrans) y nichent.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre correspond à l'OROEM 9 avec quelques sites de reproduction de batraciens à proximité. Il est couvert en grande partie par des inventaires fédéraux et cantonaux désignant des biotopes et des paysages protégés.On y trouve l'unique station de Arabis scabra et la dernière population de Pyrgus cirsii.


QUALITY:
La ZISC est une région marécageuse des plus importantes du Mittelland entourée d'une zone agricole à proximité immédiate de l'agglomération de Zurich. Elle englobe les lacs "Chatzensee" supérieur et inférieur, reliés par un canal, et des étangs et offre donc une grande variété d'habitats palustres plus ou moins artificiels ou renaturés. Plusieurs plantes très rares de marais oligotrophes, ainsi que 8 espèces d'amphibiens, dont Bombina variegata y trouvent refuge.

OTHERCHARACT:
REMARQUE: estimations d'après GEOSTAT et sans orthophoto.


DOCUMENTATION:
Carte de la végétation et inventaire floristique de Märchligen-Au, Büro Bug 2002.
Hauri, R.: Die Vogelwelt des Reservates Selhofenzopfen im Belpmoos, Hrsg. von Bernische Gesellschaft für Vogelkunde und Vogelschutz, 1951.
Hauri, R.: Die Aarelandschaft zwischen Thun und Bern - ihre naturschützerische Bedeutung. Hrsg. von Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bern, 1979.
Jäggi, M.:Geschiebehaushalt der Aare zwischen Thun und Bern. Hrsg. von Tiefbauamt des Kantons Bern, 2001.
Von Känel, A. et al.: Die Gürbe, Istzustand aus gewässerökologischer Sicht dargstellt. Hrsg. von Bau-, Verkehrs- und Energiedirektion des Kantons Bern, 1993.
Hauri, R.: Die Vogelwelt der Elfenau bei Ber. Hrsg. von Der Ornithologische Beobachter, 1973.
Hausherr, E.: Die Berner Elfenau. Hrsg. von Naturforschende Gesellschaft Ber, 1954.
Naturaqua: Sanierung NSG Elfenau. Technischer Bericht Hydrologie und Geologie Hrsg. Baudirektion Stadt Bern, 1989.
Stadtgärtnerei Bern: Naturreservat Elfenau. Hrsg. Stadtgärtnerei Bern, Elfenau-Reservatskommission, 2001.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale d'importance nationale et régionale (Mittelland). Le lit principal de l'Aare est endigué, mais nombreux bras morts et résurgences. Présence d'une grande diversité floristique et d'importantes populations de batraciens.

DESIGNATION:
Le site correspond à la zone alluviale d'importance nationale Belper Giessen et à une hêtraie attenante au NE, il représente environ 2/5 de la surface de la zone sous protection cantonale "Naturschutzgebiet Aarelandschaft Thun-Bern".


QUALITY:
Un des plus importants sites marécageux de Suisse orientale, très bien conservé et abritant pratiquement toutes les associations de bas-marais, hauts-marais et marais de transition. Présence de plantes et d'invertébrés très rares. Avifaune très riche également.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du ZISC correspond au site marécageux d'importance nationale no 5 "Pfäffikersee". Il englobe 2 grands bas-marais d'importance nationale, 2 hauts-marais et 1 site de reproduction de batraciens.


DOCUMENTATION:
- Übersicht Moorlandschaft Maschwander Allmend, Gemeinden Hünenberg, Cham, Schutzplan 1997, Baudirektion des Kantons Zug.
- Fiche Naturschutzgebiete Nr. 6.02 Wannhüseren.
- Naturschutzgebiet Wannhüseren (6.002), FORNAT 1980
- Fiche Naturschutzgebiet Nr. 7.01 Rüss-Spitz.
- Naturschutzgebiet Rüss-Spitz (7.001), FORNAT 1980
- Rezbanyai-Reser L. 1992: Zur Insektenfauna vom Rüss-Spitz, Kt. Zug, bei Maschwanden ZH. Entomol. Ber. Luzern, Nr. 27: 1-24.

QUALITY:
Zone alluviale de type marécageux servant de refuge important pour l'avifaune. Numenius arquata, Gallinago gallinago et Lanius excubitor ont ici leur plus grande zone de reproduction au niveau de la Suisse.

DESIGNATION:
La ZISC correspond environ au site marécageux d'importance nationale no 251 "Maschwander Allmend". Elle englobe de nombreux bas-marais et sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale, également 3 zones alluviales d'importance nationale.
La vallée zougoise de la Reuss est au bénéfice d'une coneption du paysage avec mise en réseau selon OQE.


DOCUMENTATION:
-Amt für raumentwicklung : www.ow.ch.de.vereine.raumplanung
-Baggenstos : Erhebung zur Verbreitung und Biologie der Nidwaldner Haarschnecke (Trochulus biconicus) als rundlage für die Formulierung von Schutzmassnahmen
-Niederberger B. : Habitatmodellisierung des endemischen Landschneckenart Trochulus biconicus, Der Nidwaldner Haarschnecke auf der Spur, Master Thesis, Erdwissenschaften Lodron-Universität Salzburg

QUALITY:
La ZISC est principalement couverte de pelouses alpines, de végétation des dalles rocheuses et d'éboulis d'altitude, il se situe en dessus de la limite des forêts de 1600m à 2800m. Le périmètre est défini en fonction de l'écologie et de la localisation des principales populations de l'espèce endémique cible Trochulus biconicus.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre est défini en fonction de l'écologie et de la localisation des principales populations de l'espèce endémique cible Trochulus biconicus sur la base du rapport intermédiaire de l'étude de Baggenstos 2007-2008.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site de haute altitude composé de 2 parties. Sommets rocheux, éboulis et pelouses alpines.


DOCUMENTATION:
- museo cantonale di storia naturale: www.ti.ch/mcsn
- Die Alpenflora des Val Piora, Birkhäuser Basel, 2006
- Science et montagne CAS/SAC
- Bergseen der italienischen Schweiz, zwischen Piora und Cadlimo, Banca del Gottardo : www.leventinaturismo.ch

QUALITY:
La ZISC a été selectionnée sur la base de sa richesse en espèces de bryophytes, presque un tiers de la flore bryophytique y est recensé et la Suisse a une responsabilité forte pour leur conservation. La flore vasculaire est représentée par quelques espèces rares notamment l'espèce endémique des Alpes occidentales Euphrasia christii. Quelques milieux cibles surtout liés aux haut-marais. La végétation acide dominante sur gneiss laisse apparaître quelques taches de végétation calciphile sur dolomie.

DESIGNATION:
Les limites du site suivent les crêtes environnant le lac de barrage de Piora. Au sud le périmètre se calque sur la limite de l'IFP 1801 Piora-Lucomagno-Dötra qui englobe entièrement la ZISC. Sont compris dans le site quelques hauts-marais d'importance nationale.

OTHERCHARACT:
Ensemble de petit lacs alpins d'origine glaciaire, de pelouses alpines et de marais formant un paysage magnifique très bien préservé, mis à part le barrage de Ritom.


DOCUMENTATION:
- museo cantonale di storia naturale: www.ti.ch/mcsn

QUALITY:
La présence du mollusque endémique sur la crête et sur le versant nord des monts de Brissago et de la plante endémique ouest-sudalpine justifie le choix de ce site. La hêtraie étendue du versant nord fait partie des milieux visés par la Résolution.

DESIGNATION:
Le site s'étend du Gridone sur de la frontière italienne à l'alpage de Brissago et couvre le haut des versants nord et sud de la chaine. Le mollusque endémique est strictement liée au Luzulo-Fagenion bien représenté sur le versant nord.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site principalement couvert de forêt, au nord particulièrement le fagenion, habitat du mollusque endémique. Les pelouses alpines et subalpines couvrent les hauteurs.


DOCUMENTATION:
-museo cantonale di storia naturale : www.ti.ch/mcsn
-Fiches pratiques pour la conservation - Plantes à fleurs et fougères,crsf: Androsace brevis.

QUALITY:
Le choix de ce site est fondé sur la présence de l'espèce subendémique des Alpes insubriennes et orobiques Androsace brevis (Primulacées). La Suisse porte une grande responsabilité pour la conservation de cette espèce.

DESIGNATION:
L'espèce-cible colonise les pelouses alpines, les éboulis fixés et les fentes de rochers siliceux exposés au vent et au fort rayonnement solaire. Le site suit la frontière italienne sur les crêtes abritant la subendémique Androsace brevis.


DOCUMENTATION:
- museo cantonale di storia naturale: www.ti.ch/mcsn
- Marggi projet BDM: www.biodiversitymonitoring.ch
- projet de parc naturel (geoparc): www.parcobreggia.ch
- inventaire PPS/TWW
- publications Monte Generoso www.montegeneroso.ch
- Blant, M.; Moretti, M.; Della Toffola, R.; Pierallini, R., (accepted): Fauna olocenica del Sud delle Alpi. Chirotteri e Mammiferi terrestri tra passato e presente (Grotta del Canalone, Monte Generoso, Ticino). - Boll. Soc. tic. Sci. nat. 92
- Della Toffola, R.; Blant, M.; Magnin, B.; Moretti, M., (accepted): Inventaire de la faune holocène de la Grotta del Canalone (Monte Generoso TI) et interprétation paléoclimatique. - Stalactite 1
- Della Toffola, R.; Moretti, M.; Blant, M.; Morel, P., 2002: Ritrovamento di centinaia di ossa di pipistrello nella Grotta del Canalone (Monte Generoso, TI: risultati preliminari. - Boll. Soc. tic. Sci. nat. 90; 1-2)
- Boschi, C; Maddalena, T.; Moretti, M., 1998: Cacciare o osservare i camosci sul Monte Generoso? Valutazione della situazione del camoscio (Rupicapra rup. Rupricapra) nella regione del Monte Generoso e probabili conseguenze di un’apertura della caccia. – Il Nostro Paese: 39-51
- Moretti, M.; Patocchi N.; Zimbelli, N., 2000: Verifica degli interventi di gestione dei prati magri del Monte Generoso (Ticino, Svizzera) in base all’analisi di ropaloceri, ortotteri e ragni: risultati del primo controllo dopo cinque anni di gestione. - In: Villa, M. (ed.) Atti del seminario permanente per la gestione delle praterie di interesse naturalistico. Monte Barro, 20 Sept. 2000. 103-113
- Jäggli M. 1954. Specie termofili al Monte Generoso. Boll. Soc. Ticinese Sci. Nat. 49: 53-58
- Moretti, M.; Barbalat, S., 2004: The effects of wildfires on wood-eating beetles in deciduous forests on the southern slope of the Swiss Alps. - Forest Ecology Management 187: 85-103.

QUALITY:
Le Monte Generoso est un des plus beaux exemples au sud des Alpes en Suisse de nunatak ayant servi de refuge à des espèces peu mobile durant la dernière glaciation. Il abrite quelques subendémiques et surtout des animaux endémiques stricts. 
Il comporte également de nombreuses espèces et milieux dignes de protection au niveau national, ainsi que divers habitats visés par la Résolution 4 (prairies sèches recensées dans le cadre de l'inventaire fédéral TWW/PPS). Il est également riche en éléments culturels (IFP).

DESIGNATION:
Le site correspond précisément au site paysager d'importance nationale. Il comprend en outre 2 sites de reproduction de batraciens d'importance nationale et de nombreuses surfaces à l'inventaire des prairies sèches.

OTHERCHARACT:
Sommet calcaire isolé faisant frontière avec l'Italie. Le versant Suisse est escarpé, avec des parois rocheuses entrecoupées de pelouses dans la partie supérieure et des forêts caducifoliées continues jusqu'au pied du mont.


DOCUMENTATION:
- inventaire des zones alluviales d'importance nationale objet 176 et 177
- plan directeur cantonal des Grisons: www.richtplan.gr.ch

QUALITY:
La Basse Engadine est un centre de diversité floristique de la Suisse orientale.De plus l'espèce -cible de ce site alpin, le mollusque endémique Chilostoma adelezona rhaeticum, y trouve ses principaux habitats. Le périmètre présente aussi deux zones alluviales de qualité et quelques objets à l'inventaire des prairies sèches.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site est choisi en fonction de la localisation des populations de Chilostoma adelezona rhaeticum (endémique) et englobe 2 zones alluviales  et 2 site de reproduction des amphibiens d'importance nationale.


DOCUMENTATION:
- fiches pratiques pour la conservation- plantes à fleurs et fougères, Centre du Réseau Suisse de Floristique (CRSF): Dracocephalum austiacum, Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Cypripedium calceolus
- plan directeur cantonal des Grisons: www.richtplan.gr.ch
- Kleiner Alpenpflanzenführer:www.ardez.ch/pflanzen/ind_pflanzen.htm

QUALITY:
La Basse Engadine est un centre de diversité floristique de la Suisse orientale. La présence de 2 espèces Emeraude justifie le choix de ce site. Dracocephalum austriacum est une espèce orophile sarmatique-pontique pour laquelle la responsabilité Suisse à l'échelle alpine est forte. Une vingtaine de petites stations autour d'Ardez. Plusieurs prairies sèches figurant à l'inventaire fédéral sont une preuve de la présence de milieux riches et diversifiés.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre du site est défini d'après la présence de populations importantes de l'espèce-cible Dracocephalum austriacum colonisant les prairies sèches et les pelouses steppiques, il comprend deux périmètres prioritaires de l'inventaire fédéral des prairies sèches.

OTHERCHARACT:
Versant ensoleillé de la basse Engadine. Paysage  de talus arides et têtes rocheuses façonné par les glaciers.


DOCUMENTATION:
- plan directeur cantonal des Grisons: www.richtplan.gr.ch
- fiches pratiques pour la conservation- plantes à fleurs et fougères, Centre du Réseau Suisse de Floristique (CRSF): Draba ladina.

QUALITY:
Site de très haute altitude (en dessus de la limite forestière) avec pour cible la plante strictement endémique Draba ladina. Le site comprend des éboulis rocheux calcaires et dolomitiques ainsi que des pentes rocheusescalcaires avec végétation chasmophytique qui feront partie de la liste des habitats visés par la Résolution 4 de la Convention de Berne lorsque celle-ci sera harmonisée avec l'annexe 1 de la Directive Habitats (codes 8120 et 8210). Certains oiseaux rares tels que le Gypaète barbu et le Grand Tetras y trouve également refuge.

DESIGNATION:
Le périmètre fait le tour des crêtes et sommets abritant Draba ladina. Le site se situe en dessus de la limite forestière (au dessus de 2600m d'altitude sur la partie nord en dehors du Parc National) et se compose principalement de rochers, éboulis et pelouses de haute altitude.


QUALITY:
Le périmètre du site a été fixé en collaboration avec les acteurs locaux sur la base d'une procédure participative. Le site représente un paysage agricole tradidionnel typique du Mittelland. La principale espèce-cible est l'Agrion de Mercure (Coenagrion mercuriale) menacée sur la plan internationall. Des cours d'eau à l'état naturel (Langete, !Onz, Murg et Rot) avec leurs méandres, un réseau de milieux humides (ruisseaux et rivières), des cordons boisés offrent des habitats à de nombreuses espèces de la Résolution 6 .La richesse est étroitement liée à l'équilibre entre prairies irriguées et canaux de drainage.

OTHERCHARACT:
Site typique du Mittelland comprenant des zones urbanisées. Diversité des paysages et des milieux a beaucoup diminué lors de l'intensification agricole de la deuxième moitié du 20ème siècle.


OTHERCHARACT:
Lagodekhi site is a pair of protected areas in the Kakheti district of Georgia: Lagodekhi Strict Nature Reserve and Lagodekhi Managed Nature Reserve. Lagodekhi preserves a variety of rare local flora and fauna and was originally protected in 1912, under the Russian Empire, the first nature preserve in Georgia.Lagodekhi site is in north-eastern Georgia, on the southern slopes of the Caucasus, bordering Azerbaijan and the Dagestan republic of Russia. They comprise 19,749 hectares (76.25 sq mi) (strict nature reserve) and 4,702 hectares (18.15 sq mi) (managed nature reserve), extending from 590 to 3,500 metres (1,940 to 11,480 ft) above sea level, including several gorges. The major rivers flowing through the reserve are the Ninoskhevi, Shromiskhevi, Lagodekhistskali and Matsimistskali; at   the higher elevations there are glacial lakes, of which the largest is Black Cliff Lake, on the Russian border, with a depth of 14 metres (46 ft). There are also sulphur springs. The site extend from beech forests (broadleaf woodland dominated by fagus orientalis) to the Alpine zone. Approximately 70% of the area is forested; the second and third most prominent species are hornbeam (Carpinus caucasica) and various species of maple. The forest includes a wide variety of plant species; reputedly almost two thirds of those found in the entire country; and the lowland parts have been compared to the subtropical vegetation in the Black Sea region. Lagodekhi is also known for its animal life. It is one of the major reserves for the East Caucasian tur. Altogether 150 species of birds, 53 mammals, 5 amphibians, 12 reptiles, and 4 fish are found in the reserves; 26 of the plants and more than 40 of the animals are in the Red list of Georgia.


OTHERCHARACT:
The Region in north-eastern part of Georgia. Comprising the small river valleys of the Migmakhevi, Shatili, Arkhoti and the Aragvi, the province borders with Russian federation and is included in the present-day Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti region. Khevsureti, with the area of approximately 405.3 square miles (1050 km²), is traversed by the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Range, dividing the province in two unequal parts. Pirikita Khevsureti ("thither") is a larger one, with the area of c. 565 km², while Piraketa Khevsureti ("hither") occupies 428 km². The largest villages are Barisakho and Shatili.Its particular uniqueness is diversity of geographical and ecological zones, landscapes, historical monuments and rich flora and fauna. The site is became the protected area at 2014.


OTHERCHARACT:
There are three main bird migratory routes crossing the Caucasus, one of which goes through Javakheti Plateau. Lakes Khanchali, Madatapa and Bugdasheniare the most important of Javakheti wetlands. They receive thousands of migratory birds every year in addition to numerous nesting water birds. Site is part of Javakheti Protected Areas which was established in 2011. It includes Javakheti National Park, Kartsakhi Managed Reserve, Sulda Managed Reserve, Khanchali Managed Reserve, Bugdasheni Managed Reserve and Madatapa Managed Reserve.Javakheti Protected Areas include Municipalities of Akhalqalaqi and Ninotsminda. There are lots of lakes on Javakheti Plateau, including the biggest one – Lake Paravani. The highest point of Javakheti is Mount Great Abuli, with a height of 3,300 meters above sea level. Javakheti upland is the coldest places among settlements. It is characterized by dry continental climate, while the average annual temperature is quite low. In winter Javakheti lakes freeze for a long time.Javakheti’s mountain grasslands are nestled on Georgia’s borders with Armenia and Turkey. The area harbors five out of the eight largest lakes in Georgia. Listed as one of Birdlife International’s Important Bird Areas, the Javakheti Plateau is rich with important bird species: Velvet Scoter, Ruddy Shelduck, Ferruginous Duck, Corncrake, Dalmatian and White Pelicans , Marsh and Terek Sandpipers, Great Black-headed Gulls, Gull-billed Terns, White-winged Terns, White Storks, Wryneck, Goshawk and White-throated Dipper.


DESIGNATION:
The other International designation mentioned unde IN06, refers to ACCOBAMS agreement

OTHERCHARACT:
Kolkheti site covers Kolkheti National Park (KNP) and is situated at the Black Sea coast and covers an area of 28,940 hectares. KNP was established in 1998 and incorporated the much smaller (500 ha) Kolkheti State Nature Reserve, which was founded in 1947. KNP also includes lake Paliastomi. In 1997, Kolkheti wetlands were designated as a wetland of international importance  -  a Ramsar site under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.The territory of KNP is networked by numerous bog-type small stagnant rivers (Pichori, Kukani, Dedabera, Tkhorina, Tsia, Tsiva, Churia, Munchia, Mukhurjina, etc.). Peat bogs are an important feature of the national park.  The Anaklia, Churia, Nabada, Imnati, Maltakva, Grigoleti and Pichori peat bogs contain contemporary and fossil unbroken peat layers are located in the coastal plain and the depth of the peat layers in certain places exceeds 12 meters. KNP is on a major migration route for water birds and it is also an important wintering site and ecieves millions of migrating or wintering birds.Ecological aspects: ?BiodiversityMore than half the total area of the park - 15,742 ha is wetlands. There are numerous stagnant rivers and streams flowing in the coastal plain at an elevation of 0 –10 meters. A narrow strap of dunes, about 100-200-meters in width is developed along the Black Sea shore that rises 2-3 m above the coastal plain.The warm, humid climate and the abundant hydrographical network have created perfect conditions for rich flora and diverse vegetation. The coastal peat bogs are home to the Boreal flora species - sphagnum mosses (Sphagnum spp.), Drozera roxundiflora, Drosera rotundifolia, Rhinchospora afla, Carex lasiocarpa, Menianthes trifoliata, etc. Rhododendron flavum and Rhododendron ponticum are an important feature of the landscape. The swamped and wetland forests feature   Alnus barbata, Pterocarya pterocarpa, Quercus imeretina, Quercus  hartwissiana, etc. These so called Colchic forests are distinguished by the evergreen undergrowth and lianas including Hedera colchica. Aquatic plants, such as Nymphaea alba, Trapa colchica, etc., are common in the peat bogs, lakes, swamp rivers and along them. There is distinct vegetation on the narrow strap of sand dunes with typical salt tolerant xerophytes and ephemers such as Hippophae rhamnoides, Paliurus spina-christi, Imperata cylindrical, Cynodon dactylon, Pancratium maritimum, Glaucum corniculatum, etc. The flora of KNP is remarkably rich in relic and endemic species (Alnus barbata, Pterocarya  pterocarpa, Quercus imeretina, Quercus hartwissiana, Trapa colchica, etc.).Up to 200 bird species are found in the national park including several species listed on the IUCN and Georgian Red Lists. There are more than 40 fish species.There are the following main wetland habitats:  (a) Littoral sand and muddy sand, (b) Raised bogs, (c) Rich fens, (d) Moist or wet oligotrophic grassland and (e) Estuarine coarse sediment shores.


OTHERCHARACT:
Vashlovani site is situated in the extreme eastern part of Georgia, in the Dedoplistskaro district and mainly covers Vashlovani Protected Areas . The last reorganization took place in 2003 that resulted in the Vashlovani Protected Areas (VPA) consisting of Vashlovani Strict Nature Reserve, Vashlovani National Park and four Natural Monuments: “Eagle Gorge”, “Takhti-Tepa mud volcanoes”, “Juma Bay” and “Alazani Floodplains”. The total area of VPA is 33 594 ha. The area features a mosaic of rugged and relatively flat terrain with planes, hills, clayey steeps and dry gullies. Light forests are mainly found on slopes of 11-20o. In the northern and southern parts there are so-called ‘alesilebi’ – precipices that can be as high as 70 m. The Vashlovani area represents typical badlands. The altitude ranges between 90 to 845 m.a.s.l.Local climate is characterized by dry, hot summers with a maximum temperature of 39 oC. The mean annual temperature is 11.6 oC (August 23.8 oC, January 0.5 oC). The mean annual precipitation is 470 mm. The vegetative period begins in mid-April and lasts through October. There are two major rivers Alazani and Mlashetskali in the national park. There are also numerous streams and small rivers that completely dry up in summer. During the summer, water remains only in small ponds in shaded gullies.  More than 400 vascular plants (from 81 families and 294 genera) have been recorded in Vashlovani. Two of them are Georgian and 34 are Caucasian endemics.The vegetation of Vashlovani protected areas (Vashlovani National park and Vashlovani Nature Reserve) is characterized by remarkable diversity of plant communities some of which are represented in a number of variants and formations. The most common plant communities include:  •Lowland and foothills deserts•Phrygana-like vegetation •Steppe•Shibliak-like hemixeropilous scrub•Arid light woodlands •Foothills deciduous forestThere are also patches of flood plain forest, hygrophilous vegetation, humid scrub (conditional term), meadow-steppe, tragancanth and tomillar vegetation. Of the above vegetation classes, lowland deserts, arid light woodlands, steppe and foothills forest are the zonal vegetation of the region (Kiziki district of Kakheti, East Georgia). The others are largely intrazonal and their occurrence is accounted for by local terrain and soil conditions. The great variation in terrain and soil features results in a mosaic within the zonal vegetation. This is best expressed in the Kumuro and Bugha-Moedani areas as well as in the  Lekistskali gorge in which areas desert, steppe and arid woodland communities are found in a complicated mosaic. The natural pattern of vegetation distribution has been greatly affected by human influence as a result of which secondary vegetation is also common throughout the study area. Formerly cultivated lands feature vegetation that is drastically different from the surrounding undisturbed areas. A very distinct vegetation is also found at or near the livestock farms. ?FaunaA total of 16 species of fish inhabit the river Alazani, including sheat-fish, carp, pike, tusk, barbell etc. Most of the semiarid zone lies within the Iori Region IBA (Important Bird Area GE011; BirdLife International 2012). The IBA is important for breeding and wintering birds of prey (25 species recorded) and the steppe bird assemblage.The vertebrate fauna of Vashlovani is remarkably rich in reptiles and raptors.  There are 25 reptiles including Mediterranean tortoise, Caucasian agama and Caucasian sand boa and deadly poisonous Levantine’s viper.The diversity of small and large mammals is also noteworthy. A total of 46 species of mammals are found and the assemblage of large mammals is especially noteworthy : jackal, fox, lynx, brown bear, wolf, jungle cat, etc. Various birds of prey are found in large numbers including imperial eagle, griffon vulture, Egyptian vulture, black vulture, buzzards, short-toad snake eagle, etc.


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is, situated in the Lesser Caucasus in central Georgia, southwest to the nation's capital of Tbilisi and mainly is covered by Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park, which is one of the largest national parks in Europe.  The total area of the park is 5,300 square kilometres. Its particular uniqueness is diversity of geographical and ecological zones, landscapes, historical monuments and rich flora and fauna.The site extend from forests to the Alpine zone. The forest includes a wide variety of plant species; reputedly almost two thirds of those found in the entire country. Borjomi site is also known for its animal life.


EXPLANATIONS:
Decision of the 39th Standing committee meeting (document number T-PVS(2019)


EXPLANATIONS:
Decision of the 39th Standing committee meeting (document number T-PVS(2019


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is situated in the westernmost part of the Achara-Imereti range, on the Kobuleti-Chakvi ridge and covers 15,698 ha and covers territory of Mtirala National park.The park was established in 2006 with the primary purpose to protect an outstanding example of the Colchic forest, a distinct type of forest habitat found in western Georgia. This forest is distinguished by dense evergreen understory and lianas and is remarkably rich in endemic as well as relic species. The main feature of the park’s landscape is mount Mtirala (1,381 m) whose name translates as “crying mountain”. Situated between the Black Sea and Achara mountains, this mountain and surrounding areas intercept the humid air coming from the Black Sea and thus become the wettest point in all Achara which is anyway very humid. The annual precipitation at m. Mtirala is over 4,000 mm. It is almost always raining at mount Mtirala, hence its name. Much of the site is Colchic forest composed of deciduous species such as black alder (Alnus glutinosa), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). At higher elevations it is also mixed with Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana), Caucasian Spruce (Picea orientalis) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Colchic forest is characterised by a well-developed evergreen undergrowth composed of rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis), Black Sea holly (Ilex colchica),  Colchic box tree (Buxus colchica) and is distinguished by the abundance of lianas. Among the rare endemics, there are Georgia’s Red List species such as Mayflower (Epigaea gaultheroides),  Primula (Primula megasaefolia) and Transcaucasian birch (Betula medwedewii).


DESIGNATION:
the site is now recognised as a planned protected area

OTHERCHARACT:
Site is part of Javakheti Protected Areas which was established in 2011. It includes Javakheti National Park, Kartsakhi Managed Reserve, Sulda Managed Reserve, Khanchali Managed Reserve, Bugdasheni Managed Reserve and Madatapa Managed Reserve.Javakheti Protected Areas include Municipalities of Akhalqalaqi and Ninotsminda. There are lots of lakes on Javakheti Plateau, including the biggest one – Lake Paravani. The highest point of Javakheti is Mount Great Abuli, with a height of 3,300 meters above sea level. Javakheti upland is the coldest places among settlements. It is characterized by dry continental climate, while the average annual temperature is quite low. In winter Javakheti lakes freeze for a long time.Javakheti’s mountain grasslands are nestled on Georgia’s borders with Armenia and Turkey. The area harbors five out of the eight largest lakes in Georgia. Listed as one of Birdlife International’s Important Bird Areas, the Javakheti Plateau is rich with important bird species: Velvet Scoter, Ruddy Shelduck, Ferruginous Duck, Corncrake, Dalmatian and White Pelicans , Marsh and Terek Sandpipers, Great Black-headed Gulls, Gull-billed Terns, White-winged Terns, White Storks, Wryneck, Goshawk and White-throated Dipper. Southern and Nourthern-east banks of the lake are mostly boggy. In deep waters are spread analogous aquatic vegetation as those in Madatapa, and in shellows narrow zones of  Sagittaria sagitifolia L. are distributed.  It is mainly adjacent to community of horsetail among which dominates Equisetum heleocharis Ehrch. Some of aquatic plants are also mixed with components of mire vegetation, and on some sites abundant of Ranunculus lingua L. are observed.Usually, there is typoecological connection between Scolochloetum festucaceae and horse- tail. Transitive associations are often formed in the contact zone. Sometimes, zone grown with Equisetum is ommited and community of  Scolochloetum festucaceae purum is adjacent to aquatic vegetation directly. In that case, aquatic plants are often mixed to it and quite often community of Sclochloetum aquiherbozum is formed. Complex of sedge, which major components are Cariceta vesicariae and Cariceta dichroandrae, is adjacent to the communities mentioned above. The topoecological order also makes clear successial development of the bog. On rude peat and silt substrates Caricetum diandrae purum and Caricetum inflatae calliergonellosum are in complex with the sedge.   Sinusia of moss in the latter one, is formed by Calliergonella cuspidata, Hypnum lindbergii Mitt., Aulacomnium palustre and etc. It seems, the communities are formed at the last stage of bogging and at the next stage, communities of Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca and polidominant cereal meadows will substitute them


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is situated in the extreme eastern part of Georgia, in the Dedoplistskaro district and mainly covers Vashlovani Protected Areas . The last reorganization took place in 2003 that resulted in the Vashlovani Protected Areas (VPA) consisting of Vashlovani Strict Nature Reserve, Vashlovani National Park and four Natural Monuments: “Eagle Gorge”, “Takhti-Tepa mud volcanoes”, “Juma Bay” and “Alazani Floodplains”. The total area of VPA is 33 594 ha. The area features a mosaic of rugged and relatively flat terrain with planes, hills, clayey steeps and dry gullies. Light forests are mainly found on slopes of 11-20o. In the northern and southern parts there are so-called ‘alesilebi’ – precipices that can be as high as 70 m. The Vashlovani area represents typical badlands. The altitude ranges between 90 to 845 m.a.s.l.Local climate is characterized by dry, hot summers with a maximum temperature of 39 oC. The mean annual temperature is 11.6 oC (August 23.8 oC, January 0.5 oC). The mean annual precipitation is 470 mm. The vegetative period begins in mid-April and lasts through October. There are two major rivers Alazani and Mlashetskali in the national park. There are also numerous streams and small rivers that completely dry up in summer. During the summer, water remains only in small ponds in shaded gullies.  More than 400 vascular plants (from 81 families and 294 genera) have been recorded in Vashlovani. Two of them are Georgian and 34 are Caucasian endemics.The vegetation of Vashlovani protected areas (Vashlovani National park and Vashlovani Nature Reserve) is characterized by remarkable diversity of plant communities some of which are represented in a number of variants and formations. The most common plant communities include:  •Lowland and foothills deserts•Phrygana-like vegetation •Steppe•Shibliak-like hemixeropilous scrub•Arid light woodlands •Foothills deciduous forestThere are also patches of flood plain forest, hygrophilous vegetation, humid scrub (conditional term), meadow-steppe, tragancanth and tomillar vegetation. Of the above vegetation classes, lowland deserts, arid light woodlands, steppe and foothills forest are the zonal vegetation of the region (Kiziki district of Kakheti, East Georgia). The others are largely intrazonal and their occurrence is accounted for by local terrain and soil conditions. The great variation in terrain and soil features results in a mosaic within the zonal vegetation. This is best expressed in the Kumuro and Bugha-Moedani areas as well as in the  Lekistskali gorge in which areas desert, steppe and arid woodland communities are found in a complicated mosaic. The natural pattern of vegetation distribution has been greatly affected by human influence as a result of which secondary vegetation is also common throughout the study area. Formerly cultivated lands feature vegetation that is drastically different from the surrounding undisturbed areas. A very distinct vegetation is also found at or near the livestock farms. ?FaunaA total of 16 species of fish inhabit the river Alazani, including sheat-fish, carp, pike, tusk, barbell etc. Most of the semiarid zone lies within the Iori Region IBA (Important Bird Area GE011; BirdLife International 2012). The IBA is important for breeding and wintering birds of prey (25 species recorded) and the steppe bird assemblage.The vertebrate fauna of Vashlovani is remarkably rich in reptiles and raptors.  There are 25 reptiles including Mediterranean tortoise, Caucasian agama and Caucasian sand boa and deadly poisonous Levantine’s viper.The diversity of small and large mammals is also noteworthy. A total of 46 species of mammals are found and the assemblage of large mammals is especially noteworthy : jackal, fox, lynx, brown bear, wolf, jungle cat, etc. Various birds of prey are found in large numbers including imperial eagle, griffon vulture, Egyptian vulture, black vulture, buzzards, short-toad snake eagle, etc.


OTHERCHARACT:
The Chorokhi delta south of Batumi has proven to be an excellent spot for birdwatching due to its high variety in biotopes: bushes, dry & wet grassy plains, marshes, a boulder plain, the seashore... During migration season waders, terns and passerine birds proved to be the most interesting groups represented in the delta. In winter very high numbers of waterfowl can be excepted in the area. The delta has received the status of an IBA (important bird area).


OTHERCHARACT:
Site is situated in the extreme eastern part of Georgia, in the Dedoplistskaro district and mainly covers spacebetween Vashlovani Protected Areas and river Iori. Vashlovani Protected Areas (VPA) consisting of VashlovaniStrict Nature Reserve, Vashlovani National Park and four Natural Monuments: “Eagle Gorge”, “Takhti-Tepa mudvolcanoes”, “Juma Bay” and “Alazani Floodplains”. The area features a mosaic of rugged and flat terrain withplanes, hills, clayey steeps, dry gullies and typical badlands. Local climate is characterized by dry, hot summerswith a maximum temperature of 39 oC. The vegetative period begins in mid-April and lasts through October. Thevegetation is characterized by remarkable diversity of plant communities some of which are represented in anumber of variants and formations. The most common plant communities include: Lowland and foothills deserts,Phrygana-like vegetation, Steppe. The natural pattern of vegetation distribution has been greatly affected byhuman influence as a result of which secondary vegetation is also common throughout the study area. A verydistinct vegetation is also found at or near the livestock farms. Most of the semiarid zone lies within the IoriRegion IBA (Important Bird Area GE011; BirdLife International 2012). The IBA is important for breeding andwintering birds of prey (25 species recorded) and the steppe bird assemblage.


QUALITY:
Among largest and most diverse palsa mires in Iceland.Globally important breeding and feeding site for Anser brachyrhynchus. Estimated to be the largest breeding colony in the world for the species. Over 23.000 breeding pairs estimated in 2010, which is 19% of Icelandic population. Iceland most important breeding area for the species.


QUALITY:
A highly diverse freshwater and wetland habitat system in a volcanically active zone. Site of global importance for waterbirds. Most important site in Iceland for Bucephala islandica (90% of breeding population and 70% of wintering population). Iceland is only breeding site for the species in Europe. Most important site in Iceland for Podiceps auritus (53% of breeding population) which is classified VU on the global IUCN Red List, but population increasing in Iceland so classified LC on national Red List.Very important site for Aythya marila (30% of breeding population). Populations is declining in Iceland and it is classified VU on national Red List but LC on global Red List.Important site for Histrionicus histrionicus (3% of breeding population) and Gavia immer (2,6% of breeding population).


QUALITY:
The largest protected area in Iceland, covering over 14700 km2. Includes Vatnajökull, the largest ice cap in Europe. The national park characterised by high landscape and habitat diversity including unique glacial and volcanic features. Very important site for geothermal alpine habitat types.Largest breeding colony of Branta leucopsis in Iceland is inside the National Park (over 50% of breeding population). Important breeding and moulting site for Anser brachyrhynchus (3% of breeding population, 2-3% of moulting population). Over 2% of known territories of Falco rusticolus in Iceland are within park borders, probably an underestimate. Important breeding site for Phoca vitulina within park borders (9% of Icelandic population). Historically large breeding site of Stercorarius skua within the park borders (c. 16% of Icelandic population in 1985-1985).


QUALITY:
Large highland wetland area in 600 meters above sea level with high plant diversity. Among the largest palsa mires in Iceland.Used to be the most important breeding site for Anser brachyrhynchus, but in 2010 only 1% of Icelandic population nested there (1539 breeding pairs). Still a site of importance as Iceland is the most important breeding area for the species.


DOCUMENTATION:
Naturmonographie Ruggeller Riet, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 12, Vaduz 1990 Inventar der Naturvorrangflächen im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Mario F. Broggi, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 15, Vaduz 1996 Die Magerstandorte des Fürstentums Liechtenstein, Georg Amann; Andreas Beiser; Michael Dipner; Mary Leibundgut; Cornelia Mayer; Rudolf  Staub, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 29, Vaduz 2013 Brutvogelatlas, Georg Willi, Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein, Band 31, Vaduz 2019 Grundlagenstudie zur Hydrologie, Bodenbeschaffenheit und Agrarnutzung im Naturvorranggebiet des Ruggeller Rietes, BZG 2001 Vegetationskartierung Ruggeller Riet 2018, Renat AG  2018

QUALITY:
With its 90 ha, the Ruggeller Riet is the most important and largest fen complex in Liechtenstein. As the largest remaining remnant of the once widespread mires of the Alpine Rhine Valley, the Ruggeller Riet has been under nature conservation by ordinance since 1978 and has been a Ramsar Convention site since 1991. Together with the mire areas in Sennwald (Switzerland) and the bordering Natura 2000 site Bangs Matschels (AT3408000), the area represents a transboundary hotspot of wetlands in the Alpine Rhine Valley. Within the perimeter of the nature reserve, all areas formerly used for intensive agriculture have been extensified over the last decades. Today, most of the area is used as straw meadow. It is not allowed to cut the straw meadow before 15th September. The diversity of plant communities provides a habitat for a large number of rare animal and plant species. With around 450 plant species, the Ruggeller Riet has the highest plant diversity in Liechtenstein. Plant species such as the rare Allium suaveolens or the Siberian Iris have their distribution focus here. It is a breeding and migration area of supra-regional importance for birdlife and is home to the most important and in some cases the only populations of many species that are rare in Liechtenstein, such as the Corncrake, Whinchat and Grasshopper Warbler. It is also particularly important as a habitat for rare butterflies such as the False Ringlet and rare snail species. The Ruggeller Riet is also the central mire area in the awareness of the local people, with high numbers of visitors as part of local recreation area. It is therefore an ideal place for making people understand the importance of nature conservation issues. In order to protect the rare meadow breeders and the vegetation, it is forbidden to leave paths. Compliance is ensured by nature guards.

DESIGNATION:
The entire area is designated as a nature conservation area (Law of 23 May 1996 on the Protection of Nature and Landscape (Nature Conservation Act).

OTHERCHARACT:
The nature protection area „Ruggeller Riet“ has been forming postglacially after the melting of the Rhine glacier. The ridges of the mountains „Eschnerberg“ an „Schellenberg“ (Helvetikum)  were preventing the area at issue from even levelling by the debris of the river „Rhine“. Thereby, a large backwater was emerging. The marshlands of today have been formed through the silting up of this backwater. The peat thickness is up to 9m in the centre an decreases towards the river „Rhine“ and the mountain „Schellenberg“. Within the nature protection area, some clay-sand layers from earlier floods of the nearby rivers „Ill“ and „Rhine“ can be found. Nowadays, a network of open artificial ditches drains the area towards the west. The Ruggeller Riet is now higher than the surrounding area due to intensive agriculture in the latter. The intensive agriculture lead to  the subsidence of the peaty soils as a result of the mineralisation after the drainage. Due to these circumstances, the „ Ruggeller Riet“ is increasinlgy influenced by rainwater and increasingly less influenced by groundwater. Accrodingly, tendencies of superficial acidification can be observed. Moreover, shifts in the vegetation indicate tendencies of desiccation and eutrophication.


DOCUMENTATION:
Grossmann, F. (1977): Bericht zur Vegetationskarte des Naturschutzgebietes Schwabbrünnen-Äscher. BZG Bericht 77, S. 38-43.Amann, G. & RENAT (2010): Aktualisierung der Vegetationskarte des NSG Schwabbrünnen-Äscher. Bericht zur Kartierung. 37 S.

QUALITY:
The Schwabbrünnen-Äscher is the second largest fen complex in Liechtenstein with its 54 ha, of which around 34 ha are bog areas. As the remnant of the once widespread mires of the Alpine Rhine Valley, the Schwabbrünnen-Äscher has been the first Liechtenstein nature reserve to be protected by ordinance since 1961. In 1975, it was extended to include the Nendler Rüfe with the flood protection basins and forest areas. Today, the marshland areas are used as straw meadows with late cutting after 15th of September. The diversity of plant communities provides a habitat for a high number of rare animal and plant species. The Schwabbrünnen-Äscher has a high plant diversity with over 500 plant species. A special feature is the Orchis palustris, which only occurs here. The area is of special importance as a habitat for rare butterflies (e.g. False Ringlet) as well as rare snail species. Numerous dragonfly species also benefit from the high humidity; the only known Liechtenstein site of the Mercury Bluet is in the limestone sinter sites. Together with the forest areas, the Schwabbrünnen-Äscher also forms an important wildlife conservation area in winter. Accordingly, it is designated as a winter resting zone with a ban on entering from January to March.

OTHERCHARACT:
The nature protection area Schwabbrünnen-Äscher was formed postglacially after the melting of the Rhine glacier. The location at the foot of the slope between the scree cones of Schaan (Forstrüfe) and Nendeln (Nendler Rüfe) and the distance to the Rhine prevented an even levelling by the debris of the Rhine. A larger backwater was formed here and through successive silting up the present marsh areas were created. A network of open artificial ditches drains the area to the west. Impermeable layers partly force the slope water to the surface. The limestone sintering sites are a special feature of the Schwabbrünnen-Äscher. Towards the west the nature reserve is bordered by the railroad and towards the east by a road. To the north and south, the protected area also includes flood protection basins.


DOCUMENTATION:
In order to create favourable conditions for the reproduction of rare and endangered  species of animals and plants, the Government of the Republic of Moldova, by the decision No. 209 from April 23, 1991 on creation of the natural reserve "Beleu Lake", declared  that 1,5 km around Beleu Lake had to be considered natural reserve "Prutul de Jos" with a whole surface of 1 691 ha, of which:meadows  - 124 haforests - 306 hawaters - 628 haswamps and reed thicket - 610 haother areas - 23 haThe natural reserve "Prutul de Jos" is considered Scientific Reserve, according to IUCN classification, by the Law No. 1538-XVIII from February 25, 1998 on the fund of natural areas protected by state.

QUALITY:
The Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova has elaborated the herbarium of the reserve, which includes 190 species of vascular plants. Salix alba, Salix triandra and Salix viminalis occur among  timber species and regenerate very well in swampy conditions and water meadows. According to scientific investigations, 155 species of birds, 24 species of mammals and 15 species of amphibians and reptiles live in reserve and occur there during spring and autumn migrations.At present 15 species of fish (Cyprinus carpio, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Carassius auratus gibelio, Abramis brama) were inventoried in Beleu Lake.

DESIGNATION:
The natural  reserve "Prutul de Jos" has local, national and international significance. It plays host to many species of animals and plants and serves as a halt place for migratory species of animals.- it plays host to animal and plant species from swamps and water  meadows, - the reserve is a halt place for migratory species of animals, including 155 species of birds, 24 species of mammals and 13 species of amphibians and reptiles,- it is the spreading area of 190 species of plants,- 15 species of fish were identified as a result of investigations.

OTHERCHARACT:
The reserve includes Beleu Lake, a network of swamps and a sector of meadow. The soils represent clayey-sandy formations, which appeared as a result of high and low tides from the lake. There are about 190 species of vascular plants on the territory of the reserve, the majority being aquatic and paludous  ones. The fauna of the reserve constitutes 198 species of animals.


DOCUMENTATION:
The Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" was founded (in 1993) by the Government decision No. 403 from June 2, 1993, initially, on a surface of 6 032 ha. The Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" is managed by the State Forestry Service.

QUALITY:
The whole surface of the Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" is 6032 ha, of which 3054 ha are covered by forests.  Quercus robur is the mostly spread among tree species. The following species have a big weight:  Populus alba, Populus nigra, Populus canadensis.Then the following species come: Salex, Robinia, Acer, Fraxinus, Ulmus and various rasinous.

DESIGNATION:
The creation of the Scientific Reserve "Padurea Domneasca" contributed:- to protect  a wide spectrum of fauna and flora species, including "the country of herons" - the largest  colony  of waterfowls in the Republic of Moldova, which nest on oaks,- to protect the oldest forests from  the Prut River meadow,- to protect rare species of fauna and flora,- to protect migratory species of animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
The territory of the reserve represents a plain, which is inclined a little bit from North to South. The soils are represented by alluvial formations and meadow chernozems; saline soils occur at the boundaries, where the forests border on grassy cover. The natural forest covers 3054 ha (52.1% of the reserve); the forest stands constitute 1755 ha (30% of the reserve) and brushes cover 119 ha (2% of the reserve).The main forest types are the  following: oak groves, covering 1018 ha (18% of the reserve), poplar groves, representing 1082 ha (18.5% of the reserve) and willow groves, covering 372 ha (6% of the reserve). There are about 700 species of vascular plants on the territory of the reserve, of which about 79 are considered rare plants. The fauna includes 210 species, of which: mammals - 45 species, birds - 150 species, reptiles - 7 species and amphibians - 8 species.  14 species constitue the total number of rare terrestrial  vertebrate animals.


DOCUMENTATION:
Scientific Reserve Plaiul Fagului is created under the Government Decision no. 167 of March 12, 1992. Reserve Plaiul Fagului is protected under the "Law on State Protected Natural Areas", adopted by the Parliament of Moldova (1998) is attributed to the world scientific Reservations category. In Appendix 1 is assigned the row number 4.

QUALITY:
Year of establishment - 12 March 1992. Description - 5387 ha is occupied by trees, including beech formations (272 ha), Ash (1163 ha), two species of oak (1039 ha), lime (169 ha), other species (169 ha). A totalof  183 ha of forest area include:  arable land (7 hectares), orchards (8 ha), plantations (13 ha), pastures (21 ha), wetlands (7 ha), ponds (24 ha), construction (15 ha) , unproductive lands (35 ha). Flora - Flora includes 909 species of plants (639 species of vascular plants, 151 species of fungi, 48 species of lichens, 65 species of moss). Of the 270 plant species considered as rare flora in Moldova, 82 were highlighted in the area, and Dryopteris Austrian rediviva Lunaria, Orthilia second, Pyrola rotundifolia, Padus avium and Telekia speciosa are known only within the reservation.Fauna include 42 species of mammals (Insectivora - 6 species, Chiroptera-4, Lagomorpha - 1, Rodentia - 128, Carnivora - 8, Artiodactila - 5), about 110 bird species in 13 orders group (8 rare), 7 species of reptiles, 8 species of amphibians.

DESIGNATION:
The creation of the Scientific Reserve "Plaiul Fagului" contributed:- to protect  a wide spectrum of fauna and flora species,- to protect habitat of Beech forests,- to protect rare species of fauna and flora,- to protect migratory species of animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
Description - 5387 ha is occupied by trees, including beech formations (272 ha), Ash (1163 ha), two species of oak (1039 ha), lime (169 ha), other species (169 ha).


QUALITY:
Surface of protected area is 5642 ha, according to the Law, and  5558.7 ha in accordance with the forest management. The area of 720 ha is under the strict protection, and 4 455 ha represent a buffer zone.


DOCUMENTATION:
According to the Law on Environmental Protection (No. 1515 from 16.06.93), natural resources -  soil, subsoil, waters, flora and fauna are national treasures of the Republic of Moldova (Article 4, Chapter 1). The right to manage all natural resources on behalf of Moldova State Parliament (it is Chapter 2, Article 7, Chapter 3 of the Law on State Protected Natural Areas No. 1538 of  02/25/1998) provides that the fund may include protected areas and private lands, taken under the state protection.

QUALITY:
Framework Regulation on Wetlands of International Importance established administration tasks  for Ramsar areas (Article 13): 1) organizing and conducting of all forms of activity, ensuring the protection, preservation and restoration  of valuable sectors in terms of biodiversity; 2) preserve and improve conditions for aquatic and marsh birds, especially during periods of  migration,  and for natural ecosystems made of older trees, aquatic biotopes; 3) conservation of rare plants and animals, endangered and vulnerable bird colonies and concentrations of vulnerable animals such as bats, dragonflies, insects antofile and others by creating  optimal conditions of existence and reproduction; 4) create conditions for regulated tourism and recreation; 5) regulated management of natural resources; 6) promoting environmental education of the population.

DESIGNATION:
Protection of biodiversity and wetlands1) to ensure that Ramsar protection regime; 2) to implement measures for liquidation of pollution sources; 3) create and ensure the efficient operation of treatment plants; 4) to inform local and central authorities and operating environmental and central bodies of public administration, managing the water fund, about accidents that may have negative impact on the hydrological regime or cause damage to plants and animals


DOCUMENTATION:
All protected Areas in this zone are managed in conformity with the Law on natural areas protected by the state, adopted by the Parliament Decision no. 1538-XIII of 25.02.1998.

QUALITY:
Rayons of  Briceni, Edinet. Forestries of  Lipcani and Briceni. Forest  massifs of  Caracuaeni (1366 ha), Rososeni (1390 ha), Sireuti (1165 ha), Balasineati (664 ha).

DESIGNATION:
Area "Caracuseni" includes a number of State Protected Areas: Landscape Reserve "Tetcani" surface of 164 ha, Landscape reserve "Complex basin geology and paleontology of Lopatnic" 452 ha, Natural forest reserve "Rososeni" 149 ha, Botanical Nature Reserve "Rososeni" 368 ha. Botanical nature monument "Caracuseni" 4.2 ha. Geological and paleontological nature monument "Perera" 5 ha. Resources reserve  "Complex soils and gray-dark gray forest in northern Moldova" 52 ha


QUALITY:
Valuable ecosystems of Quercus petrae  and Quercus robur.The area was included into the project fo the first National Parc in Moldova with the total area of apprx. 20 000 ha.  Landscape reserve Tiganesti (680ha), Landscape reserve  Trebujeni (500 ha), secular trees.


DOCUMENTATION:
Law No. 1538-XVIII from February 25, 1998 on the fund of natural areas protected by state.

QUALITY:
Scientific reserve "Plaiul Fagului", Cornesti, Bahmut-LeurdoaiaLeurdoaia, Bogus, Scafareni Forest Nature Reserve,

DESIGNATION:
Codrii "Bahmut-Hirjauca" is a protected area with beech forests, oak habitats. There is a recreational zone with with cultural objects (monasteries).

OTHERCHARACT:
Valuable ecosystems of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in the Western part of  Central Moldova Plateau.


DOCUMENTATION:
Law on State Protected Natural Areas. Adopted by the Parliament Decision no. 1538-XIII of 25.02.1998.

QUALITY:
Ecosystems of Quercus petraea, Quercus robur and Quercus pubescens in the South part of the Republic of Moldova on the chain of hills which slope down towards the central zone of the country.

DESIGNATION:
Landscape reserve "Codrii Tigheci"( 3554 ha)

OTHERCHARACT:
Natural oak forest type and watershed forests on steep slopes. The composition of the forest: Quercus pedunculiflora, Q. petraea, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, Cerasus avium, Sorbus domestica. Among herbaceous plants, many Balkan-Mediterranean species: celnusa, pasqueflower negriscent and a.


QUALITY:
Ecosystems of  Quercus petraea,  Quercus pubescens and Fagus sylvatica and also the small areas of pastures and mezophyl meadow.  50 species of rare plants.Monasteries of  Capriana, Condrita, Suruceni, Hancu.

DESIGNATION:
Codrii Strasenilor are designated for forest and species protection, as well as used as recreational, tourist and cultural zone

OTHERCHARACT:
Natural forest on slopes with different exposition. The composition of the forest fall: oak, lime, hornbeam, different species of scrub. Some forest areas involve trees of more than 100 years age. Among the rare plants are vascular ones. It is a typical  central woods landscape area.


QUALITY:
Meadow ecosystems (forest, aquatic amd pastures) placed in the middle part of Prut river. Scientific reserve "Padurea Domneasca" and a number of different geoloic, landscape, aquatic and meadow  protected areas.Landscape reserve Suta de movile - 1072 ha, Izvoare-Risipeni - 1162 ha.

DESIGNATION:
- to protect  a wide spectrum of fauna and flora species, including "the country of herons" - the largest  colony  of waterfowls in the Republic of Moldova, which nest on oaks,- to protect the oldest forests from  the Prut River meadow,- to protect rare species of fauna and flora,- to protect migratory species of animals.


QUALITY:
Meadow ecosystems (forest, aquatic amd marshy areas) within the lower part of Prut river. There are rare plant species belonging to   these ecosystems, which have been included into the Red Book of Moldova: Nymphaea alba, Trapa natans, Salvinia natans.

DESIGNATION:
- it plays host to animal and plant species from swamps and water  meadows, - the reserve is a halt place for migratory species of animals, including 155 species of birds, 24 species of mammals and 13 species of amphibians and reptiles,- it is the spreading area of 190 species of plants,- 15 species of fish were identified as a result of investigations.


QUALITY:
Forest ecosystems of willow, white poplar and Quercus robur in the meadows of lower Nistru. Valuable surfaces with aquatic and marshy vegetation, marchy sectors, meanders of river in the proximity of villages of  Copanca, Talmaz, Olanesti and steppe zones near the villages of Ciobruciu, Rascaieti. Valuable surfaces with aquatic and marshy vegetation.

DESIGNATION:
Landscape reserve "Gradina Turceasca" (224 ha) Rayons of Causeni, Stefan - Voda. Forestry of  Copanca, Talmaz, Olanesti.The area is designated for the  protection of old Nistru river bed.


QUALITY:
Nature monuments (geologic and paleontologic) "Cosauti", hills "Casca", ravine "Bechirov iar", tectonic fault near  Naslavcea village, etc.  Forest and grassy ecosystems on stone substrates. Special landscale and ecological value.

DESIGNATION:
"Stincile Nistrene" is designated for protection of natural monuments, landscapes and areas.


QUALITY:
Quercus ecosystems. Monasteries of  Saharna and Tipova. Sectors of special landscape value.

DESIGNATION:
"Rezina-Tipova" is designed for protection of area, including caves, riverside zone, forests, etc. This are includes recreation zones and has a tourism significance.


QUALITY:
Composition and structure of steppes within this zone is very diverse. The  "Ciumai" area is considered as a nuclei-zone of international importance. It is formed of   Festucetum stipeto (S. ucrainica)-herbosum, Festucetum stipeto (S. lessingiana + S. ucrainica + S. capillata)-herbosum, Festucetum herbosum, Festucetum stipeto (S. capillata)-herbosum, Stipetum (S. capillata)-herbosum, Bothriochloetum stiposum (S. capillata), Bothriochloetum Within the Ciumai representative sector with steppe vegetation, 421 species of vascular plants were identified; within the Bugeac steppe near the village of Bugeac, 273 species of vascular plants were identified in the representative sector. Out of them,  13 species are rare, 9 are under the state protection, and 3 are included into the Red Book of Moldova.  The population is mainly dealing with agriculture (viticulture, horticulture and cattle-breeding).

DESIGNATION:
Bugeac steppe is designated for protection of steppe areas.


QUALITY:
There are 163 species of vascular plants on the 8 ha surface in the representation sector of steppe vegetation near the village of  Vranesti (Singerei rayon).

DESIGNATION:
Balti steppe area is a protected zone, being an unique natural stepper strip in the Northern part of Moldova.


DOCUMENTATION:
In conformity with the national classification, the Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" is attributed to the category of Landscape Reserves, in accordance with the Law on  the Fund of natural areas protected by the state, adopted by the Parliament of Moldova in 1998.

QUALITY:
Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" involve the genetic fund  of 543 species of vascular plants, inclusive 29 species of trees. The Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" is populated by 26 species of mammals, 69 species of birds, 9 species of amphibian and reptilian. The total number of rear and vulnerable species  is 18, inclusive Ameles decolor Charp., Carabus intricatus Germ., Hesperia coma L., Leptidea morsei Fenton, Aglais urticae L., Argynnis Pandora Den.et Schiff., Euphydryas maturna L., Melitaea athalia Rott., Catocala sponsa L., Xylocopa violacea L., Formica rufa L., Mantis religiosa L., Oryctes nasicornis L., Lucanus cervus L., Morimus funereus Mulsant, Callimorpha quadripunctaria Poda, Iphiclides podalirius L., Papilio machaon L.

DESIGNATION:
Padurea Harbovet" forest area was desemnated  as the natural protected area in 1975 by the Decision of the Council of Ministers of Moldovan SSR nr. 5 of 8.01.1075. The total area of the Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet" is 2218 ha.

OTHERCHARACT:
559,4 ha of the introducent arboreta were implanted in the Natural Protected Area "Padurea Harbovet", 471,9 ha of them are the arboreta of Robinia pseudoacacia,  17,0 ha of Gleditschia triacanthos, 16,7 ha of  Juglands regia, 10,0 ha of Juglans nigra, 6,0 ha - arboreta of Quercus rubra, 30,3 ha of arboreta de Pinus and 7,5 ha - Picea abies.


DOCUMENTATION:
Pădurea din Hânceşti este atribuită la Categoria Rezervaţii peisagistice. Este protejată de  către stat conform „Legea privind fondul ariilor naturale protejate de stat”, adoptată de Parlamentul Republicii Moldova(1998). Numărul de ordine din Anexa nr.5  este 23.

QUALITY:
The quality of the site is medium. the total number of species presented in the site: 292 vascular species of plants, 30 mammals sp., 108 birds sp., 13 sp. herpetofauna.  The list of rare and vulnerable species includes: 11 species of rare plants, 7 sp. of mammals, 7 birdsd sp., 6 insects sp. . Emerald species are: 1 sp. of mammals (Myotis dasycneme), 28 birds sp., 7 herpetofauna sp.

DESIGNATION:
Obiectiv specific al Ariei Protejate este protecţia arboretelor natural fundamentale,speciile de plante rare, peisajele. Arboretele natural fundamentale de  gorun şi de stejar pedunculat, peisagele.

OTHERCHARACT:
"Padurea Hincesti" site contains the vegetative associations of oak species. According to the law on Protected areas, the site is belonging to the landscape protected area cathegory (IUCN IV). It is considered relevant for this site to apply the natural regeneration methods by natural seeding and measures of maintaining and protection. "Padurea Hincesti" site is situated in close distance to Hincesti town, Sarata Mereseni and and Mereseni settlements in the Hincesti raion and is supposed to the medium antropic influience. The vegetative associations of introducent species as pinus, nut and acacia are present in the site. The site is administrated by the mereseni Foresry administration, Forestry enterprise "Hincesti".


QUALITY:
The quality of site is medium. There are 10 rare and vulnerable plant species, 6 bird species, 4 herpetofauna species are present in the site. Among the important species protected by the Bern Convention - 1 mammal sp. (Lutra lutra L.), 12 bird sp., 11 herpetofauna sp.

OTHERCHARACT:
The "Curatura" site is situated between Poiana and Curatura settlements in the Soldanesti raion at the Dnister river bank.  It includes parcelles 23-20 of the Soldanesti Forestry Administration (Ocolul silvic), Forestry enterprise Soldanesti. According to the law on Protected areas, the site "Curatura" is defined as the landscape protected area category (IUCN IV). It is represented by the vegetative associations: As Quercetum robori-petraeae Borza 1929 (1959) and phytocenosis Scirpus triqueter. There are two invasive species: Urtica dioica L. and Acer negundo L.


QUALITY:
The conservation quality of site is medium. The total number of species presented here: 188 vascular plant species, 28 mammals sp., 52 bird sp., Total number of rare and vulnerable species: 20 plant sp., 7 mammals sp., 1 bird sp., 1 sp. herpetofauna,5 insect sp.Emerald species: 11 bird species, 10 sp. herpetofauna, 2 sp. insects.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site "Climauti de Jos" is administrtated by the Soldanesti Forestry Administration, Soldanesti Forest enterprise. The site is situates close to "Climauti de Jos" settlement, near Soldanesti town. According to the IUCN classification, the site is the lansdcape natural reserve IUCN IV. vegetetative associations: Ass. Querco(roboris)-Carpinetum Borza 1937, Ass. Ceraso(avium)-Quercetum Gheideman and col., 1964


DOCUMENTATION:
Aria Naturală Protejată „Cărbuna” este atribuită la categoria Rezervaţii Peisagistice, conform „Legea privind fondul ariilor naturale protejate de stat”, adoptată de Parlamentul Republicii Moldova(1998). Numărul de ordine din Anexa nr.5  este 11.

QUALITY:
The site is a medium quality of conservation. The site has a social importance for the local people form the neighboring settlements. Local people use to collect wood from the sanitar cutting in the site. The site can play important role as an educative site for school children for biological normative course, for art, photo etc. The genetic diversity has also scientific importance. The total number of species presented in the site - 384 vascular sp., 24 mammals sp., 51 birds sp., 12 herpetofauna sp., The total number of rare and vulnerable species: 9 plant sp.,  5 mammals sp., 1 bird sp., 2 herpetofauna sp., 13 insect sp.Emerald species: 1 mammals sp., (Myotis dasycneme), 6 bird sp., 7 herpetofauna sp., 1 insect sp.

OTHERCHARACT:
The site "Carbuna" is representing with the oak and hornbean associations of the medium productivity. In accordance with the Law on protected areas, the "Carbuna" protected area is defined as the lanscapes protected area (IUCN IV). In accordance with the Law on protected areas, the "Carbuna" protected area is defined as the lanscapes protected area (IUCN IV). The age of trees is 60-80 years, average high is 22 m. It is in a close distance to the settlements - Carbuna, Zliti and others, constructions and the railway Chisinau-Iargara.  The site is administrrated by the Carbuna Forestry Administration, Silvo-cinegetic enterprise "Sil-Razeni". No any touristic or recreation objects placed in the territory of the site. There is acacia plantation in the site. There is a Management plan for the "Carbuna" site in place and an inventary of forestry resources is developed. The presented vegetative associations are represented by Q. pubescens, Q.petrae and Q. robur. The regenerarion of the vegetative association is recomended by natural regenirarion metghods using seeding plantations. There is important site for recreation for local public.


OTHERCHARACT:
Protected area "Lunca Baraboi' bolongs to the category of protected area with the multifunctional management, according to the law on protected areas - IUCN - IV cathegory, Meadow (de lunca) natural reserve. the 'Baraboi" site is situated close to the Briceva and Antoneuca settlements, and is administrated by the Baraboi mayory , Donduseni raion. It is part of the Balti steppe field (chimpia) and Prutului de Mijloc (middle prut river) with the steppic meadow landscape. Vegetative associations: Ass. Agrostetum stoloniferae Ujvarosi 1941, Ass. Agrostetum tenuis Sapegiu 1986, Ass. Agrostetum giganteae M. Kosmodamianskaia 1967.


QUALITY:
The "Luncile Bursuceni" site is of a medium conservation quality.The total list of species of flora comprise 114 of vascular species. Important meadow plant species are: Alopecurus arundinaceus, Alopecurus pratensis, Asparagus officinale, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex vulpina, Festuca pratensis, Iris halophila, Juncus gerardii, Limonium gmelinii, Poa pratensis, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia gigantea.

DESIGNATION:
Comunităţi vegetale de luncă şi specii de plante reprezentative şi caracteristice pentru vegetaţia de luncă (Juncus gerardii).

OTHERCHARACT:
The Emerald site "Luncile Bursuceni" is the natural reserve protected under the law on Protected areas, it belongs to the IUCN IV cathegory and is the multifunctional area of the meadow vegetation. The site is administrated by the Local administration of Bursuceni village, Singerei raion.  The site is situated along the meadow bank of Ciulucul Mic river. Important vetetative associations: Phragmitetum vulgaris Soó 1927, Caricetum otrubae Dihoru (1969) 1970 , Alopecuretum ventricosi Turenschi 1966, Puccinellietum distantis Soó 1937; Knapp 1948, Juncetum gerardii (Warming 1906) Nordhagen 1923; Wenzl 1934.Invasive species presented in the site are Cardaria draba, Lepidium ruderale, lepidium campestre,  Senecio vernalis, Xanthium strumarium.


QUALITY:
Mentinerea nivelului apelor freatice, purificarea apelor de suprafată, retinerea materialului de calmatareGenofondul speciilor de plante poate fi utilizat în educarea tineretului studios si efectuarea cercetărilor stiintifice de monitoring

DESIGNATION:
Aria protejata reprezintă un sector de luncă cu vegetatie de pajiste primară (n-a fost arată) de luncă cu predominarea golomătului

OTHERCHARACT:
Aria Protejata reprezintă un sector de luncă cu vegetatie de pajiste primară de luncă cu predominarea golomătului


QUALITY:
Medium conservation quality. A number of Emerald species are represented in the area. Local community and local people use the wood collected from the sanitar cutting. This protected area can be used for educational scopes by local schoolchildren (for biology, art and design, photography etc).


DOCUMENTATION:
The Protected Natural Area La  Castel was set up in accordance with the Decision N 5 from January 8, 1975 of the Soviet of Ministers of the SSR Moldova. It is a natural reservation of the IV IUCN category.

QUALITY:
The Protected Natural Area La Castel is referred to as the Category of Landscape Reservations which are protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998.The landscape reservation La Castel is situated not far from the villages Gordinesti, Burlănesti, Edinet district, in the lots 40-48 from the Forestry Edinet within the Facility for Forestry  Edinet.

DESIGNATION:
On the territory of the Protected Area La 33 de Vaduri, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 1 species of plants, 2 species of mammals, 1 species of birds and 5 species of invertebrates. As a result of the analysis of trees from the natural reservation La Castel we drew the conclusion that the main trees that cover large territories are common and peduncular oaks and other kinds of plants. The growth of common and peduncular oaks is performed only with the help of the method of sowing and development of sapling-covered areas. The regeneration of common and peduncular oaks takes place due to the process of natural regeneration.

OTHERCHARACT:
The main natural trees that grow in this area are peduncular oaks, common oaks, populations of rare animals and plants and landscapes.In the Protected Natural Area we can also fiind rocks, archaeological vestiges which are of special interest for the organization of tourism.


EXPLANATIONS:
The Landscape Reservation Nisporeni is situated to the south-east of the town Nisporeni. It includes the plots 7-38 of the Forestry Nisporeni in the Facility for Forestry “NISPORENI-SILVA” and plots 1-21 and 23 in the Forestry ONEȘTI within the Facility for Forestry “HÎNCEȘTI-SILVA”.Among other sights besides the forestry ones there is the monument “The Girl’s Cross” in the Protected Area. There also exists a legend about the origin of this monument.

QUALITY:
The forest resources of fluffy and common oaks cover the biggest part of the reservations. The basic associations are: As. Cotino-Quercetum pubescentis Soo 1932; As. Carpino-Quercetum petraeae Borza 1941; As. Tilio-tomentosae-Carpinetum Doniță, 1968.

DESIGNATION:
The Landscape Reservation Nisporeni is situated to the south-east of the town Nisporeni. It includes the plots 7-38 of the Forestry Nisporeni in the Facility for Forestry “NISPORENI-SILVA” and plots 1-21 and 23 in the Forestry ONEȘTI within the Facility for Forestry “HÎNCEȘTI-SILVA”.Among other sights besides the forestry ones there is the monument “The Girl’s Cross” in the Protected Area. There also exists a legend about the origin of this monument.The forest resources of fluffy and common oaks cover the biggest part of the reservations. The basic associations are: As. Cotino-Quercetum pubescentis Soo 1932; As. Carpino-Quercetum petraeae Borza 1941; As. Tilio-tomentosae-Carpinetum Doniță, 1968.

OTHERCHARACT:
The protected Natural Area Villa Nisporeni is protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998. It is referred to as the Category of Landscape Reservations.It is a natural reservation (referring to category IV IUCN) It belongs and is administered by the Facility for Forestry “NISPORENI-SILVA” and by the Forestry ONESTI within the Facility for Forestry “HÎNCESTI-SILVA”.


QUALITY:
Important associations from the Protected Area are: as. Querco-robori-Carpinetum Soo et Pocs (1931) 1957.

DESIGNATION:
A specific objective of the Protected Area Zăbriceni is protection of populations of rare plants and animals, fundamental natural arboreta of peduncular oaks and landscapes. On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 3 species of mammals, 1 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 4 species of invertebrates.Important associations from the Protected Area are: as. Querco-robori-Carpinetum Soo et Pocs (1931) 1957.

OTHERCHARACT:
The protected Natural Area 21 Zăbriceni is reffered to the Category of Landscape Reservations which are protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998. A specific objective of the Protected Area Zăbriceni is protection of populations of rare plants and animals, fundamental natural arboreta of peduncular oaks and landscapes. On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 3 species of mammals, 1 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 4 species of invertebrates.


QUALITY:
Important associations from the Protected Area: as. Cotino-Quercetum pubescentes Soo 1932.

DESIGNATION:
On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 6 species of plants, 1 species of mammals, 2 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 5 species of invertebrates.

OTHERCHARACT:
A specific objective of the Protected Area Fetești is protection of populations of rare plants and animals, of fundamental natural arboreta of fluffy oaks, of peduncular oaks and landscapes. On the territory of the Protected Area Fetești, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 6 species of plants, 1 species of mammals, 2 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and amphibians and 5 species of invertebrates.


QUALITY:
The objective of this area is to preserve the fundamental tree of peduncular tree, the aquatic resources (springs), rare species of plants and animals. The protected area La 33 Vaduri contains associations of peduncular oak and hornbean.

DESIGNATION:
The Protected Natural Area La 33 de Vaduri is situated in the vicinity of the village Naslavcea and is influenced by the activity of the population from these localities, that’s why it is necessary that we should organize an analysis and a strategy for tackling the phenomena of threats and pressures. In the protected area La 33 de Vaduri there exist territories with introducent plants which do not present any interest for the conservation of biodiversity. People from the neighbourhood localities use wood resources obtained from the sanitary cutting of trees.

OTHERCHARACT:
The Protected Natural Area 28 La 33 de Vaduri is referred to the Category of Landscape Reservations. It is protected by the “Law regarding the fundamentals of natural areas protected by the state” adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998. On the territory of the Protected Area La 33 de Vaduri, we can come across species of plants and animals which are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, namely, 1 species of plants, 2 species of mammals, 1 species of birds and 5 species of invertebrates.


DOCUMENTATION:
The protected area is situated in the river meadow of the river Cubolta and administered by the mayoralty Maramonovca in Drochia district.The main sites are represented by the pasture in the river meadow with reed which contains a sector with primary vegetation of 38 species of vascular plants.

QUALITY:
Important associations are: Ass. Sparganio-Glicerietum Br.-Bl.. 1925, Ass. Caricetum ripariae Soo 1928, Ass. Caricetum vulpine Nowinski 1927, Soo 1969.

OTHERCHARACT:
It is a natural area protected by the state. The swampy river meadow with bulrush was created in accordance with Decision 1538-XIII from 25.02,98 which was published in the Official Monitor nr. 66-68/442 from 16.07.1998, article 105.It is referred to as Natural Reservation (category IV IUCN)


QUALITY:
In the vicinity of the protected area the localities of the commune Maramonovca and the village Ceapaevca are situated and this fact produces an impact upon the condition of the protected area. There are territories with pasture which are very intensely used. There are also agricultural fields in the vicinity of the protected area, however, there are no industrial enterprises or other kinds of enterprises which would pollute the protected area of the river meadow.The fact that the hay is collected twice a year: in May-June and in July-August represents a great opportunity for the development of the community. The area plays an important role in maintaining the level of the water table, in the process of purification of surface waters, in the process of preservation of the material calming.

DESIGNATION:
The protected area the swampy river meadow with reed is situated in the northern part of the village Ceapaievca, in the river meadow of the river Căinari.The protected area is situated in the river meadow of the river Cubolta and administered by the mayoralty Maramonovca in Drochia district.The main sites are represented by the pasture in the river meadow with reed which contains a sector with primary vegetation of 38 species of vascular plants.Important associations are: Ass. Sparganio-Glicerietum Br.-Bl.. 1925, Ass. Caricetum ripariae Soo 1928, Ass. Caricetum vulpine Nowinski 1927, Soo 1969.

OTHERCHARACT:
The protected area represents a zone of the river meadow with primary pasture with bulrush. The protected area is administered by the Mayoralty Maramonovca from the district of Drochia. The river meadow represents a zone with primary vegetation which includes 38 species of vascular plants. We can also find here species of plants which are rare in the pasture land of river meadows: Juncus filiformis, Butumus umbelatus, Gliceria maxima, Alopecurus arundinaceus, Poa pretense, Filipendula ulmaria, Oenanthe aquatica, Triglochin palustre.Important associations: Ass. Scripeto-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926; Glycerietum maximae, Heck 1931; Butumetum umbelati Konczak 1968, Philipii 1973.


QUALITY:
Forest ecosystems of the protected area benefit the communities around climate regulation, reducing soil erosion, maintain groundwater.

DESIGNATION:
Forest cherry, oak and birch that have great importance for the local population and protection of various animal species


DOCUMENTATION:
It is protected by the state in accordance with “The Law regarding the fundamentals of development of areas protected by the state” which was adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1998.

QUALITY:
The motorway Ocnita-Briceni, and the electric network of high tension are situated close to the boundaries of the Protected Area. The village Ocnita is situated in the vicinity of the protected area and this fact produces an impact upon the flora and the fauna of the protected area. The local population uses wood to warm their houses and construction purposes, gather hay, medicinal plants and mushrooms. The forest ecosystems in the protected area benefit the neighbourhood by influencing the climate, by reducing the level of erosion of the soil, by diminishing the possibilities of landslides, and by properly maintaining the table of waters.

DESIGNATION:
The land owner is Forestry Ocnița, the Facility for Forestry Edineț. Important associations are: Ass. Querceto (roboris) – Cerosietum Gheideman et aut. 1964 subass. Dambucietosum prunitosum.

OTHERCHARACT:
The main objects or values of protection of the Protected Area are the trees of oaks, common oaks and species of rare plants and animals. A great number of plants are included in the Red Book of Moldova: Viburnum opulus, Dryopteris carthusiana, Lilium martagon, Padus avium, Athyrium filixfemina.


DOCUMENTATION:
Law on State Protected Natural Areas, adopted by the Parliament (1998)

QUALITY:
Protect different species, recreational value

DESIGNATION:
Important Associations: As.Cotino-Soo pubescentis Guercetum 1932 as Pruno spinosae-Soo Crataegetum 1931. Downy oak ecosystems. In the protected area Telita to be found about 13 rare plant species, 16 animal species and three invertebrates.

OTHERCHARACT:
Poplar, downy oak forest. Forest Hill and Forest meadow


QUALITY:
Territory is important for the local population as grassland and potential as a meadow. It is also an aesthetic element of the landscape and can be admired and studied by tourists and specialists. Place of the populations of bird species, reptiles and amphibians that destroy the pests of agriculture.

OTHERCHARACT:
The region of the steppe fragmented fields of the Bugeac. The Ceagăi and Cogîlnicu hills, made up of sandy deposits, with typical low humerus chernozems on loessoid tiles of small thickness with oak forests (garnettes) and pheasant-dwarf vegetation


DOCUMENTATION:
The Protected Natural Area Zoloceni  is attributed to the category of Landscape Reserves, in accordance with the Law on the Fund of natural areas protected by the state, adopted by the Parliament of Moldova in 1998.


DOCUMENTATION:
It is included in the national ecological network as the nucleus. There is Moldsilva's forest management plan

QUALITY:
Territory is an aesthetic element of the land and it is interesting for tourists and specialists.

DESIGNATION:
The core area of the National Ecological Network

OTHERCHARACT:
The main types of ecosystems:- forests: Salicetum (alba) elytrigiosum (repens), Salicetum (alba) rubosum, Saliceo (alba) Populi (alba);- meadows: Agrostidetum (stolonifera), Junceto (gerardii) -eletrigietum (repens), Agrostidetum(stolonifera), reptiliens, Agrostidetum (stolonifera) trifoliosum (repens),Elytrigietum (repens) agrostidosum (stolonifera);- Palaeose vegetation: Phragmitetum (australis), Typhaetum (angustifolia)Typhetum (latifolia), Trifolieto (repens) -lolietum (perenne), Rorippeto (sylvestris) agrostidum (stolonifera);- aquatic vegetation: Lemnetum (minor);


DOCUMENTATION:
Protected Natural Area Chioselia is attributed to the Landscape Reservation Category, protected by the State in accordance with the "Law on Natural State Protected Areas", adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (1998).

QUALITY:
It is important for the collection of medicinal plants; use in eco-tourism for the purpose of making observations on the land and the rare species of plants (in the mass development period), the animal world; using grassland with regulated pressure. The territory has a stabilizing value for surrounding agrocenoses.

OTHERCHARACT:
On this territory is located the landscape reserve "Chioselia". Many rare Balkan-Mediterranean rare plants are present in the field: Adonis vernalis, Colchicum autumnale, Centaurea angelescui Grint. The provisions for the protection of the plant world stipulated in the management regulations in the landscape reserve "Chioselia" correspond to the needs for the maintenance of the state-protected species. The protection of species taken under state protection is related to the maintenance and limitation of management activities of the forest and arid areas containing steppe vegetation elements. No special protection measures apply to the animal world. It is necessary to prohibit grazing in the forest, to preserve the shrubland sectors, to provide animals with complementary food, to combat poaching. Zoning is required.


DOCUMENTATION:
The Protected Area "Afloriment de argile etuliene", according to the Law on Natural State Protected Areas, adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, Decree No. 1538-XIII of February 25, 1998, is attributed in the category Monuments of Nature, A) .Geological and Paleontological Annex No. 3.

QUALITY:
Territory is important for the local population as grassland. Are possible: collecting medicinal plants; the use as a seed bank of scarce and endangered census plants; use in ecotourism for making observations on rare species and species (in the period of mass development) of plants, birds, etc. This territory is an important place for the nesting and concentration of many bird species during post-slaughter and migration. A special value of the territory is related to the important paleontological discoveries.

OTHERCHARACT:
The main types of ecosystems:  -steppe: herbosa capillata, Bothriochloeto (ischaemum) -stipeta (capillata) herbosa, Festucetum (valesiaca), Festuceta (herbal herb), Bothriochloeta (ischaemum) herbosa, Poaeta angustifolia festucetum ) caricosum (praecox); Cynobacterium (dactylon) -lolietum (perenne), Cynodonetum (dactylon), Poaeto (angustifolia) -artemisietum (austriaca), Cynodonetum (dactylon) -lolietum (perenne), Agrostidetum (stolonifera) ) juncosum (gerardii), Elytrigietum (repens) juncosum (gerardii); - aquatic and palatal vegetation: Phragmitetum (australis), Typhaetum (angustifolia), Typhaetum (latifolia), Schoenoplectetum (lacustris), Schoenoplectetum (tabernaemontani), Glycerietum (arundinacea), Glycerietum (fluitans), Bolboschoenetum (maritimus); - aquatic vegetation: Lemnetum (minor), Salvinieto (natans) -spirodeletum (polyrhyse), Potamogetonetum (lucens), Nymphoidetum (peltata), Potamogetoneto (perfoliatum) ceratophylletum (submersum), Ceratophylleto (submersum) -potamogetonetum (crispus).


DOCUMENTATION:
The plan of making forest management works

QUALITY:
Supply of wood for fire and carpentry, handicraft, collection of fruit and medicinal plants, recreational activities, etc.

OTHERCHARACT:
Important associations: Ass. Querco (petraea) -Tilio-Fraxinetum Gheideman et al. 1964Ass. Querco (roboris) -Carpinetum Soo et Pocs (31) 1957Ass. Querco (petraea) -Carpinetum Soo et Pocs 1957


QUALITY:
It is important for protecting the population of Spermophilus citelus

OTHERCHARACT:
Territory is not sufficiently studied. Ecosystems are partially depressed due to grazing. The living place of the stable population Spermophilus citellus L. (IUCN International Red List, VU). It is necessary to limit the grazing, to preserve the shrub sectors and the grassy layer, to maintain silence during mammalian reproduction period, to combat poaching.


DOCUMENTATION:
There is the Planning of the Balti Forest Amenagement Plan, which also includes the management plan of the Protected Area of Rădoaia.

QUALITY:
Aria Radoaia is important for the protection of the Quercus robur and Quercus petraea natural forests. In this area there are about 18 species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, 30 species included in the Berne Convention lists and 22 species protected by the Law of the Republic of Moldova.

DESIGNATION:
The specific objective of the Protected Area Radoaia is the protection of the natural hornbeam and pedunculate oak

OTHERCHARACT:
forests: Querceta (robur) herbosa, Quercetum (robur) veratrosum (nigrum), Fraxineto (excelsior) -Querceta (robur) herbosa.steppe: Festuceta herbosa, Festuceto (valesiaca) -poaeta (angustifolia) herbosa, Elytrigieto (repens) -poaeta (angustifolia) herbosa, Poaeto (angustifolia) -bothriochloeta (ischaemum) herbosa;


DOCUMENTATION:
Protected Natural Area Vranesti Meadow is protected by the State in accordance with the "Law on the Natural State Protected Areas" adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (1998). It is attributed to Multifunctional Areas category A) Representative sectors with steppe vegetation.

QUALITY:
Genetic reservation of rare and endangered plant species. It is possible to use rare, endangered cetacean plant species as a seed bank; for the collection of medicinal plants; for the development of eco-tourism with the purpose of making observations on steppe and rare plant species (during mass development), steppe birds and rare insect species. Refuge for pollinators and animals destroying agricultural pests.

OTHERCHARACT:
In the territory were identified: - steppes: Stipeto (pulcherrima, pennata) -festucetum (valesiaca) caraganosum (frutex), Festuceto (valesiaca) -stipeta (pulcherrima) herbosa Stipeto herbosa Stipeto ) herbosa herbosa, Bothriochloeto-festuceta (valesiaca) herbosa, Festuceta (valesiaca) herbosa, Festuceto (valesiaca) -bothriochloeta herbosa, Elytrigieto (repens) -bothriochloeta (ischaemum) herbosa; - meadows: Elytrigieto (repens) -lolietum (perenne), Lolieto (perenne) -artemisieto (santonica) - atriplexiosum (tartarica), Puccinellieto (distant) -artemisietum (santonica), Artemisietum (santonica) santonica), Puccinellietum (distances).


DOCUMENTATION:
There is the Planning of the Soldanesti Forest Amenagement Plan, which also includes the management plan of the Protected Area of Dobrusa.

QUALITY:
On the territory of the area is located the landscape reserve "Dobruşa". Local populations of herpetofauna have been preserved in their natural state. For the protection of animals, it is necessary to preserve the shrubland sectors and the grassy of the glade and meadows. Ensuring complementary food for paricophy in winter, combating poaching, keeping quiet during reproduction.

OTHERCHARACT:
forests: Tilieto (tomentosa) -fraxineto (excelsior) -Quercetum (petraea), Carpineto (betulus) querceta (petraea), Tilieto (tomentosa) -carpinetum (betulus), Querceto robot carpinetum, petraea); glade: Bothriochloeta herbosa, Poaeta (angustifolia) herbosum, Lolietum (perenne) herbosum; meadows: Agrostidetum (stolonifera), Lolieto (perenne) -Ethertrigieta herbosa, Loletio (perenne) Potentilum (anserina), Trifolio (repens) -lolietum (perenne).


DOCUMENTATION:
There is Susnelli Forest Firemanship Plan, which also includes the management plan of the Protected Area Vâşcăuţi.

QUALITY:
The area is important for habitats and rocky landscapes, pedunculate oak stands and rare populations of plants and animals.

OTHERCHARACT:
In the area of Viscauti we encounter habitats and rocky landscapes, pedunculate oak stands and rare plants and animals.It is also possible to encounter geological rocks that break into the ravine, the river flowing along the edge of the protected area and the so-called "Borta Boierului" wherethe river starts its course.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore4. Lakusic, R., Bjelcic, Z., Silic, C., Kutlesa, Lj.,Misic, Lj., Grgic, P. 1969: Planinska vegetacija Maglica, Volujaka i Zelengore.5. Izvodi iz novina Pobjeda,19.01.1999., Pobjeda03.09.2000, Pobjeda, 22.12.2002.,Pobjeda, 03.02.2003.,  Dan ,02.02.2003

QUALITY:
The beech forests around the Trnovacko lake is representative. The spruce and black pine forests are important for this massif. This  site is bordering with National park Sutjeska which is situated in Republika Srpska.

DESIGNATION:
The massif Maglic, Bioc and Volujak is proposed to be an protected area (Physical Plan of the Republic 1986, 1997) in the category of Regional Park. Site has values that could conect it with neighbouring site Sutjeska, National Park in BiH.


DOCUMENTATION:
Vukic PULEVIc: Gradja za vaskularnu floru Crne Gore - Dopuna "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae" J. Rohlenae, Republicki zavod za zastitu prirode Crne Gore, posebno izdanje, Podgorica, 2005ROHLENA J. 1942. Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. - Preslia (Praha) 20-21:1-506.

QUALITY:
Area of the Mala Rijeka Canyon is located in the rocky - carstic zone located North - North-East from Podgorica. Site is an atractive Canyon of river named Mala rijeka, which is tributary of Moraca river. At the site are presented relic and endemic species, mostly Balkan and Dalmatian endemic and relic species, such as: Quercus ilex (well preserved association), Ramondia serbica, Hiacintella dalmatica, Petteria rhamentacia.

DESIGNATION:
Area of Canyon of Mala Rijeka is not protected by national legislature, but it is recognized as an ecologically important area merit to be protected.


SITENAME:
Durmitor mountain with Tara River Canyon

DOCUMENTATION:
1. Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of R Montenegro no. 47/91).2. Physical Plan for Special Purposes of NP Durmitor (Official Gazette of the Republic of Montenegro No. 20/97) (in national language only)3. The Water Book of Montenegro (Base for Management of Waters in Montenegro) adopted by Montenegrin Government in June 2001 and published in May 2001, on 500 pages give crucial information about water potential and organization of water sector in Montenegro4. Symposiums about Durmitor 5. Bulletines of Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Art (CANU): Volumes 1- 106. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 1- 287. Management Programme for National Park Durmitor (2005-2010) - PE National Parks of Montenegro, Podgorica June 20048. Annual (Operational) Management Plan for the years 2005 and 2006 - PE National Parks of Montenegro, Podgorica 2004 - 20059. Stevanovic, V., Lakusic, D. (1991): Floristicke i florogenetske karakteristike visokoplaninske endemicne flore Durmitora.- I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X . , Zabljak. 10. Stevanovic, V., Jovanovic, S., Niketic, M., Lakusic, D. (1991): Kartiranje flore kao osnova za pracenje ugrozenosti i zastitu retkih i endemicnih vrsta Durmitora. - I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X ., Zabljak.11. Bulic, Z. (1991): Istorijat istrazivanja botanickih istrazivanja Durmitora sa bibliografijom. I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X ., Zabljak.12. Bulic, Z. & Niketic, M.(1991): Komparativna analiza flore kanjona Tare i Pive. I Medjunarodni naucni skup o Prirodi Nacionalnog parka Durmitor, Nacionalni park "Durmitor", UNESCO, 24. 27. X 1991., Zabljak.13. Niketic, M. (1995): Hieracium blecicii, a new species from Montenegro.- VIII Optima Meeting, Sevilla, Abstracts, 122.14. Lakusic, D., Jovanovic, S. (1996): Fitocenoloska analiza higrofilne vegetacije durmitorskih jezera i potoka.- 5. Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije, Zbornik sazetaka, Drustvo ekologa Srbije, Beograd, 13.15. Lakusic, D. (1996): Geografska diferencijacija kalcifilnih vijuka (Festuca L.) iz grupe Halleri na planinama Balkanskog poluostrva.- 5. Kongres ekologa Jugoslavije, Zbornik sazetaka, Drustvo ekologa Srbije, Beograd, 42.16. Fauna Durmitora. Volumes 1 - 4. Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Art (CANU), Podgorica17. Vasic, V., S. Marinkovic & Vizi, O.: Ptice Durmitora i kanjona Tare. Titograd 1990: CANU: Fauna Durmitora 3, 3(14): 7 70.18. Vasic,  V.,  Marinkovic,  S., Vizi, O. (1990): Ptice Durmitora i kanjona Tare (Aves). CANU, Fauna Durmitora knjiga 3: 9-70, Titograd.19. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad20. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).21. Vuckovic D. 1972. Sumarstvo i lovstvo u Crnoj Gori u drugoj polovini XIX i pocetkom XX vijeka. Istorijski institut u Titogradu. Titograd22.Miric, Dj. 1987. Sisari. (Gradja za faunu sisara Durmitora). Fauna Durmitora. Sveska 2. CANU. Titograd. 225-291.

QUALITY:
The Durmitor massif with Tara river canyon represent the most majestic natural phenomena in Montenegro, the Balkans peninsula and even broader. They have become widely known for the grandiose can-yon of the Tara river which is near Obzir 1300 m deep, therefore the second deepest and longest in the world after the Colorado, as well as for one of the highest peaks in Montenegro - the Bobotov Kuk highest peak at 2,523 m. The natural treasury of this region, due to its authenticity and uniqueness, has been protected at the national (the National Park of Durmitor) and international level (the Tara river was registered as an ecological reserve for the World's biosphere - therefore protected by international convention M&B UNESCO and the National Park of Durmitor together with the canyon of the Tara river was declared one of the world's natural and cultural heritages by UNESCO). The Tara has been recognized as the queen of European rivers, rightfully named the "the jewel of Europe". Durmitor and its wider surrounding is endowed by rare and wild beauties, a very specific hydrography, unique relief features, vertical and horizontal distribution and jaggedness of a great many natural elements, as well as extremely beautiful flora and fauna. It is the only one of the national parks in Montenegro that has received double international recognition and protection. What adds a special value to the Park are the zones under a special regime of management (3), out of which 2 have been afforded a strict regime of protection (the Tara river canyon and the Crna Poda forest reserve). Magnificent canyons of the Tara and Piva rivers and their numerous tributaries, 18 glacial lakes - "mountain eyes", distinct hydrological, geomorphologic, geological and speleological phenomena, the richness of flora and fauna and biodiversity in whole, with an exceptional concentration of such a quantity and quality of numerous endemic, relic, rare, protected and other extremely important species, make the Durmitor massif an extraordinary natural wealth.

DESIGNATION:
NP Durmitor was first declared as National park in 1952. Today, its protection and management are under the law on National Parks (Official Gazette of R Montenegro no. 47/91).NP Durmitor is on UNESCO's World Heritage list, since 1980. Canyon of Tara river is part of the National park. Also, Tara River Basin is included in UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme as an Biosphere reserve since 1977.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. The Water Book of Montenegro (Base for Management of Waters in Montenegro) adopted by Montenegrin Government in June 2001 and published in May 2001, on 500 pages give crucial information about water potential and organization of water sector in Montenegro2. The Biota and Limnology of Lake Skadar. Eds Karaman, G. & Beeton. A., Special publication of the Biological Institute Titograd (Podgorica) & Smithsonian Institute. Washington. (Published in Podgorica 1981)3. Symposium about Skadar Lake ("Simpozijum o Skadarskom jezeru", Titograd 1. XI 1983) Naucni skupovi, Knjiga IX, CANU, Titograd (Podgorica); 4. Symposium: Natural values and protection of Skadar Lake (Prirodne vrijednosti i zastita Skadarskog jezera. Podgorica 8-9 November 1995. Naucni skupovi, Knjiga 44. Podgorica, 1977.4. Bulletines of Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Art (CANU): Volumes 1- 105. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 1- 286. Physical Plan for Special Purposes of the National Park Skadar Lake - Official Gazette of the R Montenegro no. 46/20017. Management Programme for National Park Skadar Lake (2005-2010) - PE national Park Skadar Lake, Podgorica 20048. Annual (Operational) Management Plan for the years 2005 and 2006 - PE national Park Skadar Lake, Podgorica 2004 - 20059. Ivanovic, B., 1973: Ichthyofauna of Skadar lake. Special edition  Institute for biological and medical research, Titograd (Podgorica).10. Maric, D., 1995: Endemic fish species of Montenegro. Biological Conservation 72: 187 - 194.  Elsevir Science Limited, Great Britain.11. Cernjavski, P., Grebescikov, O. & Pavlovic, Z., 1949: O vegetaciji i flori Skadarskog podrucja. Glasnik prirodnjackog muzeja srpske zemqe. Naucna knjiga, Beograd.12. Dhora D., Saveljic, D. (2001): Bibliography of Skadar Lake. Section VII - Ornithology - Birds (52-65). Promotion of networking and exchange visits in the countries of Southeast Europe. Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Southeast Europe. Shkodra & Podgorica 2001.13. Saveljic, D. Rubinic. B, Schneider, J.M., Vizi,O (2004): Breeding of Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus on Skadar Lake. Acrocephalus 25 (122); 111-118.14. Saveljic, D. (2004): STONE-CURLEW Burchinus oedicnemus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)15. Saveljic, D. (2004): BLACK-HEADED GULL Larus ridibundus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)16. Saveljic, D. (2004): GREATER FLAMINGO Phoenicopterus rubber, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121): 101Slovenia)17. Saveljic, D. (2004): ALPINE CHOUGH Pyrrhocorax graculus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)18. Savelji?, D (2006): Breeding of Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus in Montenegro. Acrocephalus, Slovenia in press19. Saveljic, D (2005): DALMATIAN PELICAN Pelecanus crispus, short communications, Acrocephalus 26 (126):160, Slovenia20. Vizi, O. (1981a): Ornithofauna of Lake Skadar. - in Biota and Limnology of Lake Skadar, Karaman, G. and Beeton, A. eds: 391-413, Titograd.21. Vizi, O. (1997): Zastita Skadarskog jezera od zagadjenja. - Prirodne vrijednosti i zastita Skadarskog jezera, Zbornik radova, Naucni skupovi, knjiga 44: 31-38, Podgorica.22. Vizi, O. (1997): Crni zar, nova kolonija mocvarnih ptica na Skadarskom jezeru-Prirodne vrijednosti i zastita Skadarskog jezera, Zbornik radova, Naucni skupovi, knjiga 44: 309- 320, Podgorica.23. Vasic, V., Vizi, O. (2001): Sekularne promene u raznovrsnosti ptica Skadarskog jezera i njihove posledice na prirodne potencijale. - Naucni skup: Prirodni potencijali kontinentalnih voda i mora Crne Gore i njihova zastita, Knjiga rezimea: 122, Zabljak.24. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad25. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
I BiodiversityLake Skadar's biodiversity has developed in a unique physical environment where geology, geomorphology, hydrology and climate provide a wide variety of habitats. Total biodiversity is high (species-area relationship = 0.875) and the region is considered to be a biogenetic reserve of European importance.I. 1. From a zoogeographic perspective, the Skadar Lake region is located in a zone where two major zoogeographic areas meet: the Palaearctic region (Europe, Asia, the Mediterranean and North Africa) and the Palaetropic region (Africa). Their linkage and influences can be seen among bird fauna, with incidences of African species (e.g. African cuckoo, African black heron, flamingo) and winter migratory species of West Siberia (ducks, geese). Annex XVI shows main bird migration corridors involving Lake Skadar. During the last glacial period Lake Skadar represented a refuge for several species occurring at that time. As a result, today some relict and endemic animal and plant species are met in the area. After the ice age, species such as the turtledove, the Dauric swallow, Syrian woodpecker and Spanish sparrow have come to the region as they expanded their distribution area.I. 2. The majority of Skadar Lake invertebrate groups have not been well researched. As invertebrates play an important ecological role, among others as principal food source for many higher level species, the lack of knowledge of these groups prevents a thorough understanding of the lake's ecological functioning.AI. 3. Due to a favourable geographic location in the Mediterranean region and suitable hydrologic and climatic conditions, Skadar Lake is very rich in amphibians and reptiles. These include endemic and endangered species. Taxons belong to various bio-geographical entities. For some species, Skadar Lake is the border area of their distribution area, or a zone where different subspecies overlap.The lake, with its wide zone of water vegetation, floodplains, humid forests as well as many streams, is an ideal habitat for the majority of the amphibians: the Ranidae (frogs), in particular the Skadar green frog (Rana shqiperica). The population of green frogs is an important link in the lake's food chain; on the one hand insects are their main food, on the other hand they are the main food for some reptiles (e.g. water snakes) and birds (heron and some ducks). Some amphibians and reptiles are also of direct benefit for humans. The frog Rana ridibunda is used for consumption and is an export product. The poison of the vipers (Viperidae) is extracted for serums. The herpetofauna keeps numbers down of insects and rodents.The amphibian and reptile fauna of Skadar Lake comprises a large number of protected species, including many endemics: -Palaearctic, widely spread species such as the common viper (Vipera berus);-Central European varieties, including: slow-worm (Anguis fragilis), ordinary Aesculapius snake (Soluber longissimus), Coronella austriaca, grass snake (Natrix natrix), dice water snake (Natrix tesselata), grey lizard (Lacerta agilis), wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), and green lizard (Lacerta viridis);-Mediterranean endemic species: marsh turtle (Emys orbicularis), land turtle (Testudo hermani), Hemydactylus turcicus, karst lizard (Lacerta melisellensis), coastal lizard (Lacerta sicula), dark lizard (Algyroides nigropuncatus), lizard fish (Ophisaurus apodus), Zemenis dahlii, coastal Aesculapius' snake (Zamenis gemmonensis), coloured Aesculapius' snake (Elaphe situla), striped Aesculapius' snake (Coluber quatrolineatus), dark Aesculapius' snake (Coelopeltis monspessulanus), Tarbophis fallax, viper (Vipera ammodytes);-Yugoslav endemic species: sharp-headed lizard (Lacerta oxycephala).I. 4. Skadar Lake attracts birds, flying long migratory routes, but also provides good nesting and colonisation conditions. The avifauna shows a large number of species: some 271 belonging to 18 taxonomic orders. 90% of the bird species are regionally and intercontinentally mobile, linking the region to neighbouring countries, Asia and Africa. 73 species of migratory nesting birds inhabit the lake in spring and summer, leaving in autumn. About 18 species fly over the area of the lake during autumn and spring, and 45 species are regular winter guests. 12 species spend summers on the lake, while their populations nest in the north. In addition, there are some 90 species that visit the lake irregularly, including those that fly over or visit the lake during the winter or summer season. Among the nesting birds of Skadar Lake, there are species that have been forced out of almost all their original nesting sites in Europe, but are not endangered or rare in the lake area. An example is a small cormorant called 'fendak' in Montenegro (Phalacrocorax pygmeaus), which is regularly observed on the lake.The number of waterfowl on the Montenegrin side is determined by winter (January) counts since 1990 (International Waterfowl Census or IWC). Between 1990 and 1999 numbers varied between 150,000 and 250,000, but since 1999 numbers have dropped strongly to 35,000 this year (January 2005). There were no counts in 2001, 2002 and 2003 (source: Darko Saveljic). In 1999 more than 150,000 Fulica atra (see Figure ?3.23), 15,000 Anas platyrhynchos and 40,000 Aythya ferina were counted during the course of one year. About 250,000 birds stayed that winter at the lake. The Albanian part of the lake is also highly valued for the large numbers of birds, but exact counts are missing. Due to large numbers of birds and based on the Group Three criteria, Skadar Lake is listed as an internationally important wetland and waterfowl habitat (Ramsar site).Endangered bird species that can be found in Lake Skadar:-Pelecanus crispus, Ardeola ralloides, Aythya nyoca, Ardea purpurea, Crex crex, Chlidonios hibridus, Botaurus stellarisI. 5. The mammals related to Lake Skadar are not well researched. The total number of species found is 50 (belonging to 6 orders). Only a few mammals are strongly linked to the water habitat, like the otter (Lutra lutra). Bats are especially abundant around the lake if compared to the other mammals. The other mammals live mainly in the forested areas, predominantly located on the southwestern shore of the lake.I. 6. In shallow lakes growing conditions for littoral flora, composed of aquatic macrophytes and periphyton algae, are better than for phytoplankton. Measurements of primary production in Skadar Lake indicate that photosynthetic intensity is not determined by the quantity of phytoplankton: marked changes in the quantity and composition of the plankton community did not have significant effects on the intensity of photosynthesis.In Skadar Lake about 64 genera with 310 species and infraspecific taxa of phytoplankton are met. The phytoplankton population is mainly composed of Diatomeae. The majority of the species found are cosmopolitan and alkalophilic. Among the diatoms of the lake, the most common species are Cyclotella ocellata and Aulacoseira ambigua (Rakaj, 2005).The observed phytoplankton composition is a good indicator of the lake's oligotrophic conditions and is one of the parameters that must be examined through a monitoring programme. Oligotrophic conditions prevail in the lake due to the low level of nutrients caused by the limestone geological base. However, the low level of nutrients of the lake is to a large extent compensated by a morphometric factor: because of its shallow depth, the trophogenic layer reaches all the way to the bottom. Thus, the entire supply of nutrients is accessible and used. In addition, favourable temperature and light conditions during the year increase the level of production in the lake to a higher level than normally observed in other oligotrophic lakes in a moderate climate zone.Due to the abundance of macrophyte vegetation in the lake, especially in its northern and northwestern parts, a disproportion between the primary production by this vegetation and the primary production by planktonic algae occurs. This is due to the fact that shoreline plants use disproportionately high quantities of nutrient salts from the water, thus creating an oligotrophic environment for the plankton. This factor, among others, influences the community of planktonic algae and encourages the dominance of Diatomeae characterisitc of oligotrophic waters. Silicate algae, as a dominant algae group in Skadar Lake, are also important as bio-indicators. They are very sensitive to environmental changes and are capable of rapidly responding to these changes. Beta-mesosaprobic organisms and high level saprobic forms (beta-alfa, alfa-beta, alfa) prevail over the low level saprobic forms.I. 7. Lake Skadar is a typical shallow temperate lake with water originating from rivers and karstic springs. These favour the development of a rich aquatic flora with great variety in communities. The total number of aquatic macrophytes for the whole area of Lake Skadar is 164 species belonging to 66 genera and 43 families (Stesevic et al., 2004). The composition of the aquatic vegetation indicates that Lake Skadar could have developed from a bay of the Adriatic Sea into the freshwater lake ecosystem of today. A large share of flora exhibits phylogenetic and ecological links with seaside flora elements. At the same time endemic forms are rarely observed.The number of vascular plant families known in the region of Skadar Lake is 726. Macrophytic vegetation is well developed, covering some 34 km2 (Ristic J., and Vizi, O., 1981), mainly on the northern shore of the lake. These plant communities are expanding, in particular in and near both deltas of the Moraca River and the area of Podhumski Bay (Vizi, O., 1997). At the lake's northern shore, in the area from Thin Cape to Podhumski Bay, dominant plant communities include the Scirpus - Phragmites community (Phragmites communis, Scirpus lacuster, Typha angustipholica) and the Myriphillum verticillati - Nuphar community (W. Kosh), where especially Nuphar, Ceratophyllum, Trapa and Potamogeton species are represented. The Scirpus - Phragmites community stands out for its high biomass production.The high biomass production of the macrophytes on the northern shore of the lake has various functions. The seasonally flooded fields, which dry out during the summer, are used for cattle grazing. In particular the reeds can be used in construction, interior decoration and handycrafts. The marsh vegetation provides a shelter for many animal species, the most important ones being nesting birds (reed, water lilies). The bird colony in Crni Zar is an example, where a large surface area of water is covered with reeds and floating vegetation. The floodplains are used by various fish species as spawning and nursery grounds.The western lake shore consists of rocks and hills with only poor submersed vegetation. Along the eastern and southern lake shore extended reed beds (Phragmites) have developed. Macrophytes play an important role in the chemistry of the lake (Beeton & Sikes, 1978). From october to june the chemistry of the lake resembles that of the Moraca River. After the aquatic macrophytes have become well established in late spring, the chemical characteristics of the lake waters differ from those of the river water. Usually, values for specific conductance and alkalinity are lower in the lake than in the river. Reed beds and other macrophytes have purification capacities through nutrient retention, nutrient transformation (nitrogen, phosphor) and binding of pollutants. The water quality of the Moraca River improves by passing through the macrophyte vegetation of the wetland before it enters the lake. The lake's large flood zones ('helophyte filters') and the many springs emerging from the lake bed prevent any eutrophication tendency and preserve the high biodiversity of the lake.Thirteen aquatic plant communities of submerged and floating species and helophyte species are known on the Montenegrin side of the lake: More than 1,500 plant species are known for the whole watershed. Some of them are of economical interest.I. 9 Stands of willow (Salicetum albae) are the most abundant forests around the lake, growing either as rows of trees around the flooding fields tended by the local population, as small forests or as randomly scattered trees, mainly on the northern shore and in the flooding area. Skadar's oak (Quercus robur ssp. Scutariensis) forests, which were widespread in the past, have become substantially degraded. Today, these forests can only be found as small stands around the village of Gostilj in Zeta, in the fields of Crmnica and in communities with Fraxinus oxicarpa and Periploca greca. Among the forest communities that currently exist or were registered earlier, the most significant ones are stands of domestic chestnut and oak (Querceto castanetum montenegrinum), oak and European Turkey oak (Quercetum confertae ceris), as well as hornbeam (Carpinetum orientalis) with several sub-communities. Only degraded stands remained from the once well devloped forests of the region. They are usually described as "pseudo-macquis".The flooding willow forests that dominate the area today, most often as scattered formations, are used by the local population for the production of fuel wood, for construction and for woven handicraft products. For the local population in Krajina, chestnut forests around Ostros and the fruits collected from them are economically important, as there is a demand for chestnuts on the local markets such as in Bar and Podgorica. From an ecological perspective, the significance of these forests as habitats for other plant and animal species - most frequently birds - is unquestionable. For example, grey heron most often nest in the area of "Manastirska tapija," or monastery willow forests.II Water QualityThe environment in the Lake Shkoder basin is increasingly influenced by the various pollutant sources. The pollution of lake water and its surroundings is a combined result of a growing population, poorly managed wastes of the KAP and Niksic Steelworks in-dustries, municipal wastes from cities like Podgorica, Niksic, Cetinje and Shkodra, and various other human interventions in the basin.Factors that affect water quality of a lake and its basin can be classified as natural and human made. Human intervention is the most important factor influencing water quality, and it must be controlled.Various studies and reports on Skadar basin suggest that during the past decades the basin has experienced significant pollution of its water bodies and the surrounding area, causing losses in aquatic biodiversity; a threat to fisheries, public health and tourism. Most important are industrial pollution and untreated wastewater discharges from the cities and towns. The Moraca River, the main tributary of the lake, brings most pollutants into the lake.

DESIGNATION:
1. Skadar lake is establishe as an National Park since 1983 (Law on National Park Skadar Lake - Official Gazette of SR Montenegro no. 33/83)2. Area of the National parks has been included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar list), in the frame of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especialy as Waterfowl Habitat *Ramsar Conventiona)  since 15 December 1995.3. Two officialy proclamed special (ornithological) reserves are located in the area of Skadar Lake, as follows: (i) Manastirska tapija (53,1ha) and (ii) Panceva oka (312,5ha)

OTHERCHARACT:
Skadar Lake is an open lake. Its water is exchanging 2 - 3 times per year.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) at the stage of Proposal in the procedure of adoption in Republican Parliament. Text version is available only on local language and can be founded in the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning and Public Enterprise for coastal zone managament.  Also there are several basic studies that are the supporting materials for the Plan such as Natural characteristics and Environmental protection of the coastal zone.2. Master Plan (MP) for Tourism Development in Montenegro prepared by DEG and adopted by Montenegrin Government in 2000. According to the MP, Regional Concept for Ulcinj Velika plaza were developed in 2003. RC for Ulcinj Velika plaza included the protection of the mouth of river Bojana and area in the hinterland of Ulcinj's Beach Velika Plaza. Environmental Impact Assesment study was carried out for this area. 3. Puzovic, S., Vasic, V. & Ham, I.: Progradacioni procesi u ornitofauni Ulcinjskih solana, Naucni skup "Istrazivanje i zastita Jadranskog mora", CANU, Univerzitet Crne Gore i Institut za biologiju mora, Kotor: 19954. Saveljic, D. (2002): Changes in population size of some shorebirds breeding at Ulcinj salt-pans in Montenegro (Acrocephalus 23 (110-111):39-42, 2002)Saveljic, D.Rubinic, B (2005): The presence of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus Ulcinj salt-pans, Montenegro (Acrocephalus 26 (124): 291-294, 2005)5. Stumberger,B., Schneider-Jacoby,M., Schwarz,U., Sackl,P.,Dhora,D., Saveljic,D (2005): Ornithological value of the Bojana/Buna Delta. Universiteti i Shodres "Luigj Gurakuqi":Bul.Shk., Ser.Shk.Nat., 55:136-158 6. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Saveljic,D (2006): Late breeding of Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola in Solana Ulcinj (Montenegro). Ciconia, in press7. Saveljic, D. (2004): STONE-CURLEW Burchinus oedicnemus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)8. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad9. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).10. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Dhora, D., Sackl, P., Savelic, D., Schwarz, U. & Stumberger (in prepar.): Rapid assessment of the ecological value of the Bojana-Buna Delta (Albania/Montenegro). Euronatur, Radolfzell11. Paunovic, M., Stamenkovic, S. 1998. A revision of the distribution and status of Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866 (Rhinolophidae) in Yugoslavia, based on the discrimination properties of distinctive morphological characters. Myotis. Band. 36. S.7-23. Bonn.

QUALITY:
Beach Velika Ulcinjska is located between Port Milena at the west, and river Bojana at the east. While length of the beach is 12 kilometres, its width is varying from 200 m (near to Port Milena) up to 1 kilometre (eastern part called Špatula). The site is well known by high biodiversity, and presence of rare, endangered and protected species such as Sand Lily (Pancratium maritimum) protected  plant species. While key biodiversity located in eastern part of the beach, its western part is under increasing human impacts. Also, these impacts affected ecologically important sand dunes  with halophyte vegetation adapted to salted habitats. Beaches of Velika Ulcinjska and Ada Bojana are last compact shelters for this type of vegetation in Montenegro. In the hinterland near to the beach are natural mixed forests composed by White Poplar, Ash and very rare, scarce and protected Skadar oak (Quercus robur scutariensis). Birds are important component of the biodiversity of the site, as well ad herpetofauna (in ponds, swamps and marshes in the hinterland), insects (also in hinterland) etc.In the area of salt pans there has been recorded the presence of several types of vegetation whose distribution mainly depends on the salinity degree of the ground. The community of holofita are the specific feature of the floral world of this area, and in addition to them also present are: meadow and ruderal vegetation, the cane zone (Phragmites comunis), vegetation of sledge (Juncus, Carex) on the slity ground with numerous trees of Tamarix africana.Grounds with large quantity of salt are unfavourable for plant life, and thus they are inhabited only with the species who are specifically adapted to cruel living conditions at these habitats. Such plants, known as halofite, form floristically poor, but very interesting plant covering. Typical or real holofita or euhalofite can be found on the habitats with big salinity degree and significant moistness. In the salt pans they inhabit shallow water of the pool and the narrow shore line and are represented by the species Salicornia herbacea - the most numerous and the dominant one, Suaeda maritime, Limonium angustifolium, Atriplex portulacoides, Atriplex prostrate, Salsola soda. Most occurring constituent specimens of this community are located within the region of Jezero I, as well as on embankment that separates Jezero I from Jezero II. The presence of Beta vulgaris ssp.maritime taxon was noted on the embankment. In Montenegro, this sub-species was noted in 1913 by Adamovic, and since than it has been the first finding of it in the Republic. Constituent specimens being less present High salinity in crystallization pools causes only individual specimens of halophytes, which do not compose communities, to exist there. Going away from the water, the concentration of salinity in stratum decreases, which is reflected also in the variety of plant communities that are slightly more diverse in this zone and that accommodate the elements of ruddle vegetation in addition to typical halophytes. Component species of such communities are Spergularia salina, Plantago coronopus and Coronopus squamatus (Forsskal) Asch. Regardless the communities of halophytes on land around the Salty-Works poor in plants, they are very important because such a type of vegetation in Montenegro exists only within one area more (land around abandoned Salty-Works in Tivatsko Polje and it exists only in fragments within few other localities. We believe the halophyte vegetation near Jezero I, as well as on the embankment between Jezero I and Jezero II should be preserved from any interventions intended for the rehabilitation of Salty-Works. The communities of meadow flora exist in deeper layers of the ground with less salinity. The following species dominate the meadow on the raised land along the channel leading to Jezero I: Avena barbata, Dactylis glomerata, Phragmites comunis, Carex sp., and during the autumn Limonium angustifolium is also present. The species form the family of orchids , such as: Orchis laxiflora, Serapias vomeracea and S. cordigera appear primarily during the spring period (March - May) on the meadow developed as a small triangle of the land around Salty-Works. The finding concerning the Ophrys bertollonii species of bee-plants family is particularly interesting and important, which species is protected in Montenegro. This species was found on the embankment next to the meadow. Also species of Juncus acutus and Rubus idaeus can be found on this meadow, as important component specimens. We believe this area should not be subjected to any interventions regarding the rehabilitation of Salty-Works, because the plants from the Orcidaceae family are protected in most countries of Europe, and there are some suggestions to protect them also in the territory of Montenegro.The pools of Salty-Works are often occupied by reed (Phragmites comunis), which is present in salty and brackish waters forming uniform constituents specimens. This species is present as an accompanying element in the vegetation of wet meadows as well. In muddy coastal area, the species of Juncus acutus, J. maritimus  and Tamarix Africana can also frequently be found. Ruddle plants  belong to the wide spread type of vegetation inhabiting areas exposed to the intensive human influence. They can be found in the areas of permanent or temporary settlements of people and domestic animals, around roads, railroads, embankments … On the land around Salty-Work, ruddle vegetation is present along the whole road, on embankments along the railroad, and the elements of this flora are mixed with halophytes vegetation and on the embankments separating individual basins. Note: Text given above is taken from the Report on the project "Rapid assessment of the ecological value of the Bojana-Buna Delta (Albania/Montenegro)", Euronatur, Radolfzell (Authors: Schneider-Jacoby, M., Dhora, D., Sackl, P., Savelic, D., Schwarz, U. & Stumberger)

DESIGNATION:
Velika Plaza has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature), since when this site is protected.Solana is recognized as potential IBA site, possible national designation (Natural  Monument) and Ramsar site


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) at the stage of Proposal in the procedure of adoption in Republican Parliament. Text version is available only on local language and can be founded in the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning and Public Enterprise for coastal zone managament.  Also there are several basic studies that are the supporting materials for the Plan such as Natural characteristics and Environmental protection of the coastal zone.2. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad3. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Beach Buljarica with its hinterland is an interesting ecological complexity with less significant environmental changes than it is with other beaches and their hinterlands along Montenegrin coastal zone. South-eastern part of the beach is not occupied by tourism facilities, and there are endangered halophytes such as Eryngium maritimum L. as well as other species in the associations Ammophilion and Cakilion litoralis. Typical habitats of the site are (i) gravel and sand - gravel dune with sparse halophyte vegetation, (ii) quite large marshland zone with dominant Phragmitetiom communis and (iii) natural and semi natural habitats in remote hinterland with remarkable trees of Alnus glutinosa as well as Quercus pubescens, macquis and accidental location of Erica spread over a flitch base on hill Rabik. There is an old record of a rare plant Polygonum salicifolium for this site, but its recent verification is missing. Marshland and neighbouring rocky habitats are providing safe living space for many animal species, particularly birds  insects, bats herpetophauna etc.

DESIGNATION:
Buljarica has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature), since when this site is protected.Site values that could rank it as potential IBA and Ramsar site.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Bulic Z. 1994: Flora i vegetacija kanjona rijeke Cijevne u Crnoj Gori. (Magistarski rad - rukopis, Beograd).2. Cernjavski, P., Grebenscikov, O. & Pavlovic, Z. 1949: O flori i vegetaciji Skadarskog podrucja.  -Glasn. Prir. Muz. Srpske Zemlje, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 1-2: 4-91. Beograd.3. Hadziablahovic, S. & Bulic, Z. 1994/95 (2004b): On distribution of some Balkan endemic and rare species in the Flora of Montenegro - Glas. Rep. Zavoda Zašt. Prir. (Podgorica) 27-28: 43-50.4. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.5. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad6. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Field Cemovsko polje is most representative site for the association of Satureja montana in both, Montenegro and Ex-Yugoslavia. Vegetation of this mediterranean stepe is adapted to the extreme droughts in summer season.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Law on National Parks (Zakon o nacionalnim parkovima ("Sl. list RCG", br. 47/91)) 2. Physical Plan of Special Purposes for National Park "Biogradska Gora" (PROSTORNI PLAN PODRUCJA POSEBNE NAMJENE ZA NACIONALNI PARK "BIOGRADSKA GORA" ("Sl. list RCG", br. 44/98)3. Vizi  O. (1991b): Ornitološke odlike Biogradske gore i mogu?nosti osnivanja ornitološke osmatra?ke stanice. - CANU, Nau?ni skup: Prirodne i društvene vrijednosti nacionalnog  parka "Biogradska gora", Kolašin 27-29 septembar 1990:  Knjiga 23: 327-337, Titograd.4. Vrezec, A. & Saveljic, D. 2005. Breeding density of Tawny Owl Strix aluco territories in montane forests of Mountain Bjelasica (Montenegro). Ciconia 14: 41-475. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad6. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).7. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia

QUALITY:
Virgin forest Biogradska gora is located within the site. Site is well preserved and representing safe sanctuary for many plant species, including Pinus peuce distributed in the zone of Pesica lake that is its last west point of distribution.

DESIGNATION:
By National legislature (Law on National parks - Official Gazette of SRM no 47 / 1991) site is protected as National park Biogradska gora. Protection of the site established in the era of King Nikola I of Montenegro. Ecological values of the site are providing possibility for its inclusion in UNESCO World heritage List. Also, site is part of Tara River Basin Biosfere Reserve (UNESCO, MaB 1980).


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Bulic Z. 1994: Flora i vegetacija kanjona rijeke Cijevne u Crnoj Gori. (Magistarski rad - rukopis, Beograd).2. Hadziablahovic S. 1994/95 (2004c): Staehelina uniflosculosa Sibth. & Sm. - the new Balkan endemic species in the flora of Montenegro. - Glas. Rep. Zavoda Zast. Prir. (Podgorica) 27-28: 71-75.3. Hadziablahovic, S. & Bulic, Z. 1994/95 (2004b): On distribution of some Balkan endemic and rare species in the Flora of Montenegro - Glas. Rep. Zavoda Zast. Prir. (Podgorica) 27-28: 43-50.4. Pulevic V. 1971. Hyacinthella dalmatica (Baker) Hayek u flori Crne Gore. - Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir. - Prirod. Muz. (Titograd) 4:73-76.5. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., 6. Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad7. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Site is of maditerranean character, even positioned in inland part of the country. At the site are presented relic / endemic species, such as Quercus ilex, Ramondia serbica, Hiacintella dalmatica etc, so this remarcable canyon is considered as an refugijal habitat.

DESIGNATION:
The site is proposed by the Physiscal Plan of the Republic (1986, 1997) to be protected as an Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature).


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.2. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad3. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Site is of refugial character with well preserved natural habitats, including hard water sprins. Among others species, at the site are presented important species such as Taxus baccata, Ilex aquifolium, Peteria rhamentacea etc.

DESIGNATION:
The site is recognized to be protected by national legislature as an Natural Monument, but enforcement is missing.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan of Special Purposes for NP Lovcen (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za NP Lovcen) - Official Gazette of RCG no. 19/19972. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21.3. Stevanovic, V., Jovanovic, S., Lakusic, D., Niketic, M. (1995): Diverzitet vaskularne flore Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja. In: 4. Stevanovic, V. & Vasic, V., Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije. Biol. fak. Univ. u Beog.5. Tomic-Stankovic, K. 1970: Flora Lovcena. (Flora des Lovcen-Gebirges II). Zbor. Fil. Fak. Pristina, 7: 1-39.6. Tomic-Stankovic, K. 1972: Flora Lovcena. (Flora des Lovcen-Gebirges II). Zbor. Fil. Fak. Pristina, 8: 1-50.7. Tomic-Stankovic, K. 1970: Vegetacija Lovcena u Crnoj Gori. (Vegetation des Lovcen-Gebirges in Montenegro). Zj. Nauc. Ust. Kosova - Stud. (Pristina) 17: 1-93, 1970.8. Vizi, O. (1994): Ornitoloske odlike sireg prostora Lovcena. - Nacionalni park "Lovcen"- prirodna i kulturna dobra, CANU, Naucni skupovi, knj. 34: 149-158,  Podgorica.9. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad10. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).11. Paunovic, M., Stamenkovic, S. 1998. A revision of the distribution and status of Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866 (Rhinolophidae) in Yugoslavia, based on the discrimination properties of distinctive morphological characters. Myotis. Band. 36. S.7-23. Bonn.

QUALITY:
The site has following valuable habitat types: a) total forest cover on 6.004hectares but high forests on 1.227hectares, protected forests on 110hectares and short degrading forests and scrub-shrubs are on 2.692hectares, b) opens slopes on 1210hectares, c) pastures on 495hectares and d) water bodies (2 lakes). Arable land lies only on 157hectares.The beach forests (Fagetum montenegrinum subalpinum Hor. 1983.) on karstic  substrate dominates but in various degradation stages. Most importan is Pinus heldreichii that is regenerating qiuet well.Vegetation of the area is divers and presented by following associations: 1.Rusco-Carpinetum orientalis Blecic & Lakusic on lower altitudes up to 800m above the sea (Njegusi near to Vrba, upper parts of Polja and Kopita, near to Pobori on south side and near to villages Erakovici and Raicevici); 2. Paliuretum adriaticum (on western side of the area and near to Cavor); 3. Stipo-Salvietum officianalis Hic with dominate sage on fallows and edges of oak / hornbeam forests; 4. Seslerio-Ostryetum Ht. et. Hic. in the peripheral zone of the national park above village Ugnji up to altitudes of 1000m; 5. Genisto-Globilarietum belidifoliae appears pastures on altitudes between 1.000 and 1.500m above the sea, near to Ivanova korita and Majstori. 6. Fagetum - montenegrinum - seslerietosum occurs large area of the national park on the altitudes between 1000 and 1500 m above the sea; 7. Fagetum montenegrinum - Viburnetosum presented on smaller areas in the zone higher than 1500m above the sea (villages Lucica grm and Gomile). 8. Fagetum - montenegrinum - abietetosum on altitudes between 1.100 and 1.300m above the sea (near village Batriceva glava, Mainski vrh and Osja lokva); 9. Seslerietum argentae on higher altitudes > 1.300 m above the sea, near to Dolovi, Kuk, Jezerski vrh, Stirovnik; 10. Pinetum heldreichii located only on N-E side of Stirovnik and near to Jezerski vrh; 11. Seminatural Pinus nigra - near to Njegusi, Ivanova korita, Presjek and Jezerski vrh. Fauna is rich and divers. Endemic species dominate in the group of gastropods (34 species) and reptiles that emphasize ecological importance of the area.

DESIGNATION:
Site is protected as National park since 1952 that is reconfirmed by Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of RCG no. 47/1991)


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) 2. Jankovic M.M. & Stevanovic V.(1983): Prilog poznavanju slatinske vegetacije Boke Kotorske. Zbornik Roberta Visianija Sibencanina. Povremena izdanja Muzeja grada Sibenika, sv. 10: 377-397, Sibenik.3. Pulevic V. (1976): Neke  nove i rijetke  biljke  u flori  Crne  Gore. Republ.  Zav.  Zast.  Prir.  -  Prir.  Muz.,  9: 99 - 102, Titograd.4. Saveljic, D & Rubinic,B (2005):Migrating and wintering waterbirds of Tivat salinas in Montenegro: contribution to the need for site protection. Ciconia 13: 94-97. Novi Sad5. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad6. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).7. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia

QUALITY:
Area of Tivat Saltworks (Salina) is located in the salt-marsh zone of the sea shore of Tivat bay. This area is bordered by rivers Odoljenštica and Koložunj, including a flooded area named Jankova Voda in Grbalj. At the place of sometime active Saltworks, today are presented as follows: salted - halophyte vegetation (associations Salicornietea i Limonietela), vegetation of the sea sedge (Juncetalia maritime) and vegetation of brackish marshes (Phragmitetalia with Scirpetum maritime). Because these complex types of natural vegetation at mud-clay substrate are extinct in Igalo (Herceg Novi) and Topolica (Bar), it is necessary to protect Tivat Saltworks as a compact and safe site for halophyte vegetation. Its protection should be applied in all plans for future intervention at the site and its vicinity. Also, vegetation of macquis, garrigue and other coastal shrub / wood forms at the rocky terrains should be part of such a protection. On the other side, shallow salted water of the Salina is rich by fish and benthos organisms that are attracting waterfowl birds. These birds are particular feature of the site. Because of the occurrence of pigmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus) and greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber), this site is fulfilling national and international requirements for protection. This site is also important as a shelter for both, migrating and wintering birds.

DESIGNATION:
Area of Tivat Saltworks is not protected by national legislature, yet. However, in the Physical Plan for Special Purposes for Maritime Public Domain this area is proposed for the protection by national legislature with a category equivalent to the IUCN management category V: "Protected Landscape/Seascape - Protected area managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and recreation ". Beside protection itself, zoning of the site should be applied as well as defining of the area(s) for strict protection - reserve(s).


SITENAME:
Sasko jezero, rijeka Bojana, Knete, Ada Bojana

DOCUMENTATION:
1. Physical Plan for Coastal Zone (Prostorni Plan Podrucja Posebne Namjene za Morsko Dobro Crne Gore) at the stage of Proposal in the procedure of adoption in Republican Parliament. Text version is available only on local language and can be founded in the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning and Public Enterprise for coastal zone managament.  Also there are several basic studies that are the supporting materials for the Plan such as Natural characteristics and Environmental protection of the coastal zone.2. Master Plan (MP) for Tourism Development in Montenegro prepared by DEG and adopted by Montenegrin Government in 2000. According to the MP, Regional Concept for Ulcinj Velika plaza were developed in 2003. RC for Ulcinj Velika plaza included the protection of the mouth of river Bojana and area in the hinterland of Ulcinj's Beach Velika Plaza. Environmental Impact Assesment study was carried out for this area. 3. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 4. Stevanovic, V., Jovanovic, S., Lakusic, D., Niketic, M. (1995): Diverzitet vaskularne flore Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja. In: Stevanovic, V. & Vasic, V., Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije. Biol. fak. Univ. u Beog.5. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Dhora, D., Sackl, P., Savelic, D., Schwarz, U. & Stumberger (in prepar.): Rapid assessment of the ecological value of the Bojana-Buna Delta (Albania/Montenegro). Euronatur, Radolfzell6. Puzovic, S., Vasic, V. & Ham, I.: Progradacioni procesi u ornitofauni Ulcinjskih solana, Naucni skup "Istrazivanje i zastita Jadranskog mora", CANU, Univerzitet Crne Gore i Institut za biologiju mora, Kotor: 19957. Saveljic, D. (2002): Changes in population size of some shorebirds breeding at Ulcinj salt-pans in Montenegro (Acrocephalus 23 (110-111):39-42, 2002)Saveljic, D.Rubinic, B (2005): The presence of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus Ulcinj salt-pans, Montenegro (Acrocephalus 26 (124): 291-294, 2005)8. Stumberger,B., Schneider-Jacoby,M., Schwarz,U., Sackl,P.,Dhora,D., Saveljic,D (2005): Ornithological value of the Bojana/Buna Delta. Universiteti i Shodres "Luigj Gurakuqi":Bul.Shk., Ser.Shk.Nat., 55:136-158 9. Schneider-Jacoby, M., Saveljic,D (2006): Late breeding of Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola in Solana Ulcinj (Montenegro). Ciconia, in press10. Saveljic, D. (2004): STONE-CURLEW Burchinus oedicnemus, short communications (Acrocephalus 25 (121) Slovenia)11. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad12. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).

QUALITY:
Beside the tourist facilities and the recent impact along the Bojana River, the Ada Island is a natural area, unique in the Mediterranean. The island is characterised by a natural mosaic of habitats formed by the dynamic growing Delta of the Bojana River. This process is still going on and needs careful monitoring.The virgin alluvial forest represents also a unique value. Huge trees grow on the island which has not been impacted over more then fifties years.

DESIGNATION:
The Ada Island is not protected so far, but falls under the jurisdiction of the Coastal Zone management Agency (Maritime Public Domain). Ada is the only strict controlled area with a hunting ban (Hunting organisation Ulcinj). The site is proposed to be protected area in category of Monument of Nature.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Puzovic, S., Simic, D., Saveljic, D., Gergelj, J., Tucakov,M.,Stojnic,N., Hulo, I., Ham, I., Vizi,O., Sciban,M., Ruzic,M., Vucanovic, M., Jovanovic, T. (2004): Birds of Serbia and Montenegro - Size of  nesting populations. I trends: 1990-2002. Ciconia 12, 36-120. Novi Sad3. BirdLife International (2004): Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12).4. Ranius, T., Aguado, L. O., Antonsson, K., Audisio, P., Ballerio, A., Carpaneto, G. M., Chobot, K., Gjurašin, B., Hanssen, O., Huijbregts, H., Lakatos, F., Martin, O., Neculiseanu, Z., Nikitsky, N. B., Paill, W., Pirnat, A., Rizun, V., Ruic|nescu, A., Stegner, J., Süda, I., Szwa"ko, P., Tamutis, V., Telnov, D., Tsinkevich, V., Versteirt, V., Vignon, V., Vögeli, M. & Zach, P., 2005. Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) in Europe. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 28.1: 1-44.

QUALITY:
Rumija is most representative site among coastal mountains that has high plant diversity as well as total biological diversity. However, endemic species are of great importance, in particular Galium baldacii and Edraianthus wettstainii. Vegetation of the mediterranean evergreen forests is very well developed at southern slopes of the mountain.

DESIGNATION:
The site is proposed to be an protected area (Physical Plan of the Republic 1986, 1997) in the category of Regional Park. Site has values that could conect it with neighbouring sites (Skadar Lake, Sasko Lake, Saltworks Ulcinj etc) into larger Biosphere Reserve.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. First records about the Cave are from 1987 (Hydro-geological investigations of Pester plateau) and 1988 (Speleological investigations of the Cave).In 1996 there was a Speleological expedition organized for additional investigations of the cave that resulted with few maps of Caves profile.

QUALITY:
The Cave is located in the part of Bistrica river Canyon named Djalovica Ravine, north-east from town Bijelo Polje. Until now, around 14 kilometers of the channels in the cave are investigated by speleologists.  Quality and value of the cave phenomena are very good.Numerous stalactites, stalagmites, helectites, saliva formes, water channels, lakes, ponds and other cave's phenomena are presented in the site.

DESIGNATION:
Djalovica Ravine (1.600 hectares) is a protected as Natural Monument that includes this Cave.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore4. Lakusic R., 1968. Planinska vegetacija jugoistocnih Dinarida. Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir.-Prir. Zbirke, 1: 9-75; Titograd5. Ranius, T., Aguado, L. O., Antonsson, K., Audisio, P., Ballerio, A., Carpaneto, G. M., Chobot, K., Gjurašin, B., Hanssen, O., Huijbregts, H., Lakatos, F., Martin, O., Neculiseanu, Z., Nikitsky, N. B., Paill, W., Pirnat, A., Rizun, V., Ruic|nescu, A., Stegner, J., Süda, I., Szwa"ko, P., Tamutis, V., Telnov, D., Tsinkevich, V., Versteirt, V., Vignon, V., Vögeli, M. & Zach, P., 2005. Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) in Europe. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 28.1: 1-44.6. Paunovic, M., Milenkovic, M., Ivanovic C. 2001. The lynx populations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Balkan Lynx Population History, Recent Knowledge on its Status and Conservation Needs. KORA Bericht Nr. 7 e.Muri. 12-18.

QUALITY:
Prokletije and its wider surrounding is endowed by rare and wild beauties, a very specific hydrography, unique relief features, vertical and horizontal distribution and jaggedness of a great many natural elements, as well as extremely beautiful flora and fauna. The massif of Prokletije has distinct hydrological, geomorphologic, geological and speleological phenomena, the richness of flora and fauna and biodiversity in whole, with an exceptional concentration of such a quantity and quality of numerous endemic, relic, rare, protected and other extremely important species. Site is representing for many plant species, including forests of Pinus peuce.

DESIGNATION:
This area is suggested for National Park.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Adittional to vascular plants of Montenegro3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1969: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 94. Lakusic, R. 1980. Twenty five new species in flora of Montenefro. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 13: 15-21.

QUALITY:
Habitat type of Montenegrine grey alder on this site, with same habitat type in Tara canyon, are most representative in Montenegro.Only find of Campanula secundiflora in Montenegro is situated in Lim valley.This species is presented on IUCN Red List.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9

QUALITY:
The habitat type of Montenegrine spruce forests is very representative for this site. Well preserved southern alder and birch galleries are presented on this site too.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore. Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 94. Blecic, V. 1957: Prilog poznavanju sumske vegetacije planine Ljubisnje. Glasn. Prir. Muz. Srpske Zem. B (10).

QUALITY:
The habitat type of Montenegrine spruce forests is described on this site The beech forests are well developed too. The whole mountain is covered by forests.

DESIGNATION:
The site is proposed to be an protected area (Physical Plan of the Republic 1986, 1997) in the category of Regional Park.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4.Fukarek, P. 1963: Prilog poznavanju dendrografskih i fitocenoloskih odnosa planina sjeverozapadne Crne Gore. Radovi Nauc. Drus. Bosne Herceg. (Sarajevo) 22 (6).

QUALITY:
The habitat type of Montenegrine spruce and mixed beech-fir forests are very representative on this site. The mountain Golija is representative for many rare and protected plant species.

DESIGNATION:
Both of types of ownership - private and state owned are presented on the site, but accurate data were not available.


SITENAME:
Ostatak kanjona Pive ispod Hidroelektrane

DOCUMENTATION:
Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore4. Blecic, V. 1959: Vegetacija stijena i tocila kanjona rijeke Pive.

QUALITY:
Habitats of Pinus nigra and Mixed termophilous forests are very represantive on this site. Endemic species Daphne malyana is described from Piva canyon.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4. Lakusic R., 1968. Planinska vegetacija jugoistocnih Dinarida. Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir.-Prir. Zbirke, 1: 9-75; Titograd

QUALITY:
Pinus peuce and Pinus heldraicii forests in this area are the most representative in Montenegro and eveb broader. The richness of flora and fauna and biodiversity in whole, with an exceptional concentration of such a quantity and quality of numerous endemic, relic, rare, protected and other extremely important species, make the Visitor and Zeletin massif an extraordinary natural wealth.

DESIGNATION:
Visitor is proposed to be protected area in category of National Park. Zeletin is proposed to be area of special natural caracteristics.


QUALITY:
The well developed populations of species Daphne malyana are presented on this site. Komarnica canyon is very important refugial area in Montenegro.


DOCUMENTATION:
Stjepcevic, J. 1967. Makro-mollusca Bokokotorskog zaliva. Studija Marina 2. pp.67.Pasinovic, M. 2001. Podrucje Kotora na listi svjetske prirodne i kulturne bastine UNESCO. Fakultet za turizam i hotelijerstvo, Kotor, pp.108.Macic, V., P. Boza, 2001. Naselja morskih cvjetnica u Bokokotorskom zalivu. Naucni skup "Zasavica 2001", Sremska Mitrovica, 2001. 109-114.Stjepcevic, J., Parenzan, P. 1980. Il Golfo delle Bocche di cattaro-condizioni generali e biocenosi bentoniche con carta ecologica delle sue due baie interne: di Kotor e di Risan. Studia marina 9-10. p: 3-148.Jovanovic, R. 1981. Analiza nekih morfometrijskih i meristickih karaktera arbuna, Pagellus erytrinus C.V., iz Bokokotorskog (Risanskog) zaliva. Poljoprivreda i sumarstvo, XXVII, 2: 31-36Joksimovic, A. 2000. Biomassestimate and maximum sustainable yield of pandora (Paggelus erythrinus, Linnaeus, 1758) in trawling fisheries on the Montenegrin shelf. Ichthyologia, Vol. 32. No. 1. pp.17-30Regner, D., Vuksanovic, N., Dutina, M., Stjepcevic, B., Sestovic, K. 1998. Kvalitet mora i stepen zagadjenja priobalnog juznog Jadrana. Zastita voda, 1998. pp. 1-9.Zikic, R., Mihailovic, R., Mandic, S., Stajn, A., Pavlovic, S., Ognjanovic, B. 1998. Odredjivanje koncentracije nekih metala u tkivima dagnje (Mytillus galloprovincialis) iz Bokokotorskog zaliva. Zastita voda 1998. pp. 15-20Vuksanovic, N., Krivokapic, S., 2005. Prilog poznavanju fitoplanktona kotorskog zaliva u zimskoj sezoni 2004. Zastita voda, 2005. pp. 347-350.Doklestic, O. 2005. Model zastite Boke Kotorske od naftnog zagadjenja. Zastita voda 2005. pp. 339-346.Lepetic, V. (1965):Sastav i sezonska dinamika ihtiobentosa i jestivih avertebrata u Bokokotorskom zalivu i mogucnosti njihove eksploatacije. Studia Marina No. 1. 1965.

QUALITY:
The Kotor-Risan bay is the inner part of the Boka Kotorska Bay and because of his unique beauty and biological diversity it is included in natural and cultural world heritage of UNESCO. Due to the calcareous composition of the relief water from the hinterland flows subterraneanly and mostly comes up again in the form of springs at the coastline or under the sea level. In such a way specific environmental conditions are created and protection of specific habitat and high diversity of marine life is of great importance.Also in the bay there are two islands from witch one (Gospa od Skrpjela) is artificial. Because of the few centuries long tradition of building and maintenance of this island the different materials, usually rocks are sinked there in the same day of the each year. That tradition, between other things, gives opportunity to follow settlements of some species and succession of the biocenosis.In this inner part of the bay we have some of the habitats from the resolution No. 4/96 and some species  protected by national and international laws. Because of that we consider this site of great importance for marine biodiversity. Also we should note that the bay is very important spawning area for some economically important fish species, so that is additional reason for protection and sustainable management of this site.

DESIGNATION:
The site is under protection of UNESCO as world natural and cultural haretage since 1979.

OTHERCHARACT:
Big input of fresh water, specialy because of underwater springs.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4. Lakusic R., 1968. Planinska vegetacija jugoistocnih Dinarida. Glasn. Republ. Zav. Zast. Prir.-Prir. Zbirke, 1: 9-75; Titograd5. Vuksanovic, S. 2003: Flora planine Babji zub. Magistarski rad.

QUALITY:
Pinus heldraichii forests are the most reptesentative on the whole teritory of Montenegro, even broaded. Vegetation in rocks crevices is very rech with endemic plant species. This site present refugial area .


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4.Lakusic, R., Redzic, S., Muratspahic, D. 1984: Zakonitosti singeneze vegetacije na vertikalnom profilu Orjena. Bilten Ekologa BiH (Sarajevo) B 3

QUALITY:
The forests of Pinus heldraichii is most representative on Adriatic Dinarids. Also, on this site many local endemic plant species are present like Salvia brachyodon, Thymus bracteosus, Saturea horvatii etc...  Very specific relief with different kinds of geomorfogical shapes are present on Orjen massif.


QUALITY:
The most representative habitat type of tree spurge formatons is present on the cliffs above the beach Pecin. There are four sea caves on this area.

DESIGNATION:
Pecin beach has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Area of Exceptional Natural Values (other names of the Category: Recreational Area, Monument of the Nature), since when this site is protected.


DOCUMENTATION:
. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia2. Pulevic, V. 2005: Material for  vascular flora of Montenegro, A Supplement to "Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae"3. Blecic, V., Lakusic, R. 1976: Prodromus biljnih zajednica Crne Gore Bulletines of the Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature in Podgorica (Glasnik Republickog zavoda za zastitu prirode u Podgorici), Volumes 9.4. Markisic, H. 1987: Mezofilne livade sveze Arrhenatherion elatioris Br-Bl, na planini Hajli. Rozajski Zbornik (Rozaje) 6

QUALITY:
Very specific endemic habitat type with Narthecium scardicum (montenegrin and albanian endemic species) is present on this site. Well developed Pinus peuce, and Pinus heldraichii forests are cover Hajla massif. The Bruckentalia heats in this site are most representative in Montenegro. On this site many local endemic plant species are present like Wulfenia blecicii, Hedysarum silicii etc...


QUALITY:
The most representative habitat type of tree spurge formatons is present on the hill Spas.

DESIGNATION:
Hill Spas has been recognized by national legislature (Official Gazette of SRM no 36 / 1968) as Special Natural Areas, since when this site is protected.


QUALITY:
The only findings of Androsace mathildae in Montenegro is situated in this site. The forest of Pinus heldreichii and mixed spruce-fir forests are well developed on lower altitude in the massif Komovi. The large part of this area is covered by rocks, screes, cliffs and high-mountain meadows characterised by endemic species and vegetation.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Official Gazette of R. Montenegro No. 55/2003 Marine fishery law2. Physical Plan of the enterprise "Morsko dobro" 2006.3. Joksimovic, A. 2000. Biomass estimate and maximum sustainable yield of pandora (Paggelus erythrinus, Linnaeus, 1758) in trawling fisheries on the Montenegrin shelf. Ichtyologia, Vol. 32. pp. 17-30.

QUALITY:
Species on the islands … In the sea few habitat types from Resolution No. 4/96 are very well developed, and specially we should underline the huge area covered by vary well developed meadows of seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Due to specific currents of water bodies this site and its vicinity is also vary well known as site with big marine diversity and important catch of economically important fish species.

DESIGNATION:
In the new "Morsko dobro" Physical Plan of the costal zone (2006) this zone is planed as protected one. Reasons were the beauty and biological diversity of the site and also the relatively conviniant posibility of controle.


DOCUMENTATION:
1. Official Gazette of R. Montenegro No. 55/2003 Marine fishery law2. Physical Plan of the enterprise "Morsko dobro" 2006.3. Radujkovic, B. 2005. Ribe Grbaljskog priobalja, Grbalj kroz vjekove, 2005. pp. 695-711

QUALITY:
Few habitat types from Resolution No. 4/96 are very well developed on this site and important number of marine species could be found there, so the site is of great quality and importance for protection. The Platamuni site is located on the open sea of Montenegrian coast. Due to the relatively big distance from nearest towns (Budva and Tivat) and because of the very few villages in the hinterland the pollution from land is almost not existing at all. With good management of this site that is additional reason  to expect  excellent quality of marine life on this site.

DESIGNATION:
This site is proposed to be protected area in the Physical Plan of the enterprise "Morsko dobro" 2006


DOCUMENTATION:
Anastasovski, V. et al. 1999. Sektorska studija: Zastita na prirodnoto nasledstvo za potrebite za izrabotka na Prostorniot plan na Republika Makedonija, Zavod za zivotna sredina, Ministerstvo za zivotna sredina i prostorno planiranje, Skopje.Anastasovski, V. & B. Micevski. 1996. Nacionalen ekoloski akcionen plan (NEAP) za Makedonija, tema 12: Biodiverzitetot i upravuvanjeto so zastitenite podracja vo Republika Makedonija, Republicki zavod za zastita na prirodnite retkosti, Skopje.Apostolski, K., N. Petrovski, O. Popovska & M. Sidorovski. 1956. Ribite vo Makedonija. Zavod za ribarstvo na NRM. Skopje.Bolkay, S. 1924. Popis vodozemaca i gmizavca, koje se nalaze u Bos.-Herc. Zemaljskom muzeju u Sarajevu s morfoloskim, bioloskim i zoogeografskim biljeskama. Spomenik Srpske Kraljevske Akademije, LXI. Beograd.Chernjavski, P. (1943). Prilog za floristicko poznavanje sire okoline Ohridskog Jezera. Ohrid. Zborn., 35(2): 11-88. Daniel, F. 1964. Die Lepidipteren fauna Jugoslawish Mazedoniens. II Bombyces et Sphinges. Posebno Izdanie. Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje 2: 1-75.Dimovski, A. 1981. Vodozemci i vlecugi na Nacionalniot Park Galicica. Contributions, II 1-2, Section of biological and medical sciences, Maced. Acad. of Sci. Arts. Skopje. pp. 65-74.Dzukic, G. 1995. Diverzitet vodozemaca (Amphibia) i gmizavca (Reptilia) Jugoslavije, sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja. - In: Stevanovic, V. & Vasic, V. eds. "Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medjunarodnog znacaja", Bioloski fakultet i Ecolibri, Beograd.Dzukic, G., M. Kalezic, S. Petkovski & V. Sidorovska. 2001. General remarks on Batraho- and Herpetofauna of the Balcan Peninsula. 75 years Maced. Mus. Nat. Hist., pp. 195-204.Georgiev, S. 1998. Kluc za odreduvanje na ribite (Osteichthyes) i zmijorkite (Cephalaspidomorpha) vo Republika Makedonija. Anfa, Skopje. pp. 1-177.Horvat, I. 1935. Istrazivanje vegetacije planina Vardarske banovine. I. Ljet. Jug. Akad., Zagreb, 47: 142-160.Horvat, I., V. Glavas & H. Ellenberg. 1974. Vegetetion Sudosteuropas. VEB Jena. (8a, Karaman, S. 1922). Beitrage zur Herpetologie von Mazedonien. Glasnik Hrv. prir. drustva, Zagreb, 34 (3).Karaman, S. 1924. Pisces Macedoniae. Hrvatska stamparija, Split.Karaman, S. 1928. III. Prilog herpetologiji Jugoslavije. Glasnik Skop. Nauc. Drus., 4.Karaman, S. 1928. Prilozi ihtiologije Jugoslavije. I. Glas. Skop. Naucn. Drus. 6(2).Karaman, B. 1987. Les Odonates du Lac de Prespa (Macedoine, Yugoslavie) I partie: La composition qualitative et L'analyse zoogeographique de la Faune. Ann. Fac. Sci. Nat., Biol. Skopje. 37/38: 97-110.Krystufek, B. & S. Petkovski. 1999. Mammals of Macedonia. In: The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press. London, San Diego, pp. 1-484.Kusan, F. 1953. Prilog poznavanju flore crnogorsko-albanskih i makedonski planina. Hrvat. prir. Drus., Zagreb, 4-6: 178-190.Makatsch, W. 1950. Die Vogelwelt Macedoniens. Leipzig.Matvejev, S. & A. Dimovski. 1955. Ornithologische Forzschungen in der VR Mazedonien. Arhiv Biol. nauka, Beograd. 7(1-2): 121-129.Mertzanis, Y., D. Bousbouras & S. Bourdakis. 2000. Status of brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) populations and habitat in the area of Prespa Lakes. Medjunaroden simpozium "Odrzliv razvoj na Prespanskiot region" Otesevo, 23-25 juni, 2000. Zbornik na trudovi, pp. 56-65. Micevski, B. 1988. Ornitofauna na nekoi biotopi vo Nacionalniot Park "Galicica". Aktivus, 7: 13-18.Micevski, B. 1992. Strukturni i faunisticki karakteristiki na rimskata ornitofauna na Prespanskoto Ezero-makedonski del. God. zb., Biol., Skopje 45: 51-55.Micevski, B. & M. Scneider-Jacoby. 1997. Zimski cenzus na vodnite ptici na makedonskata strana na Prespanskoto Ezero vo januari 1997 godina (so nivna valorizacija i analiza na struktura i ishrana). Medjunaroden Simpozium "Kon integralna zastita i odrzliv razvoj na transgranicnite ezera Golema i Mala Prespa", 24-26 oktomvri, Korca: 52-57.Micevski, B. 1998. Ornitofauna na Prespanskoto Ezero. Drustvo za proucuvanje i zastita na pticite na Makedonija, Vest, Skopje. pp. 1-60.Micevski, B. 2000. Evaluation of the Prespa Lake avifauna. Medjunaroden simpozium "Odrzliv razvoj na Prespanskiot region" Otesevo, 23-25 juni, 2000. Zbornik na trudovi, pp. 78-85. Micevski B. 2000. CORINE Biotopes in Macedonia, Zoological Dept., Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Skopje.Matevski, V. & M. Kostadinovski. 1996. Pregled na rastitelni vidovi cii locus classicus se naodja vo granicite na trite nacionalni parkovi vo Republika Makedonija. Balkanska Konferencija "Nacionalnite parkovi i nivna uloga vo zastitata na biodiverzitetot na Balkanskiot Poluostrov", 89-98.Micevski, K. 1969. Prilog za zapoznavanje florata na Makedonija, IV. God. zbor. PMF-biologija, Skopje, 21: 109-117. Micevski, K. 1985. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(1): 1-152.Micevski, K. 1993. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(2): 153-391.Micevski, K. 1995. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(3): 503-548. Micevski, K. 1998. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(4): 781-1113.Micevski, K. 2001. Flora na Republika Makedonija. MANU, 1(5): 1121-1430.Naumovski, M. 1995. Ribite vo Makedonija. Zaki, Skopje. pp.: 1-162.Peters, G. & H. Hackethal 1986. Notizien uber die Libellen (Odonata) in Mazedonien. Acta Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje, 18(5): 125-128.Petkovski, S. & B. Krystufek. 1998. Cicaci na Makedonija. Zavrsen izvestaj. Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje, pp. 1-170.Radovanovic, M. 1964. Die Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien in Jugoslawien. Senc. Biol., Franfurt am Main, 45, 3/5.Schaider, P. & P. Jaksic. 1989. Die Tagfalter von Jugoslawisch Mazedonien Diurna (Rhopalocera und Hesperiidae). Selbsverlag Paul Schaider, Ratoldstrasse 36, Munchen pp. 1-82.Thurner, J. 1964. Die Lepidopterenfauna Jugoslawisch Mazedonien. I. Rhopalocera, Grypocera und Noctuidae. Posebno Izdanie. Mus. Mac. Sci. Nat., Skopje. 1: 1-159.Weber, F. 1957. Botanicka vychazka do pohori Galicica. Sborn. klub. Prirodov. Brne, 39: 1-11.

QUALITY:
The most significant characteristics of National Park Galicica are its location between the two Lakes Ohrid and Prespa; its orographic and geomorphologic structures (deep valleys, glacial relief, cirques, karstic forms and caves); its diverse vegetation and richness in floral elements (mainly endemic and relict species) and its many important cultural and historical monuments.  The cave near the village Leskoec, for example, is a specific habitat where six bat species have their nursery colonies. Three of these species are listed on the List of Globally Threatened Vertebrates, and another two species are included on the List of Species of Special European Concern.From a floral standpoint, the National Park Galicica is a mosaic of diverse plant communities and representatives of various vegetation types (forest vegetation, sub-Alpic pasture vegetation on limestone rocky ground, vegetation on rocks etc), as well as a mosaic of a great number of species of various floral elements (local endemic species, Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean, south-Balkan, Balkan and  Pontic floral elements etc). There are 20 forest communities and 16 grass communities in the Park, consisting of 76 species of woody plants, 62 species of shrubs, 21 species of semi-shrubs, 14 species of climbers (lianas), and three species of semi-parasites/epiphytes. The fauna in the Park includes 1,644 species of butterflies, 11 species of amphibians, 21 species of reptiles, 260 species of birds, 51 species of mammals etc. Many amphibian, bird and mammal CORINE species are present, with butterflies possessing almost 10 CORINE species.The relatively small size of Galicica Mountain notwithstanding, it represents a centre of extremely high floral and faunal heterogeneity. As a unit complex, Galicica Mountain (14 floral and 26 faunal taxa), Lake Prespa (52 endemic taxa) and Lake Ohrid (more than 200 endemic taxa) represent a relatively restricted area with an enormously high level of biodiversity richness and endemism, one which has been characterised as the most impressive European "Hot Spot" (Gaston & David, 1994) for biodiversity richness and the presence of endemic species.The islet "Golem Grad", with its position as an isolated habitat with little anthropogenic influence, is perfect for protecting the rich ornitho- and herpetofauna. This is where the most abundant population of the species Natrix tesselata (dice snake) in Europe exists. The largest Balkan nesting colonies of the species Apus apus (swift) and Apus melba (alpine swift) are also present on this site. Besides its importance in geomorphological, botanical and zoological terms, it represents one of the most important archaeological sites of the Hellenistic and Roman civilisations. The Stenje Marsh is situated on the western shore of Lake Prespa. It is endangered by desiccation connected with the decreasing water level in Lake Prespa. We suggest  restoration of this habitat because of its irreplaceable role in the maintenance of the basic gene pool of many faunal species inhabiting seasonal wetlands.There are many important cultural and historical monuments within the area. Particularly noteworthy is the monastery of St. Naum, constructed in the 10th Century as an Old Slavic holy place.  The total area of the National Park Galicica is divided in two zones: ·strictly protected ·management The strictly protected zone comprises the area surrounding and also west of the peak, Magaro (2,254 m), and the localities, Nova Livada and Tepeno, with their two cirques. This zone covers an area of 550 ha.  The management zone includes the remaining area of the Park. It consists of a management area containing special natural features and a management area with planned conservation.  The management area containing special natural features extends south of the line which includes Gradiste-Bugarska Cuka, Asandzura Point, Devet Braka, Smoloica, Kale and Sir Han to the border with Albania and to the shores of Lakes Ohrid and Prespa, covering an area of 12,500 ha. This zone includes the following natural rarities: Natural Reserves:·Golem Grad (Large City) Island - 20 ha ·Prisoj locality above Otesevo - 23 ha·Plos - 31 ha ·Pluska locality - 60 ha·Tesen Kamen locality - 69 ha·Golem Osoj (Lako Signoj) - 890 ha·Kaleto locality - Tomoros - 950 ha·Prezna Planina locality - 540 ha.Natural Monuments:·Geologic profile above Lubaniste - 40 ha·Locality south of Leskoec - 50 ha·Crni Drim Springs·Swamp near Stenje - 18 ha·Biljana Springs·Studencista marshThe management area of planned conservation comprises an area of 9,700 ha in the section Gradiste - Asandzura - Sir Han. The management area also includes the following tourist areas: shoreline tourist areas of Ohrid and Prespa Lakes and the mountain tourist/recreational area.

DESIGNATION:
1. Law on Proclaiming the Forest Landscapes of Galicica Mountain as a National Park (Official Gazette of NRM, No. 31/1958)2. Law on the Protection of National Parks (Official Gazette of SRM, No. 33/1980)This Law defines the National Parks as natural rarities and establishes the objectives of their protection, the procedures for designating organisations dealing with national park protection and their obligations, the regime of protection, the manner in which special social interests are provided for, the method for providing funds to implement protection and penal provisions against lawbreakers.

OTHERCHARACT:
Due to the unique natural resources and the forest plant, animal and landscape diversity of Galicica Mountain, a large portion (an area covering 22,750 ha), was proclaimed a National Park in 1958.Galicica Mountain is situated between Ohrid and Prespa Lakes, in the south-westernmost part of the Republic of Macedonia. The lowest point is the water level of Ohrid Lake - 695 m above sea level (Prespa Lake is 850 m above sea level) - and the highest point is the peak Magaro - 2,265 m above sea level.  It is a long, narrow mountain, extending in a north-south direction and continuing into the territory of the Republic of Albania.  The side of the mountain facing Ohrid Lake is steep, rocky and to a great extent bare, thus resembling the mountains of the Dinaric Alps. This, and the presence of associated dry valleys, makes this part of Galicica difficult to access. The opposite, eastern side of Galicica, however, is quite different, with mild slopes completely overgrown with forests descending to the Prespa Valley.From the standpoint of regional designations, Galicica Mountain belongs to the southernmost part of the western-Macedonian mountain zone. Regarding its morphogenesis, the origin of Galicica is related to radial tectonic movements that took place in the Tertiary period, when this mountain massif actually developed. From a topographical standpoint, the mountain is divided in two parts: Small Galicica in the north (composed of Istok and Petrina Mountains) and Old Galicica in the south.  The highest part of the Galicica massif is represented by a wide, level area with three clearly distinguished peaks: Magaro (2,254 m), Lako Signoj (1,984 m) and Goga (1,737 m). These are the most outstanding points of the entire Galicica massif.The geological structure is mainly limestone. Erosion of the karstic material has left deep traces in the rock, forming all kinds of relief: crevices, hollows, depressions and karstic fields. Crevices belong to the category of micro-karstic forms, and are narrow, gutter-like, primarily parallel grooves and furrows. They occur on bare limestone areas, mostly in a ribbed or netlike form. Depressions are the most characteristic and most often found form of surface karstic relief. They occur on level surfaces, terraces and in karstic valleys. Their size ranges from 5 to 150 m in diameter and 10 m in depth. Hollows are larger, enclosed karstic depressions. A very typical hollow is located south of the peak Magaro. Its length is 400 m and its width, 150 m.  The karstic fields are the highest form of surface karstic relief. They are deep, enclosed or semi-enclosed depressions. There are four such karstic fields within the confines of the National Park: Suvo Pole, Asandjura, Dzaffa and Vrdulo. The largest karstic field, Suvo Pole, is 4.2 km long and 1 km wide. The lowest part of this field is at an elevation of 1,443 m above sea level.Altogether, 12 caves have been discovered on Galicica Mountain. The largest one, Samoska Dupka - with a length of 279 m - is situated in the karstic valley, Studeno, at an elevation of 1,430 m above sea level.Cliffs can also be found on Galicica Mountain. They were created by wave action and mostly occur in the direction extending from the Gradiste Peninsula toward the village of Lubaniste.Of the unvegetated forms on Galicica, the most represented are eroded vertical rock faces and taluses. They are most outstanding beneath the large tectonic area located on the western side of the peak, Magaro, as well as under the peak, Lako Signoj.During the glacial period, Galicica Mountain was affected by intensive glaciation, which left deep traces in the relief. Remnants from that period include a number of cirques, the most impressive of which is situated below Magaro Peak at an elevation between 2,000 and 2,100 m above sea level. The dimensions of this cirque are 400 m by 380 m.The Mountain massif of Galicica is very windy due to the general atmospheric circulation caused by the differential warming of the land on the one hand and the lakes on the other. Wind circulation is mainly from the sides of the mountain towards Ohrid and Prespa Lakes and back again.Because of its limestone structure, Galicica Mountain is relatively poor in surface water bodies. At its base, however, in the contact zone between the limestone and schist layers, water emerges in the form of powerful springs. They are connected to the large karstic aquifer on Galicica, where great reserves of ground water accumulate as a result of underground flow from Prespa Lake through a system of fissures (Prespa Lake lies 150 m higher than Ohrid Lake). The largest springs are found on the eastern shore of Ohrid Lake, such as the springs near the monastery of St. Naum (which has a capacity of 5-20 m3 per second), the underwater spring near the village of Trpejca etc. The islet "Golem Grad" (Large City) is included within the National Park as a strictly protected zone. This islet is situated in Lake Prespa, 4.5 km from the village of Konsko. The islet is 720 m long and 470 m wide. It looks like a small cliff rising 48 m above the water. There are two hills on the islet. The higher of the two, at 901 m, is situated in the north-east, while the lower one is in the southern part. From a geological standpoint, the islet belongs to the western part of Prespa Lake, which was split in the past by tectonic movements. This was determined by comparing the elevation of the level top of the island with some parts of the western Prespa shore; they are at approximately the same elevation. Due to its limestone structure, the island Golem Grad is filled with numerous fissures through which all atmospheric water reaching the surface penetrates. Therefore, surface water courses or springs can not be found here. At certain points around the island, one can see fractured limestone blocks situated primarily near the vertical fissures. This leads to the conclusion that earthquakes in the past have moved the cliffs, and that the size of the island became smaller through time. The force of wave impacts also played a major role in this process. According to the latest data, dendroflora in the Park is comprised of 177 tree, shrub and semi-shrub species (formerly 176 until the discovery of Cotoneaster mariana [A. And. & V. And.,1995]). Fig. 1. Types of autochthonous tree species in National Park Galicica by growth habit.Form acc. to habit HeightNumber of speciesTall trees> 25 ì12Medium-tall trees12-25 ì39Short trees< 12 ì25Total trees76Tall shrubs> 2.5 ì16Medium-tall shrubs1-2.5 ì21Low shrubs< 1 ì25Total shrubs62Semi-shrubs21Climber (lianas, vines)14Semiparasites/epiphytes3176The geographical location, the relief, the diverse environmental conditions (orographic, geologic-petrographic, hydrographic, climatic, edaphic etc.), historical development, as well as past inordinate anthropo-zoogenic influences, caused the development of numerous forest and grass phytocoenoses on the mountain massif of Galicica, with a great number of relict, endemic and rare plant species which originate from the post-glacial period (i.e., Tertiary). In the high mountain area above the upper boundary of the forest zone, vast pasture phytocoenoses are present. One of the main characteristics of these communities is the rich floral composition, which includes a large number of sub-Mediterranean species (thus confirming the sub-Mediterranean climatic influence). The National Park Galicica includes 20 forest communities: 1. assn. Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedonicum Rud. (1939)subassn. Buxosumsubassn. Amygdaletum  webbii 2. assn. Phyllireo-Carpinetum orientalis Em. (1957) 3. assn. Quercetum macedonicae Em. (1959) 4. assn. Querco-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Ht. (1938) 5. assn. Seslerio-Ostryetum carpinifoliae Ht. (1950) 6. assn. Ostryo-Quercetum cerris Em. (1968) 7. assn. Pruno webbii-Juniperutum excelsae Em. (1962) 8. assn. Juniperetum excelsae-foetidissimae Em. (1962) 9. assn. Quercetum frainetto-cerris Ht. (1959) 10. assn. Orno-Quercetum petraeae Em. (1968) 11. assn. Orno-Quercetum cerris Em. (1964) 12. assn. Festuco heterophylae-Fagetum Em. (1965) 13. assn. Calamintho grandiflorae-Fagetum Em. (1965) 14. assn. Abieti-Fagetum Em. (1985) 15. assn. Aceri obtusati-Ostryo-Fagetum Jov. (1967) 16. assn. Seslerio-Fagetum Ble. et Lak. (1970) 17. assn. Fagetum subalpinum Em. (1961) 18. assn. Juglando-Aesculetum hippocastani Mat. et Nik. (1976) 19. assn. Fraxino-Alnetum glutinosae Lj. Mic. (1978)20. assn. Salici-Populetum albo-nigrae et nudumAccording to R. Rizovski and Lj. Micevski, the following grass (pasture) phytocoenoses can be found on the mountain massif of Galicica:  1. assn. Asyneumo-Stipetum mediterranae Ht. (1960)2. assn. Onobrichydo-Fastucetum cyllenicae Ht. (1936)3. assn. Peucedano-Festucetum paniculatae Ht. (1937)4. assn. Morino-Stipetum mediterranae Riz. (1976)5. assn. Geranio-Poetum violaceae Ht. (1935)6. assn. Seslerietum wettsteinii Ht. (1937)7. assn. Edraeantho-Helianthemetum balcanici Ht. (1935)8. assn. Phleo-Poetum alpinae Ht. (1936)In the high mountain area, in addition to the above grass (pasture) communities, other communities can also be found, according to R. Rizovski:9. assn. Saxifrago-Potentilletum speciosae Ht. (1937)          10. assn. Drypetum linneanae Ht. (1931)          11. assn. Rindero-Acantholimetum Que. (1964)          12. assn. Calamagrosti-Genistetum radiatae et nudum          13. assn. Helianthemo-Seslerietum et nudumIn the hilly-mountain area of this mountain massif, according to R. Rizovski and Lj. Micevski, the following grass (pasture) phytocoenoses can be found: 1. assn. Helianthemo-Euphorbietum thessalae K. Mic. (1972)2. assn. Teucrio-Arthemitiesum lobelli K. Mic. (1970)3. assn. Asphodelo-Pterydietum Em. (1967)4. assn. Genisto-Agrostidetum byzanthianae K. Mic. (1978)From this data we can conclude that within the National Park Galicica, there are 37 plant communities of which 20 are forest communities. The great floral richness of the Galicica massif and National Park represents a natural treasure, ranking this landscape among the richest in plant communities and plant species, not only in our country but also in the wider Balkans. The National Park Galicica is characterised by many relict and endemic plant species. Important relict species include: Aesculus hippocastanum, Crocus cvijici, Ramonda serbica, Morina persica, Phelipaea boissieri, Berberis croatica etc. Within the boundaries of the Park are typical sites (Locus typicus) for 20 species of Cormophyta, 12 of which are local endemic species. These include: Bupleurum mayeri, Centaurea galicicae, Centaurea tomorosii, Centaurea soskae, Nepeta ernesti-mayeri, Laserpitium ochridanum, Helichrysum zivojini, Edrianthus horvatii, Festuca galicicae, Micromeria kosanini etc.List of Endemic Floral Species of Galicica Mountain1.Astragalus mayeri Micevski (1970)2.Bupleurum mayeri Micevski (1990)3.Centaurea galicicae Micevski (1985)4.Centaurea soskae Hayek (1926)5.Centaurea tomorosii Micevski (1985)6.Crocus cvijici Kosanin (1926)7.Dianthus galicicae Micevski (1987)8.Dianthus ochridanus Micevski (1987)9.Festuca galicicae Horvat (1978)10.Helichrysum zivojini Cernaevski & Soska (1943)11.Laserpitum ochridanum Micevski (1981)12.Micromeria kosanini Silic (1979)13.Nepeta ernesti-mayeri Diklic & Nikolic (1977)14.Cotoneaster mariana Andonovski (1996)From a faunal standpoint, the biodiversity richness of Galicica Mountain, compared with other mountains, is much more impressive. Only a few invertebrate groups which play important roles in any natural ecosystem that should be protected and managed shall be included in this discussion.The Subphylum Branchiata, with its single Class, Crustacea, is well represented in both the moving and the stagnant temporary water bodies of Galicica Mountain. From the Subclass Branchiopoda, representatives of three Orders (fairy shrimps, tadpole shrimps and clam shrimps) have shown a unique, simultaneous appearance in the same temporary pool, "Crvena Bara" (Petkovski, 1993). From the Subclass Ostracoda (water fleas), the species Heterocypris erikae and Heterocypris incongruens are endemic species for Galicica Mountain, with a disjunctive distribution restricted to the temporary pools of Galicica (Petkovski, 1998).The Subclass Malacostraca is represented by all three freshwater Orders (Amphipoda, Isopoda and Decapoda) (Karaman, 1973, 1974, 1976). From the Order Amphipoda (scuds), the following four taxa: Gammarus rambouseki, Niphargus maximus petkovskii, Niphargus sanctinaumi and Niphargus stankoi have been determined to be endemics, present only in the Galicica Mountain's springs and streams (Karaman, 1973, 1974). The Order Decapoda (crayfishes) is represented by the stream crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium macedonicus, which is a Macedonian endemic taxon (Karaman, 1976).From the Subphylum Tracheata, the Class Insecta is represented by the largest number of species. For this discussion, however, only representatives of the Order Lepidoptera (butterflies) which are completely investigated will be included. Through an examination of butterfly composition and diversity, we can make relatively good assumptions about the total invertebrate fauna, since butterflies are a major portion of the total composition as well as being very strong bioindicators of the status of other invertebrate groups.The Family Noctuidae (moths) are represented by 347 species, which is 75% of the entire Macedonian moth fauna (468 species [Thurner, 1964]). At first glance, this paradoxically high diversity is not impressive, because Macedonia itself has an extremely rich moth fauna compared with other countries. According to data given by Thurner (1964),  the entire country of Albania possess only 225 species of moths, which is far less than the number of species present only on Galicica Mountain itself. Unfortunately, because of the lack of similar complete investigations for Greece or Bulgaria, we are not able to make a comparative analysis with these neighbouring countries. Another interesting fact is that, of the eight Macedonian endemic moth species, seven are present on Galicica Mountain.The butterflies of the tribe Microlepidoptera are represented by 695 species (Klimesch, 1968). This is much more than the Microlepidopteran fauna of any other mountain in the Balkans or Europe. Twelve of these species are Macedonian endemic taxa, six of which are present exclusively on Galicica Mountain.Daniel (1964), in his study on the Bombycid and Sphingid butterflies and moths of Macedonia, recognized 156 species for Galicica Mountain. Six Macedonian endemic species are present on the Mountain, two of which are restricted entirely to Galicica.The butterflies of the Family Geometridae are represented with 232 species. Three of them are Macedonian endemics, and two of these are restricted to Galicica Mountain (Pinker, 1968).Finally, Thurner (1964) and Schaider & Jaksic (1989), investigating the diurnal butterflies of the groups Rhopalocera and Grypocera, recorded the presence of 143 species for Galicica Mountain, which is 76% of the total number of species known for Macedonia (total of 199 species).To summarise, the total number of butterfly species present on Galicica Mountain is 1,644, which is an enormous concentration of butterfly diversity present in a very restricted area.The Subphylum Vertebrata represents the Phylum Chordata in the fauna of Galicica Mountain. Because of their high level of complexity and diversity of features, the vertebrates entail the most significant group of the animal kingdom.The Class Pisces (fishes), is almost absent on Galicica Mountain itself.  There is a paucity of large mountain streams emptying into Lakes Prespa and Ohrid. The springs of St. Naum and the Biljanini Springs are situated very close to the shore of Lake Ohrid, so do not form large streams. Therefore, it will be more convenient to conclude that Galicica Mountain does not possess its own fish fauna.The Class Amphibia is represented by 11 species (Sidorovska et al., unpublished data). The species Rana graeca, as well as the subspecies Pelobates syriacus balcanicus, Bombina variegata scabra, Triturus vulgaris graecus and Triturus carnifex macedonicus, are Balkan endemics.The Class Reptilia on Galicica Mountain is represented by 21 species (Petkovski et al., unpublished data). The species Algyroides nigropunctatus, as well as the subspecies Testudo hermani boettgeri, Emys orbicularis hellenica, Cyrtodactylus kotschyi skopjensis, Ablepharus kitaibellii stepaneki, Lacerta agilis bosnica, Podarcis erhardii riveti and Podarcis muralis albanica, are Balkan endemics. The total number of amphibians and reptiles on Galicica Mountain sum to 30 species. It is surprising that this mountain shows such a high level of herpetological diversity. This richness is higher than in northern European countries (Finland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland and Great Britain) and is at approximately the same level as the middle European countries (Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria and Switzerland).The Class Aves (birds) on Galicica Mountain, including the shore areas of Lakes Ohrid and Prespa, is represented by 260 species, which is 84% of the total Macedonian ornithofauna (Micevski, 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998; Vasic, pers. comm.).The Class Mammalia (mammals) on Galicica Mountain, according to Petkovski & Krystufek (1998) and Krystufek & Petkovski (1999), is represented by 51 species, which is 62% of the total mammal fauna of Macedonia.List of Endemic Fauna Species of Galicica MountainCRUSTACEA: OSTRACODA1.Heterocypris erikae Petkovski & Keyser (1995)2.Candona paloskii Petkovski & Scharf (1998)CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA1.Gammarus rambouseki Karaman (1931)2.Niphargus maximus petkovskii Karaman (1963)3.Niphargus sanctinaumi Karaman (1943)4.Niphargus stankoi Karaman (1973)CHELICERATA: PSEUDOSCORPIONES1.Neobisium ohridanum Hadzi (1940)CHELICERATA: OPILIONES1.Siro ohridanum Hadzi (1973)MYRIAPODA: DIPLOPODA1.Acanthopetalum thessalorum lychnitis Verhoeff (1932)INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA1.Ramburiella turcomana Fisher (1833)2.Poecilimon chapardi Ramme (1933)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (MICROLEPIDOPTERA)1.   Parachronistis lunaki Rebel (1941)2.  Cariocolum xuthellum Rebel (1941)3.   Pantacordis pantsa Gozmany (1963)4. Coleophora macedonica Toll (1959)5. Coleophora scabrida Toll (1959)6. Buculatrix pseudosylvella Rebel (1941)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (GEOMETRIDAE)1.Calostigia wolfschlageri Pinker (1938)2.Chesias pinkeri Schawerda (1939)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (BOMBYCIDAE & SPHINGIDAE)1.Zygaena achilleae winnenguthi Holik (1937)2.Zygaena brizae ochrida, Holik (1937)3.Euproctis rivularis dannehli Daniel (1964)4.Bankesia macedoniella Rebel (1917)INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA (NOCTUIDAE)1.Hadena clara macedonica Boursin (1959)2.Agrochola thurneri Boursin (1953)3.      Porphyrinia thurneri Zerny (1936)


