# bird_check_list

taxGroup_en:
Kingfishers, Rollers, Bee-eaters and Hoopoe


sub_unit:
sensu stricto [excluding italiae]; non-native populations


sub_unit:
sensu stricto [excluding nitidus and plumbeitarsus]


sub_unit:
Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa


sub_unit:
[excluding meridionalis, but including koenigi]


sub_unit:
W Europe & North-west Africa/Sub-Saharan Africa


sub_unit:
[including degener, hedwigii, ombriosus, palmensis and ultramarinus]


sub_unit:
sensu stricto [excluding canariensis, ibericus and tristis]


# bird_crosslink_MS_EU

sub_unitMS:
W Europe & North-west Africa/Sub-Saharan Africa


sub_unitMS:
Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa


sub_unitMS:
[excluding meridionalis, but including koenigi]

sub_unitEU:
[excluding meridionalis, but including koenigi]


sub_unitMS:
[including degener, hedwigii, ombriosus, palmensis and ultramarinus]

sub_unitEU:
[including degener, hedwigii, ombriosus, palmensis and ultramarinus]


sub_unitMS:
sensu stricto [excluding canariensis, ibericus and tristis]

sub_unitEU:
sensu stricto [excluding canariensis, ibericus and tristis]


sub_unitMS:
sensu stricto [excluding nitidus and plumbeitarsus]

sub_unitEU:
sensu stricto [excluding nitidus and plumbeitarsus]


sub_unitMS:
sensu stricto [excluding italiae]; non-native populations


# data_bgmeasures

sitename:
Special Protection Area ‘Ayia Thekla-Liopetri’

impact:
The impact was related to the permanent destruction and deterioration of the rocky coast used by Charadrius leschenaultii


sitename:
Ramsar-Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete

project_title:
Ausbau des Buhnensystems an der Steinkante der Hallig Gröde


sitename:
Greifswalder Bodden und südlicher Strelasund

project_title:
Bau der Gasanlandestation am Standort Lubmin/Deutschland zur Verarbeitung und Weiterleitung des Erdgases aus der Ostsee-Pipeline Nord-Stream in die Erdgastrassen OPAL und NEL


project_title:
Gehölzrückschnitt in Weichholzauwäldern des Überschwemmungsgebietes als vorgezogene Maßnahme des in der Aufstellung befindlichen "Rahmenplans für abflussverbessernde Maßnahmen an der unteren Mittelelbe"


project_title:
Wiederherstellung der Deichsicherheit entlang der Jeetzel und am Luciekanal (2. Planungsabschnitt)


project_title:
Hochwasserschadensbeseitung linker Alanddeich, Ortslage Wanzer (km 19,3 - 20,7)


project_title:
Deichsanierung und -rückverlegung zwischen Fähre Sandau und Altenzaun


project_title:
Hochwasserschadensbeseitigung am rechten Elbedeich Blumenthal, km 15,35 bis 16,0


project_title:
Hochwasserschadensbeseitigung am rechten Elbedeich Ihleburg, km 18,3 bis 19,33


project_title:
Hochwasserschadensbeseitigung am rechten Elbedeich Parchau, km 16,0 bis 17,5


project_title:
Hochwasserschadensbeseitigung am rechten Elbedeich Parey, km 27,63 bis 28,73


project_title:
Hochwasserschadensbeseitigung am rechten Elbedeich Schartau, km 7,4 bis 9,0


project_title:
Hochwasserschadensbeseitigung am rechten Elbedeich bei Sandau, km 72,63 bis 76,5


project_title:
Sanierung des rechten Elbedeiches am Abschnitt Niegripp, km 2,14 bis 3,7 (ST)


project_title:
Sanierung und Austrassierung des rechten Elbdeiches bei Fischbeck, km 41,3 bis 48,0; Abschnitt 1+2: km 45,17-47,70


project_title:
Sanierung und Austrassierung des rechten Elbdeiches bei Schönhausen, km 48,0 bis 49,95


project_title:
Instandsetzungsmaßnahme der Oder bei Reitwein


project_title:
Schienenausbaustrecke Knappenrode-Horka 3. BA, Planungsabschnitt "Neißetal"


sitename:
Biosphärenreservat Oberlausitzer Heide- und Teichlandschaft


project_title:
Schienenausbaustrecke Knappenrode-Horka 3. BA, Planungsabschnitte "Teiche und Wälder um Mückenhain"


sitename:
Täler von Oberem Main, Unterer Rodach und Steinach

project_title:
B 173 Lichtenfels- Zettlitz; 3. BA Michelau-Zettlitz


project_title:
Felssicherungsmaßnahmenn Hirschsprung oberhalb der B 31


project_title:
PRESA DE MULARROYA, AZUD DE DERIVACION Y CONDUCCION DE TRASVASE, TT.MM. DE LA ALMUNIA DE DOÑA GODINA, CHODES Y RICLA (ZARAGOZA) Y ACTUACIONES COMPLEMENTARIAS

impact:
Impactos sobre habitat y población de Hieraaetus fasciatus. Medidas de protección de tendidos para reducer mortalidad en el área de campeo de las parejas residents y en la de dispersion de juveniles.


project_title:
Procedura ministeriale di VIA ID_VIP:795 - Progetto di Impianto Idroelettrico di Regolazione nel Comune di Campolattaro (BN).


project_title:
Lavori urgenti per l’assetto funzionale della tratta terminale destra del fiume Adige tra le progressive km 406-409 in comune di Rosolina (RO). Perizia di variante e suppletiva n. 599 in data 10.08.2010.


project_title:
Realizzazione dell’impianto idroelettrico “Vallesella” sul torrente Talagona, in comune di Domegge di Cadore (BL)”, proposto dalla Società Idro Vacchelli S.r.l., Padova – rif. progetto numero 30/2008


project_title:
Misure di compensazione adottate a seguito dell’incidenza negativa dell’intervento non autorizzato di livellamento dell’area ex MEDSPA all’interno della ZPS IT4060008 “Valle del Mezzano” - Caso EU PILOT 2218/11/ENVI

impact:
Misure di compensazione adottate a seguito dell’incidenza negativa dell’intervento non autorizzato di livellamento dell’area ex MEDSPA all’interno della ZPS IT4060008 “Valle del Mezzano” - Caso EU PILOT 2218/11/ENVI - Interventi a scopo agricolo aventi un’incidenza sulla ZPS IT4060008 “Valle del Mezzano” (Oasi dei Caprioli) nel Comune di Portomaggiore (FE) – Art. 6(2) e 6(3) della Direttiva 92/43/CEE.


project_title:
Parco Urbano Isola della Certosa, in Comune di Venezia


sitename:
Pale di San Martino, Focobon, Pape San Lucano, Agner Croda Granda

project_title:
Impianto idroelettrico sul torrente Biois – misure di compensazione nei Comuni di Falcade e Canale d’Agordo


project_title:
Nova ligação ferroviária entre Évora Norte e Elvas/Caia

impact:
os principais impactes esperados decorrentes deste projeto são: perda direta de habitat como resultado da implantação do projeto; efeito de exclusão; perda da viabilidade do lek de abetarda; abandono do dormitório de peneireiro-cinzento e de francelho e mortalidade direta como resultado de colisão com as catenárias ou com os comboios


project_title:
ABP — Southampton Approach Channel Dredge


project_title:
Essex and South Suffolk Shoreline Management Plan (SMP 8)


project_title:
Humber Estuary Flood Risk Managmenet Strategy


project_title:
Blyth Estuary Flood Risk Management Strategy


project_title:
Portchester Castle to Emsworth Flood Risk Management Strategy


project_title:
Penclawdd Flood Risk Management Strategy


project_title:
Severn Estuary and North Devon and Somerset Shoreline Management Plan


project_title:
North West England and North Wales Shoreline Management Plan


sitename:
Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA


# data_bgmonitoring

monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory Common Quail and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made in April 2013.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Environment and Planning Authority with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during the 2013 Spring season.


monitoring_title:
Spring 2013 Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.

This study has been carried out by Kaccaturi San Ubertu (KSU), a voluntary organization of Maltese hunters governed by a strict code of conduct representing around 1500 hunters and live-capturers. The study is an annual survey on Spring Migration in relation to the Common Quail and Turtle Dove migration. The prime purpose of this survey is to depict a true picture of migration and the related limited hunting opportunities based on a sampling of the hunting community. A copy of this survey and report has been submitted to DG Environment within the European Commission.

monitoring_reference:
Kaccaturi San Ubertu (2013). Spring 2013 Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.


monitoring_title:
Increased numbers of wintering Moussier’s Redstarts in Malta.

This note has been published by Ornithologist Dr Natalino Fenech and researcher Michael Sammut following a noticable increase in numbers of wintering Moussier’s Redtarts (Phoenicurus moussieri) in Malta.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. and Sammut, M. 2013, ‘Increased numbers of wintering Moussier’s Redstarts in Malta’.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory Common Quail and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made in April 2014.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during the 2014 Spring season.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory finches over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December 2014.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory finches in Malta during October and December 2014.


monitoring_title:
2014 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.

This study has been carried out by Kaccaturi San Ubertu (KSU), a voluntary organization of Maltese hunters governed by a strict code of conduct representing around 1500 hunters and live-capturers. The study is an annual survey on Spring Migration in relation to the Common Quail and Turtle Dove migration. The prime purpose of this survey is to depict a true picture of migration and the related limited hunting opportunities based on a sampling of the hunting community. A copy of this survey and report has been submitted to DG Environment within the European Commission.

monitoring_reference:
Kaccaturi San Ubertu (2014). 2014 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.


monitoring_title:
Allen’s Gallinule breeding in Malta in July 2014.

This journal was published by Ornithologist Dr Natalino Fenech and researcher Michael Sammut following observations of breeding behaviour of the Allen’s Gallinule (Porphyrio alleni), a species considered as vagrant for the Maltese Islands.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. and Sammut, M. 2014, ‘Allen’s Gallinule breeding in Malta in July 2014’.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory Common Quail and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made during September and October 2014.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during September and October 2014.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory Common Quail and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made in April 2015.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during the 2015 spring season.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory Common Quail and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made during September and October 2015.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during September and October 2015.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory finches, Golden Plover and Song Thrush over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December 2015.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, Ecoserv by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory finches, Golden Plover and Song Thrush in Malta during October and December 2015.


monitoring_title:
2015 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.

This study has been carried out by Kaccaturi San Ubertu (KSU), a voluntary organization of Maltese hunters governed by a strict code of conduct representing around 1500 hunters and live-capturers. The study is an annual survey on Spring Migration in relation to the Common Quail and Turtle Dove migration. The prime purpose of this survey is to depict a true picture of migration and the related limited hunting opportunities based on a sampling of the hunting community. A copy of this survey and report has been submitted to DG Environment within the European Commission.

monitoring_reference:
Kaccaturi San Ubertu (2015). 2015 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.


monitoring_title:
Two Records of Common Magpie Pica pica In the Maltese Islands.

This paper refers to latest sightings of two individuals of the Common Magpie in the Maltese Islands. This species has only been recorded once back in 1839 and has been recently recorded again through single individuals on the 9th November 2010 and 9th September 2011.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. and Sammut, M. 2015, ‘Two Records of Common Magpie Pica pica In the Maltese Islands’.


monitoring_title:
First Record of Successful Breeding of Black-Crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax in Malta.

The paper refers to the first record of successful breeding pair of Black-crowned night heron in Malta. After various attempts of breeding in 2014, which unfortunately failed, a pair has successfully bred within the “Bird Park” in Burmarrad, leading to the successful fledging of three birds.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. and Sammut, M. 2015,’First Record of Successful Breeding of Black-Crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax in Malta’.


monitoring_title:
Eleven New Species of Birds for the Maltese Islands.

Following the publication of the book ‘A complete guide to the birds of Malta’, which revised the status of all species and included several new species to the list of birds of Malta, another 11 new species have been added: Amur Falcon, Lesser Yellowlegs, Common Eider, Bonaparte’s Gull, Oriental Turtle Dove, Red-flanked Bluetail, Atlas Pied Flycatcher, Citrine Wagtail, Black-throated Thrush, Twite and Bobolink. The species have been observed alive in the field or found as specimens in local carefully checked collections.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. and Sammut, M. 2015,’Eleven New Species of Birds For the Maltese Islands’.


monitoring_title:
Lesser Yellowlegs in Malta May 2015.

This article was written by Ornithologist Dr Natalino Fenech and researcher Michael Sammut following the first recorded sighting of Lesser Yellowlegs in Malta during May 2015.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. and Sammut, M. 2015, ’Lesser Yellowlegs in Malta in May 2015’. Dutch Birding, Volume 37, No5, 2015.


monitoring_title:
Report  on  a  survey  of  the  influx  of  migratory  Common Quail  and  Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made in April 2016. 

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during the 2016 spring season.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory Common Quail and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made during September and October 2016.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during September and October 2016.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of Golden Plover and Song Thrush over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December2016.
 
This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) and Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) in Malta during October and December 2016.


monitoring_title:
Report  on  a  survey  of  the  influx  of  migratory  finches  (Linnet,  Chaffinch, Serin, Goldfinch, Greenfinch, Hawfinch, and Siskin) over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December 2016. 

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory finches in Malta during October and December 2016.


monitoring_title:
2016 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.

This study has been carried out by Kaccaturi San Ubertu (KSU), a voluntary organization of Maltese hunters governed by a strict code of conduct representing around 1500 hunters and live-capturers. The study is an annual survey on Spring Migration in relation to the Common Quail and Turtle Dove migration. The prime purpose of this survey is to depict a true picture of migration and the related limited hunting opportunities based on a sampling of the hunting community. A copy of this survey and report has been submitted to DG Environment within the European Commission.

monitoring_reference:
Kaccaturi San Ubertu (2016). 2016 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.


monitoring_title:
Report  on  a  survey  of  the  influx  of  migratory  Common Quail  and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made in March – April 2017. 

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur)
in Malta during the 2017 Spring season.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory Common Quail and Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made during September and October 2017.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur)
in Malta during September and October 2017.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of Golden Plover and Song Thrush over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December 2017.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) and Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) in Malta during October and December 2017.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory finches (Common Linnet, Common Chaffinch, European Serin, European Goldfinch, European Greenfinch, Hawfinch, Eurasian Siskin) over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December 2017.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory finches in Malta during October and December 2017.


monitoring_title:
2017 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.

This study has been carried out by Kaccaturi San Ubertu (KSU), a voluntary organization of Maltese hunters governed by a strict code of conduct representing around 1500 hunters and live-capturers. The study is an annual survey on Spring Migration in relation to the Common Quail and Turtle Dove migration. The prime purpose of this survey is to depict a true picture of migration and the related limited hunting opportunities based on a sampling of the hunting community. A copy of this survey and report has been submitted to DG Environment within the European Commission.

monitoring_reference:
Kaccaturi San Ubertu (2017). 2017 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.


monitoring_title:
Birds of the Maltese Islands.

‘Birds of the Maltese Islands’ documents and illustrates almost all the 463 species of birds recorded in the Maltese Islands, giving their status, important old records as well as recent notable sightings since 2010. The book gives current English and scientific bird names according to the recommendations of the influential ornithological journal Dutch Birding. Maltese names are also listed.
 
This book contains several new important records of birds recorded for the first time since 2010, when the book ‘A Complete Guide to the Birds of Malta’, by the same author, was published. The book was judged as one of the best ten bird books published in 2010 by Birdwatch in the UK.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. (2017). Birds of the Maltese Islands. San Gwann, Malta: BDI.


monitoring_title:
Prey taken and other specific behaviour by breeding Peregrine Falcons in the Maltese Islands.

This note written by Ornithologist Dr Natalino Fenech and researched Michael Sammut describes behaviours observed from the recently established breeding pairs of Peregrine Falcons within the Maltese Islands.

monitoring_reference:
Fenech, N. and Sammut, M. (2017). ‘Prey taken and other specific behaviour by breeding Peregrine Falcons in the Maltese Islands’. CSI: Birding Scarce migrants 2014: Passerines. Best Bird Book 2016, pgs 1-4.


monitoring_title:
Report  on  a  survey  of  the  influx  of  migratory  Common Quail  and  Turtle Dove over the Maltese Islands, made in April 2018.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) in Malta during the 2018 spring season.


monitoring_title:
2018 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.

This study has been carried out by Kaccaturi San Ubertu (KSU), a voluntary organization of Maltese hunters governed by a strict code of conduct representing around 1500 hunters and live-capturers. The study is an annual survey on Spring Migration in relation to the Common Quail and Turtle Dove migration. The prime purpose of this survey is to depict a true picture of migration and the related limited hunting opportunities based on a sampling of the hunting community. A copy of this survey and report has been submitted to DG Environment within the European Commission.

monitoring_reference:
Kaccaturi San Ubertu (2018). 2018 Spring Hunting Derogation Report and Survey.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of Golden Plover and Song Thrush over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December 2018.

This study was commissioned to Ecoserv Ltd, an independent environmental consultancy, by the Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Climate Change with the aim of providing an independent scientific study on the influx or passage of migratory Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) and Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) in Malta during October and December 2018.


monitoring_title:
Report on a survey of the influx of migratory finches (Common Linnet, Common Chaffinch, European Serin, European Goldfinch, European Greenfinch, Hawfinch, Eurasian Siskin) over the Maltese Islands, made between October and December 2018


monitoring_title:
Green, M., Haas, F. & Lindström, Å. 2019. Övervakning av fåglarnas populationsutveckling. Årsrapport för 2018. (Monitoring population changes of birds in Sweden. Annual report for 2018.)


monitoring_title:
Population trends of birds in Poland
Summary of the surveys conducted under the Monitoring of Birds of Poland project. The book contains information of population trends  and distribution of 160 breeding birds and 34 migrating and wintering birds, for a total of 178 species. In addition, for almost 100 species included in the Monitoring of Common Breeding Birds, for which 17-year data series were available, the changes in their numbers in time and space within Poland were analyzed.

monitoring_reference:
http://monitoringptakow.gios.gov.pl/publikacje?file=files/pliki/publikacje/Trendy_liczebnosci_ptakow_w_Polsce_2018.pdf
Chylarecki P., Chodkiewicz T., Neubauer G., Sikora A., Meissner W., Wozniak B., Wylegala P., Lawicki L., Marchowski D., Betleja J., Bzoma S., Cenian Z., Górski A., Korniluk M., Moczarska J., Ochocinska D., Rubacha S., Wieloch M., Zielinska M., Zielinski P., Kuczynski L. 2018. Trendy liczebnosci ptaków w Polsce. GIOS, Warszawa.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of Birds of Poland 2016-2018 Nature monitoring bulletin No 17: 1-90
Summary of the surveys conducted under the Monitoring of Birds of Poland for breeding, migrating and wintering populations of birds in 2016-2018.

monitoring_reference:
http://monitoringptakow.gios.gov.pl/publikacje?file=files/pliki/publikacje/Biuletyn17_2018_www.pdf
Chodkiewicz T., Neubauer G., Sikora A., Lawicki L., Meissner W., Bobrek R., Cenian Z., Bzoma S., Betleja J., Kuczynski L., Moczarska J., Rohde Z., Rubacha S., Wieloch M., Wylegala P., Zielinska M., Zielinski P., Chylarecki P. 2018. Monitoring Ptaków Polski w latach 2016–2018. Biuletyn Monitoringu Przyrody 17: 1–90.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of Birds of Poland 2015-2016 Nature monitoring bulletin No 15: 1-86
Summary of the surveys conducted under the Monitoring of Birds of Poland for breeding birds, migrating craines in 2015, wintering bidrds in 2016 and sleepovering geese in 2014-2016.

monitoring_reference:
http://monitoringptakow.gios.gov.pl/publikacje?file=files/pliki/publikacje/Biuletyn15_2016_ost.pdf
Chodkiewicz T., Meissner W., Chylarecki P., Neubauer G., Sikora A., Pietrasz K., Cenian Z., Betleja J., Kajtoch L., Lenkiewicz W., Lawicki L., Rohde Z., Rubacha S., Smyk B., Wieloch M., Wylegala P., Zielinska M., Zielinski P. 2016. Monitoring Ptaków Polski w latach 2015–2016. Biuletyn Monitoringu Przyrody 15: 1–86.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of Birds of Poland 2013-2015 Nature monitoring bulletin No 13: 1-92 
Summary of the surveys conducted under the Monitoring of Birds of Poland for breeding birds in 2014, migrating and wintering birds in 2013-2015.

monitoring_reference:
http://monitoringptakow.gios.gov.pl/publikacje?file=files/pliki/publikacje/Biuletyn13_2015_online.pdf
Neubauer G., Meissner W., Chylarecki P., Chodkiewicz T., Sikora A., Pietrasz K., Cenian Z., Betleja J., Gaszewski K., Kajtoch L., Lenkiewicz W., Lawicki L., Rohde Z., Rubacha S., Smyk B., Wieloch M., Wylegala P., Zielinska M., Zielinski P. 2015. Monitoring Ptaków Polski w latach 2013–2015. Biuletyn Monitoringu Przyrody 13: 1–92.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of Birds of Poland 2012-2013 Nature monitoring bulletin No 11: 1-72
Summary of the surveys conducted under the Monitoring of Birds of Poland for breeding birds in 2012-2013 and for migrating and wintering craines and geese in 2012-2013.

monitoring_reference:
http://monitoringptakow.gios.gov.pl/publikacje?file=files/pliki/publikacje/Biuletyn11_2013.pdf
Chodkiewicz T., , Neubauer G., Chylarecki P., Sikora A., Cenian Z., Ostasiewicz M., Wylegala P., Lawicki L., Smyk B., Betleja J., Gaszewski K., Górski A., Grygoruk G., Kajtoch L., Kata K., Krogulec J., Lenkiewicz W., Marczakiewicz P., Nowak D., Pietrasz K., Rohde Z., Rubacha S., Stachyra P., Swietochowski P., Tumiel T., Urban M., Wieloch M., Wozniak B., Zielinska M., Zielinski P. 2013. Monitoring populacji ptaków Polski w latach 2012–2013. Biuletyn Monitoringu Przyrody 11: 1–72.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of selected qualifying bird species at Natura 2000 sites for birds (SPA): surveys of breeding birds in 2012–2013. Covering the following species (16): Aythya nyroca, Alectoris graeca, Aquila pomarina, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Ciconia ciconia, Crex crex, Dendrocopos medius, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius minor, Lullula arborea, Otus scops, Picoides tridactylus, Porzana porzana, Strix uralensis, Sylvia nisoria.
graeca, Aquila pomarina, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus
europaeus, Ciconia ciconia, Crex crex, Dendrocopos
medius, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius minor, Lullula
arborea, Otus scops, Picoides tridactylus, Porzana
porzana, Strix uralensis, Sylvia nisoria.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of selected qualifying bird species at Natura 2000 sites for birds (SPA): surveys of breeding birds in 2014. Covering the following species (18): Alcedo atthis, Alectoris graeca, Aythya nyroca, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Ciconia ciconia, Coracias garrulous, Crex crex, Dendrocopos medius, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius minor, Lullula arborea, Otus scops, Picoides tridactylus, Porzana porzana, Porzana parva, Strix uralensis, Sylvia nisoria.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of selected qualifying bird species at Natura 2000 sites for birds (SPA): surveys of breeding birds in 2015. Covering the following species (18): Alectoris graeca, Aythya nyroca, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Ciconia ciconia, Coracias garrulous, Crex crex, Dendrocopos medius, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius minor, Lullula arborea, Numenius arquata, Otus scops, Picoides tridactylus, Porzana porzana, Porzana parva, Strix uralensis, Sylvia nisoria.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of selected qualifying bird species at Natura 2000 sites for birds (SPA) in 2016. Covering the following species (17): Alcedo atthis, Alectoris graeca, Aythya nyroca, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Ciconia ciconia, Coracias garrulous, Crex crex, Dendrocopos medius, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius minor, Lullula arborea, Numenius arquata, Otus scops, Picoides tridactylus, Porzana porzana, Sylvia nisoria.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of selected qualifying bird species at Natura 2000 sites for birds (SPA) in 2017. Covering the following species (16): Alectoris graeca, Aythya nyroca, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Ciconia ciconia, Coracias garrulous, Crex crex, Dendrocopos medius, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius minor, Lullula arborea, Numenius arquata, Otus scops, Picoides tridactylus, Porzana porzana, Sylvia nisoria.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of selected qualifying bird species at Natura 2000 sites for birds (SPA) in 2018, and synthesis of the monitoring in the 2016–2018. Covering the following species (19): Alcedo atthis, Alectoris graeca, Aythya nyroca, Bubo bubo, Caprimulgus europaeus, Ciconia ciconia, Coracias garrulous, Crex crex, Dendrocopos medius, Emberiza hortulana, Lanius minor, Lullula arborea, Numenius arquata, Otus scops, Picoides tridactylus, Porzana parva, Porzana porzana, Sterna hirundo, Sylvia nisoria.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of common bird species for the determination of Slovenian farmland bird index – a report for 2013. Covering the following species: 151 common bird species, including 29 indicator farmland breeding birds.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of common bird species for the determination of Slovenian farmland bird index – a report for 2014. Covering the following species: 132 common bird species, including 29 indicator farmland breeding birds.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of common bird species for the determination of Slovenian farmland bird index – a report for 2015. Covering the following species: 138 common bird species, including 29 indicator farmland breeding birds.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of common bird species for the determination of Slovenian farmland bird index – a partial report for 2016. Covering the following species: 146 common bird species, including 29 indicator farmland breeding birds.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of common bird species for the determination of Slovenian farmland bird index – a partial report for 2017. Covering the following species: 155 common bird species, including 29 indicator farmland breeding birds.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of common bird species for the determination of Slovenian farmland bird index – a final report for 2018. Covering the following species: 161 common bird species, including 29 indicator farmland breeding birds.


monitoring_title:
Results of the January 2013 waterbird census (IWC) in Slovenia. Covering the following species: 68 species of waterbirds (48,963 individuals in total).

monitoring_reference:
Božic L. (2013): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2013 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 34 (156/157): 93–103.


monitoring_title:
Results of the January 2014 waterbird census (IWC) in Slovenia. Covering the following species: 62 species of waterbirds (45,346 individuals in total).

monitoring_reference:
Božic L. (2014): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2014 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 35 (160/161): 73–83.


monitoring_title:
Results of the January 2015 waterbird census (IWC) in Slovenia. Covering the following species: 57 species of waterbirds (46,425 individuals in total).

monitoring_reference:
Božic L. (2015): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2015 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 36 (164/165): 57–67.


monitoring_title:
Results of the January 2016 waterbird census (IWC) in Slovenia. Covering the following species: 55 species of waterbirds (52,713 individuals in total).

monitoring_reference:
Božic L. (2016): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2016 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 37 (170/171): 209–219.


monitoring_title:
Results of the January 2017 waterbird census (IWC) in Slovenia. Covering the following species: 61 species of waterbirds (51,790 individuals in total).

monitoring_reference:
Božic L. (2017): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2017 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 38 (174/175): 203–215.


monitoring_title:
Results of the January 2018 waterbird census (IWC) in Slovenia. Covering the following species: 58 species of waterbirds (45,318 individuals in total).

monitoring_reference:
Božic L. (2018): Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2018 v Sloveniji. – Acrocephalus 39 (178/179): 185–195.


monitoring_title:
Metodika systematického dlhodobého monitoringu výberových druhov vtákov v chránených vtácích územiach


monitoring_title:
Aktuálny stav výberových druhov vtákov v Chránených vtácích územiach na Slovensku


monitoring_reference:
http://www.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/science/sotukb/ for reports from 2013-2017.

Hayhow, D.B., Ausden, M.A., Bradbury, R.B., Burnell, D., Copeland, A.I., Crick, H.Q.P., Eaton, M.A., Frost, T., Grice, P.V., Hall, C., Harris, S.J., Morecroft, M.D., Noble, D.G., Pearce-Higgins, J.W., Watts, O. & Williams, J.M.  2017.  The state of the UK’s birds 2017.  The RSPB, BTO, WWT, DAERA, JNCC, NE and NRW, Sandy, Bedfordshire.


monitoring_title:
Waterbirds in the UK – annual report of the national Wetland Bird Survey

monitoring_reference:
See http://www.bto.org/volunteer-surveys/webs/publications/annual-reports  

Frost, T.M., Austin, G.E., Calbrade, N.A., Mellan, H.J., Hearn, R.D., Stroud, D.A., Wotton, S.R. & Balmer, D.E.  2018.  Waterbirds in the UK 2016/17: The Wetland Bird Survey.  BTO, RSPB and JNCC, in association with WWT.  British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford.  40 pp.


monitoring_title:
Seabird Population Trends and Causes of Change: 1986-2015 - results of Seabird Monitoring Programme

monitoring_reference:
JNCC  2016.  Seabird Population Trends and Causes of Change: 1986-2015 Report (http://www.jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-3201).  Joint Nature Conservation Committee.  Updated September 2016.


monitoring_title:
Annual report of the national Breeding Bird Survey

monitoring_reference:
See http://www.bto.org/volunteer-surveys/bbs/bbs-publications/bbs-reports for annual reports from 2007- 2017.

Harris, S.J., Massimino, D., Gillings, S., Eaton, M.A., Noble, D.G., Balmer, D.E., Procter, D., Pearce-Higgins, J.W. & Woodcock, P.  2018.  The Breeding Bird Survey 2017.  BTO Research Report 706. British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford.


monitoring_title:
Annual report of the national Rare Breeding Birds Panel

monitoring_reference:
See http://www.rbbp.org.uk/rbbp-reports-03-latest.htm 

Holling, M. & the Rare Breeding Birds Panel 2018. Rare breeding birds in the United Kingdom in 2016.  British Birds 111: 644-694.


monitoring_reference:
See www.bto.org/birdtrends 

Massimino, D., Woodward, I.D., Hammond, M.J., Harris, S.J., Leech, D.I., Noble, D.G., Walker, R.H., Barimore, C., Dadam, D., Eglington, S.M., Marchant, J.H., Sullivan, M.J.P., Baillie, S.R. & Robinson, R.A.  2017.  BirdTrends 2017: trends in numbers, breeding success and survival for UK breeding birds.  Research Report 704. BTO, Thetford.


monitoring_title:
Haraszthy L. (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár, 956 p.
Kiválasztott 45 magyarországi Natura 2000 jelölofaj védelmi kategóriája, leírása, ökológiája, elterjedése, állománynagysága és természetvédelmi kezelése.


monitoring_title:
Haraszthy L. (2019): Magyarország fészkelo madarainak költésbiológiája 1. és 2. kötet. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár.
240 magyarországi fészkelo madárfaj költésbiológiája, fészek- és tojástípusok rendszerezo leírása.


monitoring_title:
Magyar Vízivad Közlemények. Hungarian Waterfowl Publications. No. 23. with the results of the annual national waterfowl monitoring.


monitoring_title:
Magyar Vízivad Közlemények. Hungarian Waterfowl Publications. No. 24. with the results of the annual national waterfowl monitoring.


monitoring_title:
Magyar Vízivad Közlemények. Hungarian Waterfowl Publications. No. 25. and 26. with the results of the annual national waterfowl monitoring.


monitoring_title:
Magyar Vízivad Közlemények. Hungarian Waterfowl Publications. No. 27. and 28. with the results of the annual national waterfowl monitoring.


monitoring_title:
Magyar Vízivad Közlemények. Hungarian Waterfowl Publications. No. 29. and 30. with the results of the annual national waterfowl monitoring.


monitoring_title:
Bestandsentwicklungen häufiger österreichischer Brutvögel im Zeitraum 1998-2016 – Ergebnisse des Brutvogel-Monitoring


monitoring_title:
Watervogels in Vlaanderen tijdens de winter 2015-2016. With a first large-scale census in 1967 the waterbird counts is one of the longest-running monitoring projects in Flanders. The project in its current form - with six monthly counts in the period October to March - exists since 1979/80. With a first large-scale census in 1967 the waterbird counts is one of the longest-running monitoring projects in Flanders. The project in its current form - with six monthly counts in the period October to March - exists since 1979/80. With a first large-scale census in 1967 the waterbird counts is one of the longest-running monitoring projects in Flanders. The project in its current form - with six monthly counts in the period October to March - exists since 1979/80. This paper report on the results of the waterbird monitoring performed during the winter of 2015-2016


monitoring_title:
Watervogels in Vlaanderen tijdens de winter 2016-2017. With a first large-scale census in 1967 the waterbird counts is one of the longest-running monitoring projects in Flanders. The project in its current form - with six monthly counts in the period October to March - exists since 1979/80. This paper report on the results of the waterbird monitoring performed during the winter of 2016-2017


monitoring_title:
Algemene broedvogels Vlaanderen. Summary review of the monitoring results of breeding birds in Flanders.


monitoring_title:
Algemene Broedvogels Vlaanderen (ABV): nieuwe cijfers en trends. Summary review of the monitoring results of breeding birds in Flanders.


monitoring_title:
Project Bijzondere Broedvogels Vlaanderen (BBV) Nieuwe cijfers + vooruitblik op de toekomst. Summary review of the monitoring results of breeding birds in Flanders.


monitoring_title:
The worrying trends in breeding bird populations of in Wallonia : 28 years of common bird monitoring
Every year since 1990 the population trends of the most common breeding birds in Wallonia (81 species) have been estimated using a standardized sampling procedure. Several dozens of volunteers make one or more sets of 15 fixed spots where birds are counted for 5 minutes. Each year, the observers repeat the observation following the same methodology. From these data, an annual abundance index has been calculated for each species and population trends are estimated. Over the last 28 years, most common species are declining in Wallonia. Only 26 % of them have shown an increase in numbers. On average across all species, bird populations have declined at a rate of 1 % per year for the last 28 years. In the last 10 years the average rate of decline has accelerated. The rate of decline is greatest in farmland birds, especially in the ground-nesting species. The rate of decline has been greater in migratory species which cross the Sahara than in non-migratory species, and then in those species which migrate only a short distance. The factors mainly responsible for decline in bird populations in the countryside would seem to be changes in agricultural practices, together with the general intensification of agriculture, though other factors are also to be considered (evolution of the forest, high population density of ungulates and climate change).


monitoring_title:
The Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus, a nesting species that is disappearing from Belgium. Analysis of population trends for the period 2008-2017
In Belgium the Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus has always been thought to be a rare and localized nesting species that is found only in Wallonia. The present article presents an analysis of recent changes in the populations of this species that have occurred since the surveys conducted between 2001 and 2007 for the Atlas of Nesting Birds of Wallonia. Analysis of the available data shows that over the period 2008-2017 there has been a marked decrease in numbers and a contraction of the area occupied. These results are placed in the wider European context with a particular emphasis on trends in neighbouring areas. Various hypotheses are advanced to explain the decrease observed in Wallonia; in particular the role played by the climate; the competition with the Green Woodpecker Picus viridis; the limited availability of suitable habitats and also disturbance by mankind.


monitoring_title:
Natura 2000 species in Wallonia: what has happened for breeding bird populations since the designation of sites?
In Wallonia, the Natura 2000 Network comprises 240 sites and a total of 220 000 ha, covering a wide range of natural environments. The aim of the Network is to provide special protection for heritage habitats and species, known as "Natura 2000", which include in particular 43 species of breeding birds, designated under the "Birds" Directive 2009/147/EC. At the time when the site boundaries were first decided in 2002, an estimate was made of the populations of the Natura 2000 bird species at each site. In 2015, these estimates were updated using a wide range of data sources, ranging from specific surveys to websites that collect observation records. The present article gives an analysis of this new set of estimates. Since 2002, eight new Natura 2000 breeding bird species have been recorded in the Network in Wallonia, and two have been lost. In general, the populations of the main Natura 2000 species are well covered by the Walloon Network; only nine species show less than 50 % of their breeding pairs inside the Network. Across the Natura 2000 Network in Wallonia, few population trends diverge from the trends described for the same species in the neighbouring countries. Among those diverging situations, most worrying is the relatively poor condition of populations of species that are associated with reedbeds (i.e. Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris, Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus). On the other hand, current situation is positive for several rare species associated with open areas – especially moors and peat bogs – in the Ardennes. Here, there are both new populations of some species (Eurasian Teal Anas crecca, Wryneck Jynx torquilla) and stable populations of other species whose populations in neighbouring parts are on the point of collapse (Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor, Whinchat Saxicola rubetra). It is therefore essential that the substantial efforts of habitat restoration in the Ardennes should continue.


monitoring_title:
Breeding birds in Wallonia in 2015 
The annual report for 2015 is dedicated to the nesting in Wallonia of some sixty uncommon species. The Great White Egret Casmerodius albus, the Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus and the Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum are now confirmed as Wallonian nesting birds. Some other species, such as the Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia seem to be almost established (attempt failed), but have suffered some breeding problems. Attention is drawn to the continuation or improvement of the nesting status of some remarkable species – such as the Eurasian Teal Anas crecca and the Red kite Milvus milvus and the Black kite M. migrans. But for most of the species, negative changes predominate; nearing critical levels in, amongst others, the Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix and the Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia.


monitoring_title:
Breeding birds in Wallonia in 2013 and 2014 
A seasonal report is from now dedicated to observations of less common species breeding in Wallonia. This report presents the breeding period of 2013 and 2014 for about seventy species. The regional avifauna has been enriched by a new breeding species: the Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus.The Great White Egret Casmerodius albus and the Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum are confirmed as Wallonian species.Other species that seem likely to establish include the Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia and Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus. Attention is also drawn to the persistence and/or increase of certain other species. These include, for instance, the Eurasian Teal Anas crecca (which is supported by the restoration work by LIFE in the Hautes-Fagnes), the six species of ardeidae nesting at Harchies, the Black Kite Milvus migrans and the Red Kite Milvus milvus, the Wryneck Jynx torquilla, the Wood Lark Lullula arborea and the Common Raven Corvus corax.Unfortunately, negative trends prevail. Species whose numbers have sunk to critical levels include Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix, Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia, Corn Crake Crex crex (none of which been seen in 2014) and the Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus. Others are clearly endangered species (for example, Common Gull Larus canus and Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor).There was no recent breeding evidence of such emblematic species as the Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris, Spotted Crake Porzana porzana, Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago, or Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus.


monitoring_title:
Results of the winter censuses of waterbirds in Wallonia and Brussels area (Belgium) in 2016-2017 
In 2016-2017, the weather for the censuses of water birds was relatively cold in January but otherwise fairly mild. The low rainfall probably had some effects on the presence of particular species of wet meadows and mudflats, such as Snipe Gallinago gallinago. There were relatively low numbers of many species, including those of birds from nordic countries. The numbers of Pochards Aythya ferina, mergansers, Great Crested Grebes Podiceps cristatus and Snipe are among the lowest recorded in the last few decades. This year, there was again some overwintering – at least partial – of bitterns and of several species of heron recently recorded as breeding species (Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis, Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Little Egret Egretta garzetta).


monitoring_title:
Results of the winter waterbirds censuses in Wallonia and Brussels area (Belgium) in 2015-2016
 
The 2015-2016 census of waterbirds took place in late autumn and during a mild and rainy winter. The numbers of many species were quite low; the weather conditions did not favour an influx of migratory species from Nordic areas and the fact that many open-water habitats remained free of ice allowed those birds already present to disperse rather widely. Those same conditions also allowed numerous over-winterings of several species of ardeidae which have recently been confirmed as nesting species (Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis, Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Little Egret Egretta garzetta and Great White Egret Casmerodius albus).This article presents the results of the waterbirds counts in Wallonia and in the Brussels Capital Region during winter 2015-2016. Further information on the over-wintering is to be found here after in this issue of the Aves journal, in the chronique saisonnière


monitoring_title:
Results of the winter waterbirds censuses in Wallonia and Brussels area (Belgium) in 2012-2013, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 
This article summarizes the results of three winters’ counts of water birds. The results generally confirm the long term trends previously described in the overview of 50 winters’ counts (Jacob et al., 2013). There was a continuing decline in the numbers of the main fish-eaters (Common Merganser Mergus merganser, Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus, Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Grey Heron Ardea cinerea). The different trends in numbers of ducks, geese and swans also continued. In the Anatidae, for the first time, counts of Tufted Ducks Aythya fuligula exceeded those of Common Pochards Aythya ferina.


monitoring_title:
Watervogels in Vlaanderen tijdens de winter 2013-2014. Results on the waterbird monitoring performed during the winter of 2013-2014


monitoring_title:
Watervogels in Vlaanderen tijdens de winter 2014-2015. With a first large-scale census in 1967 the waterbird counts is one of the longest-running monitoring projects in Flanders. The project in its current form - with six monthly counts in the period October to March - exists since 1979/80. This paper report on the results of the waterbird monitoring performed during the winter of 2014-2015


monitoring_title:
The 38-th Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census in the period 17-19.01.2014.
As a result of the census in 2014 a total of 221 133 individuals have been identified, which is 58% less than in 2013 when the number of wintering waterfowl has been 531 087. The most numerous species for 2014 have been: the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos - 51 065 individuals), the Common Coot (Fulica atra – 48 546 individuals), the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina – 31 719 individuals), the Greater White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons – 21 726 individuals) and the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo – 17 466 individuals). Compared to 2013 a decrease of 58% in the number of waterfowl birds has been observed in 2014. The number of observed cormorants has been 42% less than that observed in 2013, the observed representatives of families Podicipedidae and Gaviidae have been 58% less, the herons have been retained their numbers; the  total number of representatives of genera Anas, Aythya and Mergus have been totally 58% less; the representatives of genus Anser have been nearly 80% less and the representatives of family Charadriidae have been 59%  more than in 2013. In 2014 the observed pelicans have been 70% more, swans have been 5% more and gulls (Laridae) have been 52% less than in 2013.


monitoring_title:
The 39-th Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census in the period 16-18.01.2015.
As a result of the Census in 2015 a total of 237 656 individuals have been identified which is 7% more than in 2014 when the number of wintering  waterfowl birds have been 221 133 but with 45% less than in 2013 when this number has been 531 087. The most numerous species for 2015 have been: the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos - 70 125 individuals), the Greater White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons – 46 062 individuals),  the Common Coot (Fulica atra – 45 366 individuals), the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis – 9224 individuals), the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo – 7 588 individuals) and the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina – 6 973 individuals). In the last few years, there has also been noted a shift of the peaks in the numbers of some waterfowl - mainly geese, ducks and pochards. Due to temperature changes during the winter period and within January, the peaks in the numbers of waterfowl are not always during the period of the Mid-winter census, but are recorded immediately before or after it. Nevertheless in some cases the decline in the number is also as a result of the decline in the population of some species.


monitoring_title:
The 40-th Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census  in the period 14-17.01.2016.
As a result of the Census in 2016 a total of 288 128 individuals have been identified which is more than the observed 237 656 individuals in 2015 and the observed 221 133 individuals in 2014. For  the previous five years only in 2013 the count has been higher – 531 087 individuals. The most numerous species for 2016 have been: the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos - 79 079 individuals), the Greater White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons – 43 693 individuals) and the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina – 15 333 individuals). The low-numbered Anseriformes are the Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) - 1 individual, Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) - 1 individual and Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) - 2 individuals.


monitoring_title:
The 41-th Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census in the period 12-16.01.2017.
As a result of the Census in 2017 a total of 670 236 individuals from 8 orders have been identified which is much more than the observed 288 128 individuals in 2016 and the observed 237 656 individuals in 2015. This is the highest number of wintering waterfowl that has been counted in Bulgaria during the Mid-Winter Waterfowl Censuses in the last 20 years. Anseriformes has been the group of wintering birds with the highest numbers and number of species during the winter season - during the 41-th Mid-Winter Census have been recorded 581 338 individuals from 30 species. The most numerous species for 2017 have been: the Greater White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons – 452 494 individuals), the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos - 52 351 individuals) and the Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis – 46 822 individuals). The low-numbered Anseriformes have been the Common Eider (Branta leucopsis) (a vagrant bird for the country with less than 10 observations so far), the Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) and the Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra) with 1 individual each, also Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) and the Garganey (Spatula querquedula) with 2 individuals each. During the 41-th Mid-Winter Waterfowl  Census have been identified and the both species of pelicans that can be met in Bulgaria – Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus) -  871 individuals and the Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) – 1 individual.


monitoring_title:
Index and status assessment of the common birds in Bulgaria in the period 2005-2017. 
The assessment of the status includes a thirteen-year period (2005-2017) and the results are based on real bird observations in 1x1 km sampling plots. The bird species that have been evaluated are divided into three groups according to their habitats: birds of agricultural lands, birds of forests and birds of other habitat types. Of all 76 bird species that have been evaluated in 2017 the populations of 16% have declined, the populations of 25% have increased, the populations of 25% have been stable and those with an undefined trend have been 34%. The data for 50 common bird species (18 species of the agricultural lands, 12 forest species and 20 species of other habitats) have been used for the calculation of the index of common birds. The baseline year is 2005 (100%). The overall trend for the period 2005-2017 is increasing in the numbers by 11%. This is due entirely to the positive trends of the forest species and the birds of the other habitat types. The highly unfavorable tendency of the species inhabiting the agricultural lands (-27%) persists.


monitoring_title:
The 37-th Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census in the period 12-13.01.2013.
The Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census is conducted annually in Bulgaria (incl. during the reporting period) in the middle of January. Over 112 wintering species are covered (all wintering waterfowl species in Bulgaria) and about 206 wetlands in various locations throughout the country (Kostadinova, Dereliev, 2001).
As a result of the census in 2013 a total of 530 588 individuals have been identified, which is 20% less than in 1997 when the number of wintering birds has been 664 133. The most numerous species for 2013 have been: the Greater White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons - 323 840 individuals), the Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis - 54 523 individuals), the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos - 50 799 individuals) and the Common Coot (Fulica atra - 30 058 individuals). In 2013 the number of the observed cormorants has been 9% less than that observed in 2012, the representatives of families Podicipedidae and Gaviidae  have been 26% less, the representatives of family Ardeidae have been 11% less; the total number of representatives of genera Anas, Aythya and Mergus have been 11% less; the representatives of genus Anser have been nearly 80% more and the representatives of family Charadriidae 59% less than in 2012. In 2013 the observed pelicans have been 47% more, swans have been 62% more and gulls (Laridae) have been 26% more than in 2012.


monitoring_title:
Proceedings of the Griffon Vulture Conference 6-8 March 2013. The Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus in Cyprus and the GYPAS Project, first efforts to save the Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) in Cyprus, recommended practice in census and monitoring techniques, the example of  Griffon Vultures reintroductions in France, conservation, mortality factor and survival of the Griffon vultures in Israel & the Middle East, vulture conservation in Bulgaria, Crete, as well as vulture Action Plans in Europe, the main threats to vultures in Europe today, legal measures to protect vultures in Europe, including EU regulations for vulture feeding stations.

monitoring_reference:
Proceedings of the Griffon Vulture Conference 6-8 March 2013, Birdlife BirdLife Cyprus, Cyprus.


monitoring_title:
Important Bird Areas of Cyprus. Includes population estimations for all species considered important for the IBAs of Cyprus.

monitoring_reference:
Hellcar, M.A., V. Anastasi, D. Beton & R. Snape. BirdLife Cyprus, Nicosia.


monitoring_title:
2013 Annual Bird Report. The report includes the birdwatching checklist, sightings of rare species, articles on the first record of (Asian) Buff-bellied Pipit Anthus rubescens japonicus in Cyprus, the occurrence of the Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis, an overview of BirdLife Cyprus Monitoring Programmes for 2013, the BirdLife Cyprus Ringing Scheme Annual Ringing Report for 2013, as well as the recoveries of Ringed Birds in Cyprus up to 2013

monitoring_reference:
Stylianou, J., S. Christodoulides, J. Neal, C. Richardson & C. Stavrou (eds). BirdLife Cyprus, Nicosia.


monitoring_title:
Final Progress Report of the Project for the establishment of a Common Birds Index (CBI) and a Farmland Birds Index (FBI) for Cyprus, 2012-2014. The report was put together, for the establishment of a volunteer- based field recording scheme (Common Bird Monitoring Scheme – CBMS) that has provided the data for the population trend analysis needed to generate the Common Birds Index (CBI) and Farmland Birds Index (FBI) for Cyprus


monitoring_title:
Winter bird surveys in Cyprus, 2007–2016. Analysis of the population trends. Surveys were conducted on an annual basis, January to February, along fifty-five road transects, covering a total length of 488.8 km. The publication includes analysis of population trends for twenty selected species

monitoring_reference:
Kassinis, N. & C. Mammides. Bird Census News 29(1-2): 37-45.


monitoring_title:
2014 Annual Bird Report. The report includes the birdwatching checklist, sightings of rare species, articles on the first record of Striated Heron Butorides striata brevipes , two breeding records of Eurasian Hobby in Paphos, the status of the Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis In Cyprus, the Common Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus collybita at Ezousas (Acheleia) Soakaways, visitors at Inland Sites in Western Cyprus, an overview of BirdLife Cyprus Monitoring Programmes for 2014, as well as the BirdLife Cyprus Ringing Scheme Annual Ringing Report for 2014

monitoring_reference:
Stylianou, J., S. Christodoulides, J. Neal, C. Papazogolou & C. Stavrou (eds). BirdLife Cyprus, Nicosia


monitoring_title:
Preparation of Conservation Targets & Management Plans for the Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in Cyprus. The project’s main actions included: the elaboration of the Favourable Reference Values (FRVs) and the Target Values for the SPA trigger species, risk analysis of the threats, the establishment of general and Special Conservation Objectives for each site, the conducting of public awareness as well as consultations for all SPAs, and finally the elaboration of 30 Management Plans  for all 30 SPAs in Cyprus


monitoring_title:
2015 Annual Bird Report. The report includes the birdwatching checklist, sightings of rare species, articles on the first record of Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor for Cyprus, using geolocators on Cyprus Wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca, the diet of Red-footed Falcons Falco vespertinus at Anarita Park, the autumn bird numbers in Western Cyprus, an overview of BirdLife Cyprus Monitoring Programmes for 2015, as well as the BirdLife Cyprus Ringing Scheme Annual Ringing Report for 2015


monitoring_title:
Survival and dispersal of the Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca, an endemic migrant

monitoring_reference:
Xenophontos, M. & W. Cresswell.  Journal of Ornithology 157: 707-719


monitoring_title:
Ten years of the BirdLife Cyprus Common Birds Monitoring Scheme (CBMS), 2006-2015: Population trends and population size estimates for Cyprus common breeding birds. The CBMS monitors three indexes: the Common Birds Index, with 40-common species for Cyprus, the Farmland Birds Index, a sub-set of 25 bird species that are largely dependent on farmland in Cyprus, and the Forest Birds Index, a sub-set of 17 bird species that are largely dependent on pine forests


monitoring_title:
Tracking Cyprus Wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca with geolocators. In 2014, 12 male Cyprus Wheatears were fitted with geolocators at breeding sites in Cyprus to investigate migration routes and wintering locations. Only one of these birds was re- trapped in the next breeding season, although in total 3 were observed the following year

monitoring_reference:
Papazoglou, C., A. Crabtree, P. Panayides, F. Ioulianou & G. Conway. Sandgrouse 39: 130-137


monitoring_title:
Cyprus Wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca likely reach sub-Saharan African wintering grounds in a single migratory flight

monitoring_reference:
Xenophontos, M., E. Blackburn & W. Cresswell. Journal of Avian Biology 48: 529-535


monitoring_title:
Game Bag Statistics 2017-2018. The survey is based on phone questionnaire data for the estimation of bag size for every main game species in Cyprus, as well as the typical hunter’s behaviour (i.e. average bag size and excursion number per hunter etc.). The 2017-2018 Report contains data from previous years, therefore it covers data for years 2013-2018

monitoring_reference:
Game & Fauna Service, Ministry of Interior, Nicosia


monitoring_title:
2016 Annual Bird Report. The report includes the birdwatching checklist, sightings of rare species, first records of Brown-necked Raven, articles on Rustic Bunting and Oriental Turtle Dove for Cyprus, status of Audouin’s Gull Larus audouinii Colony , an overview of the BirdLife Cyprus Monitoring Programmes for 2016 , notes on the breeding biology of the European Roller Coracias garrulus in Western Cyprus, the patterns of Incidence of Troodos Song Birds at Rainwater Source, as well as  the BirdLife Cyprus Ringing Scheme Annual Ringing Report for 2016

monitoring_reference:
Stylianou, J., S. Christodoulides, J. Neal & C. Stavrou (eds). BirdLife Cyprus, Nicosia


monitoring_title:
Final Progress Report of the Project for the establishment of a Common Birds Index (CBI) and a Farmland Birds Index (FBI) for Cyprus, 2006-2017

monitoring_reference:
Ieronymidou, Ch., BirdLife Cyprus, Nicosia


monitoring_title:
Ongoing Monitoring of Audouin's Gull in Cyprus. Each year during the breeding season the Kleides islets are monitored by boat, to count the number of adults and nests of Audouin’s Gulls, Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahelis, and Mediterranean Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii. This programme contributes data to an international Action Plan for Audouin’s Gull


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of the Birds Directive Annex I species and SPAs during the years 2008–2010 in the Czech Republic

monitoring_reference:
Hora J., Cihák K., Kucera Z., eds. (2015): Monitoring druhu prílohy I smernice o ptácích a ptacích oblastí v letech  2008–2010. Príroda 33, Agentura ochrany prírody a krajiny CR. 492 pp. ISBN 978-80-88076-18-6
www.ochranaprirody.cz/res/archive/370/057173.pdf?seek=1507124383


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of the Birds Directive Annex I species and SPAs during the years 2011–2013 in the Czech Republic

monitoring_reference:
Hora J., Kucera Z., Nemec M., Vojtechovská E., eds. (2018): Monitoring druhu prílohy I smernice o ptácích a ptacích oblastí v letech  2011–2013. Príroda 38, Agentura ochrany prírody a krajiny CR. 465 pp. ISBN 978-80-88076-84-1


monitoring_title:
Vogelmonitoring in Deutschland:
Darstellung von Geschichte, Grundlagen, Anlass und Zielen des Monitorings, Vorstellung der wichtigsten Monitoringprogramme: Monitoring häufiger Brutvögel, Monitoring seltener Brutvögel, Monitoring rastender Wasservögel, Monitoring von Vögeln in Schutzgebieten, Organisation des Monitorings, insbesonder Bedeutung ehrenamtlicher Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter, Informationen zum Brutvogelatlas und zu ornitho.de

monitoring_reference:
Sudfeldt, C., Dröschmeister, R., Wahl, J., Berlin, K., Gottschall, T., Grüneberg, C., Mitschke, A. & Trautmann, S. (2012): Vogelmonitoring in Deutschland: Programme und Anwendungen. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 119, Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn: 255 S.


monitoring_title:
Vögel in Deutschland - Erfassung rastender Wasservögel: Überblick über die Monitoringprogramme zu Zug- und Rastvögeln in Deutschland inkl. ornitho.de, Indikator 'Artenvielfalt und Landschaftsqualität'

monitoring_reference:
Wahl, J., R. Dröschmeister, C. König, T. Langgemach & C. Sudfeldt (2017): Vögel in Deutschland - Erfassung rastender Wasservögel. DDA, BfN, LAG VSW, Münster.


monitoring_title:
Overvågning af de almindelige fuglearter i Danmark 1975-2017


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la Conservación de la pardela balear (Puffinus mauretanicus)


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la conservación del águila imperial ibérica (Aquila adalberti) en España y Portugal


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la conservación de la cerceta pardilla (Marmaronetta angustirostris)


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la conservación de la focha moruna (Fulica cristata)


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la conservación de la malvasía cabeciblanca (Oxyura leucocephala)


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la conservación del quebrantahuesos (Gypaetus barbatus)


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la conservación del urogallo cantábrico (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus)


monitoring_title:
Estrategia para la conservación del urogallo pirenaico (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus)


monitoring_title:
Población invernante y reproductora en 2014 y método de censo


monitoring_title:
El buitre negro en España. Población reproductora en 2017 y método de censo.


monitoring_title:
El sisón común en España. II Censo Nacional (2016)


monitoring_title:
La cigüeña negra en España. Población reproductora en 2017 y método de censo.


monitoring_title:
El escribano palustre en España y Portugal. Población reproductora en 2015 y método de censo.


monitoring_title:
El cormorán grande en España. Población reproductora e invernante en 2012-2013 y método de censo.


monitoring_title:
Programas de seguimiento y grupos de trabajo de SEO/BirdLife 2018. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.


monitoring_title:
Pesimälintujen linja- ja pistelaskenta, vesilintulaskenta, saaristolintulaskenta


monitoring_title:
Progetto MITO2000. La finalità primaria del Progetto MITO2000 è l’ottenimento di indici di popolazione nell’ambito di progetti di portata nazionale per singole specie o aggregati di specie comuni nidificanti, allo scopo di monitorare gli andamenti nel tempo delle popolazioni ornitiche in Italia nell’ambito del programma Pan European Common Bird Monitoring promosso dallo European Bird Census Council.


monitoring_title:
Rete Rurale Nazionale & LIPU (2015). Uccelli comuni in Italia. Aggiornamento degli andamenti di popolazione e del Farmland Bird Index per la Rete Rurale Nazionale dal 2000 al 2014. LIPU, 16 pp


monitoring_title:
Censimenti nazionali degli uccelli acquatici svernanti nell’ambito del progetto IWC (International Waterbird Census)

monitoring_reference:
Zenatello M., Baccetti N., Borghesi F., 2014. Risultati dei censimenti degli uccelli acquatici svernanti in Italia. Distribuzione, stima e trend delle popolazioni nel 2001-2010. ISPRA, Serie Rapporti, 206/2014. http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/rapporti/R_206_14_Uccelli_acquatici_svernanti_def.pdf


monitoring_title:
Progetto MonitRing – Monitoraggio annuale dell’abbondanza e dei movimenti dei Passeriformi applicando procedure standard in un set di stazioni di inanellamento.


monitoring_title:
Progetto Alpi: Monitoraggio dei movimenti postriproduttivi e dell’abbondanza dei Passeriformi attraverso le Alpi Italiane applicando procedure standard in un set di stazioni di inanellamento.


monitoring_title:
"Europos Bendrijos svarbos paukšciu rušiu monitoringo metodikos". This publication presents monitoring methods for breeding bird species and stocks of migratory bird species of European Community interest.

monitoring_reference:
Raudonikis, L., Riauba, G., Brazaitis, G., Cerkauskas, A., Dagys, M., Morkunas, J., Pakštyte, E., Pranaitis, A., Preikša, Ž., Skuja, S., Stanevicius, V., Vaitkuviene, D., 2016. Europos Bendrijos svarbos paukšciu rušiu monitoringo metodikos. Vilnius, Aplinkos apsaugos agentura, Valstybine saugomu teritoriju tarnyba prie Aplinkos ministerijos, Lietuvos ornitologu draugija. https://gamtosknyga.lt/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/METODIKOS_PAST_2016_Spaudai.pdf?x13947


monitoring_title:
Europos bendrijos svarbos paukšciu rušiu, kuriu apsaugai butina steigti teritorijas, bukles ivertinimas


monitoring_title:
Regulus - Wissenschaftliche Berichte - ISSN 1727-088X


monitoring_title:
Countrywide monitoring of the common birds. Each year, non-specific census of breeding birds (all breeding species are recorded) are carried out on approximately 50 plots. Population trends data for 106 most common breeding bird species in Latvia are obtained.

monitoring_reference:
Aunins A., Mardega I. 2018. [Countrywide monitoring of the common birds. Final report for the year 2018.] (in Latvian) Latvian Ornithological society: https://www.daba.gov.lv/upload/File/DOC_MON/MON_ATSK_18_Dienas_putnu_fona.pdf


monitoring_title:
Countrywide monitoring of the night active birds in farmland. The main target species of this monitoring is Concrace (Crex crex), but data are collected for 10 other bird species active at night. The monitoring is carried out on approximately 40 plots throughout Latvia.

monitoring_reference:
Keišs O. 2018. [Countrywide monitoring of the night active birds in farmland. Final report for the year 2018.] (in Latvian) Latvian Ornithological society: https://www.daba.gov.lv/upload/File/DOC_MON/MON_ATSK_18_naktsputni_lauksaimn_zemes_uzskaite.pdf


monitoring_title:
Background monitoring scheme for Birds of Prey and Owls. This monitoring collects data on the 18 species of Birds of Prey and 9 owl species. Monitoring is carried out on approximately 20 plots.

monitoring_reference:
Avotins jun., A., Reihmanis, J. 2018. [Background monitoring scheme for Birds of Prey and Owls in Latvia. Final report for the year 2018.] (in Latvian) Latvian Ornithological society: https://www.daba.gov.lv/upload/File/DOC_MON/MON_ATSK_18_Plesigo_putnu_fona.pdf


monitoring_title:
Counts of wintering waterfowl at the seacoast and in the inland water bodies. These counts are carried out annually within the framework of Wetlands International Waterbird Census.

monitoring_reference:
Stipniece A. 2018. [Wintering waterfowl counts in the inland water bodies. Final report for the year 2018.] (in Latvian). Latvian Ornithological society: https://www.daba.gov.lv/upload/File/DOC_MON/MON_ATSK_18_ziemojoso_udensputnu_uzskaite.pdf


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of the Lesser White-fronted Goose in Romania

monitoring_reference:
Todorov, E. 2017: Monitoring of the Lesser White-fronted Goose in Romania in 2012-2016. Pp. 149-153 in Vougioukalou, M., Kazantzidis, S. & Aarvak, T. (Eds.) Safeguarding the Lesser White-fronted Goose Fennoscandian population at key staging and wintering sites. Special publication. LIFE+10 NAT/GR/000638 Project. HOS/BirdLife Greece, HAOD/Forest Research Institute, NOF/BirdLife Norway report no. 2017-2.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of wintering Red Breasted Goose in Romania

monitoring_reference:
Iliev, M., Todorov, E., Rusev, I., Petkov, N. Monitoring of wintering geese along the Western Black Sea coast 2017-2018. Technical Report within the framework of the project LIFE16/NAT/BG/000847 – “Conservation of the Red-breasted Goose along the Global Flyway”.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of Dalmatian and Great White Pelicans in Romania

monitoring_reference:
Catsadorakis, G., O. Onmus, S. Bugariu, O. Gül, D. Hatzilacou, O. Hatzofe, M. Malakou, T. Michev, T. Naziridis, H. Nikolaou, A. Rudenko, D. Saveljic, S. Shumka, M. Siki & A.J. Crivelli (2015). Current status of the Dalmatian Pelican and the Great White Pelican of the Black Sea / Mediterranean flyway. Endangered Species Research 27: 119-130.


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of the Saker Falcon in Western Romania

monitoring_reference:
Hegyeli Zs., Bagyura J., Barbos L.,Daróczi J. Sz., Fülöp A., Marton A., Prommer M., Zeitz R., Nagy A. (2019). A kerecsensólyom (Falco cherrug) helyzete Románia nyugati részén, Heliaca, Vol 15., p: 22-31


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of the Red-footed Falcon in Western Romania and Transylvania

monitoring_reference:
Nagy A. Conservation of the Red-Footed Falcon in Western Romania, In Palatitz P., Solt Sz., Fehérvári P. (Eds.), 2018. The Blue Vesper. Ecology and Conservation of the Red-footed Falcon, Budapest, MME.

Hegyeli Zs., Daróczi J. Sz., Conservation of the Red-Footed Falcon in the Transylvanian Basin, In Palatitz P., Solt Sz., Fehérvári P. (Eds.), 2018. The Blue Vesper. Ecology and Conservation of the Red-footed Falcon, Budapest, MME.


# data_bgpublication

monitoring_title:
De Europese Vogelrichtlijn en haar toepassing in Vlaanderen. The ornithological importance of the different Birds Directive areas in Flanders are being discussed in detail.


monitoring_title:
De 3 BV’s: Algemene, Bijzondere en Schaarse Broedvogels: een stand van zaken. Information on general and scarce breeding birds in Flanders using predefined monitoring schemes


monitoring_title:
Trends van Vlaamse akkervogelpopulaties in Europese context. Information on the trends of farmland species.


monitoring_title:
Opmerkelijke aantallen pleisterende Grutto’s in Vlaanderen tijdens de voorjaarstrek van 2013. Overview of the exceptional number of  Limosa limosa reported from Flanders


monitoring_title:
Uitzonderlijk hoog aantal broedende Velduilen in de westelijke Vlaamse Kustpolders in 2014. Report on the number of Asio flammeus in Flanders


monitoring_title:
Long-term Changes in Autumn Migration of Selected Soaring Bird Species at Burgas Bay, Bulgaria
The paper presents data of the autumn migration along the Western Black Sea migration route (Via Pon¬tica) collected since 1979 with special attention to the changes of migration numbers and peak days of the ten most numerous soaring bird species. It is found long-term increase in the migration numbers of Pelecanus onocrotalus, Ciconia ciconia, Ciconia nigra, Circaetus gallicus, Circus aeruginosus, Accipiter brevipes, Clanga pomarina, Aquila pennata and Falco vespertinus. All collected data confirm that the Burgas Bay is the place with the highest and increasing autumn migration numbers of the great white peli¬can and the red-footed falcon in Europe. Four new terms (flyshed, sandglass site, migration period and peak’s migration period) have been introduced and has been proposed a classification of the sandglass sites according to the flight types and migration behaviour of the soaring birds. Additionally has been outlined the need for covering of a wider segment of the migration route through a chain of observation points, including specialised radar and the usefulness of joint and synchronised ef¬forts by all teams at the basic observation points in Europe and Asia Minor on a continental scale.

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324170753_Long-term_Changes_in_Autumn_Migration_of_Selected_Soaring_Bird_Species_at_Burgas_Bay_Bulgaria  

Michev T., Profirov L., Michev B., Hristov L., Ignatov A., Stoynov E. & Chipev N. 2018. Long-term Changes in Autumn Migration of Selected Soaring Bird Species at Burgas Bay, Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 70 (1), 2018: 57–68.


monitoring_title:
No Evidence for Displacement of Wintering Red-breasted Geese Branta ruficollis (Pallas, 1769) (Anseriformes) at a Wind Farms Area in Northeast Bulgaria: Long-term Monitoring Results
While broadly considered “environmentally friendly”, being a clean source of renewable energy, wind farms are not without potentially adverse effects on environmental features, notably on birds. The conservation status of the Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis (RBG) has changed from endangered in the past to vulnerable in 2015. At present, the hinterland of the western Black Sea coast, including Bulgaria, is one of the main wintering grounds of RBG, where flocks co-exist in the same region with around 200 wind turbines. We hypothesise that the operation of wind parks has caused displacement of wintering geese. However, according to the results of our study, RBG are using the same territory in the same number but distributed in smaller flocks. Our findings do not indicate displacement of RBG from traditional feeding grounds but are associated with the changes in the property of the land in Bulgaria and fragmentation of the crop fields, including those of wheat, which is the main feeding resource of RBG in winter. Our study provides no evidence for a displacement effect of wind turbines and describes the opportunistic strategy of wintering of RGB in the area in the last 20 years.

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318446970_No_Evidence_for_Displacement_of_Wintering_Red-breasted_Geese_Branta_ruficollis_Pallas_1769_Anseriformes_at_a_Wind_Farms_Area_in_Northeast_Bulgaria_Long-term_Monitoring_Results 

http://www.acta-zoologica-bulgarica.eu/downloads/acta-zoologica-bulgarica/2017/69-2-215-228.pdf

Zehtindjiev P., Vasilev V., Marinov M. P., Ilieva M., Dimitrov D., Peev S., Raykov I., Raykova V., Ivanova K., Bedev K. & Yankov Y. No Evidence for Displacement of Wintering Red-breasted Geese Branta ruficollis (Pallas, 1769) (Anseriformes) at a Wind Farms Area in Northeast Bulgaria: Long-term Monitoring Results. Acta zool. bulg., 69 (2), 2017: 215-228


monitoring_title:
Recent data on the distribution and numbers of the water birds in the wetlands along the Bulgarian section of the Danube River.
The distribution and numbers of 34 species of breeding water birds are studied along the Bulgarian section of the Danube River between 2006 and 2013. Seven synchronized counts of breeding water birds are conducted in all of the wetlands in that particular stretch. The most numerous species that have been found are the Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), 34-78 pairs; Little Bittern (Ixobruchus minutus), 40-93 pairs; Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), 84-148 pairs; Gadwall (Anas strepera), 30-51 pairs, Garganey (Anas querquedula), 38- 81 pairs; Common Pochard (Aythya ferina), 72-141 pairs; Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca), 88-157 pairs; Coot (Fulica atra), 290-552 pairs; and Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida), 339 - 1637 pairs. Observations made during the breeding period and findings of proved breeding cases of rare or irregularly breeding species such as the White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus), Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), Teal (Anas crecca), Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula), Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina), Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) and White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus) are also presented in this study. A long-term (last 30 years) trend indicating an increase in water bird numbers can be confirmed for the Mute Swan, Great Crested Grebe, Ferruginous Duck, Gadwall, Common Pochard and Whiskered Tern; in contrast, a decrease has been observed in the numbers of Greylag Goose, Garganey and Black Tern (Chlidonias niger).

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334899397_Recent_data_on_the_distribution_and_numbers_of_the_water_birds_in_the_wetlands_along_the_Bulgarian_section_of_the_Danube_River 
Shurulinkov, Peter & Cheshmedzhiev, Svilen & Daskalova, Girgina & Dinkov, Hristo & Kirov, Krassimir & Hristov, Ivan & Kutsarov, Yordan & Koev, Veselin & Michov, Stoyan. (2019). Recent data on the distribution and numbers of the water birds in the wetlands along the Bulgarian section of the Danube River.


monitoring_title:
Status and distribution of diurnal birds of prey and Black Stork along the Bulgarian section of the Danube River
A total of 28 diurnal birds of prey species and Black Storks are recorded during intensive research along the Bulgarian section of the Danube River between 2008 and 2018. Out of these, 20 species are breeding. The Danube River and its neighbouring hills, forests, steppes, and the lowest sections of its tributaries hold significant populations of species of high conservation importance; including the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Clanga pomarina),40-50 breeding pairs (br.p.); Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus),10-15 br.p.; Short –toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus),50-70 br.p.; European Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus),17-25 br.p.; Levant Sparrowhawk (Accipiter brevipes), 35-60 br.p.; Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus),75-130 br.p.; White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla),12 br.p.; Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus), 25-40 br.p.; and Black Stork (Ciconia nigra),80-150 br.p.. During migration, the most numerous species are the Marsh Harrier, Black Stork, European Honey Buzzard, Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) and Lesser Spotted Eagle. Migration is stronger during autumn and in central and eastern parts of the study area.

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334899403_Status_and_diistribution_of_diurnal_birds_of_prey_and_Black_Stork_along_the_Bulgarian_section_of_the_Danube_River

Cheshmedzhiev, Svilen & Shurulinkov, Peter & Daskalova, Girgina. (2019). Status and diistribution of diurnal birds of prey and Black Stork along the Bulgarian section of the Danube River.


monitoring_title:
Heron and Cormorant colonies along the Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube River: Status and Trends, 2010-2014
Distribution and numbers of colonially nesting herons, cormorants, Eurasian Spoonbills and Glossy Ibises are studied along the whole Bulgarian –Romanian section of the Danube River in the period 2010-2014. A total of 15 colonies, 12 of them mixed, were located and their species composition and trends in numbers were followed during the study. The total numbers by species differed considerably between years as follows: Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) - 1573 -2299 pairs, Pigmy Cormorant (Microcarbo pygmaeus) – 283 - 877 pairs, Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) – 237-399 pairs, Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) – 4 - 18 pairs, Great White Heron (Ardea alba) – 6 - 12 pairs, Squacco Heron (Ardeolla ralloides) – 60- 181 pairs, Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) – 234 - 484 pairs, Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) – 89 -147 pairs, Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) – 10 - 186 pairs. The most numerous colonies were at Ibisha Island, small islet off Golyama Burzina Island (on Romanian territory) and in Srebarna Lake. Trends of decrease in numbers for the period 2006 -2014 were detected for Pigmy Cormorants and Grey Herons. Increasing numbers were recorded for Night Herons, Eurasian Spoonbills and Glossy Ibises. The remaining species showed more or less stable population numbers.

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334899388_Heron_and_Cormorant_colonies_along_the_Bulgarian-Romanian_section_of_the_Danube_River_Status_and_Trends_2010-2014. 
Shurulinkov, Peter & Daskalova, Girgina & Cheshmedzhiev, Svilen & Kirov, Krassimir & Koev, Veselin & Dinkov, Hristo & Hristov, Ivan & Nikolov, Ivailo & Michov, Stoyan & Kutsarov, Yordan. (2019). Heron and Cormorant colonies along the Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube River: Status and Trends, 2010-2014.


monitoring_title:
The distribution, numbers, and breeding of terns and waders on the sand islands along the Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube
During 2011 and 2013 three complete surveys of the nesting terns and waders are conducted along the whole Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube River. In both years, during the spring and summer the water levels of the Danube were very low and as a result many suitable islets and sandpits formed for the breeding of terns and waders. The total breeding numbers of all studied species during both years (2011/2013) have been as follows: Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) – 428/510-550pairs, Little Tern (Sternula albifrons) – 182/139-144 pairs, Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius) - 61/16 pairs, Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) – 15/0 pairs, Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) - 80/2 pairs, Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) – 7/0 pairs, and Stone Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) – 2/1 pairs, Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) - 0/1 pairs. The largest colonies were concentrated east of Nikopol /Turnu Magurele, the eastern part of the studied river section.

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304019808_The_distribution_numbers_and_breeding_of_terns_and_waders_on_the_sand_islands_along_the_Bulgarian-Romanian_section_of_the_Danube_North-Western_Journal_of_Zoology_12165-77 
Shurulinkov, Peter & Daskalova, Girgina & Michov, Stoyan & Koev, Veselin. (2016). The distribution, numbers, and breeding of terns and waders on the sand islands along the Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 12(1):65-77.. North-Western Journal of Zoology. 12. 65-77.


monitoring_title:
Observations of the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) in Bulgaria during the period of post-breeding dispersal
The Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) had been considered extinct as a breeding species in Bulgaria, but recently a small breeding colony can be found again in the south-eastern part of the country. Seven recent observations of flocks or solitary birds of the species in Bulgaria during the post-breeding period are presented and commented in the publication. It is shown that the territory of the country is a regular area for post-breeding dispersal and pre-migratory feeding of lesser kestrels. The origin of these is not known,
but most probably birds from the populations of the European part of Turkey, Greece, Republic of Macedonia and Albania are involved.

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289317205_Observations_of_the_lesser_kestrel_Falco_naumanni_in_Bulgaria_during_the_period_of_post-breeding_dispersal 
Daskalova, Girgina & Shurulinkov, Peter & P.Stoyanov, Georgi & Borisov, Borislav. (2015). Observations of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in Bulgaria during the period of post-breeding dispersal. Slovak Raptor Journal. 10. 0-0. 10.1515/srj-2016-0001.


monitoring_title:
Recovering the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) as a breeder in Bulgaria. 
The Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) is one of the rarest raptors in Bulgaria. Although once a common species, Lesser Kestrel has not been confirmed as a breeder in the country for the past few decades. Having implemented feasibility studies, Green Balkans launched the implementation of direct actions aimed at restoring the species as a breeder in Sakar SPA, a NATURA 2000 site in Bulgaria, through release of juveniles into the wild. With regard to this approach, based on a special methodology designed by DEMA called “Ambiente de Colonia” - a combination of the so called “hacking” and “foster parenting” methods, a Lesser Kestrel Release and Adaptation Module has been established. Lesser Kestrel chicks translocated from Spain are released into the wild. The juveniles are bred in captivity at DEMA’s breeding center. A breeding stock has been established at Green Balkans’ Wildlife Rehabilitation and Breeding Center (WRBC), consisting of wild birds, which have undergone rehabilitation at rescue centers in Spain and were ceded by the Government of Extremadura (Spain). This breeding stock is also providing offspring to be released. 
A total of 286 juvenile Lesser Kestrels were released through the Module as follows – 90 individuals in 2013, 114 individuals in 2014, 82 individuals in 2015. As a result of these actions, the species has been restored as a breeder in Bulgaria. In 2014, there were 8 newly formed pairs, while in 2015 the number of breeding pairs was 9. The number of chicks that fledged in the colony in Levka village, Sakar SPA, was as follows – 15 individuals in 2014 and 17 individuals in 2015.

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286933779_RECOVERING_THE_LESSER_KESTREL_FALCO_NAUMANNI_AS_A_BREEDER_IN_BULGARIA 
Gradev, Gradimir & Marin, Simeon & Zhelev, Pavlin & Antolín, José. (2015). RECOVERING THE LESSER KESTREL (FALCO NAUMANNI) AS A BREEDER IN BULGARIA. 10.13140/RG.2.1.2863.4969.


monitoring_title:
Birds in Besaparski ridove special protection area (Natura 2000), Southern Bulgaria: Conservation status and dynamics
A total of 184 species of birds belonging to 17 orders have beeb recorded in Besaparski Ridove Special Protection Area. Ninety-nine species are of European conservation concern (SPEC); 10 of them fall under the category SPEC 1, 23 as species threatened in Europe (SPEC 2) and and 48 as SPEC 3. Twelve of the recorded species are globally threatened, 6 of are near threatened, 4 are classified as vulnerable and 2 species are endangered. The area is of global significance for the conservation of the globally threatened Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) and one of the most important territories of European significance in Bulgaria for the breeding Tawny Pipit (Anthus campestris), Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) and Calandra Lark (Melanocoryphacalandra). A decline was recorded in species such as Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix), Black-eared Wheatear (Oenanthe hispanica) and Lesser Grey Shrike (Lanius minor), while an increase was recorded in the populations of Stone Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) and European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster).

monitoring_reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286873044_Birds_in_besaparski_ridove_special_protection_area_natura_2000_southern_bulgaria_Conservation_status_and_dynamics 
Demerdzhiev, Dimitar. (2014). Birds in besaparski ridove special protection area (natura 2000), southern bulgaria: Conservation status and dynamics. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 66. 171-189.


monitoring_title:
Ecological status of wetlands of the Czech Republic and trends of their development

monitoring_reference:
Pithart D., Prikryl I., Melichar V., Kresina J., Vlasáková L., eds. (2017).  Ekologický stav mokradu Ceské republiky a trendy jejich vývoje. Beleco, z.s. 239 pp. ISBN978-80-270-3127-6


monitoring_reference:
Barthel, P. H. & Krüger, T. (2018): Artenliste der Vögel Deutschlands. Vogelwarte 56: 171-203


monitoring_title:
Atlas des Vogelzugs: Darstellung und Analyse aller Ringfunde in Deutschland (Stand 2012, vereinzelt bis 2014)

monitoring_reference:
Bairlein, F., Dierschke, J., Dierschke, V., Salewski, V., Geiter, O., Hüppop, K., Köppen, U. & Fiedler, W. (2014). Atlas des Vogelzugs. Ringfunde deutscher Brut-und Gastvögel. Aula-Verlag, Wiebelsheim.


monitoring_title:
Brutbestand, Bruterfolg und jährliche Überlebensrate von Kleinvogelarten - Ergebnisse des Integrierten Monitorings von Singvogelpopulationen in Deutschland (IMS) 1998 bis 2013

monitoring_reference:
Meister, B., Köppen, U., Geiter, O., Fiedler, W., & Bairlein, F. (2016): Brutbestand, Bruterfolg und jährliche Überlebensrate von Kleinvogelarten–Ergebnisse des Integrierten Monitorings von Singvogelpopulationen in Deutschland (IMS) 1998 bis 2013. Vogelwarte 54: 90-108.


monitoring_title:
Illegale Greifvogelverfolgung in Deutschland 2005-2015: Verbreitung, Ausmaß, betroffene Arten und Strafverfolgung

monitoring_reference:
Hirschfeld, A., Gevers, D. & Heyd, A. (2017): Illegale Greifvogelverfolgung in Deutschland 2005-2015: Verbreitung, Ausmaß, betroffene Arten und Strafverfolgung. Berichte zum Vogelschutz 53/54: 43-62


monitoring_title:
Vogelneozoen in Deutschland - Revision der nationalen Statuseinstufungen: Kategorisierung und Auflistung von Neozoen (Vögel) in Deutschland

monitoring_reference:
Bauer, H.-G., Geiter, O., Homma, S. & Woog, F. (2016): Vogelneozoen in Deutschland – Revision der nationalen Statuseinstufungen. Vogelwarte 54: 165-179.


monitoring_title:
Vögel in Deutschland - 2013: Bilanz zur Umsetzung der Vogelschutzrichtlinie, wichtige aktuelle Informationen zu Bestandsgrößen und Trends der Brutvögel und regelmäßig überwinternden Wasservögel, Indikator 'Artenvielfalt und Landschaftsqualität'

monitoring_reference:
Sudfeldt, C., R. Dröschmeister, W. Frederking, K. Gedeon, B. Gerlach, C. Grüneberg, J. Karthäuser, T. Langgemach, B. Schuster, S. Trautmann & J. Wahl (2013): Vögel in Deutschland - 2013. DDA, BfN, LAG VSW, Münster.


monitoring_title:
Vögel in Deutschland - 2014: Analyse des Vogelschutzberichts 2013 (Bestandsentwicklung, Gefährdungen und Beeinträchtigungen, Bewertung des Schutzgebietsnetzes), Indikator 'Artenvielfalt und Landschaftsqualität'

monitoring_reference:
Wahl, J., R. Dröschmeister, B. Gerlach, C. Grüneberg, T. Langgemach, S. Trautmann & C. Sudfeldt (2015): Vögel in Deutschland - 2014. DDA, BfN, LAG VSW, Münster.


monitoring_title:
Danmarks truede arter - Den danske rødliste

monitoring_reference:
Wind, Peter og Rasmus Ejrnæs (2014). Med bidrag af Tom Fenchel, Claus Emmeche og Anne Gry Haugland. Danmarks truede arter. Den danske Rødliste. Aarhus Universitetsforlag. 2014.


monitoring_title:
Criterios para la gestión y conservación de la población española de alondra ricotí (Chersophilus duponti)

monitoring_reference:
Traba, J., Garza, V., García-Antón, A., Gómez-Catasús, J., Zurdo, J., Pérez-Granados, C., Morales, M.B., Oñate, J.J., Herranz, J. & Malo, J. (2019). Criterios para la gestión y conservación de la población española de alondra ricotí Chersophilus duponti. Fundación Biodiversidad, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica. Madrid.


monitoring_title:
Estrategia nacional contra el uso ilegal de cebos envenenados en el medio nacional


monitoring_reference:
Pertti Saurola, Jari Valkama ym, Luomus 2013-2015


monitoring_title:
International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) Western Siberia & Northern Europe/NW Europe population (Lithuanian Ornithological Society were one of the compilers).

monitoring_reference:
Dagys, M., Hearn, R. (compilers) 2018. International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) Western Siberia & Northern Europe/NW Europe population. AEWA Technical Series No. XX, Bonn, Germany. Draft.


monitoring_title:
Nauji ir reti paukšciai Lietuvoje (New and rare birds for Lithuania).

monitoring_reference:
Jusys, V., Karalius, S., Raudonikis, L., 2017. Nauji ir reti paukšciai Lietuvoje. Vilnius.


monitoring_title:
Mažojo erelio reksnio (Aquila pomarina) apsaugos planas (National Species Action Plan for Lesser Spotted Eagle)

monitoring_reference:
Treinys, R. (rengejas), 2015. Mažojo erelio reksnio (Aquila pomarina) apsaugos planas. Patvirtintas 2015 m. vasario 27 d. Aplinkos ministro isakymu Nr. D1-185. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.showFile&rep=file&fil=Eagles-in-the-forest_Nationa-Action-Plan_LT.pdf


monitoring_title:
Status of oastal waterbird populations of the EAF with special attention to flyway poulations making use of the Wadden Sea.


monitoring_title:
“Bedreigde vogels in Nederland. Vogels van de rode lijst in hun leefgebied. R. van Beusekom, R. Foppen, R. Kwak, J. Louwe Kooijmans & K. de Pater. Vogelbescherming Nederland, KNNV”


monitoring_title:
Fåglarna i Sverige - Antal och förekomst


monitoring_title:
Monitoring of breeding birds. Methodological guide. Second edition
Second, extended edition of the breeding birds monitoring manual. Publication contains descriptions of methods for the evaluation of indicators for more than 100 breeding birds in Poland, for which Natura 2000 sites are designated.

monitoring_reference:
http://monitoringptakow.gios.gov.pl/publikacje?file=files/pliki/publikacje/MonitoringPtakowLegowych_2015_online.pdf
Chylarecki P., Sikora A., Cenian Z., Chodkiewicz T. (red.) 2015. Monitoring ptaków legowych. Poradnik metodyczny. Wydanie 2. GIOS, Warszawa.


monitoring_title:
Guidance for determining and assesing the conservation status of bird habitats in SPAs.
Manual presents characteristic elements of habitats conditioning the occurance of 42 birds. For every species authors performed an assessment of  the habitats features, which comprise to the functional area of the species.Publication meets the need of developing unitary methodology of birds habitats conservaton status assessment.

monitoring_reference:
http://www.gdos.gov.pl/files/artykuly/5437/Publikacja.pdf
Zawadzka D., Ciach M., Figarski T., Kajtoch L., Rejt L. 2013. Materialy do wyznaczania i okreslania stanu zachowania siedlisk ptasich w obszarach specjalnej ochrony ptaków Natura 2000. GDOS, Warszawa


monitoring_title:
The Spotted Eagle – Vanishing Bird of Marshes
On the pages of the book all aspects of life of the Greater Spotted Eagle are introduced. The authors  based the works on their extensive field experience using the result of over 20 years of reaserching spotted eagles in Biebrza Valley. Cooperetion withbird reaserchers from Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia and Ukraine was established, which enabled the authors to gather information from almost the entire breeding area of this species. An extensive documentation of wintering ground from Greece, Montenegro, and especially from Israel and Omanwas also gathered. There is a detailed description that allows to distinguish it not only from it sister species, the Lesser Spotted Eagle, but also from hybrids of both species. Description of reproductive biology is based on the long-term monitoringof the Biebrza population. This book contains Polish, English and Russian vertions of the text.

monitoring_reference:
http://orlikgrubodzioby.org.pl/public/file/download/Orlik%20grubodzioby_monografia.pdf
Maciorowski G., Lontkowski J., Mizera T. 2014. Orlik grubodzioby – ginacy orzel z bagien. Unigraf Józef Kloska, Poznan.


monitoring_title:
Rare Birds of Poland
The book describes 241 species of natural occurrence and uncertain origin. Each species account contains the following aspects: geographic range, status, past and present distribution, phenology of occurance, period of stay, age structure, gregariousness and habitat. The species analysys are based on over 15 000 reports verified by the Avifaunistic Commission during 1972-2015 (including some records from 2016).

monitoring_reference:
Srawarczyk T., Cofta T., Kajzer Z.,Lontkowski J., Sikora A. 2017. Rzadkie ptaki Polski, Studio B&W Wojciech Janecki, Sosnowiec.


monitoring_title:
Carpathian red list of forest habitats and species Carpathian list of invasive alien species (draft)


monitoring_reference:
KaraskaD., Cichocki W., Kocian L. (eds.) 2014. Hniezdne rozšírenie vtáctva Oravy. SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, Bratislava, 620 pp.


monitoring_title:
Zásady ochrany európsky významných druhov vtákov a ich biotopov


monitoring_reference:
Karaska D. et al, 2015: Chránené vtácie územia Slovenka. ŠOP SR, B. Bystrica, 380 pp.


monitoring_reference:
Danko Š. et al. 2017: Vtáctvo slovenskej casti Medzibodrožia. SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, Bratislava, 505 pp.


monitoring_title:
An assessment of the risk of extinction for birds in Great Britain.

monitoring_reference:
Stanbury, A., Brown, A., Eaton, M., Aebischer, N., Gillings, S., Hearn, H., Noble, D., Stroud, D.A. & Gregory, R.  (2017).  An assessment of the risk of extinction for birds in Great Britain.  British Birds 110: 502-517.


monitoring_title:
Ghid standard de monitorizare a speciilor de pasari de interes comunitar din România – publication with recommended monitoring methods for birds to be applied in Romania


# data_birds_annexII

annexII_info:
Out of 21 regional administration, 12 provided hunting statistics for 2014-2015, 15 for 2015-2016, 14 for 2016-2017 and 9 for 2017-2018.  No data were available for  2012-2013 and 2013-2014


annexII_info:
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Documents/Downloads/CDCreport2013_openseasondata.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/CDC%20report%202014.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Documents/Downloads/WBRU/2016/Carnet%20de%20Chasse%20Report%202015.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2017/reportsAndStats/Game%20reporting%20data%20report%202016.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2018/reportsAndStats/Game%20Reporting%20Data%20Report%202017.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2018/reportsAndStats/grdReport18.pdf


annexII_info:
La información procede de las Comunidades Autónomas, que deben enviar resultados para su incorporación en los Anuarios de Estadística Forestal, del antiguo Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, a nivel nacional. El periodo analizado transcurre desde el 2011 hasta el 2016, último año para el que se encuentra disponible la información.

Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Anuarios de Estadística Forestal. Periodo 2005-2016. (https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/estadisticas/forestal_anuarios_todos.aspx)


annexII_info:
La saison 2013-14 est considérée comme une bonne saison d'hivernage de l'espèce en France. L'estimation du tableau de chasse pour cette saison doit donc être considérée comme une valeur au dessus de la moyenne sur la période considérée.


annexII_info:
There is no national scheme in Ireland to collect, compile, analyse and report out on hunting bag statistics for this species


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. This species is not legal quarry in the UK, but the estimated 'bycatch' was <100; 95% CI 0 - 100. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Data based on official reports compiled by the Ministry of Environment, Waters and Forests


annexII_info:
In the Game & Fauna Service bag statistics reports, the numbers refer to the Group of A152, A153 & A155 species, but the vast majority>95% relate to A155 species (Scolopax rusticola).  The bag statistic does not distinguish between these 3 species.


annexII_info:
Für das Jagdjahr 2012/13 fehlen regional Jagdstrecken; die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild.


annexII_info:
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter. 
In the two hunting seasons 2012/13 and 2013/14 hunting in January was restricted to off shore areas. From 2014/15 and onwards hunting in January has been allowed both off shore and on land.
An adoptive management plan under the AEWA-agreement for the species was implemented in 2013 and in effect from the 2014/15 hunting season (Madsen & Williams 2012)  

Madsen, J. & Williams, J.H. (Compilers) 2012. International Species Management Plan for the Svalbard Population of the Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus. AEWA Technical Series No. 48. Bonn, Germany.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 9,000; 95% CI 2,300 - 23,000. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys. The maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). The lower CLs were replaced by zeros when negative.


annexII_info:
Voir Aubry et al. 2016. Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir. Saison 2013-14, résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage 310: I-VIII.


annexII_info:
La información procede de las Comunidades Autónomas, que deben enviar información para su incorporación en los Anuarios de Estadística Forestal, del antiguo Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, a nivel nacional. El periodo analizado transcurre desde el 2011 hasta el 2016, último año para el que se encuentra disponible la información.

Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Anuarios de Estadística Forestal. Periodo 2005-2016. (https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/estadisticas/forestal_anuarios_todos.aspx) 

Es una especie cinegética en España, pero no se caza en todas las Comunidades Autónomas. (https://www.fecaza.com/caza/ordenes-de-veda)


annexII_info:
Órdenes de veda, no se caza en las Comunidades Autónomas.
(https://www.fecaza.com/caza/ordenes-de-veda)


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 66,000; 95% CI 29,000 - 90,000. This includes birds from both the Icelandic and naturalised populations which were not differentiated in the survey. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
A. albifrons, A. fabalis and A. Anser are not separated in hunting bag statistic provided by the Ministry of agriculture. Most of the hunting bag should be A. anser


annexII_info:
In einzelnen Jahren fehlen regional Jagdstrecken; die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild, Abschüsse nach Art. 9 Abs. 3 EG_Richtlinie über die Erhaltung der wildlebenden Vogelarten sowie Angaben, die nicht artspezifisch differenziert sind.


annexII_info:
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter. 
In the two hunting seasons 2012/13 and 2013/14 hunting in January was restricted to off shore areas. From 2014/15 and onwards hunting in January has been allowed both off shore and on land.


annexII_info:
hunting bags are given as "wild geese" but mainly concern Greylag Geese


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.


annexII_info:
Based on data from seasons: 2012/2013-2017/2018 published by reaseach station of Polish Hunting Assosiation located in Czempin. Source: http://tiny.cc/r57kaz. Hunting bag for this species is an estimation based on percentage share in all hunted geese in season 2015/2016.


annexII_info:
There is no national scheme in Ireland to collect, compile, analyse and report out on hunting bag statistics for this species. Feral populations (only) can be hunted legally: (i) throughout the state in early autumn, prior to the arrival of winter migrants from Iceland, and (ii) from mid-October to end of following January at three select sites (where only ferals are known to be present during this period).


annexII_info:
Total des prélèvements = inconnue en période de reproduction car pas de centralisation des bilans des dérogations préfectorales sur l'espèce autorisée entre  le 31/01 et le 31/03.

Arrêté du 2 septembre 2016 (DEVL1624858A):
"La bernache du Canada (Branta canadensis) peut être détruite à tir entre la date de clôture spécifique de la chasse de cette espèce et le 31 mars au plus tard sur autorisation individuelle délivrée par le préfet. Le tir s’effectue à poste fixe matérialisé de main d’homme. Le tir dans les nids est interdit. Le piégeage de la bernache du Canada est interdit sans préjudice de l’application de l’article L. 427-1 du code de l’environnement."

Remarque - Tir pendant période de chasse légale (hivers) :
Selon Aubry et al. (2016) 2 153 à 5 585 ind. prélevés pendant la saison 2013-2014 = pendant la période légale de chasse à tir, alors que l'espèce n'était pas encore classée "nuisible". Les prélèvements depuis doivent être plus importants.
Note pour administrateur : les estimations ne peuvent être réalisées en nombre de couples (certainement plus de jeunes prélevés que d'adultes reproducteurs pendant la saison de chasse à tir).

--> les effectifs renseignés dans le tableau sont les individus chassés d'après enquête Aubry 2016 (en période de chasse)
En période de reproduction (hors période chasse) ce sont des tirs de régulation : 468 (+/-139) individus en moyenne sur 2012-2016 (Maillard J-F, Pernollet C et Matignon C 2019 - Bilan de l'application de la circulaire relative à la maîtrise des populations de la Bernache du Canada (Branta canadensis) en France pour la période 2012-2016 - Note technique ONCFS/FNC)


annexII_info:
Only data available from one year (Y5) for Wallonia: 1165


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 36,000; 95% CI 16,000 - 69,000. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
1) ARTEMIS Project 1995-2018. Recording and monitoring game species populations in Greece through harvest indices.


annexII_info:
For Season/Year 1 (year 2013), the hunting bags of Common Teal (Anas crecca) and Garganey (Spatula querquedula) were combined in the data. According to catch samples, Garganey represents less than 5 %.
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys. The maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). The lower CLs were replaced by zeros when negative.


annexII_info:
Voir Aubry et al. 2016. Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir. Saison 2013-2014, résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage 310: I-VIII.


annexII_info:
U skladu sa Zakonom o  lovstvu i na temelju njega donešenih podzakonskih akata, gospodarenje pticjim vrstama propisano je obzirom na to da li je vrsta stalna gnjezdarica ili prolaznica.  Za gnjezdarice brojno stanje odredeno je bonitiranjem i kapacitetom staništa, a za prolaznice se planira lov do 10% od utvrdenog brojnog stanja za iste. Obzirom na navedeno, iz aspekta lovnog gospodarenja ne posjedujemo podatke o zimovalicama (niti su egzaktni za prolaznice).


annexII_info:
Anas crecca (patka kržulja) je vrsta kojom se gospodari kao sporednom, odnosno iz aspekta lovnog gospodarenja ova vrsta nije atraktivna za lov. Odstrjel - nije evidentiran.


annexII_info:
There is no national scheme in Ireland to collect, compile, analyse and report out on hunting bag statistics for this species.


annexII_info:
Die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild und Angaben, die nicht artspezifisch differenziert sind.


annexII_info:
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter.


annexII_info:
La información procede de las Comunidades Autónomas, que deben enviar información para su incorporación en los Anuarios de Estadística Forestal, del antiguo Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, a nivel nacional. El periodo analizado transcurre desde el 2011 hasta el 2016, último año para el que se encuentra disponible la información.

Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Anuarios de Estadística Forestal. Periodo 2005-2016. (https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/estadisticas/forestal_anuarios_todos.aspx)


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 76,000; 95% CI 47,000 - 120,000. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Hunting bags are reported as "wild ducks" therefore no information on species level


annexII_info:
Only detailed information available for 1 year
Species hunted in Wallonia


annexII_info:
According Game & Fauna Service bag statistics reports the numbers are negligible since almost all wetlands are 'no hunting' areas


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters corresponding to 80-85% of hunting farms.


annexII_info:
Based on data from seasons: 2012/2013-2017/2018 published by reaseach station of Polish Hunting Assosiation located in Czempin. Source: http://tiny.cc/r57kaz. Hunting bag for this species is an estimation based on percentage share in all hunted ducks in season 2015/2016.


annexII_info:
Voir Aubry et al. (2016) Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir. Saison 2013-14, Résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage 310: I-VIII.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je patka gluhara evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je patka gluhara evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel - 10% od utvrdenog brojnog stanja prolaznica 
(podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 880,000; 95% CI 770,000 - 980,000. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Mostly the birds from the breeding stations


annexII_info:
Für das Jagdjahr 2012/13 fehlen regional Jagdstrecken; die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild und Angaben, die nicht artspezifisch differenziert sind.


annexII_info:
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter. 
Large numbers of mallards are reared and released annually for hunting purposes.


annexII_info:
Hunting bags are reported as "wild ducks", but it is assumed that the majority of ducks shot are Mallard or Mallard-type hybrids


annexII_info:
Only data available from one year (Y5) for Wallonia: 38345


annexII_info:
L. Schley, S. Cellina (2018): Bulletin technique de l'Administration de la Nature et des Forêts en matière de gestion de la faune sauvage et de chasse, Numéro 7.ANF


annexII_info:
Guillemain M., Aubry P., Folliot B., Caizergues A. (2017) Estimation des tableaux de chasse de canards en France pour la saison 2013-2014. Faune sauvage 314 : 22-28


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 800; 95% CI 240 - 1,700. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
prélèvement de l'espèce trop faible et intervalle de confiance trop large pour une estimation fiable pour la saison 2013/2014 (Guillemain, M., Aubry, P, Folliot, B., & Caizergues, A. (2016). Duck hunting bag estimates for the 2013-14 season in France. Wildfowl, 66(66), 126-141.)


annexII_info:
Aubry, P., Anstett, L., Ferrand, Y., Reitz, F., Klein, F., Ruette, S., Sarasa, M., Arnauduc, J. P. & Migot, P. 2016. Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir. Saison 2013-2014. Résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage, 310: 8.


annexII_info:
Odstrjel gnjezdece populacije nije evidentiran u SLE.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 180; 95% CI 40 - 410. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
A. ferina nad A. fuligula are not separated in hunting bag statistic provided by the Ministry of agriculture


annexII_info:
data reported by hunters corresponding to 80-85% of hunting farms.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 4,600; 95% CI 2,500 - 7,800. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Las capturas son producidas en una temporada en algunas regiones concretas, donde su población no alcanza números elevados durante el periodo invernal.
(https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/porron_moniudo_tcm30-99946.pdf)


annexII_info:
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys. The maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). The lower CLs were replaced by zeros when negative.
In addition, males are hunted on the Åland islands in spring, which are not included in the above statistics.


annexII_info:
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter. 
Hunting of female common eider has been closed since the start of the hunting season 2014/15-.


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.
It is prohibited to hunt the species since 09.09.2016.


annexII_info:
Official statistics: 44, 10, 56, 8, 80, 80


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 200; 95% CI 60 - 420. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys. The maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). The lower CLs were replaced by zeros when negative.
In 2018 a full hunting moratorium was applied.


annexII_info:
For years 4,5,6 there was no hunting of the species due to the reclassification in 2016 (LN69 of 2016).
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/Notice_Red-Breasted%20Merganser.pdf 
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Documents/Downloads/CDCreport2013_openseasondata.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/CDC%20report%202014.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Documents/Downloads/WBRU/2016/Carnet%20de%20Chasse%20Report%202015.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2017/reportsAndStats/Game%20reporting%20data%20report%202016.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2018/reportsAndStats/Game%20Reporting%20Data%20Report%202017.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2018/reportsAndStats/grdReport18.pdf


annexII_info:
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter. 
Hunting on red-breasted merganser was closed following the 2013/14 hunting season.


annexII_info:
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter.
Hunting on common merganser was closed following the 2013/14 hunting season.


annexII_info:
Prélèvements accidentels par chasseurs de bécasse dans tous les départements de présence mais non déclarés. Importance inconnue, peut-être supérieure aux prélèvements déclarés mais sans doute trop faibles pour affecter les populations là où elles sont bien implantées.


annexII_info:
Summary statistics provided by Statistik Austria (austrian agency for statistics)


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.
The data are collected for the hunting season (September 1 to January 31), not for the calendar year, so they do not reflect the number of birds hunted in a given year.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 4,400,000; 95% CI 3,900,000 - 4,800,000. Additionally an estimated total of 8,900,000; 95% CI 7,800,000 - 10,000,000 birds are taken from those annually released for hunting. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je prepelica pucpura evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (gnjezdeca populacija, podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
Hunting data provided by the Regional Direction of Forest Resources (DRRF; http://drrf-sraa.azores.gov.pt/areas/cinegetica/Paginas/Introducao.aspx). Data collected directly from the hunters during each hunting day by forest guards. Minimum and maximum extrapolated from the information collected for each hunting trip: duration, number of hunters and number of birds captured.


annexII_info:
There is a hunting season (September) in Burgenland, but hunting bag is zero


annexII_info:
A big part of the harvest is from birds released from pens.
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys. The maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). The lower CLs were replaced by zeros when negative.


annexII_info:
La dernière enquête ONCFS FNC a été réalisé pour la saison 2013-2014 (Aubry et al.) le tableau de chasse national du faisan pour cette saison : 3 064 219 [2 805 915-3 312 534] (CV = 4%)

Lors de la précédente enquête pour la saison 1998-1999 elle estimant alors le tableau de chasse à 5.06 millions d'oiseaux prélevés (+-1.3%). Ce tableau était en baisse par rapport aux prélèvements cynégétique de l'espèce estimé en 1983-84 (6.1 millions d'oiseaux). Il y a une tendance à la diminution des prélèvement de faisan par la chasse qui se confirme depuis plusieurs décennies.

Bien que le nombre de chasseurs soit en diminution constante depuis de nombreuses années la raréfaction d'autres gibiers sédentaires de plaine (perdrix grise notamment) ont fait de cette de cette espèce un gibier de repli pour les chasseurs de petit gibier. En conséquence, les prélèvements sont encore conséquents de nos jours même si une forte proportion des individus tués sont issus de lâchers.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je fazan obicni evidentiran, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 13,000,000; 95% CI 11,700,000 - 14,300,000. Additionally an estimated total of 43,000,000; 95% CI 38,000,000 - 47,000,000 birds are taken from those annually released for hunting. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Only data available for year 5 for Wallonia: 90972


annexII_info:
Mainly population bred in captivity is hunted. Numbers are from National hunting statistics.


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.
The data are collected for the hunting season (August 1 to March 31), not for the calendar year, so they do not reflect the number of birds hunted in a given year.


annexII_info:
Based on data from seasons: 2012/2013-2017/2018 published by reaseach station of Polish Hunting Assosiation located in Czempin. Source: http://tiny.cc/r57kaz. Population intensively supplemented by birds released for hunting purposes (c. 93,800 -108 700 i


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. There is no information for this species.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je liska crna evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
Only data available for 1 year
Only hunted in Wallonia


annexII_info:
Based on data from seasons: 2012/2013-2017/2018 published by reaseach station of Polish Hunting Assosiation located in Czempin. Source: http://tiny.cc/r57kaz


annexII_info:
Trolliet B., Bonnin P. et Farau S. (2018) Les prélèvements cynégétiques de limicoles côtiers en France métropolitaine. Faune sauvage 319 : 30-34
--> validation :  données complémentaires DPM 2016-2017 = 5200 à 8500 (moy 6821)


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 5,100; 95% CI 600 - 13,000. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Some data refers to trapped individuals https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Documents/Downloads/CDCreport2013_openseasondata.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/CDC%20report%202014.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Documents/Downloads/WBRU/2016/Carnet%20de%20Chasse%20Report%202015.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2017/reportsAndStats/Game%20reporting%20data%20report%202016.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2018/reportsAndStats/Game%20Reporting%20Data%20Report%202017.pdf
https://msdec.gov.mt/en/Document%20Repository/WBRU/2018/reportsAndStats/grdReport18.pdf


annexII_info:
There is no national scheme in Ireland to collect, compile, analyse and report out on hunting bag statistics for this species.”


annexII_info:
No available estimate from the last national questionnaire-based survey 2013/2014 (Aubry et al. 2016) due to the greater uncertainty in the hunting bag estimate for the species.
Aubry, P., Anstett, L., Ferrand, Y., Reitz, F., Klein, F., Ruette, S., Sarasa, M., Arnauduc, J.-P. & Migot, P. (2016) Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir - Saison 2013-2014. Résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage, 310 - Supplément 1, I-VIII.


annexII_info:
Aubry, P., L. Anstett, and Y. Ferrand. 2016. Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir Résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage 310.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 1,400; 95% CI 500 - 2,800. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
"Data reported by hunters corresponding to 80-85% of hunting farms.
Large number of individuals corresponding to unidentified species"


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je šljuka kokošica evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
In a "Season/ Year 6" zero birds were hunt (that is not "uknown" number).


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 100,000; 95% CI 93,000 - 120,000. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
In den Jagdstrecken ist z. T. Fallwild enthalten.


annexII_info:
Moratoire de la chasse de l'espèce depuis 2008, soit un prélèvement 0.


annexII_info:
Enquêtes ONCFS sur la saison 2013/14 --> revu validation : non significatif d'après enquête Aubry 2016


annexII_info:
--> revu validation : non significatif d'après enquête Aubry 2016


annexII_info:
--> revu validation : dans l'enquête Aubry et al. 2016, il est précisé que l'estimation pour cette espèce n'a pas pu être retenue car trop imprécise.


annexII_info:
Aubry, P., Anstett, L., Ferrand, Y., Reitz, F., Klein, F., Ruette, S., Sarasa, M., Arnauduc, J.-P. & Migot, P. (2016) Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir - Saison 2013-2014. Résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage, 310 - Supplément 1, I-VIII.


annexII_info:
The hunting bag statistics for Herring Gull also include the numbers of hunted Greater Black-backed Gulls. There is no information on the numbers of hunted individuals of these species separately.
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys.


annexII_info:
Für den Berichtszeitraum fehlen regional Jagdstrecken (dort keine artbezogene Erfassung; Entnahmemenge unbekannt); in den Jagdstrecken ist z. T. Fallwild enthalten.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je golub pecinar evidentiran, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
Aubry et al. (2016).- Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir - saison 2013-2014 - résultats nationaux. Faune sauvage n°310 Supplément.


annexII_info:
Hunting bags are reported for all species of pigeons and doves combined; numbers are reported under Columba palumbus


annexII_info:
Ces quantités prélevées, dans le cadre de l'activité cynégétique, sont à rapprocher des effectifs hivernants de l'espèce. En raison du niveau aléatoire de la pression d'observation et des difficultés à les recenser à cette période, notamment au milieu de grands groupes de pigeons ramiers, ces chiffres peuvent varier en fonction des sources disponibles : la fiche projet de l'espèce du Cahiers d'Habitat "Oiseaux" (MEEDDAT - MNHN) estimait le pic de la population d'hivernants à 200 000 individus sur la période 1996-2005.


annexII_info:
In the Game & Fauna Service bag statistics reports, the numbers refer to the Group of A687 & A207 species, but >99% relate to A687 species (Columba palumbus) in this report


annexII_info:
source pour les données de prélèvements: Lormée, H & Aubry, P. 2018. Estimation des tableaux de chasse de Colombidés en France pour la saison 2013-2014. Faune Sauvage 318: 15-22.


annexII_info:
1) ARTEMIS Project 1995-2018. Recording and monitoring game species populations in Greece through harvest indices.+


annexII_info:
Les prélèvements sont en forte baisse depuis la précédente enquête de 1998-1999 (Barbier et al., 2000) mais l'interprétation reste délicate en raison de la différence de méthodologie employée. Par contre, le quota attribué pour les chasse traditionnelles dans le sud ouest a baissé progressivement de 580 000 individus en 2005 puis 430 000 en 2010 et enfin 370 000 en 2015. Notons que les quotas n'ont jamais atteint depuis 2005 et que la forte majorité des prélèvements intervient pendant la période de migration automnale (octobre-novembre).


annexII_info:
Aubry, P., Anstett, L., Ferrand, Y., Reitz, F., Ruette, S., Sarasa, M., Arnauduc, J.-P. & Migot, P. (2016) Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir. Saison 2013-2014 - Résultats nationaux. Faune sauvage n° 310, supplément central. 8 p.

Eraud, C., Roux, D., Georgeons, Y., Rieutort, C., Blanchy, B. & Aubry, P. (2017) Estimation des tableaux de chasse des grives et du merle noir en France pour la saison 2013-2014. Faune Sauvage 316 : 12-19.


annexII_info:
In the Game & Fauna Service bag statistics reports, the numbers refer to the Group of A283, A284, A285, A286 & A287, but the majority in all years relate to A285 species (Turdus philomelos ), but the bag statistic does not distinguish between these 5 species.  The percentage may vary from year to year, depending on weather conditions, the year’s breeding success and the year’s migration.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je šojka kreštalica evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
The species is not a quarry species but is taken under General License/derogation as a 'pest' species. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated numbers killed in 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 13,000; 95% CI 10,000 - 17,000. See also Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild.


annexII_info:
Voici la référence pour la saison 2013-2014 : Aubry et al. (2016).- Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir - saison 2013-2014 - résultats nationaux. Faune sauvage n°310 Supplément. Les chiffres ont été arrondis à la plus proche dizaine. Olioso (monographie de la pie bavarde, in Issa & Muller 2015) indique par ailleurs 300.000 ind. pour la saison 2011-2012 et 200.000 pour la saison 2012-2013 avec remarque "plus de 2 ind./km2 en Bretagne" : ces estimations de prélèvement cynégétique semblent très fortes en comparaison des effectifs estimés.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je svraka evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
The species is not a quarry species but is taken under General License/derogation as a 'pest' species. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated numbers killed in 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 42,000; 95% CI 34,000 - 51,000. See also Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
For the year 2012-2013, the statistic refers for both species A343 and A349.


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.
The data are collected for the hunting season (June 15 to April 30), not for the calendar year, so they do not reflect the number of birds hunted in a given year.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je cavka zlogodnjaca evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).
Cavka zlogodnjaca je vrsta kojom se gospodari kao sporednom, odnosno iz aspekta lovnog gospodarenja ova vrsta nije atraktivna za lov.


annexII_info:
The species is not a quarry species but is taken under General License/derogation as a 'pest' species. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated numbers killed in 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 75,000; 95% CI 59,000 - 93,000. See also Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je vrana gacac evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
In a "Season/ Year 4" zero birds were hunt (that is not "uknown" number).


annexII_info:
The species is not a quarry species but is taken under General License/derogation as a 'pest' species. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated numbers killed in 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 76,000; 95% CI 60,000 - 94,000. See also Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je vrana siva evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
The species is not a quarry species but is taken under General License/derogation as a 'pest' species. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated numbers killed in 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 9,300; 95% CI 6,200 - 14,000. See also Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Für das Jagdjahr 2012/13 fehlen regional Jagdstrecken; die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild, Abschüsse nach Art. 9 Abs. 3 EG_Richtlinie über die Erhaltung der wildlebenden Vogelarten sowie regional Abschüsse der Nebelkrähe.


annexII_info:
La información procede de las Comunidades Autónomas, que deben enviar información para su incorporación en los Anuarios de Estadística Forestal, del antiguo Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, a nivel nacional. El periodo analizado transcurre desde el 2011 hasta el 2016, último año para el que se encuentra disponible la información.

Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Anuarios de Estadística Forestal. Periodo 2005-2016. (https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/estadisticas/forestal_anuarios_todos.aspx)

La Comunidad de Cataluña añade "Se caza principalmente en invierno. Probablemente muchos de los individuos reportados, corresponden a la especie Sturnus unicolor".


annexII_info:
Based on data from seasons: 2012/2013-2017/2018 published by reaseach station of Polish Hunting Assosiation located in Czempin. Source: http://tiny.cc/r57kaz Hunting bag for this species is an estimation based on percentage share in all hunted geese in season 2015/2016.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate (for both races) was <100; 95% CI 0 - 100. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Nema evidentiranog odstrjela zbog malobrojnosti populacije.


annexII_info:
Los datos han sido proporconados únicamente por Cataluña y no se dispone de información del resto del territorio.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate, including the take of both L. l. scotica (in Great Britain) and L. l. hibernica (in Northern Ireland) was 700,000; 95% CI 630,000 - 770,000. The vast majority of this total relates to the take of L. l. scotica in upland Britain. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Tableau de chasse national de Perdrix grise saison 2013-2014 : 966 737 individus [796 396 – 1 137 079] (CV = 9%) (Aubry et al. 2016, Bro et al. 2017) – éléments méthodologiques : voir Aubry 2017, 2018, 2019.

Aubry P. (2019). –  L'enquête sur les tableaux de chasse pour la saison 2013-2014 : quelques éléments de compréhension. Faune Sauvage, 322 : sous presse. 

Aubry P. (2018). –  Enquêtes sur les tableaux de chasse basées sur l'échantillonnage aléatoire des chasseurs : comment ça marche ? Faune Sauvage, 320 : 10-15.

Aubry P. (2017). –  Enquête sur les tableaux de chasse : pourquoi est-il essentiel d’y répondre, même quand on n’a rien prélevé ? Faune sauvage, 315 : 4-8.

Aubry P., L. Anstett, Y. Ferrand, F. Reitz, F. Klein, S. Ruette, M. Sarasa, J.-P. Arnauduc & P. Migot (2016).  –  Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir. Saison 2013-2014 – résultats nationaux. Faune sauvage, 310 : supplément central. 8 p. http://www.oncfs.gouv.fr/Espace-Presse-Actualites-ru16/Resultats-de-l-enquete-nationale-sur-les-tableaux-de-amp-nbsp-news1858 

Bro E., J.-S. Guitton, F. Ponce & P. Aubry (2017). –  Estimation des prélèvements de petit gibier sédentaire de plaine en 2013-2014. Faune Sauvage, 317 : 106-108.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je trcka skvržulja evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).
S obzirom na trend pada populacije, odstrjel vrste je iz godine u godinu sve manji.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 27,000; 95% CI 14,000 - 44,000. Additionally an estimated total of 170,000; 95% CI 80,000 - 270,000 birds are taken from those annually released for hunting. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Országos Vadgazdálkodási Adattár (National Game Management Database).
http://www.ova.info.hu/vgstat.html
Under national law on hunting, the species may only be hunted in those hunting districts, where a minimum of 500 reared Grey Partridges have been released in the given hunting season.


annexII_info:
Only data available from one year (Y5) for Wallonia: 24869


annexII_info:
Mainly population bred in captivity is hunted.


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.
No bird has been hunted in 2014-2018.


annexII_info:
Für das Jagdjahr 2012/13 fehlen regional Jagdstrecken; die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Angaben, die nicht artspezifisch differenziert sind.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je golub grivnjaš evidentiran, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
The species is not a quarry species but is taken under General License/derogation as a 'pest' species. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated numbers kill in 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 1,100,000; 95% CI 990,000 - 1,200,000. See also Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Für das Jagdjahr 2012/13 fehlen regional Jagdstrecken; die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild, Abschüsse nach Art. 9 Abs. 3 EG_Richtlinie über die Erhaltung der wildlebenden Vogelarten sowie Angaben, die nicht artspezifisch differenziert sind.


annexII_info:
Based on data from seasons: 2012/2013-2017/2018 published by reaseach station of Polish Hunting Assosiation located in Czempin. Source: http://tiny.cc/r57kaz.


annexII_info:
Statistik Austria reports all pigeons and doves shot under "Wildtauben/wild pigeons". It is assumed that the majority consists of Woodpigeons.


annexII_info:
In a "Season/ Year 5" zero birds were hunt (that is not "uknown" number).


annexII_info:
A full hunting ban was in effect 2014-2016. Restricted hunting was allowed in the municipalities close to the eastern border in 2017 and 2018, with an obligatory catch report (which is why the hunting bag figures are exact).
The 2013 number includes both subspecies. For 2013, the maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys.


annexII_info:
The reported numbers include both taiga bean goose and tundra bean goose. 
Data from the last hunting season 2017/2018 is only preliminary (http://fauna.au.dk/en/hunting-and-game-management/bag-statistics/statistics-online-since-1941/). Data is reported for the entire hunting season, thus including autumn and winter. 
In the two hunting seasons 2012/13 and 2013/14 hunting in January was restricted to off shore areas. From 2014/15 and onwards hunting in January has been allowed both off shore and on land.
In the two hunting seasons 2012/13 and 2013/14 the species had a regional hunting closure in the northern and central part of Jutland. From 2014/15 and onwards hunting has only been open in three selected counties in the southeastern part of Denmark.


annexII_info:
Information on the number of this subspecies is very poor. Official hunting bug data contains both subspecies together: Anser fabalis rossicus and Anser fabalis fabalis. Anser fabalis rossicus is much more common.
Source of huntihg bag assessment: Kampe-Persson H., Boiko D. 2019. The Taiga Bean Goose Anser fabalis fabalis in Latvia: occurrence, origin and hunting. Environmental and Experimental Biology (2019) 17: 91–95


annexII_info:
No annual reporting of hunting bag in France. Only every 10 years, the ONCFS conducted a questionnaire-based survey to estimate hunting bag to overcome the lack of regular reporting schemes. Estimate of annual hunting bag for 2013/2014 from the last national survey for Anser fabalis is however not reported because the uncertainty of the hunting bag estimate was too large (coefficient of variation > 25% ; Aubry et al. 2016).
Aubry, P., Anstett, L., Ferrand, Y., Reitz, F., Klein, F., Ruette, S., Sarasa, M., Arnauduc, J.-P. & Migot, P. (2016) Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir - Saison 2013-2014. Résultats nationaux. Faune Sauvage, 310 - Supplément 1, I-VIII.


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.
Information on the number of this subspecies is insufficient. Hunting bug data may contain both subspecies together: Anser fabalis rossicus and Anser fabalis fabalis. Anser fabalis rossicus is much more common.


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je guska glogovnjaca evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
There are hunting seasons only in Vorarlberg and Tirol


annexII_info:
Les effectifs prélevés correspondent à la période du 1er week-end d'Août à la fin février, correspondant à la fois à la migration postnuptiale et à la période d'hivernage. Ces données sont issues des références suivantes:
Aubry et al. 2016. Enquête nationale sur les tableaux de chasse à tir. Saison 2013-2014 Résultats nationaux. Fauve Sauvage n°310 Supplément.
FNC. 2018. Note sur les prélèvements estimés de limicoles sur le Domaine Public Maritime.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 34,000; 95% CI 12,000 - 66,000. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
For Season/Year 1 (year 2013), the hunting bags of Common Teal (Anas crecca) and Garganey (Spatula querquedula) were combined in the data. According to catch samples, Garganey represents less than 5 %. Thus, the number of hunted Garganey in 2013 was not estimated separately here. For the estimate of Common Teal/Garganey hunting bag in 2013, please see the report on Common Teal.
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys. The maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). The lower CLs were replaced by zeros when negative.


annexII_info:
En este caso, los datos han sido proporcionados por la Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña. No se permite cazar esta especie durante la época reproductora por lo que probablemente los datos sean de capturas en la época de paso. 

La información procede de las Comunidades Autónomas, que deben enviar información para su incorporación en los Anuarios de Estadística Forestal, del antiguo Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, a nivel nacional. El periodo analizado transcurre desde el 2011 hasta el 2016, último año para el que se encuentra disponible la información.

Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Anuarios de Estadística Forestal. Periodo 2005-2016. (https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/estadisticas/forestal_anuarios_todos.aspx)


annexII_info:
chassée en Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Isère, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes du Haute-Provence, Drôme (anecdotique) et Alpes maritimes


annexII_info:
Data reported by hunters to State Forest Service.
No bird has been hunted between 2015 and 2017.


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 75; 95% CI 30 - 150. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
La chasse de la Perdrix bartavelle dans les Alpes est réglementée dans chaque département par un plan de chasse préfectoral. Elle est chassable de fin septembre au 11 novembre dans 6 départements sur 7 où elle est présente (pas de chasse dans la Drôme).


annexII_info:
Hunting bag - podaci dobiveni temeljem izracuna srednje vrijednosti za lovne godine 2012/2013 - 2017/2018, u lovištima u kojima je jarebica kamenjarka - grivna evidentirana, odnosno u kojima je zabilježen odstrjel (podaci iz Središnje lovne evidencije, https://sle.mps.hr).


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 4,700; 95% CI 2,200 - 8,100. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


annexII_info:
Die Jagdzeit begann im Jagdjahr 2015/16.


annexII_info:
The hunting bag statistics for Herring Gull also include the numbers of hunted Greater Black-backed Gulls. There is no information on the numbers of hunted individuals of these species separately.
National hunting statistics are found e.g. at https://stat.luke.fi/metsastys. The maximum/minimum hunting bag is the upper/lower 95% confidence limit of a hunting bag survey estimate (by Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke). The lower CLs were replaced by zeros when negative.


annexII_info:
Die Jagdstrecken enthalten z. T. Fallwild und Angaben, die nicht artspezifisch differenziert sind.
Angaben beziehen sich aufgrund fehlender Differenzierungsmöglichkeit auch auf die Unterart L. argentatus argenteus (A895)


annexII_info:
The UK has no statutory bag recording scheme, although some voluntarily reported data and information are available from other sources. Aebischer (2018; submitted) has estimated bags for 2012/13, based on calibrating the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust's National Gamebag Census against two extensive surveys of participants in sport shooting. For this species that estimate was 110; 95% CI 20 - 260. Further information on the recording of UK hunting bags is available at https://tinyurl.com/ybcmq2vj. Aebischer, N.J. (2018). How many birds are shot in the UK? GWCT Review 49: 42-43. Aebischer, N.J. (submitted). Fifty-year trends in UK hunting bags of birds and mammals, and calibrated estimation of national bag size, using GWCT's National Gamebag Census. European Journal of Wildlife Research.


# data_bmeasures

sub_unit:
W Europe & North-west Africa/Sub-Saharan Africa


sub_unit:
Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa


sub_unit:
[excluding meridionalis, but including koenigi]


sub_unit:
sensu stricto [excluding canariensis, ibericus and tristis]


# data_bmeasures_info

measures_info:
In Sachsen Entbuschung und Offenhaltung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften, ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätzen und Heiden, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP zur naturschutzgerechten Hütehaltung und Beweidung); in Sachsen-Anhalt Rückdrängung der Sukzession und Schaffung von Rohbodenflächen auf militärisch genutzten Liegenschaften, die derzeit ergriffenen Maßnahmen sind insbesondere auf nicht mehr militärisch genutzten Liegenschaften und außerhalb der Vogelschutzgebiete zur Erhaltung der Art nicht ausreichend; in Berlin ist die Erhaltung der Art nur im Rahmen von Kompensationsmaßnahmen möglich.


measures_info:
Project "Improving of the conservation status of specially protected bird species in Natura 2000 site "Adazi"" took place from 2013. till 2018. Tawny Pipit was one of the target species of the project.
The Nature Conservation Agency in 2018 commenced a monitoring programme at the coast for this species.
Habitats of the species are protected under the Rural Development Programme (through support payments for farmers) by defining biologically valuable grasslands for birds.


measures_info:
measures taken so far to restore former breeding locations have not been effective, more structural measues needed: reduction of N-emission and reduction of recreation activities in breeding habitat


measures_info:
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Ausden, M., Dixon, R., Lock, L., Moule, J., Nash, J., Newton, B., Thomas, M., White, G. & Tofts, W. 2016. Black-winged Stits in Britain: past, present and future. British Birds 109: 660-676.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
Natura 2000 Management Programme for the period 2015-2020  [http://www.natura2000.si/en/life-management/natura-2000-management-programme-for-the-period-2015-2020]


measures_info:
Main purpose:
53% of the reports - 	Maintain the current distribution, population and/or habitat for the species
43% of the reports - Increase the population size and/or improve population dynamics (improve reproduction success, reduce mortality, improve age/sex structure)


measures_info:
CF03: Management of disurbance at nesting sites


measures_info:
Dumbovic Mazal V., Pintar V., Zadravec M. (2019): Prvo izvješce o brojnosti i rasprostranjenosti ptica u Hrvatskoj sukladno odredbama Direktive o pticama.


measures_info:
In Sachsen Reduktion der Prädation von Wasservögeln durch Mink, Waschbär und Marderhund.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
CF01: No SPAs yet classified. When this occures, statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in these areas will occur
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 SPAs identified but not yet classified: SPAs identfied but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus.pdf


measures_info:
In Brandenburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Schleswig-Holstein Schutz der Brutplätze vor Ausmähen und Prädation (Einzäunung, Mahdaussparung); in Sachsen Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Lebensraums durch Revitalisierung von Feuchtgebieten, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP: Maßnahmen zur natur- und artenschutzgerechten Grünlandnutzung und Ackerbewirtschaftung, Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen, überwinternde Stoppel); in Rheinland-Pfalz wurde ein spezielles Artenhilfsprogramm 'Gefährdete Bodenbrüter' erarbeitet, Nestschutz ist im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert.


measures_info:
Species habitats are protected under the Rural Development Programme (through support payments for farmers) by defining biologically valuable grasslands for birds.


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 556-558.


measures_info:
In certain years when multiple paird breed in the Western paer of Romania, nest protection is implemented in order to avoid


measures_info:
increase habitat quality for prey (voles, passerines) in farmland / Direct protection of nests in agriculture field / take into account the feeding and nesting areas into the regional scheme wind power development / avoid illegal killing of raptors in some small game hunting estate
	Adapt management / Collaboration with agriculture / Interreg project 'Tous Eco-Citoyens', Plan Kiekendief (Regionaal Landschap Zuid-Hageland, https://www.rlzh.be/rlzh/projecten/biodiversiteit/plan-kiekendief/4832)


measures_info:
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere


measures_info:
40% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
Rönkä 2006: Dynamics, genetic structure and viability of a small and declining Temminck's Stint (Calidris temminckii) population. - Acta Universitatis Ouluensis 465.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG05: Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
évolution des effectifs en lien notamment avec les ressources alimentaires disponibles (activités des pêcheries commerciales, autres espèces de goélands actuellement en déclin), ce qui ne justifie a priori pas la nécessité de mesures de gestion particulières


measures_info:
profits from large nature reconversion projects


measures_info:
rien ne justifie a priori la mise en oeuvre de mesure de gestion


measures_info:
The information provided belongs to several communities


measures_info:
In Brandenburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen Maßnahmen zum Schutz und zur Sicherung der Bruthabitate, Erhalt von Höhlenbäumen (insbesondere Schwarzspechthöhlen in Buchen), Steuerung von Holzeinschlagsmaßnahmen im Bereich der Höhlenbäume, Belassen von Altholzinseln, Anbringung von Marder sicheren Nistkästen (häufig auch im Rahmen ehrenamtlicher Aktivitäten).


measures_info:
CL04: Refers to the disappearance of the dynamics of small mammalian populations
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.


measures_info:
Poursuivre la mise en place de la Trame écologique intra-forestière avec ses réserves forestières, ses Ilots de vieux bois et la conservation d'arbres habitats disséminés (dont les arbres à loge). Poursuivre l'utilisation de clauses restrictives aux travaux et exploitations pendant la période de reproduction.


measures_info:
application of the Circular to improve the forest biodiversity in public forest, incentive to do so in SPA private forest / nestbox placement


measures_info:
CA05: Appropriate hay meadow management on SSSIs and other areas
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.


measures_info:
In Sachsen Anlage bzw. Wiederherstellung von Obstbaumreihen, Hecken, Flurholzstreifen, Feldrainen und Waldrändern, Entbuschung von Offenlandflächen und deren Offenhaltung (Bergbaufolgelandschaft, ehemalige Truppenübungsplätze), Durchführung von Beweidungsprojekten und Ackerprojekten mit Verzicht auf Pflanzenschutzmittel; in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfkonzept 'Grauammer' erarbeitet. In Rheinland-Pfalz Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen v. a. durch Einsatz von EU-Förderprogrammen (ELER, Agrarumweltmaßnahmen). In Sachsen-Anhalt ist die Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen von Agrarförderprogrammen und des greenings flächenmäßig und qualitativ bisher völlig unzureichend, um den Rückgang der Art zu stoppen.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_EuropeanWhite-frontedGooseAnseralbifronsalbifrons.pdf


measures_info:
maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / habitat improvement for the species / non-huntable species


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen und Thüringen Bereitstellung von Äsungsflächen, Sicherung und Förderung des Grünlandes; in Nordrhein-Westfalen darüber hinaus lokale Reduzierung der Freizeitnutzung, Schutz der Schlafgewässer und Förderung störungsarmer Nahrungshabitate; in Sachsen Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP zur naturschutzgerechten Ackerbewirtschaftung, Belassen von Stoppeln und Ernterückständen).


measures_info:
Viktor Šegrt : Mogucnost reintrodukcije trcke skvržulje (Perdix perdix L.) u staništa kontinentalne Hrvatske (	Possibilities for reintroduction of the Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix L.) in to habitats of the continental part of Croatia), Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2016


measures_info:
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.


measures_info:
although current conservation status is favourable numbers have started to drop, measures needed to maintain population


measures_info:
The Netherlands holds just 1-2 breeding pairs annually, it has never been a stronghold for the species as a breeding bird.


measures_info:
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CA02: Good hedgerow management
CA15: Agri-environment schemes to encourage general dampness of farmland for foraging.
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
SPA ALYKES LARNAKAS "CY600000" Management Plan (Measures related to ensuring appropriate habitats for spa triggering species and Controlling of illegal or incompatible practices and unauthorized activities within SPA)


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Hoststein wurde eine freiwillige Vereinbarung mit den Ostseefischern zum Schutz von Schweinswalen und tauchenden Meeresenten vor dem Ertrinken in Stellnetzen in der Ostsee getroffen (Meidung der Nahrungsgebiete im Winter bei lokal gehäuftem Auftreten von Meeresenten; http://www.ostseeinfocenter.de/html/freiwillige_vereinbarung.html).


measures_info:
although species has increased and N2000 target is met, in particular in SW Delta measures are needed to maintain its habitat (area mudflats and rest); Here the species is reported as winter population. Note that the function of the Netherlands for this s


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG09 - Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
Re. CG09: The main regulatory measure taken has been the implementation of appropriate assessment to ensure that potential threats from development activities, within and outside of the Natura 2000 network, do not negatively impact on the conservation objectives of designated sites. This includes the assessment of planned aquaculture on a bay by bay basis.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CN02: Managed retreat of coastlines


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CB02: Maintain mature deciduous woodland


measures_info:
Captivity breeding results show that 559 chicks have been grown in captivity. Some of them have come back to breed in subsequent years.

Ths species was declared "in a critical situation" in 2018 by spanish ministry of ecological transition (https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2018-14181).


measures_info:
CB02: Maintain mature coniferous woodland


measures_info:
DAFM (2016) GLAS Specification for GLAS Tranche 3. Department of Agriculture, Food & the Marine.
Current Twite measures under GLAS (Rural Development Programme 2014-2020).  The list of current conservation measures under this scheme are listed above with a payment rate of €375/ha/yr for Twite A actions and €900 ha/yr for Twite B actions.   By October 2018, a total 418 farmers covering 3,628 ha had signed up to the scheme.

GLAS has two different prescriptionds for Twite depending on the type of vegetation and species mix that exist on the LPIS parcels selected for this action under GLAS.


measures_info:
CA01: Prevention of loss, to agricultural intensification, of lowland wet grassland and upland in-bye
CA05: Agri-environment schemes to create and manage grassland to provide seed resource
CL01: Agri-environment schemes for moorland management
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CA02: Good hedgerow management
CB03: Traditional copice management in woodlands with nature reserves, SSSIs and elsewhere. Fuller, R.J. & Warren, M.S. 1990. Coppiced woodlands: their management for wildlife. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 32 pp.


measures_info:
In Brandenburg wird die Jagdverschonung als notwendig erachtet.


measures_info:
Ecsedi Z. (2004): A Hortobágy madárvilága. Hortobágy Természetvédelmi Egyesület, Winter Fair, Balmazújváros-Szeged, 602 p.


measures_info:
Las medidas mencionadas corresponden a la Comunidad Valenciana.


measures_info:
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.
CB03: Traditional copice management in woodlands with nature reserves, SSSIs and elsewhere. Fuller, R.J. & Warren, M.S. 1990. Coppiced woodlands: their management for wildlife. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 32 pp.


measures_info:
Se ha llevado a cabo el Proyecto GALLIPYR "Red Pirenaica de Galliformes de Montaña", financiado en el marco del Programa Operacional de Cooperación Territorial España-Francia-Andorra-POCTEFA 2007-2013, y con una duración de 3 años (dic.2008 - nov.2011).

Según el Atlas de Aves Reproductoras (Martí y del Moral, 2003) se requiere un Plan Nacional de Conservación basado en los siguientes puntos: seguimiento poblacional estricto como un indicador ambiental (endemismo taxonómico) del cambio climático; protección de zonas de alta densidad, que actuarán como fuente de excedentes (en caso de que se produzcan); seguimiento de nuevos proyectos turísticos de invierno; regulación del uso turístico en zonas sensibles; adecuación de infraestructuras (visualizadores de tendidos existentes, enterramiento de futuros tendidos, control de desperdicios orgánicos para evitar depredadores como zorros y córvidos), y desarrollar una campaña de educación e información sobre la importancia biológica y patrimonial de una especie ártica en un país mediterráneo.


measures_info:
Les travaux de gestion/restauration de milieux d'altitude qui bénéficient à la Perdrix bartavelle sont en général des opérations d'amélioration pastorale d'alpages à des fins d'entretien ou de réouverture des milieux.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands; Shiants https://www.rspb.org.uk/about-the-rspb/about-us/media-centre/press-releases/first-storm-petrel-chick-for-shiant-isles/


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
plus de détails dans ONCFS 2012 PLAN NATIONAL DE GESTION (2016-2020) Nette rousse (Netta rufina). En particulier, les mesures nécessaires inclueraient: la labellisation des domaines de chasse pratiquant une chasse durable, l'inscription du Forez et de la Dombes à la convention de Ramsar, le suivi des prélèvements cynégétiques, un suivi quantifié des infractions pour usage de munitions toxiques en zones humides.


measures_info:
les effectifs de l'espèce étant en croissance en reproduction en France, la seule mesure importante consisterait à conserver les zones humides naturelles et celles utilisées de façon extensive pour la pisciculture, la chasse ou l'élevage. plus de détails dans ONCFS 2012 PLAN NATIONAL DE GESTION (2016-2020) Nette rousse (Netta rufina). En particulier, les mesures nécessaires incluraient: la labellisation des domaines de chasse pratiquant une chasse durable, l'inscription du Forez et de la Dombes à la convention de Ramsar, un suivi quantifié des infractions pour usage de munitions toxiques en zones humides.


measures_info:
la France étant située entre les pays (UE et hors UE) les plus importants pour la population ouest-européenne de l'espèce (Suisse, Allemagne, Espagne), la seule mesure importante consisterait à conserver les grandes zones humides, c'est à dire les habitats d'accueil en migration. plus de détails dans ONCFS 2012 PLAN NATIONAL DE GESTION (2016-2020) Nette rousse (Netta rufina). En particulier, les mesures nécessaires incluraient: la labellisation des domaines de chasse pratiquant une chasse durable, l'inscription du Forez et de la Dombes à la convention de Ramsar, le suivi des prélèvements cynégétiques, un suivi quantifié des infractions pour usage de munitions toxiques en zones humides.


measures_info:
SPA ZONI EIDIKIS PROSTASIAS LIMNI OROKLINIS "	CY600001"  Management Plan (Measures related to the management of the quantitative status of the lake)


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Habitatverbesserung durch Förderung von Feuchtgebieten und Röhrichten


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CE01 - Reduce impact of transport operation and infrastructure
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)


measures_info:
restore coppice management instead of high forest, or leave a large portion of the forest in natural succession (including both Early Successionnal Stage and Late decaying stage) / prevent overdensity of wild boar / stop artificial feeding for game (wildboar) and red deer / Ex-situ breeding program is urgently needed to save the last individual of the subspecies rhenana. Last known breeding population is the Vosges. There are plans for ex-situ breeding program but they all depend on the will of French Authorities to adopt urgent measure to save this taxa / support ex-situ program of captive breeding of the last individual of the subspecies rhenana (see PAQUET, J.-Y. & RYELANDT, P. (2018): Le statut récent de la Gélinotte des bois Tetrastes bonasia rhenana en Belgique: une espèce-fantôme ou un joyau encore à sauver ? Aves, 55: 125-133.)


measures_info:
Restriction of hunting times has been applied depending on the season's population size (based on extensive census).

Instructions to forestry have been given.


measures_info:
Strazds M., Kerus V. (2017). [Action Plan fot the Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia) in Latvia for the period 2017.–2026.] (in Latvian). Latvian Ornithological society: https://www.daba.gov.lv/upload/File/DOC/SAP_mezirbe_17_LV.pdf


measures_info:
In Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfskonzept erarbeitet, die Unterart rhenana steht dort unmittelbar vor dem Aussterben; Nordrhein-Westfalen hält insbesondere die Fortführung der Niederwaldbewirtschaftung und Wiederbelebung der alten Bewirtschaftung für erforderlich. Im Saarland ist das Haselhuhn möglicherweise bereits vor dem aktuellen Berichtszeitraum als Brutvogel ausgestorben.


measures_info:
En 2015, en La Rioja, se convocó una medida agroambiental denominada “Mejora del hábitat para la protección de las aves esteparias” Orden 25/2015, de 5 de junio, de la Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Medio Ambiente (BOR nº 74, 8 junio 2015).

En 2017 se aprobó una línea de subvenciones para la protección de las zonas de nidificación del sisón en La Rioja durante la época de cría (Orden 14/2017, BOR nº 105, de 11 de septiembre de 2017) para evitar el labrado de barbechos en torno a los cantaderos localizados cada temporada.
(https://ias1.larioja.org//cex/sistemas/GenericoServlet?servlet=cex.sistemas.dyn.portal.ImgServletSis&code=oumCvWIgBUF6lChv9ZDgP%2FhXhSM%2FFmcHi754Gxf1OavApHyqPVxRsoD%2BHW0E2YV6LEXZYSr1AOGP%0AJcKFWdpVuBpSMbN%2BgVNlf%2F5wfx5pENs%3D&&&)

Giralt et al., 2018. Manual de gestión de barbechos para la conservación de las aves esteparias. Fundación Biodiversidad-CTFC, Lerida.

Martínez C. 2005.  Distribución, abundancia, requerimientos de hábitat y conservación de aves esteparias de interés especial en Castilla-La Mancha. Monografías del Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Nº 22. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid.

Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J. C. (Eds.) 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad-SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.

Plan de Gestión de Ambientes Esteparios de Castilla-La Mancha. 
http://www.castillalamancha.es/gobierno/agrimedambydesrur/estructura/dgapfyen/rednatura2000/ZEPA_Ambientes_Aves_esteparias

Navarra: Orden Foral 61/2018, de 27 de febrero de 2018, de la Consejera de Desarrollo Rural, Medio Ambiente y Administración Local, por la que se establece el régimen general para la concesión, gestión y control en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra de ayudas agroambiente y clima (medida 10) y agricultura ecológica (medida 11), incluidas en el Programa de Desarrollo Rural de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra 2014-2020: 
- Ayuda a la Mejora de hábitats agrarios esteparios.
- Ayuda a la Mejora del hábitat estepario del sisón y la avutarda.


measures_info:
The Nature Conservation Agency in 2018 commenced a monitoring programme at the coast for this species.


measures_info:
CC07: Restoration of sand/gravel pits
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies
CL01: Lloyd, J. & Friese, J. 2013. Little Ringed Plovers in southwest Wales. British Birds 106: 30-35.


measures_info:
although species has increased and N2000 target is met, in particular in SW Delta measures are needed to maintain its habitat (area mudflats and rest)


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Strategic approaches to managing recreational disturbance in SPAs, eg in Solent and Humber
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CN02: Managed retreat of coastlines
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CL04: Refers to the disappearance of the dynamics of small mammalian populations


measures_info:
Other measures identified, but none yet taken:
CL01 - Management of habitats (others than agriculture and forest) to slow, stop or reverse natural processes
CC04 - Reduce impact of hydropower operation and infrastructure
CC09 - Manage/reduce/eliminate diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from resource exploitation and energy production
CF04 - Reduce/eliminate point source pollution to surface or ground waters from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities
CA11 - Reduce diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from agricultural activities


measures_info:
CA05: Targeted agri-environment schemes to retain and restore grazed grassland on in-bye land near moorland.
CL01: Moorland management
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:

CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CA09 - Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural (plant and animal) production
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
insufficient measures to restore habitat in farmland have been taken; Here the species is reported as winter population. Note that the function of the Netherlands for this species is more important during passage.


measures_info:
In Thüringen Regulation des Stauregimes von Wasserspeichern, Schaffung  von Schlammflächen


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
EU Management Plan with actions relevant to the UK that have not been implemented (e.g. action 1 Publications/web-pages with official bag statistics in Member States available by 2011).
Suite of SPAs assessed as ecologically insufficient: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
take into account the feeding and nesting areas into the regional scheme wind power development
restoration of habitat through adapted management / manage/restore hydrological regime / avoid damage to nests


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CA15 - Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CA06 - Stop mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CC07 - Habitat restoration/cration from  resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure
CH03 - Reduce impact of other specific human actions


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island


measures_info:
although species is stable and N2000 target is met, in particular in SW Delta measures are needed to maintain its habitat (area mudflats and rest)


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_GreatCrestedGrebePodicepscristatus(non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CE01 - Reduce impact of transport operation and infrastructure
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
CC03: Spatial planning of wind farms in foraging areas
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF08: Measures to reduce input of plastics into the marine environment
CG05: Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.


measures_info:
Eine große Gefahr stellt die Verwendung von Netzresten beim Nestbau auf Helgoland da (Tiere verfangen sich).


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
CA03: Measures to maintain insect-rich landscapes


measures_info:
Programa Swallow Project de EURING.

Ave del Año 2014, SEO/BIrdLife.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified as important for Ireland, but not yet taken to any significant degree:

CA05 Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CA09 Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural production


measures_info:
In Berlin Zurückdrängung der Sukzession auf Brachflächen; in Sachen Habitatverbesserung durch Offenhaltung von Heiden der Bergbaufolgelandschaft und von ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätzen (Entbuschung/Gehölzbeseitigung, Biotopsanierung durch Mahd), Aufbau eines Biotopverbunds, Anlage und Sanierung von Hecken, Wiederherstellung von Obstbaumreihen, Feldrainen, Flurholzstreifen und Waldrändern, Sanierung von Steinrücken, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen von Beweidungsprojekten und Ackerprojekten mit Verzicht auf Pflanzenschutzmittel; in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Braunkehlchen' erarbeitet; in Schleswig-Holstein laufen aktuell Untersuchungen im Rahmen des Projekts 'Braunkehlchen in Schleswig-Holstein' des Michael-Otto-Instituts im NABU, auf dessen Grundlage ein landesweites Schutzkonzept erarbeitet werden soll (https://bergenhusen.nabu.de/forschung/braunkehlchen/index.html); in Sachsen-Anhalt sind die derzeit ergriffenen Maßnahmen nicht ausreichend, um den starken Rückgang der Art zu stoppen und umzukehren. Zur Sicherung eines günstigen Erhaltungszustandes der Art sind die zeitnahe Umsetzung eines Sets von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen und eine intensive Gebietskontrolle zur Abstimmung mit Landwirten notwendig.


measures_info:
rigorous measures needed related to farming practices, taken measures insufficient to restore population numbers. Small scale hydrological measures in meadow nature reserves in Drenthe resulted in local increase of numbers


measures_info:
There are several current projects for the species in Austria, e. g. in the Lungau (Salzburg)


measures_info:
Cabe destacar la dificultad que entraña la conservación de esta especie ya que esencialmente ocupa hábitats caracterizados por su transitoriedad, tales como las primeras fases del abandono de las campiñas, los matorrales jóvenes mantenidos por la acción del fuego o resultado de la colonización de arbustos alóctonos (Cortaderia selloana y Baccharis halimifolia) y algunas plantaciones forestales muy jóvenes (Martí y del Moral, 2003).


measures_info:
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.


measures_info:
Grupo de trabajo de la focha moruna (2013). Estrategia para la conservación de la cerceta pardilla (Marmaronetta angustirostris), focha moruna (Fulica cristata) y malvasía cabeciblanca (Oxyura leucocephala) en España. (https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/publicaciones/pbl_estrategia_cerceta_focha_malvasia_tcm30-197259.pdf)


measures_info:
Habitats of the species are protected under the Rural Development Programme (through support payments for farmers) by defining biologically valuable grasslands for birds.


measures_info:
Measures delivered via mechanisms that include the following:
DAFM GLAS Breeding Wader Measure: https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/farmingschemesandpayments/glastranche1/GLASTranche1Spec161015.pdf
RBAPS Breeding Wader measure: https://rbaps.eu/pilot-areas/rbaps-measures-in-ireland/shannon-callows/breeding-waders/ . 
NPWS Farm Plan Scheme: https://www.npws.ie/farmers-and-landowners/schemes/npws-farm-plan-scheme

The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree, and are likely required in the future:
CA15 - Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CA07 - Recreate Annex I agricultural habitats
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CC02 - Adapt/manage exploitation of energy resources
CC07 - Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure
CC07 - Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure.
CA09 - Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural (plant and animal) production


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures
CG09 - Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
Re. CG09: The main regulatory measure taken has been the implementation of appropriate assessment to ensure that potential threats from development activities, within and outside of the Natura 2000 network, do not negatively impact on the conservation objectives of designated sites. This includes the assessment of planned aquaculture on a bay by bay basis.


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
Suite of SPAs assessed as ecologically insufficient: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CA01: Prevention of loss, to agricultural intensification, of lowland wet grassland and upland in-bye
CA03: Agri-environment support of low-intensity agricultural systems
CA04: Agri-environment support of low-intensity agricultural systems
CA05: Appropriate hay meadow management and low intensity cattle grazing on SSSIs and other areas
CA09: Maintenance of low intensity hay meadow management systems, with low nutrient inputs, in SSSIs
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882. Bright, J.A., Morris, A.J., Field, R.H., Cooke, A.I., Grice, P.V., Walker, L.K., Fern, J., Peach, W.J. 2015. Higher-tier agri-environment scheme enhances breeding densities of some priority farmland birds in England. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 203: 69-79.
CI03: Hedgehog control on the Outer Hebrides
CI05: Predator control on reserves and elsewhere including for management of game
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen Schutz von Nestern und Jungvögeln (Abstecken von Schutzbereichen, Einschränkung der Bewirtschaftung); in Schleswig-Holstein läuft seit 2013 in sechs Gebieten erfolgreich das Projekt 'Gemeinschaftlicher Wiesenschutz' (https://bergenhusen.nabu.de/forschung/wiesenvoegel/index.html) des Michael-Otto-Instituts im NABU, wobei Landwirte bei Anpassung der Bewirtschaftung an die Brutzeit Ausgleichszahlungen erhalten, bereits seit 2007 führt das Institut Forschungen zum Schutz des Kiebitzes durch (https://bergenhusen.nabu.de/forschung/kiebitz/index.html). In Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Themen/V/vertragsnaturschutz.html; sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP, Maßnahmen zur naturschutzgerechten Ackerbewirtschaftung und Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen); in Sachsen zudem Maßnahmen zur Habitatverbesserung im Rahmen der Moorrevitalisierung; in Rheinland-Pfalz wurde das Artenhilfsprogramm 'Gefährdete Bodenbrüter' aufgelegt. In Sachsen-Anhalt sind die Maßnahmen bislang zu lokal und zu wenig effizient, als dass sie die Bestandssituation tatsächlich verbessern könnten.


measures_info:
En España se ha adoptado un Plan Nacional para la especie:
Grupo de Trabajo del urogallo cantábrico (2004). Estrategia para la conservación del urogallo cantábrico (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) en España. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, 21pp. (https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/publicaciones/pbl_estrategia_urogallo_cantabrico_tcm30-197267.pdf)


measures_info:
Hunting moratorium was applied during the the period.
Restoration of mires and wetlands.


measures_info:
flyway population in decline, pressures unknowm


measures_info:
CA05: Appropriate grazing regime needed in Norfolk Broads SPA to address species decline
CC03: Some spatial planning of wind farms in the Slamannan area have taken into account Bean Goose distribution.
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_BeanGoose(Taigarace)Anserfabalisfabalis.pdf


measures_info:
In Sachsen Beschränkung der Bejagung, Verbesserung des Lebensraums durch Erhaltung von Äsungsflächen; in Schleswig-Holstein seit 2014 Einstellung der Jagd auf die Tundrasaatgans wegen Verwechslungsgefahr mit Waldsaatgans; Jagverschonung wird auch in Brandenburg für notwendig erachtet.


measures_info:
restoration of habitat through adapted management / avoid damage to nests / manage/restore hydrological regime / non-huntable species/ can profit from LIFE Delta


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution


measures_info:
Tutiš, V., Kralj, J., Radovic, D., Cikovic, D., Barišic, S. (ur.) (2013): Crvena knjiga ptica Hrvatske. Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, Zagreb, 258 str.


measures_info:
Dumbovic Mazal V., Pintar V., Zadravec M. (2019): Prvo izvješce o brojnosti i rasprostranjenosti ptica u Hrvatskoj sukladno odredbama Direktive o pticama.
Tutiš, V., Kralj, J., Radovic, D., Cikovic, D., Barišic, S. (ur.) (2013): Crvena knjiga ptica Hrvatske. Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, Zagreb, 258 str.


measures_info:
Effectif trop faible et distribution trop aléatoire pour envisager des mesures de conservation locales


measures_info:
Tiny breeding population in the Netherlands at the northern edge of its range.


measures_info:
non-huntable species/ can profit from LIFE Delta


measures_info:
Dumbovic Mazal V., Pintar V., Zadravec M. (2019): Prvo izvješce o brojnosti i rasprostranjenosti ptica u Hrvatskoj sukladno odredbama Direktive o pticama.

Tutiš, V., Kralj, J., Radovic, D., Cikovic, D., Barišic, S. (ur.) (2013): Crvena knjiga ptica Hrvatske. Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode, Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, Zagreb, 258 str.


measures_info:
In Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Kleine Rallen' erarbeitet; in Sachsen-Anhalt nur kleine und unregelmäßige Reviervorkommen (Bruten bislang nicht belegt), eine Ausweitung der Verbreitung und des Bestands wären naturschutzfachlich notwendig.


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Hoststein wurde eine freiwillige Vereinbarung mit den Ostseefischern zum Schutz von Schweinswalen und  tauchenden Meeresenten vor dem Ertrinken in Stellnetzen in der Ostsee getroffen (Meidung der Nahrungsgebiete im Winter bei lokal gehäuftem Auftreten von Meeresenten, http://www.ostseeinfocenter.de/html/freiwillige_vereinbarung.html).


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA03 - Maintain existing extensive agricultural practices and agricultural landscape features
CA04 - Reinstate appropriate agricultural practices to address abandonment, including mowing, grazing, burning or equivalent measures
CA11 - Reduce diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from agricultural activities
CL04 - Other measures related to natural processes
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI05: Additional work that has been carried out includes predator control at core part of range


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.
CF08: Measures to reduce input of plastics into the marine environment
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_FulmarFulmaru glaciali (breeding).pdf


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 SPAs identified but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Little Egret Egretta garzetta (breeding).pdf


measures_info:
Take advantage indirectly of specific measures implemented for Botaurus stellaris and Ixobrychus minutus.
restore ecohydrology / habitat improvement / restoration of habitat through adapted management / maintain extensive management practices : mitigate or manage impact drainage operations / goals set in LIFE


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Little Egret Egretta garzetta (non-breeding).pdf
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 515-517.


measures_info:
Protection of the resting areas of migratory species Ardeola ralloides, Plegadis falcinellus, Egretta garzetta on the Akamas CY4000023 SPA coastline (Akamas SPA Management Plan)
Placing of reflective markings on electrical cables (CY6000010, CY3000007, CY3000002, CY5000011, CY6000008, CY5000010, CY4000023, CY4000019, CY4000016, CY2000006, CY4000021, CY4000018, CY4000007 SPA Management Plans)


measures_info:
[1] National SAP. 2018. https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/must_toonekure_kaitse_tegevuskava.pdf


measures_info:
Plan de Recuperación de la cigüeña negra (Ciconia nigra) en Extremadura. (http://www.juntaex.es/filescms/con03/uploaded_files/Transparencia/Plan_ciguena_negra_revisado_enero2018.pdf)


measures_info:
Establish protected areas/sites
Legal protection of habitats and species
Restoring/improving water quality
Adapt forest management
Other wetland-related measures


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen Sicherung und Schutz störungsarmer Brutplätze durch Etablierung von Horstschutzzonen, Horstbetreuung  und Horstüberwachung; in Rheinland-Pfalz und Schleswig-Holstein ist der Nestschutz bzw. die Einrichtung von Horstschutzzonen im jeweiligen Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert; in Schleswig-Holstein Errichtung von Kunsthorsten in ungestörten Wäldern, Schaffung von Ruhezonen im Horstumfeld in den Landesforsten (https://www.schleswig-hol-stein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/N/natura2000/Downloads/handlungsgrundsaetzeWald.pdf?__blob=). In Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen und Thüringen Neuanlage bzw. Wiederherstellung von Nahrungshabitaten, Gewässerrenaturierung, Entfichtung von Gewässern; in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Schwarzstorch' erarbeitet. Im Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (§41) ist der Schutz vor Stromschlag an Energiefreileitungen verankert.


measures_info:
The breeding sites of the species are protected by establishing microreserves.
Latvian Fund for Nature is deploying online webcams at nests of the species for educational and research purposes.


measures_info:
application of the Circular to improve the forest biodiversity in public forest, incentive to do so in SPA private forest
development alluvial forest / adapt/manage forest regeneration / goals set in Life Grote Netewoud


measures_info:
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CC03: Some small wind farms at the Ouse Washes have been rejected because of their proximity to feeding Bewick's Swan feeding areas
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG04: Species included in WWT/AEWA illegal shooting project
CG06: Legal constraints of use of lead gunshot in wetlands ineffective
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_BewicksSwanCygnuscolumbianusbewickii.pdf


measures_info:
hydrological measures and reduction of disturbanve could result in some recovery of numbers, but main causes of decline outside Netherlands


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung und Förderung des Grünlandes in Gewässernähe, Reduzierung der Störungen, die aufgrund der Jagd auf Höckerschwan und weitere Arten verursacht werden; in Schleswig-Holstein Erhaltung störungsarmer Grünlandgebiete (Tabukriterium bei der Regionalplanung Windkraft).


measures_info:
According to the situation n 2017, there are ca 9700 hectares of coastal meadows and 77 000 hectares alluvial meadows in constant management. Also, ca 1000 hectares of coastal medows and ca 600 hectares of alluvial meadows are being restored.


measures_info:
ensure the disponibility of favorable crops for feeding in wintering sites (i.e. rapeseed) / take into account the feeding and nesting areas into the regional scheme wind power development
maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / restoration of habitat through adapted management / habitat improvement for the species


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Verbesserung des Nahrungsangebots durch Förderung von Dauergrünland in Gewässernähe


measures_info:
habitat improvement for the species / avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / non-huntable species


measures_info:
Climate Change National adaptation strategy & National adaptation plan
http://www.moa.gov.cy/moa/environment/environmentnew.nsf/All/C15CD89954708638C2257FF1003494BD?OpenDocument


measures_info:
56% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
59% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CG04 - Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting. 
Currently the R.A.P.T.O.R. Protocol records reported incidents for persecution, killing and illegal poisoning.  No further measures in terms of control/eradication.

CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation.  There have been a number of reported incidents of fatalities (Crowe 2019), and with likely range expansion for Red Kites in Ireland, this conflict is likely to continue and to increase in magnitude.  



Please refer to Crowe (2019) for supporting information.


measures_info:
prevent conversion of grassland to arable land / Campaing against poison (direct or indirect effect, by predator-oriented poisening, or rodenticide
restoration small landscape features / maintain extensive management practices


measures_info:
The breeding sites of the species are protected by establishing microreserves.


measures_info:
CA09: Reduce impacts of rodenticides
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
http://www.lifesavetheflyers.it
Project LIFE+ ANTIDOTO (http://www.gransassolagapark.it)


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung und Schutz der Brutplätze; in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen Verbesserung der Nahrungshabitate durch Sicherung und Förderung des Dauergrünlandes, Biotopsanierung durch Mahd, Anlage von Feldgehölzen, Umwandlung von Acker in Grünland; in Sachsen Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP: Maßnahmen zur naturschutzgerechten Grünlandnutzung und Ackerbewirtschaftung, Staffelmahd, Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen, überwinternde Stoppel); in Schleswig-Holstein Entwicklung einer speziellen 'Milan-Variante' im Rahmen des Vertragsnaturschutzes für Ackerlebensräume (https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/V/vertragsnaturschutz/Downloads/Ackerlebensraeume.pdf;jsessionid=EC406F498A3FD27028D300C4D51D9341?__blob=pub); in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfkonzept 'Rotmilan' erarbeitet. In Sachsen-Anhalt Maßnahmen bislang nicht ausreichend, Rückgang hält weiter an.


measures_info:
increase habitat quality for prey (voles, passerines) in farmland / Direct protection of nests in agriculture field / take into account the feeding and nesting areas into the regional scheme wind power development / avoid illegal killing of raptors in some small game hunting estate


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution
CI03: Proposed Stoat control on Orkney
CL01: Moorland management
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
species is facing extinction in the Netherlands, although some measures have been taken in the remaining breeding area, more measures in particularly related to farming are needed


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
In Rheinland-Pfalz wurde ein spezielles Artenhilfsprogramm 'Gefährdete Bodenbrüter' erarbeitet, Nestschutz ist im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert.


measures_info:
A number of measures are currently in process including:
- A Draft Threat Response Plan for the Hen Harrier 2018-2022 (Prepared by the Department of Culture, Heritage & the Gaeltacht in consultation with The Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, The Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment and The Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government).
- The Hen Harrier Project is an EIP (European Innovation Partnership) 
Locally Led Scheme.  
 The Project is funded by the Dept. of Agriculture, Food and the Marine as part of Ireland's Rural Development Programme 2014-2020.
For more information on the measures employed by the Hen Harrier Project, please refer to http://henharrierproject.ie/

In addition, please find outlined below a list of other conservation measures which are considered to be relevant in addressing the current pressures and future threats faced by breeding Hen Harriers in Ireland:
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CA07 - Recreate Annex I agricultural habitats
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CC07 - Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure
CH08 - Reduce impact of other specific human actions
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CL04 – Other measures related to natural processes


measures_info:
The pressures/threats listed are those considered to be of medium/high ranking importance for wintering Hen Harriers.  In addition, the following pressures/threats are currently ranked as low:
C01 - Extraction of minerals (e.g. rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) - relevant to wintering harriers
G10 - Illegal shooting/killing - considered a lower pressure/threat to wintering populations away from breeding grounds
F07 - Sports, tourism and leisure activities - in particular disturbance by humans as a result of those activities

Measures currently in process:
 - A Draft Threat Response Plan for the Hen Harrier 2018-2022 (Prepared by the Department of Culture, Heritage & the Gaeltacht in consultation with The Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, The Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment and The Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government).


measures_info:
Kék vércse fajmegorzési terv 2018 (Species Action Plan), MME/BirdLife Hungary, unpublished. 
Palatitz P. Solt Sz. és Fehérvári P. (szerk.) (2018): Kék könyv. A kék vércse ökológiája és megorzése. Budapest. MME. 240 p.
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 569-572.


measures_info:
Measures taken: Maintenance of several hundreds of artificial nests mounted within the LIFE05 NAT/H/000122 project (CS03); Measures taken to avoid logging in breeding and roosting habitats (CH03, CB07); Maintain the ban period for hunting on Rook to overlap with the breeding season of the Red-footed Falcon (CS04); AES for pastures as Red-footed Falcon and Lesser Grey Shrike habitat protection was available in the whole reporting period (CA01)


measures_info:
Protection of the nesting areas of Falco eleonorae within CY5000005 SPA (CY5000005 SPA Management Plan)


measures_info:
CB14: Restoration of peatland impacted by past coniferous afforestation
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI05: Predator control on reserves and elsewhere including for management of game
CJ03: Additional work that has been carried out includes habitat restoration work - forest removal - Flow Country and other peatland restoration projects


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG09 - Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
Re. CG09: The main regulatory measure taken has been the implementation of appropriate assessment to ensure that potential threats from development activities, within and outside of the Natura 2000 network, do not negatively impact on the conservation objectives of designated sites. This includes the assessment of planned aquaculture on a bay by bay basis.


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.
CG05: Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.


measures_info:
La ganga ibérica debe tener una cierta prioridad en su conservación a causa de que las principales poblaciones de la UE se encuentran en España (Madroño et al., 2004).


measures_info:
Les mesures ne sont plus nécessaires, l'espèce est malheureusement éteinte.


measures_info:
CB15 - Preventing the conversion of semi-natural alluvial forest into poplar plantation.


measures_info:
A Red Grouse Species Action Plan (https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/2013_RedGrouse_SAP.pdf)  was completed in 2013 by the National Red Grouse Steering Committee and supported by the Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (now known as Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht). 

This national plan sets out the background to the species decline, the challenges facing conservation efforts, the pressures the population is under and a framework for action to deliver conservation measures for Red Grouse in Ireland.  Since the plan was published, progress has largely been limited to local programmes of habitat management and predator control to support/re-instate local populations e.g. Boleybrack, Co. Leitrim (please refer to measures listed above).  The aim of these projects is to maintain and improve the existing habitat for Red Grouse and to support breeding pairs, through habitat management (including grazing, flailing of heather and/or strip/patch managed burning of heather [adhering to current dates that allow burning from Sept 1st through to Feb 29th inclusive]) and provision of some predator (e.g. foxes, mink) control measures.

GLAS Scheme: Green Low-carbon Agri-environment Scheme (GLAS) - Commonage Plans which define stocking levels for participant farmers.  For more information please refer to:
https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/farmingschemesandpayments/glastranche1/GuidecompletionGLASCommonagePlan260815.pdf

Conservation measures identified, but not yet carried out to any significant degree include:
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities (see also GLAS Commonages measure)
CA15 - Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
CA07 - Recreate Annex 1 agricultural habitats
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-) natural forests into intensive forest plantation.
CC01 - Adapt/manage extraction of non-energy resources
CC02 - Adapt/manage extraction of energy resources
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change mitigation measures.


sub_unit:
[including degener, hedwigii, ombriosus, palmensis and ultramarinus]


sub_unit:
sensu stricto [excluding canariensis, ibericus and tristis]

measures_info:
CB03: Traditional copice management in woodlands with nature reserves, SSSIs and elsewhere. Fuller, R.J. & Warren, M.S. 1990. Coppiced woodlands: their management for wildlife. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 32 pp.


measures_info:
Trocchi V., Riga F., Meriggi A., Toso S., 2016 (a cura di). Piano d’azione
nazionale per la Starna (Perdix perdix). Quad. Cons. Natura, 39 MATTM –
ISPRA, Roma.


measures_info:
DAFM (2016) GLAS Specification for GLAS Tranche 3. Department of Agriculture, Food & the Marine.

Current Grey Partridge measure under GLAS (Rural Development Programme 2014-2020). A number of local Grey Partridge projects including at: Boora, Co. Offaly, Castlegrange Farm, Co. Wicklow and Inch Island, Co. Donegal.
The list of current conservation measures under this scheme are listed above.

In addition, the following conservation measures are likely to benefit the existing population:
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-) natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CL04 - Other measures related to natural processes


measures_info:
CA02: Agri-environment schemes for management of hedgerows, ponds, edges round fields. Also Targeted agri-environment scheme measures - hedgerows for nesting and margins around arable land
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures for arable management, eg low input cereals, planting of wild bird seed mixes, overwinter stubbles: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882. Bright, J.A., Morris, A.J., Field, R.H., Cooke, A.I., Grice, P.V., Walker, L.K., Fern, J., Peach, W.J. 2015. Higher-tier agri-environment scheme enhances breeding densities of some priority farmland birds in England. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 203: 69-79.


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen und Thüringen Erhaltung von Biotopbäumen und stehendem Totholz, Förderung von Totholzstrukturen und Alteichen; in Schleswig-Holstein Erhaltung störungsarmer Bereiche in Natura 2000-Gebieten des Landesforsts (https://www.schleswigholstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/N/natura2000/Downloads/handlungsgrundsaetzeWald.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3).


measures_info:
application of the Circular to improve the forest biodiversity in public forest, incentive to do so in SPA private forest
reinstate/adapt forest management


measures_info:
Has recolonised Netherlands naturally, and is expanding across foresthabitat in the Netherlands


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein blieben Aussetzungsversuche der Jägerschaft in den vergangenen Jahren erfolglos, da der Lebensraum offenbar nicht mehr geeignet ist. Naturschutzfachlich werden weitere Aussetzungsversuche unter den derzeit gegebenen Umständen nicht befürwortet. Die Art gilt auch in Sachsen-Anhalt als ausgestorben; ob eine Wiederansiedlung hier sinnvoll und erfolgversprechend ist, scheint ebenfalls fraglich und wurde bislang nicht untersucht. In Brandenburg ist die Art seit 2008 ausgestorben.


measures_info:
Restriction of hunting times has been applied depending on the season's population size (based on extensive census).


measures_info:
Quite some measures have been taken to recover the tiny population at one location, including reintroduction and habitat restoration, but so far these efforts have been unsuccessful. Structural large scale measures to recover heath habitat (reduction of N


measures_info:
restore heatlands and peatbogs / restoring hydrology of specific habitat features (peatlands, moors) / stop artificial feeding for game (wildboar) / control of predation in the last breeding / Reinforcement program in the Hautes-Fagnes reserve


measures_info:
Project "Improving of the conservation status of specially protected bird species in Natura 2000 site "Adazi"" took place from 2013. till 2018. Black Grouse was one of the target species of the project.
Species habitats are protected under the Rural Development Programme (through support payments for farmers) by defining biologically valuable grasslands for birds.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies


measures_info:
A ce stade pas de mesures particulières à formuler. La situation pourrait changer dans les années à venir si les effectifs venaient à chuter fortement.


measures_info:
protection measurements against natural predators / protection breeding sites / management of population in specific areas


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CG09 - Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
Re. CG09: The main regulatory measure taken has been the implementation of appropriate assessment to ensure that potential threats from development activities, within and outside of the Natura 2000 network, do not negatively impact on the conservation objectives of designated sites. This includes the assessment of planned aquaculture on a bay by bay basis.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)


measures_info:
CF03: Management of disurbance at nesting colonies


measures_info:
protect breeding colonies in spruce-forests


measures_info:
Cette espèce déjà protégée, sans doute la plus adaptable parmi les hérons, ne paraît pas prioritaire en France aujourd'hui pour la mise en oeuvre de mesure de gestion.


measures_info:
ensure the disponibility of favorable crops for feeding in wintering sites (i.e. rapeseed) / take into account the feeding and nesting areas into the regional scheme wind power development


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Reduzierung der Jagd auf Höckerschwäne und weitere Arten (Störungsreduktion); in Sachsen Steuerung der landwirtschaftlichen Bewirtschaftung auf Nahrungsflächen (ins. 200 ha); in Nordrhein-Westfalen Habitatverbesserung durch Sicherung und Förderung von Grünland in Gewässernähe; in Sachsen-Anhalt wurden vereinzelt Fehlabschüsse dokumentiert.


measures_info:
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG06: Legal constraints of use of lead gunshot in wetlands ineffective
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus.pdf


measures_info:
Too low occurrences reported on Natura 2000 Network to implement management measures for the species. However, on that sites Whooper Swan benefits from measures taken for other waterbird species.


measures_info:
In Sachsen jährliche Bestandserfassung und Steuerung fischereilicher Aktivitäten auf 2400 ha.


measures_info:
non-huntable species /can profit from measures taken in Sigma project


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Icelandic Greylag Goose Anser anser.pdf


measures_info:
A hunting moratorium was deployed in 2012- in inland municipalities to help an inland population to establish. The current population is in the Baltic Sea coast and the idea is to allow the population to expand ditribution to inland lakes. Some introductions of broods from the Baltic Sea coast to inland have been made.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
CG09 - Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
Re. CG09: The main regulatory measure taken has been the implementation of appropriate assessment to ensure that potential threats from development activities, within and outside of the Natura 2000 network, do not negatively impact on the conservation objectives of designated sites. This includes the assessment of planned aquaculture on a bay by bay basis.


measures_info:
65% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
although in the future measures may be needed to avoid impact of powerlines


measures_info:
In Sachsen und Thüringen Errichtung künstlicher Nisthilfen/Horstplattformen, Habitatverbesserung durch Gewässerrenaturierung; in Sachsen lokale Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen einer Ausgleichs- und Ersatzmaßnahme (Versetzung eines Fischadlermasts aufgrund einer Flussbettverlagerung, Nestneubau auf versetztem Mast); in Rheinland-Pfalz ist der Nestschutz im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert. Im Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (§ 41) ist der Schutz vor Stromschlag an Energiefreileitungen festgeschrieben.


measures_info:
There are different projects whose aim is to introduce the species in different areas in Spain: Andalucía, País vasco and Comunidad valenciana.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CB05 - Adapt/change forest management and exploitation practices
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CC01 - Adapt/manage extraction of non-energy resources
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CC07 - Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CL01: Moorland management
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CL01: Appropriate habitat management at breeding sites as outlined by Stroud et al. 2012
Management and basic research needs at key sites - Stroud et al. 2012
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
In Sachsen Vernässungsmaßnahmen, Abstimmung der Grabeninstandhaltung auf Feuchtwiesen an die Ansprüche der Art, Reduktion der Prädation von Wasservögeln, Förderung der Brutvorkommen durch Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP - Maßnahmen zur naturschutzgerechten Teichwirtschaft: Besatz, Pflege, Bewirtschaftung); in Thüringen Habitatverbesserung durch Überstauung im Rahmen der Umsetzung des Managementplans (https://www.thueringen.de/mam/th8/tlug/content/ffh_155_map_ab.pdf); in Sachsen-Anhalt Maßnahmen deutlich zu lokal und zu gering, um Rückgang der Art umzukehren.


measures_info:
restore puddle zones / reduce impact of recreation and restoration of habitat in recreational zones / maintain extensive management practices / specific goals for the species in Sigma areas, Life Grote Netewoud, Life Delta


measures_info:
more marsh restoration measures besides those that have been taken, needed to restore its population.


measures_info:
although species has increased and N2000 target is achieved, in particular in SW Delta measures are needed to maintain its habitat (area mudflats and rest)


measures_info:
33% of the reports - measures not identified


measures_info:
At quite some locations breeding isles have been created or breeding habit has been restored. However more breeding locations are needed/ or restoration of dynamic estuarine situations. Still most beach habitat is unsuitable because of high recreation pre


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
CN02: Managed retreat of coastlines
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
[1] Management plan of semi-natural grasslands 2014-2020. https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/plk_tegevuskava_muut_aprill2017.pdf


measures_info:
30% of the reports - main purpose of the measures taken - maintain the current distribution
30% of the reports - main purpose of the measures taken - restore the habitat


measures_info:
Please note: Ireland is not a signatory of the European Management plan for Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 2006-2009 (December 2005).

The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA02 - Restore small landscape features on agricultural land
CA04 - Reinstate appropriate agricultural practices to address abandonment etc.
CB05 - Adapt/manage forest management and exploitation practices
CB03 - Reinstate forst management and exploitation practices
CL04 - Other measures related to natural processes
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CH03 - Reduce impact of other specific human actions


measures_info:
CB14: Enhancement of wetlands within woodland nature reserves and other areas


measures_info:
In Brandenburg, Berlin, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Sachsen-Anhalt Ausbringung und Sicherung von künstlichen Nisthilfen (Nistplattformen, Nistinseln, Nistflöße) als essentielle Maßnahmen zum Erhalt der Art.


measures_info:
Provision of artificial nesting locations was succesful and resulted in some population recovery, but structural solution to habitat deterioration needed, e.g. undoing adverse impact of eutrophication.


measures_info:
although some measures against overfishing have been taken, possibly more measure are needed, but it may be unrealistic to solve problems related to climate change and improved water quality.


measures_info:
50% of the reports - measures not identified


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 620-622.


measures_info:
Response to the measures:
33% of the reports - Medium-term results


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
CF12: Installation of man-made nest boxes to mitigate for loss of nesting sites due harbour wall construction and closed drainage pipes. http://docplayer.net/67662279-Northern-ireland-seabird-report-2014.html
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.


measures_info:
Otra de las medidas para esta especie es la colocación de cajas nido en los tejados de los edificios nuevos y/o reformados.

IUCN Red list
BirdLife International 2018. Apus pallidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22686815A131920550. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686815A131920550.

http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pallid-swift-apus-pallidus


measures_info:
In Sachsen Offenhaltung von Heiden der Bergbaufolgelandschaft und ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätzen, Erhaltung, Pflege und Neuanlage von Feldhecken, Sanierung von Obstgehölzen, Wiederherstellung von Feldrainen, Flurholzstreifen und Waldrändern


measures_info:
CA02: Good hedgerow management
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882. Bright, J.A., Morris, A.J., Field, R.H., Cooke, A.I., Grice, P.V., Walker, L.K., Fern, J., Peach, W.J. 2015. Higher-tier agri-environment scheme enhances breeding densities of some priority farmland birds in England. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 203: 69-79.
CB03: Traditional copice management in woodlands with nature reserves, SSSIs and elsewhere. Fuller, R.J. & Warren, M.S. 1990. Coppiced woodlands: their management for wildlife. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 32 pp.


measures_info:
The Azores Woodpigeon population is monitored through anual census by 10-minute counts of individuals (DRA/CIBIO-UP). This continuous work (expected to occur after 2018), begin in 2014 with the AZORPI – Ecology and evolution of the Azores Woodpigeon: support tools for a management and conservation strategy, (M2.1.2/F/025/2011) – project and has already provided new insights on the population status (1) and ecology (2).

(1)Fontaine R., Rodrigues T.M., Neves V., Fonseca A. & Gonçalves D. 2015. Relatório do 1º Censo de pombo-torcaz Columba palumbus azorica (Hartert, 1905) realizado em todas as ilhas do arquipélago dos Açores (outubro/novembro de 2014). Projeto AZORPI (M2.1.2/I/025/2011) CIBIO/InBIO Universidade do Porto, Universidade dos Açores. URL: http://servicos-sraa.azores.gov.pt/grastore/crads/20160419_Ponto7_Relatorio_AZORPI.pdf

(2) Fontaine R., Neves V.C., Rodrigues T.M., Fonseca A. & Gonçalves D. 2019. The breeding biology of the endemic Azores Woodpigeon Columba palumbus azorica. Ardea 107: 47–60. doi:10.5253/arde.v107i1.a4


measures_info:
The conservation of the Azores bullfinch and its habitat occurs nationaly since 2003, with the LIFE+ Priolo project and was continued through LIFE+ Laurissilva Sustentável (2009-2013) and LIFE+ Terras do Priolo (2013-2018) projects.


measures_info:
CS03: Installation of nestboxes due to decline in UK population. https://arocha.org.uk/giving-house-martins-home-scotland/


measures_info:
CF01: No SPAs yet classified. When this occures, statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in these areas will occur
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 SPAs identfied but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Smew Mergus albellus.pdf


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Störungsreduktion durch Reduzierung der Jagd auf Wasservögel


measures_info:
Sufficient supply of old trees with potential for cavities should be considered in the management practices.


measures_info:
In Brandenburg Jungvogelmanagement zur Erhöhung des Brut- und Aufzuchtserfolgs


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 559-561.
Pongrácz, Á. (2018): A békászó sas (Clanga pomarina) magyarországi helyzete 2016-ban. Lesser Spotted Eagle (Clanga pomarina) population data in 2016 in Hungary. (In Hungarian with English summary). Heliaca 14, 32-34.


measures_info:
Measures taken: Artificial nest produced and mounted in LIFE project (CS03); New AEM developed for the species and payments available from 2018 (A02, A03, A09); Special protection of the nests possible according to legislation, but in place only locally, as there is no compensation (B29); 1200 medium voltage pylons isolated during 2010-2013 (CC06)


measures_info:
LIFE+ project "Conservation arrangements for Lesser Spotted Eagle in Latvia": http://www.mazaiserglis.lv/en/about-project
The breeding sites of the species are protected by establishing microreserves.
Species foraging habitats are protected under the Rural Development Programme (through support payments for farmers) by defining biologically valuable grasslands for birds.
Latvian Fund for Nature and JSC “Latvia’s State Forests” is deploying online webcams at nests of the species for educational and research purposes.


measures_info:
[1] National SAP. 2018. https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/vaike-konnakotka_ktk_15012018.pdf


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Black-throatedDiverGaviaarctica(breeding).pdf


measures_info:
current consveration status favourable, but numers are declining, measures have been taken with regard to recreation pressure, fishery  and wind energy


sub_unit:
W Europe & North-west Africa/Sub-Saharan Africa


measures_info:
population recovered by successful reintroduction scheme


measures_info:
Legal protection of habitats and species
Other wetland-related measures
Establish protected areas/sites
Maintaining grasslands and other open habitats


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Schutz der Brutplätze, Schaffung und Förderung von Feuchtgebieten und Feuchtgrünland; in Rheinland-Pfalz ist der Nestschutz im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert. Im Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (§ 41) ist der Schutz vor Stromschlag an Energiefreileitungen festgeschrieben.


measures_info:
several artifical nests located in Luxemburg


measures_info:
Für die Zwerggans stellt insbesondere die Bejagung ein Problem dar. Dabei kann die Jagd auf Blässgänse zu Verlusten von Zwerggänsen führen. In Schleswig-Holstein wurde 2014 die Jagd auf Blässgänse wegen der Verwechslungsgefahr mit der Zwerggans eingestellt.


measures_info:
some staging sites have been abandoned for uknown reasons, research needed


measures_info:
53% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
65% of the reports - measures idenified but not yet taken


measures_info:
avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / non-huntable species


measures_info:
Restoration of eutrophicated wetlands and control of alien predators needed.

3-year hunting ban 2018-2020 has been appliedfor the whole country.


measures_info:
although measures have been taken to restore shell fish beds, the species still suffers from food shortage


measures_info:
Hunting restricted to males only in summers 2019-2021 for the period 1.-15.6. Otherwise no hunting allowed.


measures_info:
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing
CA16 - Other measures related to agricultural practices


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen Habitatverbesserung durch Wiedervernässung/Revitalisierung von (Nieder-)Mooren, Schaffung von Feuchtbereichen und Feuchtwiesen; in Schleswig-Holstein Auflage eines speziellen Förderprogramms für Maßnahmen nach WRRL zur naturnahen Gestaltung von Fließgewässern und Wiedervernässung von Niedermooren (https://www.schleswig-hol-stein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/F/foerderprogramme/MELUR/ZPLR/sp3Fliessgewaesser.html); in Sachsen zusätzlich Steuerung der landwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten und der Grabeninstandhaltung auf Feuchtwiesen in Kombination mit einer jährlichen Erfassung der Brutplätze, Reduktion der Prädation (Niederspree), Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP zur natur- und artenschutzgerechten Grünlandnutzung, Bereitstellung von Brachflächen und Brachstreifen); in Hessen liegt ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Bekassine' vor; in Niedersachsen derzeit laufendes LIFE+Natur Projekt 'Wiesenvögel' (2011-2020; http://www.wiesenvoegel-life.de/das-life-projekt.html). In Sachsen-Anhalt reichen die derzeitigen Maßnahmen hinsichtlich ihrer räumlichen Abdeckung und Intensität bei weitem nicht aus.


measures_info:
Hunting of the species is limited to certain seasons. Almost all wetlands are 'no hunting' areas.


measures_info:
CA01: Prevention of loss, to agricultural intensification, of lowland wet grassland and upland in-bye
CA03: Agri-environment support of low-intensity agricultural systems
CA04: Agri-environment support of low-intensity agricultural systems
CA05: Appropriate hay meadow management on SSSIs and other areas
CA09: Maintenance of low intensity wet grassland management systems, with low nutrient inputs, in SSSIs
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CI03: Hedgehog control on the Outer Hebrides
CI05: Predator control on reserves and elsewhere including for management of game


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
In order to restore the depleted population adequate measures are needed in farmland, current measures in farmland insufficient. Small scale hydrological measures in meadowbird nature reserves such as Drentse Aa area resulted in increase of numbers there.


measures_info:
The measures below are required and have been undertaken to a minor degree within Snipe breeding range (see delivery mechanisms referenced below):
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CA03 - Maintain existing extensive agricultural practices and agricultural landscape features
CA04 - Reinstate appropriate agricultural practices to address abandonment, including mowing, grazing, burning or equivalent measures
CI05 - Management of problematic native species

The above measures were undertaken to some degree via mechanisms that include the following:
DAFM GLAS Breeding Wader Measure: https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/farmingschemesandpayments/glastranche1/GLASTranche1Spec161015.pdf
RBAPS Breeding Wader measure: https://rbaps.eu/pilot-areas/rbaps-measures-in-ireland/shannon-callows/breeding-waders/  
NPWS Farm Plan Scheme: https://www.npws.ie/farmers-and-landowners/schemes/npws-farm-plan-scheme

Additional measures likely required include:
CA15 - Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CA07 - Recreate Annex I agricultural habitats
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CC02 - Adapt/manage exploitation of energy resources
CC07 - Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CL02 - Minimise/prevent impacts of geological and natural catastrophes


measures_info:
También CS03. Mejora del hábitat de las especies de las directivas.
En muchas CCAA se ha realizado control de depredadores como por ejemplo de la gaviota patiamarilla.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.


measures_info:
Other conservation measure developed is the launch of the "Plan territorial de contingencias por contaminación marina accidental da Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia (CAMGAL) " to act rapidly against sudden marine pollution events. (https://www.xunta.gal/dog/Publicados/2016/20161025/AnuncioG0244-181016-0001_es.html).


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CL04 - Other measures related to natural processes
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified for the current pressures but not yet taken to any significant degree:

CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CA09 - Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural (plant and animal production) which includes managing the use of fertlisers, pesticides, rodenticides and other pest control products
CE01 - Reduce impact of transport operation and infrastructure
CE06 - Habitat restoration of areas impacted by transport
CG04 - Control/ eradication of illegal killing/fishing/harvesting (Specifically in relation to control/eradication of sale and supply of secondary poisons i.e. rodenticides)
Currently there are no specific conservation measures in place for Barn Owl. A campaign for Responsible Rodenticide Use is promoted by various stakeholders including NPWS, BirdWatch Ireland and Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. Please refer to https://www.crru.ie/ for further information. In 2014, BirdWatch Ireland produced a booklet which provided interest groups, including farmers, with information on Barn Owl ecology and their requirements for nesting, feeding etc. and highlighted the adverse impacts of pressures such as rodenticides while providing detail on positive measures to support Barn Owls including creating and managing rough grassland, preventative measures to control rodents without using rodenticides and provision of safe nest sites including nest boxes. (For further information please refer to Lusby, J. & O'Clery, M. (2014) Barn Owls in Ireland: Information on the ecology of Barn Owls and their conservation in Ireland. BirdWatch Ireland.


measures_info:
CA03: Measures to maintain rough grassland and other feeding areas
CA05: Agri-environment scheme incentives to create rough grassland to encourage prey species.
CA09: Minimise risks from rodenticides.
CS03: Artificial nest site provision
CA01: Prevention of loss, to agricultural intensification, of lowland wet grassland and upland in-bye


measures_info:
Therere are local initiatives to protect nests and recover habitat, but more structural measures needed in particular to reduce emission of nitrogen


measures_info:
In Sachsen und Thüringen Offenhaltung von Heiden der Bergbaufolgelandschaft und ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätzen,  Anlage von Lesesteinhaufen; in Sachsen-Anhalt Zurückdrängung der Sukzession und Schaffung von Rohbodenflächen auf militärisch genutzten Liegenschaften, die bereits ergriffenen Maßnahmen zum Erhalt der Art reichen jedoch nicht aus; als weitere zielführende Maßnahmen außerhalb der militärisch genutzten Liegenschaften und EU-Schutzgebiete werden insbesondere die Wiederherstellung von kleinen Landschaftselementen in der Agrarlandschaft (CA02) sowie die Wiederherstellung/Neuschaffung von Lebensräumen auf Abbauflächen und Flächen zu Gewinnung erneuerbarer Energien (CC07) erachtet; in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfkonzept 'Steinschmätzer' erarbeitet.


measures_info:
main problem is degradation of old reedbeds in standing water as a consequence of sucession, deliberate removal, reed harvesting. Local initiatives to recover beds, measures needed at larger scale and more (former) breeding locations..


measures_info:
CA03: Stroud, D.A., Fox, A.D., Urquhart, C.M. & Francis, I.S. (compilers). (2012). International Single Species Action Plan for the conservation of the Greenland White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons flavirostris. AEWA Technical Series No. 45. Bonn, Germany. 89 pp. Available at: http://www.unep-aewa.org/sites/default/files/publication/ts45_issap_gwfg_2.pdf
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CC03: Several wind farm public inquiries in Scotland
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution
Legal protection of race in England and Wales as required by AEWA
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 SPAs identified but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_GreenlandWhite-frontedGooseAnseralbifronsflavirostris.pdf


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CG04 - Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 562-565.


measures_info:
50% of the reports - measures not needed


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CA15 - Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CA07 - Recreate Annex I agricultural habitats
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CC07 - Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CH03 - Reduce impact of other specific human actions


measures_info:
CB14: Restoration of peatland impacted by past coniferous afforestation
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies
CI03: Hedgehog control on the Outer Hebrides
CI05: Predator control on reserves and elsewhere including for management of game
CJ03: Additional work that has been carried out includes habitat restoration work - forest removal - Flow Country and other peatland restoration projects
Suite of SPAs assessed as ecologically insufficient: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 573-576.


measures_info:
Measures taken: 127 artificial nests mounted (CS03) and 831 medium voltage pylons insulated (CC06) within the LIFE09 NAT/HU/000384 project


measures_info:
CA02: Agri-environment schemes to target management of hedgerows with mature trees
CB01: Protection needed for remaining woodlands used by species
CB02: Maintain mature deciduous woodland
CB04: Agri-environment schemes to encourage well connected wooded landscape
CB05: Agri-environment schemes for woodland improvement - increase deadwood, restore coppice with standards, restore soil moisture conditions


measures_info:
Protection of the resting areas of migratory species Ardeola ralloides, Plegadis falcinellus, Egretta garzetta on the Akamas CY4000023 SPA coastline (Akamas SPA Management Plan)
Placing of reflective markings on electrical cables 
(CY6000010, CY3000007, CY3000002, CY5000011, CY6000008, CY4000023, CY4000019, CY2000006, CY4000021, CY4000018, CY4000007 SPA Management Plans)


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 512-514.


measures_info:
population recovered as a consequence of improved water quality in wetlands in the Netherlands.


measures_info:
although in the future measures may be needed to avoid impact of windturbines


measures_info:
creation breeding island / restore ecohydrology / restoration of habitat through adapted management / goals set in Sigma areas, LIFE Sparc


measures_info:
CF01: No SPAs yet classified. When this occures, statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in these areas will occur
SPAs identfied but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Spoonbill Platalea falcinellus (breeding).pdf
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Spoonbill Platalea falcinellus (breeding).pdf


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Schaffung von Feuchtgebieten und Röhrichten


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 548-551.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA02 - Restore small landscape features on agricultural land
CG04 - Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CA09 - Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural (plant and animal) production.


measures_info:
measures needed to prevent disturbance by leisure activities  at/near stop-over sites


measures_info:
In Sachsen-Anhalt ist die Überwinterung wenig bedeutend.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Stanbury, A. and the UK Crane Working Group 2011. The changing status of the Common Crane in the UK. British Birds 104: 432-447.
CL01: Stanbury, A. and the UK Crane Working Group 2011. The changing status of the Common Crane in the UK. British Birds 104: 432-447.
CS01: Re-establishment project in Somerset Levels SPA. Stanbury, A. and the UK Crane Working Group 2011. The changing status of the Common Crane in the UK. British Birds 104: 432-447.
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_CommonCraneGrusgrus(breeding).pdf


measures_info:
The species is protected from hunting in Cyprus


measures_info:
In Thüringen Verbesserung der Nahrungshabitate durch Regulation des Stauregimes von Wasserspeichern und Schaffung von Flachwasserzonen, Etablierung von Ablenkfütterungen zur Konfliktvermeidung mit der Landwirtschaft; in Sachsen Projekt zur Moorrevitalisierung (Wöllnauer Senke).


measures_info:
In Sachsen-Anhalt Umsetzung von Horstschutzzonen; in Schleswig-Holstein sind Horstschutzzonen im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert, darüber hinaus ist in Natura 2000-Gebieten des Landesforsts die Erhaltung störungsarmer Bereiche in dessen Handlungsgrundsätzen festgeschrieben (https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/N/natura2000/Downloads/handlungsgrundsaetzeWald.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3). In Sachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen Habitatverbesserung durch Wiedervernässungs- und Renaturierungsmaßnahmen insbesondere auf Moorstandorten; in Sachsen zusätzlich jährliche Erfassung und Steuerung der fischereilichen Aktivitäten (insgesamt auf 2.400 ha).


measures_info:
restore ecohydrology / restoration of habitat through adapted management / maintain extensive management practices / creation specific habitat : mitigate or manage impact drainage operations


measures_info:
Management of quantitative status of Achna Dam and Ensuring appropriate habitats for certain species (Achna SPA Management Plan)
Management of quantitative status of Paralimni lake (Paralimni SPA Management Plan)


measures_info:
CF03: Wardening of areas where stilts have nested to ensure they are not disturbed - eg Medmerry and Cliffe Pools
CI05: Predator control at newly created habitat: Ausden, M., Dixon, R., Lock, L., Moule, J., Nash, J., Newton, B., Thomas, M., White, G. & Tofts, W. 2016. Black-winged Stits in Britain: past, present and future. British Birds 109: 660-676.
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Ausden, M., Dixon, R., Lock, L., Moule, J., Nash, J., Newton, B., Thomas, M., White, G. & Tofts, W. 2016. Black-winged Stits in Britain: past, present and future. British Birds 109: 660-676.


measures_info:
passage population consists of Dutch breeding birds, numbers are constrained by shortage of breeding habitat


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 601-604.


measures_info:
Se han desarrollado actuaciones de protección y restauración de vegetación dunar (Prat del Llobregat o Castellón), limitación de acceso a las playas durante el periodo de cría (Aiguamolls de l’Empordà), reducción de la depredación por Urracas mediante métodos de “imprinting” negativo (Prat del Llobregat), o cercado de nidos para reducir el riesgo de depredación. (Martí y Del Moral, 2003). Protección municipal como "Área para la Regeneración Dunar y Nidificación del Chorlitejo Patinegro" en la playa del Serradal (Castellón), campañas de control de la población de Larus cachimans en Baleares, creación de espacios naturales protegidos (Parc Natural de s'Albufera de Mallorca, Parc Natural des Grau-III d'en Colom, Reserva Natural de ses Salines d'Eivissa i Formentera, Parc Natural de l?Albufereta de Pollença en Mallorca) más zonas protegidas de la costa e interior con presencia reproductora de la especie. (Madroño et al., 2004).


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein Schutz der Brutplätze vor Prädation; zur Optimierung des Managements in den von der Art genutzten Gebieten und zur Schaffung weiterer geeigneter Lebensräume führte das Michael-Otto-Institut im NABU von 2009-2015 das Projekt 'Möglichkeiten zum Erhalt der Brutpopulation des Seeregenpfeifers in Schleswig-Holstein' durch (https://bergenhusen.nabu.de/forschung/seeregenpfeifer/index.html).


measures_info:
The ongoing CWR project - Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Praia da Vitória Coastal Wet Green Infrastructure (LIFE12 BIO/PT/000110, http://cmpv.pt/minisites/life/index.php), promotes the protection of this species.


measures_info:
Management of quantitative status of Achna Dam and Ensuring appropriate habitats for certain species (Achna SPA Management Plan)
Management of quantitative status of Paralimni lake (Paralimni SPA Management Plan)
Reduce the impact of recreational activities in Evretou Dam (Koilada Sarama SPA Management Plan)


measures_info:
restoration/improvement of habitat through adapted management / protection measurements against natural predators /construction islands (breeding)/ goals set in LIFE ZTAR


measures_info:
30% of the reports - measures not identified


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung und Förderung der Bruthabitate inkl. Höhlenschutz; in Sachsen Belassen von Altholzinseln bei Endnutzung im Landes- und Privatwald, Steuerung von Holzeinschlagsmaßnahmen im Bereich der Höhlenbäume; in Schleswig-Holstein Verbesserung des Brutplatzangebots durch Ausbringung von Nistkästen; in Sachsen-Anhalt wurden Maßnahmen fast ausschließlich innerhalb des Nationalparks Harz durchgeführt.


measures_info:
application of the Circular to improve the forest biodiversity in public forest, incentive to do so in SPA private forest


measures_info:
CB15 and CL04: Refers to the disappearance of the dynamics of small mammalian populations
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.


measures_info:
In Berlin und Nordrhein-Westfallen Sicherung und Förderung der Bruthabitate (inkl. Bruthöhlen), Anlegen von Brutwänden; in Rheinland-Pfalz ist der Nestschutz im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert; in Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen Förderung einer naturnahen Gewässerentwicklung im Rahmen der Umsetzung der WRRL, Renaturierung von Waldbächen; in Sachsen Revitalisierung bzw. Sanierung von Teichen/Stillgewässern, Anlage von Hecken und Ufergehölzen, Steuerung der Fließgewässerinstandhaltung, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP zur naturschutzgerechten Teichbewirtschaftung: Pflege, Besatz) sowie des Renaturierungsprojekts 'Spree'.


measures_info:
CJ03: Good river management
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 SPAs identfied but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Kingfisher Alcedo atthis (breeding).pdf
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature


measures_info:
L'espèce ayant une distribution très étendue et peu dense, les mesures de gestion conservatoire de tronçons de cours d'eau ne concernent qu'une part modeste de la population nationale.


measures_info:
The EU Water Framework Directive requires all Member States to protect and improve water quality in all waters and applies to rivers, lakes, groundwaters and transitional coastal waters.  The Directive requires that management plans be prepared on a river basin basis (including identifying pressures on the catchments etc.) and specifies a structured method for developing these plans.  The second cycle of RBMPs cover the period 2018-2021, with the National Co-ordination and Management Committee ensuring measures are managed and oversee programme delivery.

The conservation measures listed below have been identified (and some are likely to be progressed as part of the RBMPs) but some are not yet taken to any significant degree:

CA10 - Reduce/eliminate point pollution to surface or ground waters from agricultural activities
CA11 - Reduce diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from agricultural activities
CB10 - Reduce diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from forestry activities
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CF05 - Reduce/eliminate diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from industrial, commercial, residential and recreational areas and activities
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other alien species
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CJ01 - 	Reduce impact of mixed source pllution
CJ02 - Reduce impact of multi-purpose hydrological changes
CN02 - Implement climate change mitigation measures

Measures undertaken at local or catchment scale not targeted at Kingifsher are likely to have positive knock-on benefits for the species, e.g. the FreshWater Pearl Mussel Project, see :http://www.pearlmusselproject.ie/


measures_info:
establish protected areas/sites
legal protection of habitats and species


measures_info:
Species has recovered because of improved water quality


measures_info:
limitation of the kayak exploitation of river (law for regulating Kayak in case of low water) / Take into account the nests in the management  of the river and riverbanks, global improving of the water qulaity/ Restore natural condition for some river stretches (i.e. LIFE WALPHY http://www.walphy.eu/ ) according to the water directive achievements 
	restoration/improvement of habitat through adapted management / habitat improvement for the species / development of green/blue infrastucture / restoration of ecohydrology / reinstate/adapt forest / restoring hydrological regime management


measures_info:
Mesure identifiée : augmenter les surfaces derrières en gros bois (Auria/ONF 2016)


measures_info:
La especie está siendo objeto de un programa  de investigación aplicada financiado con un programa POCTEFA para actualizar y revisar científicamente las medidas de conservación que se vienen estableciendo desde finales de los años noventa.  Se trata de conjuntos de buenas prácticas en la gestión  forestal  de los hayedos (tanto en la redacción de planes de ordenación forestal como en la ejecución de los expedientes forestales), y también de la toma en cuenta de la especie en la ordenación del territorio a una escala mayor.


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.
CL01: Moorland management


measures_info:
CA02: Good hedgerow management
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.
CB03: Traditional copice management in woodlands with nature reserves, SSSIs and elsewhere. Fuller, R.J. & Warren, M.S. 1990. Coppiced woodlands: their management for wildlife. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 32 pp.


measures_info:
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225. Malzer, I. & West, R. 2015. The Bearded Tit in the UK: conservation and management issues. British Birds 108: 747-753.
CL01: Reedbed management. Malzer, I. & West, R. 2015. The Bearded Tit in the UK: conservation and management issues. British Birds 108: 747-753.
CS03: Reedbed creation. Malzer, I. & West, R. 2015. The Bearded Tit in the UK: conservation and management issues. British Birds 108: 747-753.


sub_unit:
[excluding meridionalis, but including koenigi]


measures_info:
In Sachsen Anlage/Sanierung von Hecken und Ufergehölzen, Wiederherstellung von Streuobstwiesen, Obstbaumreihen, Feldrainen, Flurholzstreifen und Waldrändern, Offenhaltung von Heiden der Bergbaufolgelandschaften und ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätzen, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Agrarumwelt- und Naturschutzprogramm AUNaP zur Förderung einer natur- und artengerechten Grünlandnutzung bzw. Ackerbewirtschaftung: angepasste Mahd bzw. Beweidung, Extensivierung, Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen). In Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Raubwürger' erarbeitet.


measures_info:
CA02: Agri-environment schemes for management of hedgerows, ponds, edges round fields
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures for arable management (eg low input cereals, planting of wild bird seed mixes, overwinter stubbles): Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.
CB03: Traditional copice management in woodlands with nature reserves, SSSIs and elsewhere. Fuller, R.J. & Warren, M.S. 1990. Coppiced woodlands: their management for wildlife. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 32 pp.


measures_info:
Nécessité d'une gestion concertée des sites de nidification de l'espèce en vue de maintenir au moins une reproduction à succès tous les 3 ans dans le sud de la France.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.
CI05: Predator control on reserves and elsewhere including for management of game


measures_info:
Other measures not detailed above that may be necessary for the long-term conservation of this species include:
CA05	Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CC03	Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CG05	Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CL04	Other measures related to natural processes
CN02	Implement climate change adaptation measures
CN01	Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein Schutz der Brutplätze vor Prädation


measures_info:
Measures taken have been effective and species meets N2000 target, however species is still red listed because of long term decline. Futher recovery could be achieved in nearby future.


measures_info:
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.
The Nature Conservation Agency in 2018 commenced a monitoring programme at the coast for this species.


measures_info:
CF12: controlling activities in industrial areas and harbours which are important breeding sites


measures_info:
LIFE+ MC-Salt pan: http://www.mc-salt.eu/it/
LIFE AGREE: https://lifeagree.eu


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 612-615.


measures_info:
restoration/improvement of habitat through adapted management / protection measurements against natural predators / construction islands (breeding) / goals set in LIFE ZTAR


measures_info:
The measure/s listed below has/have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA09 - Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural production
CG04 - Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting
CH03 - Reduce impact of other specific human actions
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation.


measures_info:
In Berlin, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Sachsen Sicherung und Betreuung/Überwachung der Brutplätze in Kooperation mit den Eigentümern (Gebäudebrüter, Felsbrüter); in Rheinland-Pfalz Nestschutz in Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert; in Sachsen Errichtung weiterer Nisthilfen, in Berlin keine Förderung weiterer Gebäudebrüter zum Schutz der Baumbrüter im Umland.


measures_info:
CA09: Population formerly limited by bio-accumulating pesticdes which are now banned
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution
CS03: Artificial nest site provision
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
Relevant Measures included in SPA Management Plans:
Protection of nesting areas (Management of hunting activity, including the training of hunting dogs); Management and control of hunting activity; 
Placing of reflective markings on energy transmition lines passing over the SPA (to reduce bird collision risk); 
Banning the opening of new forest roads, unless there are no feasible alternatives. Where possible, some of the existing forest roads will be closed on the basis of a fire risk assessment study;
Limiting the use of insecticides and herbicides within the CY4000017, CY4000020, CY5000008, CY2000015 and CY4000023SPA area. Prohibition of the use of pesticides in open areas throughout the aforementioned SPAs.


measures_info:
Decrease potential impact of indoor activity like rock climbing


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG01 - Maanagement of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG09 - Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
Re. CG09: The main regulatory measure taken has been the implementation of appropriate assessment to ensure that potential threats from development activities, within and outside of the Natura 2000 network, do not negatively impact on the conservation objectives of designated sites. This includes the assessment of planned aquaculture on a bay by bay basis.


measures_info:
In Sachsen Vernässungsmaßnahmen, Steuerung der Grabeninstandhaltung auf Feuchtwiesen sowie örtliche und zeitliche Steuerung der landwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten auf Grundlage einer jährlichen Erfassung der Brutplätze; in Sachsen-Anhalt Maßnahmen bislang zu lokal  und zu wenig effizient, als dass sie die Bestandssituation tatsächlich verbessern.


measures_info:
Measures delivered via mechanisms that include the following:
DAFM GLAS Breeding Wader Measure: https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/farmingschemesandpayments/glastranche1/GLASTranche1Spec161015.pdf
RBAPS Breeding Wader measure: https://rbaps.eu/pilot-areas/rbaps-measures-in-ireland/shannon-callows/breeding-waders/ . 
NPWS Farm Plan Scheme: https://www.npws.ie/farmers-and-landowners/schemes/npws-farm-plan-scheme

Additional measures likely required include:
CA15 - Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
CB01 - Prevent conversion of (semi-) natural habitats into forests and of (semi-)natural forests into intensive forest plantation
CA07 - Recreate Annex I agricultural habitats
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CC02 - Adapt/manage exploitation of energy resources
CC07 - Habitat restoration/creation from resources, exploitation areas or areas damaged due to installation of renewable energy infrastructure


measures_info:
in particular in SW Delta measures are needed to maintain its habitat (area mudflats and rest),


measures_info:
The area grazed by cattle was expanded in the Lake Neusiedl National Park since around the year 2000.


measures_info:
CA01: Prevention of loss, to agricultural intensification, of lowland wet grassland and upland in-bye
CA03: Agri-environment support of low-intensity agricultural systems
CA05: Appropriate hay meadow management on SSSIs and other areas. Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CA09: Maintenance of low intensity hay meadow management systems, with low nutrient inputs, in SSSIs
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies
CI03: Hedgehog control on the Outer Hebrides
CI05: Predator control on reserves and elsewhere including for management of game
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
CN02: Managed retreat of coastlines


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Strategic mitigation to manage recreational users of SPAs, eg Thanet Coast, Northumberland Coast, Solent SPAs
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CF08 renvoie probablement à la contamination de la Crau par le pétrole échappé d'un pipeline.


measures_info:
CA01: Prevention of loss, to agricultural intensification, of lowland wet grassland and upland in-bye
CA05: Agri-environment schemes for wet grassland management
CA15: Agri-environment schemes for wet grassland management
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.


measures_info:
CB06: Heathland restoration
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Projects are in place to manage recreational use of heathland SPAs
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CI03: Cat control near lowland heathland reserves and other protected areas
CL01: Heathland restoration and management via agri-environment in southern England
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CA02: Good hedgerow management
CB03: Traditional copice management in woodlands with nature reserves, SSSIs and elsewhere. Fuller, R.J. & Warren, M.S. 1990. Coppiced woodlands: their management for wildlife. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough. 32 pp.
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_CormorantPhalacrocoraxcarbocarbo(breeding).pdf


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_CormorantPhalacrocoraxcarbocarbo(non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG04 - Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
Il est clair qu'en milieu insulaire, ce sont les créations de réserves conventionnées (GONm et BV) qui ont permis@ aux grands cormorans de nicher et la désignation en ZPS n'a que peu ou pas apporté d’amélioration. En falaise, il n'y a pas de véritable gestion.


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Schutz der Schlafgewässer, Förderung störungsarmer Nahrungshabitate


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 518-521.


measures_info:
newcomer as a breeding bird, is expanding


measures_info:
restoration of habitat through adapted management / restore ecohydrology / avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological / restoration of habitat through adapted management regime / reduce impact recreation / habitat improvement for the species / goals set in LIFE Sparc


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung und Förderung von Feuchtgebieten, Röhrichten und Grünland.


measures_info:
Handlungsempfehlungen für den Forstbetrieb (2014) Administration de la nature et des forêts Brochure: https://environnement.public.lu/dam-assets/fr/forets/publications/Handlungsempf_Forst/ANF_Massnahmen_05-06-2014.pdf


measures_info:
CB06: Reduce impacts of disturbance
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution. RSPB reports: https://ww2.rspb.org.uk/our-work/our-positions-and-campaigns/positions/wildbirdslaw/legalpublications.aspx


measures_info:
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.
Latvian Fund for Nature is deploying online webcams at nests of the species for educational and research purposes.


measures_info:
Existe un Plan de Manejo del Azor (Accipiter gentilis) aprobado en Asturias por el Decreto 149/2002, de 28 de noviembre. Boletín Oficial del Principado de Asturias nº 297 (26.12.2002).

La subespecie Accipiter gentilis arrigonii posee un programa europeo BMSs (Brief Management Statements) (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/wildbirds/action_plans/docs/accipiter_g_arrigoni.pdf)


measures_info:
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species: Neovison vison


measures_info:
Establish protected areas/sites
Legal protection of habitats and species
Other wetland-related measures
Restoring/improving the hydrological regime


measures_info:
reduce drainage and water regulation around wetlands / restore natural conditions for some river stretches or  / reedbed management and restoration (as identified by the Action Plan developed in the framework of LIFE Belgian Nature Integrated Project)
restore ecohydrology / restoration of habitat through adapted management / creation of specific habitat for the species / reduce impact of recreation / restoration of habitat in recreational zones/ restoration management  / Sigma project goals


measures_info:
In Berlin Schutz von Röhricht (gesetzlich verankert); in Sachsen Revitalisierung verlandeter Teiche und Wiederherstellung strukturreicher Stillgewässer, Reduzierung der Prädation, Steuerung der fischereilichen Aktivitäten auf Grundlage jährlicher Bestandsaufnahmen, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen für Brutvorkommen in Teichgebieten im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP, Maßnahmen zur naturschutzgerechten Teichwirtschaft: Besatz, Pflege); in Sachsen-Anhalt wurden Maßnahmen nur in einem kleinen Teil der Vorkommen ergriffen.


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Förderung von Röhrichten und Feuchtgebieten; in Berlin Schutz des Röhrichts gesetzlich verankert.


measures_info:
although several marsh restoration measures haven been taken, more are needed to restore the population to its national target (Foppen et al. 2016)


measures_info:
In Berlin Schutz des Röhrichts gesetzlich verankert.


measures_info:
LIFE Project LIFE07NAT/IT/000507 (LIFE+ “Avifauna del Lago Salso”). Final Report covering the project activities from 01/01/2009 to 31/10/2015. 84 pp. http://lifelagosalso.it/public/documenti/22DOC-632.pdf


measures_info:
Project "Restoration of Bittern habitats in two coastal lakes in Latvia (LIFE COASTLAKE)" has been implemented from 2013 till 2018: https://www.ldf.lv/en/projects/restoration-bittern-habitats-two-coastal-lakes-latvia-life-coastlake
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of commercial management regimes for reedbeds
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Reedbed management. Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
CS03: Reedbed creation
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_BitternBotaurusstellaris(non-breeding).pdf
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
The breeding sites of the species are protected by establishing microreserves.
JSC “Latvia’s State Forests” is deploying online webcams at nests of the species for educational and research purposes.


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 566-568.


measures_info:
CB05: https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/images/corporate/pdf/RIN292.pdf https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/images/corporate/pdf/Guidancenote32Birddisturbance.pdf
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution
CS02: Potential re-introduction to England being considered


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified, but not taken to any significant degree:
CA03 - Maintain existing extensive agricultural practices and agricultural landscape features
CB05 - Adapt/manage forest management and exploitation practices
CG04 - Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting
Currently the R.A.P.T.O.R. Protocol records reported incidents for persecution, killing and illegal poisoning.  No further measures in terms of control/eradication.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation.

Crowe, O. (2019). Status of rare breeding birds in the Republic of Ireland 2013 - 2018. Unpublished report to the National Parks and Wildlife Service, Dublin, Ireland.


measures_info:
Here the species is reported as winter population. Note that the function of the Netherlands for this species is more important during passage.


measures_info:
maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / restoration of habitat through adapted management / goals set in Sigma areas


measures_info:
LIFE+ MC-Salt pan: http://www.mc-salt.eu/it/
LIFE AGREE: https://lifeagree.eu/


measures_info:
Key  sites are designated as SPAs or equivalent


measures_info:
Key sites are designated as SPAs or equivalent


measures_info:
Sensibilisation active des exploitants et propriétaires en période de reproduction dès que l'espèce est cantonnée pour éviter la reprise des travaux du sol.


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 597-600.
Kiss, Á., Molnár, A., Monoki, Á. et al. (2019): Nature conservation status of Collared Pratincoles (Glareola pratincola) breeding in agricultural habitats in Hungary and recommendations for their conservation especially in the Nagykunság area. Aquila (2018), Vol. 125, p. 49-72.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CL01: Habitat management on breeding areas in Shetland and elsewhere
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
Other measures not detailed above that may be necessary for the long-term conservation of this species include:
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
En la Península hay varias poblaciones: la forma nominal ocupa la mitad norte, abundante y bien distribuida, que supone el límite meridional de las importantes y extensas poblaciones
centroeuropeas; las del sur ibérico parecen tener identidad propia con rasgos morfológicos y de comportamiento que las diferencia claramente del resto de poblaciones ibéricas y de la subespecie heineken donde tradicionalmente se las incluía; por último, las poblaciones insulares, aisladas de sus congéneres continentales podrían estar sometidas a historias evolutivas independientes. Deberían tenerse en cuenta estas cuatro poblaciones como unidades operativas desde el punto de vista de la conservación, sobre todo aquellas constituidas por un menor número de individuos o áreas de distribución más localizadas (Martí & Del Moral, 2003).


measures_info:
CA02: Agri-environment schemes to encourage management of buffer strips, ditches, ponds etc
CA05: Agri-environment schemes to incentivise extensive grazing management
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.


measures_info:
aucune mesure de gestion n'est envisagée pour améliorer la situation démographique de l'espèce qui fait par ailleurs l'objet de mesures de contrôle en milieu urbain (stérilisation des oeufs)
les effectifs ont augmenté grâce aux ressources alimentaires d'origine anthropique (pêche et décharges) ; maintenant que ces ressources se réduisent, les effectifs diminuent, il y a donc un réajustement en fonction des ressources disponibles


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies
CG04: Compliance notice issued for killing. See https://ww2.rspb.org.uk/our-work/our-positions-and-campaigns/positions/wildbirdslaw/legalpublications.aspx
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.


measures_info:
protection measurements against natural predators
protection breeding sites


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species


measures_info:
Proyecto Interreg de SEO/BirdLife sobre aves marinas y contaminación lumínica: LuMinAves. (http://www.luminaves.com/index.php/es/).


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands; Lundy https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/jul/30/lundy-bird-populations-rats-eradicated
CI05: Appropriate predator control at important sites


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants


measures_info:
Información proporcionada por las Comunidades Autónomas.


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF03: Management of watersports and other forms of disturbance at lowland wetlands


measures_info:
55% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 538-540.


measures_info:
although its current conservation status is favourable, there are some pressures/threats, such as increased wood harvesting and decline in insects, measures needed to maintain population.


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein Erhaltung störungsarmer Bereiche in Natura 2000-Gebieten des Landesforsts (in den Handlungsgrundsätzen festgeschrieben; https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/N/natura2000/Downloads/handlungsgrundsaetzeWald.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3); in Sachsen Verbesserung der Nahrungshabitate durch Nachpflanzung von Obstbäumen und Sanierung von Obstgehölzen, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP: Maßnahmen zur natur- und artenschutzgerechten Grünlandnutzung und Ackerbewirtschaftung, Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen); in Rheinland-Pfalz ist der Nestschutz im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature


measures_info:
Selon la «Synthèse des résultats de l'enquête sur les mesures de gestion auprès des DREAL »: des "Mesures identifiées et mises en œuvre" pour "Maintenir la distribution, la population ou l'habitat d'espèce actuel" principalement "Dans le réseau Natura 2000", pour des résultats attendus à "Moyen terme (2019-2030)".
Les mesures citées sont par ordre d'importance :
Code mesure	Mesure de gestion
CS03	Améliorer l'habitat d'espèces visées par les directives nature
CA03	Maintenir des pratiques agricoles extensives et des éléments paysagers agricoles existants
CA05	Adapter la fauche, le pâturage, et autres pratiques agricoles similaires
CB04	Adapter/gérer le reboisement et la régénération forestière
CA07	Recréer des habitats agricoles listés à l'Annexe I
CB03	Rétablir des pratiques de gestion et d'exploitation sylvicoles
CA02	Restaurer de petits éléments paysagers sur des terrains agricoles
CB06	Cesser les activités de gestion forestière et d'exploitation sylvicole
CB02	Maintenir des pratiques traditionnelles de gestion et d'exploitation sylvicoles existantes
CB11	Réduire les pollutions de l'air dues à des activités sylvicoles
CA04	Rétablir des pratiques agricoles adaptées pour répondre à la déprise, incluant fauche, pâturage, brûlis ou autres mesures équivalentes
CI02 	Gestion, contrôle ou éradication d'espèces exotiques envahissantes établies préoccupantes pour l'UE  
CF03	Réduire l'impact des sports de plein air et des activités de loisirs et récréatives
CE01	Réduire l'impact des infrastructures et des opérations de transport


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.


measures_info:
Breeding effort is still too low, partly because of food shortage as a consequence of unfavourable food conditions and probably a shortage of nesting locations.


measures_info:
Other measures not detailed above that may be necessary for the long-term conservation of this species include:
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CA02 - Restore small landscape features on agricultural land
CA05 - Adapt mowing/grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CB05 - Adapt/change forest management and exploitation practices


measures_info:
Conservation measures identified but not taken include:
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
The following measure has been indentified as a relevant:

CI07 - Controlling and eradicating plant and animal diseases, pathogens and pests.


measures_info:
Proyecto Interreg de SEO/BirdLife sobre aves marinas y contaminación lumínica: LuMinAves http://www.luminaves.com/index.php/es/


measures_info:
CA02: Agri-environment schemes to target hedgerow management and improve connectivity across landscape.
CB02: Maintain mature deciduous woodland: Broughton, R.K. & Hinsley, S.A. 2015. The ecology and conservation of the Marsh Tit in Britain. British Birds 108: 12-29.
CB05: Agri-environment schemes for woodland improvement - coppising, management of rides and glades
CB08: Increase connectvity between existing but fragmented woodland habitats: Broughton, R.K. & Hinsley, S.A. 2015. The ecology and conservation of the Marsh Tit in Britain. British Birds 108: 12-29.


sub_unit:
sensu stricto [excluding italiae]; non-native populations


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of watersports and other forms of disturbance at lowland wetlands
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Wigeon Anas penelope (non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Wigeon Anas penelope (breeding).pdf


measures_info:
restoration of habitat through adapted management / avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / non-huntable species


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung und Förderung des Grünlandes in Gewässernähe, Reduzierung der Wasservogeljagd in EU-Vogelschutzgebieten (Störungsreduzierung)


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
study impact of climate change and breeding effort in N. Europe


measures_info:
[1] Ntional SAP. 2015. https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/suur_konnakotka_tk.pdf


measures_info:
In Sachsen Reduktion der Prädation von Wasservögeln (Niederspree), jährliche Erfassung und Steuerung fischereilicher Aktivitäten, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP, Maßnahmen zur naturschutzgerechten Teichwirtschaft: Besatz, Pflege); in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfkonzept 'Kleine Rallen' erarbeitet. In Sachsen-Anhalt nur kleine und unregelmäßige Brutvorkommen, eine Ausweitung der Verbreitung und des Bestands wären naturschutzfachlich notwendig.


measures_info:
CA09: Population formerly limited by bio-accumulating pesticdes which are now banned


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA01 - Prevent conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats, and habitats of species into agricultural land
CA02 - Restore small landscape features on agricultural land


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
Suite of SPAs assessed as ecologically insufficient: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 SPAs identified but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata (breeding).pdf


measures_info:
Significant effort has been put into undertaking the following measure at Red-throated Diver breeding sites:
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species

The measures listed below have been identified as likely being required but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CC01 - Adapt/manage extraction of non-energy resources
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
CL04 - Other measures related to natural processes


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 532-534.


measures_info:
Protection of the resting areas of migratory species Ardeola ralloides, Plegadis falcinellus, Egretta garzetta on the Akamas CY4000023 SPA coastline (Akamas SPA Management Plan)
Placing of reflective markings on electrical cables (CY6000010, CY3000007, CY4000023, CY4000018, CY4000007 SPA Management Plans)


measures_info:
non-huntable species / maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / habitat improvement for the species / restoration of habitat through adapted management


measures_info:
numbers have declined, because of shift in  wintering areas


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG02 - Management of hunting, recreational fishing and recreational or commercial harvesting or collection of plants
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation easures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
restoration of habitat through adapted management / restore ecohydrology / avoid damage to nests / avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / non-huntable species


measures_info:
Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/wildbirds/hunting/docs/pintail.pdf)


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
CG06: Legal constraints of use of lead gunshot in wetlands ineffective
EU Management Plan with actions relevant to the UK that have not been implemented (e.g. action 2 - Data on the annual number of Pintail shot in each Member States is available). http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Pintail Anas acuta (non-breeding)1..pdf


measures_info:
In Brandenburg und Nordrhein-Westfalen Förderung von Brutmöglichkeiten, Angebot künstlicher Nisthilfen


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Reduktion der Störungen durch Reduzierung der Wasservogeljagd; in Berlin wird bei großräumiger Vereisung der Schutz offener Wasserstellen vor Störungen durch Freizeit-Bootsverkehr als notwendig erachtet.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CJ03: Good river management
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CN02: Managed retreat of coastlines


measures_info:
67% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.
CG05: Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.


measures_info:
CA02: Good hedgerow management
CA05: Appropriate hay meadow management on SSSIs and other areas
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882. Bright, J.A., Morris, A.J., Field, R.H., Cooke, A.I., Grice, P.V., Walker, L.K., Fern, J., Peach, W.J. 2015. Higher-tier agri-environment scheme enhances breeding densities of some priority farmland birds in England. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 203: 69-79.
CL01: Reedbed management
CS03: Reedbed creation


measures_info:
Plan de recuperación del escribano palustre iberoriental Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi la Comunitat valenciana.


measures_info:
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882. Bright, J.A., Morris, A.J., Field, R.H., Cooke, A.I., Grice, P.V., Walker, L.K., Fern, J., Peach, W.J. 2015. Higher-tier agri-environment scheme enhances breeding densities of some priority farmland birds in England. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 203: 69-79.


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen Wiedervernässung von Niedermooren und Feuchtwiesen; in Sachsen darüber hinaus Steuerung der Grabeninstandhaltung und der fischereilichen Aktivitäten in Feuchtwiesengebieten auf Grundlage jährlicher Erfassungen; in Thüringen Erhalt und Wiederherstellung von Feuchtwiesen, Blänken, Tümpeln, grünlandreichen Niederungen und Überschwemmungsbereichen entlang der größeren Tieflandflüsse.


measures_info:
Restoration of wetlands that are eutrophicated by nutrients from (mainly) agricultural activities and prevention of nutrient inflow needed.


measures_info:
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein stellt das Verfangen in Netzresten ein großes, noch ungelöstes Problem dar.


measures_info:
current conservation status favourable and a marine SPA has been designated for this species, but some threats affect species like pollution.


measures_info:
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CF08 - Reduce/eliminate marine contamination with litter
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis (non-breeding).pdf
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
This species has increased as a consequence of water quality improvement measures, continuation of these measures is needed.


measures_info:
Regulation on outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities probably insufficient


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 522-524.


measures_info:
species has recovered as a consequence of marsh restoration projects and water quality improvement measures, continuation of these measures is needed


measures_info:
establish protected areas/sites
legal protection of habitats and species
other wetland related measures
restoring/imroving the hydrological regime


measures_info:
avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / maintain extensive management practices /habitat improvement for the species / non-huntable species


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of watersports and other forms of disturbance at lowland wetlands
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Teal Anas crecca (non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
Plan de Gestión de ZEC Lagunas saladas de Pétrola y Salobrejo y complejo lagunar de Corral Rubio (AB). (http://www.castillalamancha.es/gobierno/agrimedambydesrur/estructura/dgapfyen/rednatura2000/zecES4210004)

Plan de Gestión de ZEC Humedales de la Mancha (TO, CR y CU). (http://www.castillalamancha.es/gobierno/agrimedambydesrur/estructura/dgapfyen/rednatura2000/zeczepa)

Robinson, J.A. & Hughes, B. (Compilers). 2006. International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca. CMS Technical Series No. 12 & AEWA Technical Series No. 7. Bonn, Germany


measures_info:
Status:
46% - measures identified but not yet taken
31% - measures identified and taken
23% - measures needed but cannot be identified


measures_info:
Vagrant species observed in too few numbers to to allow to identify appropriate and effective management measures.


measures_info:
In Sachsen Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP, Maßnahmen zur naturschutzgerechten Teichwirtschaft: Besatz, Pflege)


measures_info:
Robinson, J.A. & Hughes, B. (Compilers). (2006). International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca. CMS Technical Series No. 12 & AEWA Technical Series No. 7. Bonn, Germany.


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Hoststein wurde eine freiwillige Vereinbarung mit den Ostseefischern zum Schutz von Schweinswalen und  tauchenden Meeresenten vor dem Ertrinken in Stellnetzen in der Ostsee getroffen (Meidung der Nahrungsgebiete im Winter bei lokal gehäuftem Auftreten von Meeresenten; http://www.ostseeinfocenter.de/html/freiwillige_vereinbarung.html).


measures_info:
-Proyectos de reintroducción: Cataluña, Valencia, La Rioja, Toledo, Granada y Madrid, Castilla y León, Andalucía. 
 
Proyectos LIFE: Castilla y León ("Conservación del hábitat del Cernícalo Primilla en la ZEPA de Villafáfila, Zamora"), Extremadura ("Conservación del sisón, avutarda y cernícalo primilla en la Red de ZEPA de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura") y Aragón ("Conservación del hábitat de nidificación de Falco naumanni en Aragón").
-Campañas de recogida y crianza de pollos caídos de los nidos: Andalucía y Madrid. 
-Plan de Conservación: Aragón. Borradores en Madrid, Extremadura, Cataluña y Navarra. 
-Instalación de nidos artificiales: Aragón, Madrid, Castilla y León, Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha y Andalucía. 
-Investigación
-Manuales de gestión de la especie: Andalucía, Madrid y Extremadura.


measures_info:
https://www.unfalcoperamico.com/progetto-life/
Progetto Life Pianura Parmense (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3350)


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 597-600.


measures_info:
in Baden-Württemberg Erweiterung des Vogelschutzgebiets Bremgarten zum Schutz des Triels (August 2017).


measures_info:
Relevant measures are foreseen in CY4000020, CY4000018 & CY4000007 SPA Management Plans:
Promoting the use of appropriate lighting in the premises within the CY4000020 SPA; 
Identification of the most important nesting areas within the CY4000018 SPA
Management of shrub habitats within the CY4000007 SPA


measures_info:
Selon les cahiers d'habitat : "En l’état actuel, le Pluvier argenté ne justifie pas de mesure de gestion spécifique en France." 
L'espèce n'est pas non plus citée dans la "Synthèse des résultats de l'enquête sur les mesures de gestion auprès des DREAL".
Cependant des mesures de gestion du type CF03 Réduire l'impact des sports de plein air et des activités de loisirs et récréatives pourraient se justifier sur certains reposoirs mixtes de grand coeff. à proximité immédiate des zones d'activités.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers and range: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309


measures_info:
Breeding effort is still too low, partly as a consequence of food shortage as a consequence of unfavourable food conditions.


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of disurbance at coastal nesting colonies e.g. Steel, D. 2018. Great bird reserves: The Farne Islands. British Birds 111: 25-41.
CI03: Mammalian predator eradication on islands. Furness, R.W. 2016. Key pressures and threats faced by marine birds in the UK, conservation action for these birds, and identification of pressures and threats not effectively addressed by existing conservation action. Unpublished report to JNCC.
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.


measures_info:
In Brandenburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt Sicherung und Förderung der Brutplätze (Inseln, Flöße, Nistplattformen), Neuanlage von künstlichen Nisthilfen; in Nordrhein-Westfalen weiterhin Reduzierung von Störungen durch Regulierung der Jagd, Freizeitfischerei sowie der Pflanzenentnahme für private oder kommerzielle Zwecke.


measures_info:
Creation of artificial island promoted the installation of the species as breeder
development islands for nesting / restoration/improvement of habitat through adapted management / protection measurements against natural predators / maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / goals set in Life ZTAR, can profit from LIFE Delta


measures_info:
The Nature Conservation Agency in 2018 commenced a monitoring programme at the coast for this species.
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.


measures_info:
CB15 and CL04: Refers to the disappearance of the dynamics of small mammalian populations
The breeding sites of the species may be protected by establishing microreserves.
Latvian Fund for Nature is deploying online webcams at nests of the species for educational and research purposes.


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 624-626.


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung und Förderung der Bruthabitate; in Sachsen Schaffung von Brutmöglichkeiten, Horstschutzmaßnahmen und Überwachung, Reduzierung von Störungen durch zeitliche Steuerung der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Bewirtschaftung; in Rheinland-Pfalz ist der Nestschutz im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert.


measures_info:
Although some measures have been taken to protect nesting sites. There are some threats to the species, for which proper measures haven't been taken yet. Bioaccummulation of toxic substance  in particular rhodenticides  threaten the small population of th


measures_info:
MP of mires 2016-2023. https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/soode_tegevuskava.pdf


measures_info:
species has recovered amazingly as many other species from heathland suffer from the adverse impact of nitrogen deposition


measures_info:
Habitat restoration of both semi-open habitat (heatland, bogs …) close to insect-rich habitat (like native young deciduous forest) / restore heatlands and peatbogs / prevent overdensity of wild boar and red deer / stop artificial feeding for game (wildboar°
	realisation Annex I habitats / restoration/improvement of habitat through adapted management / management exotic tree species / reinstate/adapt forest management (forest edges,…) / reduce impact on ecohydrology / avoid disturbance in military zones / goals set in LIFE Together,  LIFE Helvex, LIFE Itter&Oeter, LIFE Abeek


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Schaffung von Lichtwäldern auf Sandböden; in Sachsen Entbuschung und Offenhaltung von Offenlandflächen in der Bergbaufolgelandschaft sowie auf ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätzen (Einsatz des Sächsischen Agrarumwelt- und Naturschutzprogramms); in Hessen liegt ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Ziegenmelker' vor.


measures_info:
30% of the reports - measures are not needed


measures_info:
Project "Improving of the conservation status of specially protected bird species in Natura 2000 site "Adazi"" took place from 2013. till 2018. European Nightjar was one of the target species of the project.


measures_info:
CB02: Maintain old growth woodlands in traditional breeding areas


measures_info:
In Sachsen-Anhalt Förderung der Art durch ehrenamtliche Nistkastenprojekte, in Thüringen durch Projekte zur Erhaltung von Streuobstwiesen.


measures_info:
measures needed to reduce emission of nitrogen


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Schaffung von Lichtwäldern und Grenzlinienstrukturen; in Sachsen Erhaltung von Biotopbäumen im Wald; in Hessen wurde ein Artenschutzkonzepts 'Grauspecht' erarbeitet; in Sachsen-Anhalt wurden Maßnahmen bislang nur in geringen Flächenanteilen umgesetzt.


sub_unit:
Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung der Bruthabitate und Horststandorte; in Sachsen Nutzungseinschränkungen, zeitliche Steuerung des Holzeinschlags, Verbesserung der Nahrungshabitate durch Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP mit Maßnahmen zur natur- und artenschutzgerechten Grünlandnutzung und Ackerbewirtschaftung, Staffelmahd, Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen, überwinternde Stoppel); in Rheinland-Pfalz ist der Nestschutz im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert.


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (1984): Magyarország fészkelo madarai. Natura, Budapest. 247 p. 
MME Ragadozómadár-védelmi Szakosztály (2009): Barna kánya (Milvus migrans) állományadatok – 2007. Data on Breeding Populations of Black Kite – 2007. (In Hungarian with English summary.) Heliaca 5: 56.
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 541-543.
Haraszthy L., Albert A., Bank L., Mórocz A. & Nótári K. (2018): A barna kánya (Milvus migrans) helyzete Magyarországon 2016-ban. (In Hungarian with English summary.) Heliaca 14: 51-52. 
National park directorates' databases (Annual survey of colonially breeding and strictly protected bird species)
http://map.mme.hu/maps/map2


measures_info:
prevent conversion of grassland to arable land / Agri-environment scheme to preserve hedges and managed them in a favourable way /take into account the feeding and nesting areas into the regional scheme wind power development


measures_info:
CB02: Agri-environment schemes to encourage scrubby woodland edge, rides and glades
CB03: Agri-environment schemes to encourage scrubby woodland edge, rides and glades
CB04: Agri-environment schemes to plant birch, alder, larch or spruce as food resource
CB05: Agri-environment schemes for management of woodland


measures_info:
In Brandenburg und Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung der Gelege und Jungvögel; Durchführung gezielter Naturschutzprojekte: in Niedersachsen LIFE+ Projekt 'Wiesenvögel' (2011-2020; http://www.wiesenvoegel-life.de/das-life-projekt.html ), in Schleswig-Holstein EU-LIFE-Projekt 'LIMOSA' (2012-2022) des Michael-Otto-Instituts im NABU und der Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein (https://bergenhusen.nabu.de/forschung/life-limosa/index.html ; https://www.wo-ist-greta.de/was/gretas-helfer/life-limosa/); in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Habitatverbesserung durch Kompensationsmaßnahmen im Rahmen des Baus der Erdgasleitung Nordstream 2; in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Uferschnepfe' erarbeitet (Art dort inzwischen ausgestorben); auch in Sachsen-Anhalt Art aktuell als Brutvogel ausgestorben, Maßnahmen zur Wiederherstellung geeigneter Lebensräume bisher nicht ausreichend.


measures_info:
maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / restoration of habitat through adapted management / Agricultural management agreements / can profit from LIFE Delta


measures_info:
The species' numbers decline in the  SW Delta, cause unknown -> research needed


measures_info:
CF03: Maagement of disturbance needed at nesting sites
CI05: Appropriate predator control at important sites
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG09 - Other measures to reduce impacts from marine aquaculture infrastructures and operation
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures
Re. CG09: The main regulatory measure taken has been the implementation of appropriate assessment to ensure that potential threats from development activities, within and outside of the Natura 2000 network, do not negatively impact on the conservation objectives of designated sites. This includes the assessment of planned aquaculture on a bay by bay basis.


measures_info:
although species has increased and N2000 target is met, in particular in SW Delta measures are needed to maintain its habitat (area mudflats and rest). Here the species is reported as winter population. Note that the function of the Netherlands for this s


measures_info:
restore ecohydrology /restoration of habitat through adapted management/ avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Shelduck Tadorna tadorna (non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
although several measures have been taken related to the improvement of marsh habitat, still measures needed to restore the foraging function of farmland.


measures_info:
CA05: Establishment of appropriate grazing regimes on saltmarshes
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Reedbed management. Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
CN02: Managed retreat of coastlines
CS03: Reedbed creation
CG04: Addressing illegal persecution


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Sicherung und Schutz der Brutplätze, Förderung von Feuchtgebieten und Röhrichten; in Berlin Röhrichtschutz, in Rheinland-Pfalz Nestschutz im Landesnaturschutzgesetz verankert; in Sachsen Durchführung von Biotoperhaltungsmaßnahmen in Feuchtgebieten, Sanierung von Stillgewässern, jährliche Erfassung und Steuerung fischereilicher Aktivitäten; in Hessen liegt ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Rohrweihe' vor .


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 552-555.


measures_info:
increase habitat quality for prey (voles, passerines) in farmland / Direct protection of nests in agriculture field / take into account the feeding and nesting areas into the regional scheme wind power development / avoid illegal killing of raptors in some small game hunting estate / reedbed management and restoration (as identified by the Action Plan developed in the framework of LIFE Belgian Nature Integrated Project)
	SBP Bruine Kiekendief (2018), Goals set in Sigma areas, Interreg project 'Tous Eco-Citoyens', partridge project, Life Grote Netewoud, Life Delta


measures_info:
CC07: Habitat restoration at a former sand and gravel quarry. https://www.hertswildlifetrust.org.uk/news/hobbies-breed-panshanger-park
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.


measures_info:
measures to restore winterhabitat have been taken. However part of the problem of this species in the Netherlands is the impact of modern farming practices on the breeding population. And there insufficient measures have been taken so far. Large part of t


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI03: Hedgehog control on the Outer Hebrides


measures_info:
The species habitats are protected under the Rural Development Programme (through support payments for farmers) by defining biologically valuable grasslands for birds.


measures_info:
Des mesures de gestion sont prises, mais seulement sur certains sites et parfois sur des surfaces insuffisantes. Même si elles existent, l'effort n'est pas forcément suffisant.


measures_info:
adequate measures to restore winterhabitat have been taken. However part of the problem of this species in the Netherlands is the impact of modern farming practices on the breeding population. And there insufficient measures have been taken so far. Large


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
CN02: Managed retreat of coastlines


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified and work towards implementing some of these is underway.
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CG01 - Management of professional/commercial fishing (including shellfish and seaweed harvesting)
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species
CI05 - Management of problematic native species


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein Artenschutzprojekt Lachseeschwalbe: Einzäunung der Brutplätze zum Schutz vor Prädatoren, Bewachung der Kolonie zum Schutz vor anthropogenen Störungen (https://www.buendnis-dithmarschen.de/lachseeschwalbe).


measures_info:
CF12: Encouragement needed to ensure new buildings are constructed so as to include nesting opportunities
CS03: Installation of nestboxes in areas where nest sites are in short supply. Nest sites have been lost in older buildings due to refurbishment and new modern buildings leave no spaces for nest sites.


measures_info:
al traterse de una especie no amenazada, las medidas de conservación son locales, se hacen cajas nido y se ponene en los nuevos edificios o tejados y  no hacer reformas o construcciones en el periodo reproductivo 

BirdLife International 2016. Apus apus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22686800A86111691. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686800A86111691.en.

Https://www.seo.org/ave/vencejo-comun/


measures_info:
Loss of nesting sites, through the repair and blocking up of suitable cavities in older buildings, has been implicated in the loss of Swifts from towns and villages across Ireland (Whelan et al. 2019). Recent conservation efforts in some counties  (by local Swift action Groups appear to be paying dividends and increasing awareness of the issue.

The conservation measures listed above are considered the most relevant for the species.

Actions highlighted in Whelan et al.  (2019) include:
 - provision of nest sites (including nest-boxes) in all new public buildings and retro-fit suitable public buildingswith Swift nest-boxes
- planners can recommend mitigation for the loss of Swifts and make provisions for the species in relevant planning applications
- maintain exisiting nest sites undisturbed
Other measures identified but not taken include:
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
CS03: Installation of artificial nesting bank built in 2013-14, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and provides nesting habitat. https://www.swift-conservation.org/Leaflet 4 - Swift Nest Bricks - installation & suppliers-small.pdf & http://www.bristolswifts.co.uk/swift-colony/


measures_info:
actually we know a little about this species in the Netherlands


measures_info:
will profite from restoration of ecohydrology (nature restoration projects) / will profit from restoration of habitat through adapted management (nature restoration projects) / goals set in Sigma project


measures_info:
CI03 - Management, control or eradication of other invasive alien species:  American mink (Neovison vison)


measures_info:
40% of the reports - measures not identified


measures_info:
Fenotipic and molecular investigations to achieve improved knowledge on taxonomic validation of the subspecies Perdix perdix italica [Hartert, 1917] are reported in the Species  National Plan for Perdix perdix (Trocchi V., Riga F., Meriggi A., Toso S., 2016 (a cura di). Piano d’azione nazionale per la Starna (Perdix perdix). Quad. Cons. Natura, 39 MATTM – ISPRA, Roma.


measures_info:
CB03: Restore wet woodland habitat with decaying stumps
CB14: Enhancement of wetlands within woodland nature reserves and other areas
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Carr, G. & Lunn, J. 2017. Thriving Willow Tits in a post-industrial landscape. British Birds 110: 233-240.


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:

B05 - Adapt/manage forest regeneration and exploitation practices
CI05 - Management of problematic native species
CL04 - Other measures related to natural processes


measures_info:
CB05: https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/images/corporate/pdf/Guidancenote32Birddisturbance.pdf
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature


measures_info:
[1] National SAP. 2015. https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/metsis_tk_2015.pdf


measures_info:
In Brandenburg wurde ein Wiederansiedlungsprogramm nach 20jähriger Lebensraumvorbereitung begonnen.


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein Förderung einer extensiven Grünlandbewirtschaftung zur Verbesserung der Nahrungshabitate sowie Entschädigung von Weideschäden durch Ringelgänse im Rahmen des Vertragsnaturschutz 'Halligprogramm' (https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/V/vertragsnaturschutz/Downloads/Halligprogramm.pdf;jsessionid=EC406F498A3FD27028D300C4D51D9341?__blob=publicationFile&v=3).


measures_info:
CA16: Ensure any derogated killing is undertaken only as last resort
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Strategic approaches to managing recreational disturbance on SPAs, eg N Kent, Solent, Humber
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Coastal restoration and managed retreat, e.g. Steart Marshes; Humber; Wallasea Island
Suite of SPAs assessed as ecologically insufficient: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Dark-belliedBrentGooseBrantaberniclabernicla.pdf


measures_info:
Other conservation measures developed in Galicia:
- Launch of the "Plan territorial de contingencias por contaminación marina accidental da Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia (CAMGAL) " to act rapidly against sudden marine pollution events.
(https://www.xunta.gal/dog/Publicados/2016/20161025/AnuncioG0244-181016-0001_es.html).

- Placement of fences and attraction systems to protect birds and promote their settling and breeding. (http://www.parquenacionalillasatlanticas.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=154&Itemid=627&lang=es), (http://www.parquenacionalillasatlanticas.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=154&Itemid=627&lang=es)


measures_info:
There are significant data gaps with regard this species in Irish waters but available data would indicate that measures to reduce bycatch would be relevant here:
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species


measures_info:
KOSTEIKKOJEN HOITO (koodi?)

REHEVÖITYMISEN VÄHENTÄMINEN (koodi?)


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus (non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CI05: Appropriate predator control at important sites
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus (breeding).pdf


measures_info:
CA15: Hydrological management of lowland freshwaters on reserves and elsewhere
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature


measures_info:
In future measures may be needed to avoid  collissions with wind turbines and/or power lines.


measures_info:
In Berlin, Hamburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen Schutz vorhandener Brutplätze vor Beeinträchtigungen durch Etablierung von Horstschutzzonen; Horstschutzzonen in Schleswig-Holstein im Landesnaturschutzgesetz §28b, Ruhezonen im Horstumfeld in den Handlungsgrundsätzen des Landesforsts in Natura 2000-Gebieten verankert (https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/N/natura2000/Downloads/handlungsgrundsaetzeWald.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3), in Berlin in Schutzgebietsverordnung vorgeschrieben; in Sachsen jährliche Erfassung der Brutplätze, Steuerung der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten innerhalb von 25 Horstschutzzonen auf 750 ha, Erhaltung von Altholz um die Brutplätze.


measures_info:
The following measures have been identified, but not taken to any significant degree:
CA09 - Manage the use of natural fertilisers and chemicals in agricultural (plant and animal) production
CA11 - Reduce pollution to surface/ground waters from agricultural activities
CB05 - Adapt/manage forest management and expolitation practices
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CC06 - Reduce impact of service corridors and networks
CG04 - Control/eradication of illegal killing, fishing and harvesting
Currently the R.A.P.T.O.R. Protocol records reported incidents for persecution, killing and illegal poisoning.  No further measures in terms of control/eradication.
CF03 - Reduce impact of outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities
CG06 - Reduce impact of lead poisoning
CI07 - Controlling and eradicating plant and animal diseases, pathogens and pests
CS01 - Reinforce populations of species from the directives
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
CB05: https://www.forestry.gov.uk/PDF/fcpn101.pdf/$FILE/fcpn101.pdf https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/images/corporate/pdf/Guidancenote32Birddisturbance.pdf
CF01: No SPAs yet classified. When this occures, statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in these areas will occur
CS02: Potential re-introduction to England being considered
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309 SPAs identfied but not yet classified: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla.pdf


measures_info:
30% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
To avoid  collissions with wind turbines and/or power lines  windturbines in sensitive areas will have detection devices to indicate when the blades should stop rotating.


measures_info:
Most of the measures mentioned above have been carried out in different regions in Spain.


measures_info:
Measures CA03, CB01, CC06, CS03 have been already implemented.


measures_info:
Agri-environment scheme to preserve semi-natural meadows / Direct protection of nests in grassland 
	restoration/improvement of habitat through adapted management/ manage/restore hydrological regime / purchase of new areas/ SBP Kwartelkoning


measures_info:
CA01: Prevention of loss, to agricultural intensification, of lowland wet grassland and upland in-bye
CA02: Retention of uncut field margins
CA03: Agri-environment and species management support in Scotland
CA05: Schemes to encourage delayed hay cutting and concrake friendly mowing (inside to out/in strips to cover)
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CS02: Re-establishment project in Nene Washes SPA


measures_info:
In 2015, the 'Framework for Corncrake Conservation to 2022' provided an update on the 2005 'All-Ireland Species Action Plan' and includes current measures being undertaken to support Corncrakes.  The most relevant measures are listed above.  A summary of these and additional measures are available in the supporting Article 12 document (O'Donoghue 2019) with full details available in the 'Framework for Corncrake Conservation' (NPWS 2015) and useful links listed below.  
In summary the current GLAS Scheme has 64 participants 

Other conservation measures also identified through the Article 12 process include:
CL02 - Minimise or prevent impacts of geological and natural catastrophes
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 Implement climate change adaptation measures.

NPWS (2015) A Framework For Corncrake Conservation to 2022. National Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage & the Gaeltacht. 03 November 2015.

O’Donoghue, B. (2019). Corncrake supporting document for Article 12 reporting period 2013-2018. National Parks & Wildlife Service, Killarney.

All-Ireland Species Action Plan
http://www.npws.ie/publications/speciesactionplans/2005_Group_SAP.pdf

Corncrake Grant Scheme
https://www.npws.ie/farmers-and-landowners/schemes/corncrake-grant-scheme

NPWS Farm Plan Scheme
https://www.npws.ie/farmers-and-landowners/schemes/npws-farm-plan-scheme
https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/files/npws-farm-plan-scheme-terms-conditions-2017.pdf

NPWS Corncrake Farm Plan Scheme
https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/files/Corncrake%20Farm%20Plan%20Scheme%20T%26C.pdf

GLAS Scheme: Green Low-carbon Agri-environment Scheme (GLAS) 
https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/farmerschemespayments/glas/Conservation Measures:


measures_info:
In Sachsen Habitatverbesserung durch Vernässung, jährliche Erfassung der Brutplätze, örtliche und zeitliche Steuerung der landwirtschaftlichen Bewirtschaftung, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP: Maßnahmen zur natur- und artenschutzgerechten Grünlandnutzung, Anpassung der Mahdtermine, Bereitstellung von Brachflächen); in Hessen wurde ein Artenhilfskonzept 'Wachtelkönig' erarbeitet; in Sachsen-Anhalt ergriffene Maßnahmen bei weitem noch nicht ausreichend.


measures_info:
more habitat restoration measrues needed and international action


measures_info:
Calling males normally do not return to the same field which makes protection and adaptation of field management extremely difficult and resource demanding.


measures_info:
Key breeding sites are designated as SPAs or equivalent. Hunting of the species is limited to certain seasons. Almost all wetlands are 'no hunting' areas.


measures_info:
40% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken
40% of the reports - measures identified and taken


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CJ01 - Reduce impact of mixed source pollution
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures
CN02 - Implement climate change adaptation measures


measures_info:
40% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken
40% of the reports -measures identified and taken


measures_info:
50% of the reports - measures identified but not yet taken


measures_info:
CL01: Reedbed management
CS03: Reedbed creation


measures_info:
In Sachsen-Anhalt waren die ergriffenen Erhaltungsmaßnahmen in einem Einstandsgebiet erfolgreich, weitere Einstandsgebiete sind weiterhin verwaist.


measures_info:
Barrientos, R., Ponce, C., Palacín, C., Martín, C.A., Martín, B., & Alonso, J.C. (2012). Wire marking results in a small but significant reduction in avian mortality at power lines: a BACI designed study. PLoS One, 7(3), e32569.

Íñigo, A., Infante, O., Valls, J. & Atienza, J.C. (2008). Directrices para la redacción de planes o instrumentos de gestión de las Zonas de Especial Protección para las Aves. SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. (https://www.seo.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Planes-de-Gesti%C3%B3n-de-ZEPAS.pdf)

Orden Foral 61/2018, de 27 de febrero de 2018, de la Consejera de Desarrollo Rural, Medio Ambiente y Administración Local, por la que se establece el régimen general para la concesión, gestión y control en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra de ayudas agroambiente y clima (medida 10) y agricultura ecológica (medida 11), incluidas en el Programa de Desarrollo Rural de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra 2014-2020:
- Ayuda a la Mejora de hábitats agrarios esteparios.
- Ayuda a la Mejora del hábitat estepario del sisón y la avutarda.

Ponce, C. (2016). Eficacia de medidas compensatorias para la conservación de estepas agrícolas en áreas importantes para las aves del centro peninsular. Tesis doctoral. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.


measures_info:
Barrientos, R., Ponce, C., Palacín, C., Martín, C.A., Martín, B., & Alonso, J.C. (2012). Wire marking results in a small but significant reduction in avian mortality at power lines: a BACI designed study. PLoS One, 7(3), e32569.

Íñigo, A., Infante, O., Valls, J. & Atienza, J.C. (2008). Directrices para la redacción de planes o instrumentos de gestión de las Zonas de Especial Protección para las Aves. SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. Https://www.seo.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Planes-de-Gesti%C3%B3n-de-ZEPAS.pdf

Orden Foral 61/2018, de 27 de febrero de 2018, de la Consejera de Desarrollo Rural, Medio Ambiente y Administración Local, por la que se establece el régimen general para la concesión, gestión y control en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra de ayudas agroambiente y clima (medida 10) y agricultura ecológica (medida 11), incluidas en el Programa de Desarrollo Rural de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra 2014-2020: 
- Ayuda a la Mejora de hábitats agrarios esteparios.
- Ayuda a la Mejora del hábitat estepario del sisón y la avutarda.

Ponce, C. (2016). Eficacia de medidas compensatorias para la conservación de estepas agrícolas en áreas importantes para las aves del centro peninsular. Tesis doctoral. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Verbesserung der Nahrungshabitate durch Wiedervernässungsmaßnahmen, Förderung von Feuchtgrünland; in Thüringen Regulation des Stauregimes von Wasserspeichern.


measures_info:
Project "Improving of the conservation status of specially protected bird species in Natura 2000 site "Adazi"" took place from 2013. till 2018. Wood Sandpiper was one of the target species of the project.


measures_info:
CB15 ja CS03: Nest boxes, about a half of the population breeds in nest boxes.


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 627-628.


measures_info:
CB15 and CL04: Refers to the disappearance of the dynamics of small mammalian populations


measures_info:
Catálogo de medidas de protección de la agricultura y ganadería. (https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/conservacion-de-especies/ce_silvestres_resolucion_abejaruco_tcm30-201421.pdf)


measures_info:
CB02: Retain old trees with nesting holes
CB03: Agri-environment schemes to reinstate woodland management to provide variety of structure
CB05: Agri-environment schemes for woodland improvement - long term roation of group felling, manage rides/glades, manage woodland edge, retain deadwood.


measures_info:
CJ03: Wetland restoration on protected areas (nature reserves) and elsewhere, e.g. Acheson, N. 2016. Great bird reserves: Cley Marshes. British Birds 109: 706-723. Rowlands, A. 2017. Great bird reserves: RSPB Minsmere. British Birds 110: 435-455. Hughes, S. 2018. Great bird reserves: Ham Wall. British Birds 111: 211-225.
CL01: Reedbed management
CS03: Reedbed creation


measures_info:
The measures listed below have been identified for the current pressures but not yet taken to any significant degree:
CA02 - Restore small landscape features on agricultural land
CA10 - Reduce/eliminate point pollution to surface or ground waters from agricultural activities
CA15 - Manage drainage and irrigation operations and infrastructures in agriculture
CL01 - Management of habitats (others than agriculture and forest) to slow, stop or reverse natural processes


measures_info:
CA16: Targeted agri-environment scheme measures: Baker, D.J., Freeman, S.N., Grice, P.V. & Sirwardena, G.M. 2012. Landscape-scale responses of birds to agri-environment management: a test of the English Environmental Stewardship scheme. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 871-882.


measures_info:
In Sachsen Wiederherstellung von Feldrainen, Feldhecken, Flurholzstreifen und Waldrändern, Pflanzung von Einzelbäumen und Heckenneuanlage, Umsetzung von Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP zur Förderung einer naturschutzgerechten Ackerbewirtschaftung, Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen); darüber hinaus Durchführung von Beweidungsprojekten sowie Ackerprojekten mit Verzicht auf Pflanzenschutzmittel; in Sachsen-Anhalt sind die Maßnahmen bislang nicht ausreichend, trotz Zunahme in einigen EU-SPA landesweiter Rückgang.


measures_info:
species has gone extinct as a consequence of agricultural intensifation inc. crop change, little action has been taken to restore habitat for this species.


measures_info:
ISPRA-MATTM, 2017. Piano di gestione nazionale della coturnice (Alectoris graeca). 35 pp. https://www.minambiente.it/sites/default/files/archivio/biblioteca/protezione_natura/Piano_Gestione_Coturnice.pdf

Palumbo G. & Lo Valvo M., 1999. Management Statement for Sicilian Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca whitakeri. Final Draft, December 1999. Prepared by BirdLife International on behalf of the European Commission. 8 pp.
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/wildbirds/action_plans/docs/alectoris_graeca_whitakeri.pdf


measures_info:
preserve waterditches in open farmland where the species is present / wetlands management
	restoration/improvement of habitat through adapted management / reinstate/adapt forest management / restore small landscape features / restoration of ecohydrology


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen Entwicklung von Feuchtgebieten und Röhrichten; in Sachsen Vernässung von Feuchtwiesen (50 ha), Wasserstandsanhebung und Teilentlandung im Rahmen der Umsetzung von Ausgleichs- und Ersatzmaßnahmen (14 ha), jährliche Erfassung und Steuerung fischereilicher Aktivitäten (Schilfschnitt) auf 500 ha.


measures_info:
National plan adopted for this species in Spain and guidelines for its habitat management: Grupo de Trabajo del urogallo pirenaico (2005). Estrategia para la conservación del urogallo pirenaico (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus) en España. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, 21pp. (https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/publicaciones/pbl_conserv_urogallo_pirenaico_tcm30-194778.pdf)

Habitat management guidelines: 
Canut, J., García-Ferré, D. & Alfons,. (2011). Manual de conservación y manejo del hábitat del urogallo pirenaico. Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino. Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi Natural. Serie manuales de gestión de especies amenazadas. Madrid. 220pp.


measures_info:
restoration of habitat through adapted management / restore ecohydrology / avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / non-huntable species / goals set in Sigma areas


measures_info:
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature
CF03: Management of watersports and other forms of disturbance at lowland wetlands
CF09: Avoidance/mitigation measures put in place around SPAs
CF10: Creation of new habitat to replace that lost to coastal squeeze
CG02: Management of quarry species through Codes of Guidance and other good practice, including refuge provision and occasional suspensions of shooting in periods of prolonged severe winter weather (http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2894).
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/UKSPA3_Shoveler Anas clypeata (non-breeding).pdf


measures_info:
avoid damage to nests / realisation Annex I habitats / maintain extensive management practices / manage/restore hydrological regime / habitat improvement for the species


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein Erhaltungsmaßnahmen im Rahmen des laufenden EU-LIFE-Projekts 'LIMOSA' (2012 - 2022) der Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein zusammen mit dem Michael-Otto-Institut im NABU (https://bergenhusen.nabu.de/forschung/life-limosa/index.html; https://www.wo-ist-greta.de/was/gretas-helfer/life-limosa/).


measures_info:
Información proporcionada por las Comunidades Autónomas. 

Leyrer, J., Brown, D., Gerritsen, G., Hötker, H. & Ottvall, R. (compilers). (2018) International Multi-species Action Plan for the Conservation of Breeding Waders in Wet Grassland Habitats in Europe (2018-2028). Report of Action A13 under the framework of Project LIFE EuroSAP (LIFE14 PRE/UK/002). NABU, RSPB, VBN and SOF. (http://www.trackingactionplans.org/SAPTT/downloadDocuments/openDocument?idDocument=61)


measures_info:
Información proporcionada por las Comunidades Autónomas.

Leyrer, J., Brown, D., Gerritsen, G., Hötker, H. & Ottvall, R. (compilers). (2018) International Multi-species Action Plan for the Conservation of Breeding Waders in Wet Grassland Habitats in Europe (2018-2028). Report of Action A13 under the framework of Project LIFE EuroSAP (LIFE14 PRE/UK/002). NABU, RSPB, VBN and SOF. (http://www.trackingactionplans.org/SAPTT/downloadDocuments/openDocument?idDocument=61)


measures_info:
In Nordrhein-Westfalen und Thüringen Verbesserung der Nahrungshabitate durch Wiedervernässungsmaßnahmen, Schaffung von Feuchtgrünland und Schlammfluren, Regulation des Stauregimes von Wasserspeichern; in Sachsen-Anhalt wurden Maßnahmen bisher nur in ausgewählten Vogelschutzgebieten im Rahmen von Vorhaben zur Verbesserung des Wasserhaushaltes ergriffen.


measures_info:
species' numbers have decreased strongly as a consequence of agricultural intensifation. Only at small spatial scale (mostly in meadow nature reserves) habitat restoration has been carried out, needed at a larger scale for population recovery


measures_info:
in particular worsened habitat quality of meadows as  a conseuqence of modern farming, Little measures taken to undo this.


measures_info:
Suite of SPAs assessed as insufficient in terms of numbers, range and ecology: Stroud, D.A., Bainbridge, I.P., Maddock, A., Anthony, S., Baker, H., Buxton, N., Chambers, D., Enlander, I., Hearn, R.D., Jennings, K.R, Mavor, R., Whitehead, S. & Wilson, J.D. - on behalf of the UK SPA & Ramsar Scientific Working Group (eds.) (2016). The status of UK SPAs in the 2000s: the third network review. 1,108 pp. JNCC, Peterborough. http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-7309
CF01: Statutory control of land use and other factors potentially affecting the species in and around SPAs for which the species is a qualifying feature


measures_info:
Other measures not detailed above that may be necessary for the long-term conservation of this species include:
CA05 - Adapt mowing, grazing and other equivalent agricultural activities
CC03 - Adapt/manage renewable energy installation, facilities and operation
CG05 - Reduce bycatch and incidental killing of non-target species
CN01 - Adopt climate change mitigation measures


measures_info:
breeding effort is still too low, partly because of food shortage as a consequence of over fishing


measures_info:
In Schleswig-Holstein Gewährleistung der Rattenfreiheit am einzigen Brutplatz auf der Hallig Norderoog.


measures_info:
in anderen Bundesländern bereits ergriffene Maßnahmen (die wichtigsten 10):
BW: CF12, CJ02
SN: CG01, CG02, CG14, CI02, CS03
HE, TH: CA15
RP: CF03
TH: CA07


measures_info:
En 2017 el Gobierno de La Rioja declaró el Área Natural Singular “Zonas húmedas y yasas de La Degollada y El Recuenco” en Calahorra y aprobó sus normas de protección (Decreto 36/2017, de 21 de julio).
(https://ias1.larioja.org//cex/sistemas/GenericoServlet?servlet=cex.sistemas.dyn.portal.ImgServletSis&code=oumCvWIgBUF6lChv9ZDgP%2FhXhSM%2FFmcHNWCW3q4TVjzApHyqPVxRsoD%2BHW0E2YV6LEXZYSr1AOG4%0AikryVoQ55GgOpcWpcOgUf%2F5wfx5pENs%3D&&&).


measures_info:
although several marsh restoration measures haven been taken, more are needed (inc wintering areas) to restore the population to its national target (Foppen et al. 2016)


measures_info:
In Wallonia measurements need to implemented/ reduce drainage and water regulation around wetlands/ restore natural conditions for some river stretches or wetlands / reedbed management and restoration
restore ecohydrology / creation of specific habitat for the species / restoration of habitat through adapted management / modification flooding regime


measures_info:
Haraszthy L. (szerk.) (2014): Natura 2000 fajok és élohelyek Magyarországon. Pro Vértes Közalapítvány, Csákvár. p. 529-531.
Fajmegorzési Tervek/Fehér gólya (Ciconia ciconia), VM Környezetügyért Felelos Államtitkárság, 2013.


measures_info:
CB05 = only in South-Moravia natural forest population


measures_info:
In Brandenburg, Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen Errichtung, Unterhaltung/Sanierung von Niststätten/-hilfen; Brandenburg hält Maßnahmen für Ostzieher-Population wohl eher notwendig als für Westzieher-Population; in Sachsen Neuanlage und Wiederherstellung von Nahrungshabitaten (z. B. Teiche), Biotopsanierung durch Mahd, Bereitstellung/Optimierung von Nahrungshabitaten im Rahmen der Förderung von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (sächsisches Förderprogramm AUNaP: Maßnahmen zur natur- und artenschutzgerechten Ackerbewirtschaftung und Grünlandnutzung, Staffelmahd, Bereitstellung von Brache- und Blühflächen, überwinternde Stoppel); in Schleswig-Holstein Durchführung von naturschutzorientierten Forschungsprojekten zur Erarbeitung fachlicher Grundlagen zum Schutz der Art (https://bergenhusen.nabu.de/weissstorch/index.html).


