# Phare12_QUAL

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zachowane naturalne obszary zalewowe; flora obejmuje 230 gat.; ostoja lêgowa 55 gat. ptaków


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Unikatowe dobrze zachowane zespo³y starorzeczy i zwi¹zanych z nimi zbiorowisk wodnych, a tak¿e leœnych i ³¹kowych.


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The site supports a rich breeding bird community with some rarities. It is also an important feeding area for Ciconia ciconia, Ciconia nigra, Milvus migrans and Haliaeetus albicilla, nesting nearby. Siemieñ ponds are the moulting place of 250-550 specimens of Cygnus olor.


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Altogether, 60 bird species were observed here, including 26 nesting and 9 probably nesting ones, some rare in Poland. Jedna z najwiêkszych w Polsce kolonii Larus ridibundus (ponad 1000 par).


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W 1991 roku kolonia mopka liczy³a 31 osobników.


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kilkanaœcie okazów Emys orbicularis stwierdzonych przy pojedynczej obserwacji


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Fort "Staro³êka" jest zaliczany do najwa¿niejszych miejsc zimowania nietoperzy w Polsce (634 osobników w 1994r.) - IV w Polsce zimowisko pod wzglêdem liczebnoœci. Aktualnie wzrost liczebnoœci mopka (Barbastella barbastellus).


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W ostoi stwierdzno 154 gatunki ptaków, z których 76 tutaj gniazduje. The site supports 76 nesting bird species (from 154 observed ones). It is a refuge of ca 50 non-breeding specimens of Grus grus. In summer it is a place of concentration of cranes from local population; in autumn - up to 1000 individuals. On spring migrations - 4000 Anser fabalis, A. anser and A. albifrons.


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The area harbours some threatened and rare breeding bird species.


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najwiêksze tego typu skupisko dêbów w Europie;


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Bardzo bogata flora - ponad 700 gat., zgrupowanie roœlin z ró¿nych elementów geograficznych; 109 gat. mchów; 23 gat. w¹trobowców.


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The area supports some rare and threatened breeding species.


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Bogate runo z obuwikiem cypripedium calceolus.


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Jedno z nielicznych stanowisk goŸdzika sinego Dianthus gratianopolitanus na pn. granicy zasiêgu.


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Jedno z czerech istniej¹cych w G091 stanowisk Dianthus gratianopolitanus.


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Rzadkie gatunki roœlinnoœci wodnej i torfowiskowej.


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jedno z 4 istniej¹cych stanowisk w regionie G091;


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The Morasko Meteorite Reserve is a world scale curiosity.


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Bardzo liczna populacja, w 1970-1990 kwit³o kilka tysiecy osobników.


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W ostoi stwierdzono ponad 170 gatunków ptaków, w tym 136 gatunków lêgowych, ma ona du¿e znaczenie dla zimowania i migracji ponad 40 gatunków ptaków.


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Jedno z 3 stanowisk w Polsce A. repens - kilkaset osobników (najliczniejsze). Roœlina tworzy zwarte p³aty, obficie kwitnie, ale rozwija siê tylko niewielka czêœæ owoców.


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Rzadki typ torfowiska: rzadkie gatunki mchów Scorpidium scorpioides, Camptothecium nitens i wapieniolubny Philonotis calcarea.


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The area harbours 131 nesting bird species including some threatened. Very important for migrations - in spring ca 5000 birds, in autumn - 8 - 10 000 birds, e. g. 4600 Vanellus vanellus, 2000 Philomachus pugnax). Moulting area for Cygnus olor (150), Anas crecca (800) and Anas platyrhynchos. IBA-ostoja o randze europejskiej.


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sta³e (prawdopodobnie od lat 70tych) stanowisko Cygnus cygnus;


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Important for breeding and migrating waterfowl;


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The area supports a rich community of breeding birds (153 species - about 67% of Polish avifauna) with many rare and threatened species. It is also important for passage waterfowl. Maximum concentrations of Anser fabalis, A. albifrons and A. anser reach here 15 000 individuals, those of A. platyrhynchos and A. crecca, 20 000 ind. Up to 1200 ind. of Philomachus pugnax were also noted.


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miejsce lêgowe ptactwa wodno-b³otnego z du¿¹ koloni¹ mewy œmieszki; jeden z najcenniejszych fragmentów Puszczy Bieniszewskiej;


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Jedno z dwóch miejsc wystêpowania w Polsce Apium repens wyznaczaj¹cych wschodni kres zasiêgu gatunku; lêgowiska ptaków wodno-b³otnych;


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przyk³ad charakterystycznej rzŸby strefy marginalnej l¹dolodu; bujna i zró¿nicowana roœlinnoœæ;


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In the eighties area supported ca 95 breeding bird species, including many rare and threatened, and was included among IBAs.


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Na stawach gniazduje ok. 50 gatunków ptaków wodno-b³otnych, a w okresie wêdrówe pojawia siê tu ponad 100 gatunków ptaków zwi¹zanych z siedliskami podmok³ymi. Koncentracje ptaków wodno-b³otnych przekraczaj¹ czêsto 10 000 osobników, a siewkowców 2 000 os. Ostoja stanowi te¿ pierzowisko ok 250 ³abêdzi niemych.


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The ponds support c. 50 breeding species of waterfowl. It is a nesting place for 24 pairs of Circus aeruginosus and a moulting area of Cygnus olor (to 250 ind.).


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Ostoja wyró¿nia siê obecnoœci¹ formacji krasowych z 24 jaskiniami - miejscami zimowania bogatej fauny nietoperzy. We florze - liczne górskie wapieniolubne gatunki. Wystêpuj¹ tu równie¿ rzadkie gatunki poœród lêgowej ornitofauny (116 gat. lêgowych)


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Typowo "jurajski" krajobraz; zimowiska nietoperzy


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Bogate zgrupowanie lêgowych ptaków wodno-b³otnych; ostoja wa¿na równie¿ dla ptaków wodno-b³otnych migruj¹cych.


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The Rawka and its valley represent considerable natural and scenic qualities. Of special value is its part flowing in the Bolimów forest. Its waters are relatively clean with rich ichtiofauna. The section between ¯ydomice and Mogi³a supports a beaver colony (5 localities in 1989). Wystêpuje tu Potamobius astacus.


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The area supports a fairly rich breeding community of rare and threatened bird species.


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The area supports a breeding community of rare and endangered bird species. It is also important for passage waders.


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It is the largest and best preserved forest complex in the province of Skierniewice. In the Rawka River valley the European beaver has its localities. There is also the station of Allophora accurans, a peculiarity on the scale of Europe. W wodach Rawki stwierdzono obecnoœæ 360 gatunków glonów, m.in. krasnorost Batrachospermum ectocarpum, a w odcinku Ÿród³owym Tetraspora cylindrica. Rawka jest jedn¹ z najczystszych rzek w Polsce œrodkowej.


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The area supports a fairly rich breeding community of rare and threatened bird species. W czasie przelotów zatrzymuje siê tu szereg nielêgowych gatunków; liczebnoœæ bielika siêga kilku osob.


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Cenny naukowo i dydaktycznie. Obecnoœæ strzebli przekopowej i ro¿eñca czyni¹ z tego rezerwatu obiekt o znaczeniu ponadregionalnym.


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refugium cennych przyrodniczo gatunków roœlin;


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Du¿e znaczenie dydaktyczne i poznawcze a ponadto refugium bezkrêgowców w regionie silnie zurbanizowanym. Jedyno z kilku i najbardziej na pó³noc wysuniête stanowisko Mantis religiosa polonica Bazyluk (Mantidae) w Polsce, a Anthrenus picturatus makowskii (Dermestidae) jest podgatunkiem znanym tylko z Polski.


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Wystêpuje tu (oprócz wymienionych w INVERTEBRATES gatunków) kilka gatunków têczników Calosoma, kilkanaœcie gatunków biegaczy Carabus i kilkanaœcie gatunków trzmieli Bombus. Ostoja ptaków - 136 gatunków w tym rzadkie ptaki drapie¿ne.


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Betula humilis i Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum maj¹ tu prawdopodobnie jedyne w tym okrêgu istniej¹ce stanowiska - najbli¿ej Warszawy.


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Wa¿na ostoja dla zimuj¹cych kaczkowatych (do 6800 osobników) i ptaków przelotnych (do 11200 osobników wiosn¹ i 18200 osobników jesieni¹).


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The site supports 40-50 species of breeding waterfowl with many rarities. Also a feeding area for C. nigra (5-6p) and C. aeruginosus (5-6p) nesting nearby. It is a very important area for wintering and migrating birds (chiefly Passeriformes and Charadriiformes) which feed there.


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Jedna z najwiêkszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce (200 os. w 1990 r.), w tym Barbastella barbastellus (173 os.) - Fort Sturbiny I. W/g Lesiñskiego (1988) w Modliñskich Fortach zimuje ok. 400 osobników nietoperzy.


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Jedna z 20 najwiêkszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce (1992 rok - 98 osobników);


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The site supports a rich breeding community of rare and threatened birds.


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The site includes the largest and best preserved, in the region, fir woods.


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Ornitofauna Czaplowizny zosta³a uznana za pierwotny zespó³ ptaków o cechach przewodnich, w³aœciwych np. dla Puszczy Bia³owieskiej. Zalatuj¹ tu ptaki wodno-b³otne np. ¿uraw Grus grus z pobliskich terenów nadbu¿añskich. Ze wzglêdu na bogat¹ ornitofaunê, du¿e zró¿nicowanie i dobry stan zachowania zbiorowisk roœlinnych oraz walory krajobrazowe ostoja jest jedn¹ wa¿niejszych w województwie.


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O randze ostoi decyduj¹ unikatowe w skali œwiatowej z³o¿a ammonitów.


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ichtiofauna - 23 gatunki, wody zaliczane do I klasy czystoœci;


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18 gatunków z wystêpuj¹cych tu roœlin jest objêtych ochron¹ ca³kowit¹ a 9 czêœciow¹; wiele jest gat. rzadkich w skali regionu. Liczne okazy drzew zas³uguj¹ na status pomnika przyrody.


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Na wrzosowiskach w g³êbi lasów jedyna w regionie ostoja cietrzewia.


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The area supports a rich community of threatened bird species. It is also an important area for passage Anatidae.


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Kolonia lêgowa bociana bia³ego, druga co do wielkoœci na Œl¹sku, 1974 - 8 par, 1984 - 12 par.


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Stanowisko nowego dla Polski kruszczyka po³abskiego, Epipactis albensis i 11 innych roœlin chronionych.


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The site supports numerous bird rarities with Black Stork and some species of raptors (occurring here in larger numbers). Numerous are species connected with old stands.


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It support a rich breeding community of threatened bird species. Important for migrating Anatidae, black cormorant (100 ind. in spring and 800 ind. in autumn) and white eagle.


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An important area for waterfowl in passage.


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The area supports some threatened bird species. Important for migratingwaterfowl; over 10000 ind. of Anatidae appear on autumn passages.


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In autumn numbers of migrating Anatidae exceed here 10000 ind.


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Miejsce odpoczynku ptaków w okresie wêdrówek i zimowisko niektórych ich gatunków (w okresie wêdrówek gêsi - Anser fabalis i A. albifrons - tworz¹ stada licz¹ce ok. 19 tys. osobników, zaœ w zimie, gdy zbiornik nie jest zamarzniêty to przebywa tu 7-9 tys. osobników).


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The area harbours nearly 100 breeding bird species with some rarities; numerous kites and honey buzzards. Important area for middle spotted woodpecker. Rich site of Trapa natans and Salvinia natans - reserve "Odrzysko": wielohektarowe powierzchnie zajête przez T. natans.


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Bogata fauna paj¹ków, chrz¹szczy, i motyli; 58 gat. lêgowych ptaków; 40 gat. ssaków; zabytki archeologiczne: krêgi kamienne otaczaj¹ce niegdysiejsze miejsce kultu bóstwa s³onecznego, wczesnoœredniowieczne kurhany; na Górze Œlê¿y zespó³ rzeŸb i krêgów kultowych z okresu kultury ³u¿yckiej; Asplenium adulterianum - Czerwona Ksiêga Roœlin


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254 gatunki roœlin naczyniowych, liczne gatunki rzadkie i gatunki górskie;


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Puchacz obserwowany w 1984 i 1985r.; stanowiska roœlinnoœci reliktowej;


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Stanowiska paproci serpentynowych takich jak Asplenium adiantum-nigrum (zanikcica ciemna);


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Wystêpowanie cennych fitocenoz wilgotnych lasów. Bogata ornitofauna lêgowa (135 gatunków). Sporadycznie zalatuj¹ tu takie rzadkie gatunki jak czapla purpurowa, sowa b³otna, nur czarnoszyi.


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The site includes remnants of previous Spa³a Pristine Forest with 200 - 250 year old oaks, pines and firs. Rich enthomofauna with rarities on the scale of Poland, among them O. eremita and Stangalia arcuata, Passaloecus eremita, Dolichoderus quadripunctatus, Leptochilus quadrifasciatus, Criorhina pachymera, C. berberina, Pocota personata, Tamnostoma apiforma, Brachyopa dorsata.


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Zimowisko nietoperzy w tunelu w Konewce pod Tomaszowem Mazowieckim - w 1993 r. 239 os.


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The site comprises beautiful and well-preserved alder swamp forests. Site of Licsus periplecticus.


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98 breeding bird species; the site includes two tooting grounds of Tetrao tetrix (50 males each) on meadows near village of Zagacie and Wielka Borowa.


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Some breeding bird rarities; site important for migrating Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, adjacent to the reservoir forests the best preserved multispecies stands of the Pilica Forest (the greatest forest complex in central Poland).


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The richest ichtyofauna in Pilica drainage basin.


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The site includes krast springs - glacial phenomenon - extremely rare beyond upland and mountain areas. It is one of the most pictureque objects of inaminate nature in Poland. Also a refuge for wintering water fowl. Dianthus caesius jest sztucznie wprowadzony ok. 1935 roku, podobnie jak Rhododendron flavum.


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366 gatunków roœlin naczyniowych w tym 25 gatunków chronionych; wiele gatunków rzadkich w Polsce Œrodkowej. Interesuj¹ce porosty epifityczne, tworz¹ce zespó³ Calicietum viridis. Wartoœci krajobrazowe, naukowe i turystyczne.


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Rzadkie w tym rejonie kraju torfowiska z Liparis loeselii i Tofieldia calyculata.


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Obiekt cenny botanicznie, jedyne w województwie stanowisko Cladium mariscus.


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The site supports well preserved flora and fauna from typical of small rivers of pure waters.


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Recorded 200 bird species, including 147 breeding ones. Numerous rare and protected herbaceous plants.


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kolonia rozrodcza Myotis myotis - 500 osobników:;


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One of the richest (and most valuable) refuges of the wetland fauna and flora in the region; most important refuge of Emys orbicularis; recording of 25 dragonfly species, 21 species of land snails, 43 species of aquatic molluscs, 17 fish species, 10 species of amphibians, 79 nesting birds and 12 species probably breeding or migrating show that Zwolenka Valley is important refuge of wetland biotopes.


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167 plant species including 33 rare in Poland, 65 breeding bird species;


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The site supports 56 breeding species connected with water and marshy habitats. The site is important for Anseriformes and Charadriiformes on passages. Oprócz wymienionych interesuj¹cych gatunków motyli jest to ostoja dla Chrysophanus dispar.


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W ostoi wystêpuj¹ prawie wszystkie zbiorowiska roœlinne Doliny Pilicy, przewa¿aja unikatowe w skali kraju zbiorowiska ³êgowe z wi¹zami, jesionami, jaworami i œwierkami.:


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kolonie rozrodcze Eptesicus serotinus i Plecotus auritus;


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sporadycznie ponad 100 letnie wi¹zy, jesiony i dêby;:


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Part of IBA, area interesting geomorphological, floristic and phytosocjological point of view;:


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Jedno z trzech istniejacych w Polsce stanowisk Ligularia sibirica.


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Gniazdowanie licznych ptaków wodno-b³otnych (33gat.) oraz koncentracje ptaków siewkowych w okresie przelotów. W sumie zanotowano tu 145 gatunków, w tym 47 lêgowych.


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Jedyne, potwierdzone ostatnio stanowisko Potentilla sterilis w Polsce.


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W Jaskini Wiercica jest jedna z 20 najwiêkszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce (147 os. w 1991roku). Kilka jaskiñ znanych jest ze znalezisk archeologicznych i paleontologicznych.


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Sokole Góry jedna z 20 najwiêkszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce - Jaskinia Studnisko (247 osobników w 1991roku), Jaskinia Pod Sokol¹ Gór¹ (265 osobników w 1994); Choleva lederiana gracilenta Szymcz. i Catops tristis infernus Szymcz. endemiczne podgatunki - troglobionty - pierwszy w jaskiniach "Pod Sokol¹" i "Studnisko", drugi w Jask. "Pod Sokol¹"; Hypogastrura cavicola (Born) w Polsce znany z jaskiñ "Pod Sokol¹" i "Nad ród³em" w Dolinie Bêdkowskiej (patrz ostoja G0H100104) oraz Ska³ek Panieñskich (patrz ostoja G0H100105); Onychiurus cf. alborufescens (Vogl.) - w Polsce znany tylko z Jaskini "Pod Sokol¹" Osobliwoœci¹ jaskini "Pod Sokol¹" jest mikroklimat - œrednia temperatura roku ok. +3st (podczas gdy w innych jaskiniach Wy¿yny ok. +8st.).


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Jedyne stanowisko Dianthus gratianopolitanus na Jurze;


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Ostoja wytypowana dla gatunku endemicznego dla Polski, w 1987roku populacja liczy³a kilkadziesi¹t tysiecy osobników;


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Unikatowy na obszarze Jury przyk³ad jaskini rozwiniêtej na potê¿nych szczelinach tektonicznych;


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Walory krajobrazowe, wiele gatunków rzadkich i chronionych;


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Enchytraeus polonicus Dumnicka - gatunek nowy dla nauki; The most important place of bat hibernation in the region (several hundred specimens hibernate there yearly; Jedna z 20 najwiêkszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce (699 os. w 1994roku, wg ECONET'u w III 1987r. zimowa³o 1477 os.).


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Cenny kompleks wilgotnych lasów liœciastych ³êgowo-olsowych na silnie podmok³ym obszarze Ÿródliskowym. Oko³o 130 letni drzewostan tworzy g³ównie olsza czarna Alnus glutinosa i jesion wynios³y Fraxinus excelsior z domieszk¹ grabu Carpinus betulus, wi¹zu szypu³kowego Ulmus laevis, klonu zwyczajnego Acer platanoides, ..... Na obszarze ostoi w latach 1965-1991 stwierzdzono 79 gatunków motyli dziennych Lepidoptera: Papilonoidea + Hesperoidea co stanowi 49% ropalocerofauny krajowej i 68% gatunków podanych, z dobrze pod tym wzglêdem zbadanej Wy¿yny Czêstochowskiej;


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Bogata sieæ rzek i zbiorników wodnych oraz rozleg³e kompleksy leœne tworz¹ wartoœciowy przyrodniczo system biocenoz hygrofilnych. Du¿e naturalne stanowisko cisa pospolitego Taxus baccata; Stanowiska: Carabus hortensis, C. vidacens, C. granulatus.


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Jedna z liczniejszych kolonii Chlidonias niger na terenie Ma³opolski.


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Najwiêksze tokowisko cietrzeiwa na terenie Ma³opolski;


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Jedno z 3 istniej¹cych stanowisk w Polsce - w 1986 roku ros³o tu78 kêp jêzyczki.


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Jedno z trzech stanowisk Botrychium multifidum w regionie;


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Bogata szata naciekowa (w tym pizoidy czyli per³y jaskiniowe: w niektórych misach wystêpuj¹ liczne utwory naciekowe w kszta³cie kulek, zaokr¹glonych laseczek lub ma³ych dysków - takie masowe wystêpowanie pizoidów opisano z Rumunii i Kuby); ró¿nowiekowe szcz¹tki zwierzêce w osadach; znaleziska œwiadcz¹ce o obecnoœci cz³owieka prehistorycznego; stanowisko Meta menardi (Aranei);


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Jedno z 20 zimowych stanowisk nietoperzy w Polsce godne szczególnej ochrony.


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Bardzo obfite stanowisko Pulsatilla patens;


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Jedyne stanowisko Botrychium matricariiefolium w krainie Œwiêtokrzyskiej (kilka kêpek);


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Jedno z najwiêkszych w woj. kieleckim tokowisk cietrzewi (Tetrao tetrix tetrix).


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Szereg gatunków reliktowych i chronionych, reliktowe arktyczno-borealne mchy np. Bryum neodamense, Meesea triquetra; interesuj¹cy uk³ad przestrzenny zbiorowisk z dobrze zachowan¹ ci¹g³oœci¹ osadów organicznych;


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Niektóre stawy zaroœniête trzcinowiskami. Stanowisko interesuj¹cych bezkrêgowców: Aleuroneura radiata (Psyllodea), Dorcadion scopoli (Cerambycidae).


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The most interesting species of butterflies: Pharmacius carna (Esp.) - mountain element, Venusia cambrica (Curt.) - rare, holarctic element(?) and Epirrhoe molluginata (Hbn.) - Eurocaucasian element, Papilio podalirius. For these species £ysogóry Mts. constitute the northern border range. Thera albonigrata (Schiff. et Den.) is the new species for the Polish fauna. {Pamiêtaæ o Diarsia florida (Schmidt) z terenu projektowanego rezerwatu Zapusty niedaleko Góry Che³mowej - gatunek nowy dla Polski} - Œliwiñski, Wi¹ckowski, Marciniak (1991);


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Interesuj¹ce gatunki bezkrêgowców, w tym Aguetina elegantula.


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lêgowiska i œrodowisko dla znacznej liczby rzedkich i prawnie chronionych ptaków.


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13 gatunków storczyków i inne gin¹ce i zagro¿one gatunki roœlin;


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Ostoja rzadkich gatunków ptaków. G³ówna ostoja modrzewia polskiego w kraju, drzewa do ok. 40m wys., 300 lat, i jod³y ok. 40m wys., 200lat; 12 gatunków storczyków; zespo³y zabytków techniki przemys³u metalurgicznago i urzadzeñ hydrotechnicznych;


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Przyk³ad bogactwa florystycznego i fitosocjologicznego zwi¹zanego z dzia³alnoœci¹ cz³owieka w minionych okresach. Wystepuje tu 15 gatunków storczyków;


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It is the largest on Ma³opolska Upland area of riparian forests with highly diversified stands, supporting particularly valuable flora and fauna.


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Najdalej na pó³noc wysuniete stanowisko ¿o³ny w Polsce;


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Jedyne w Polsce naturalne stanowisko groszku pannoñskiego. Odkryto tu nieznane dotychczas w Polsce gatunki muchówek: Eumerus tricolor, Syrphus punctatulus, Gymnosoma clavatum.


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Jedno z bogatszych stanowisk obuwika; nagromadzenie 11 gatunków storczyków.


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Interesuj¹ca geomorfologia; zjawiska krasowe w dewoñskich wapieniach.


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Obecnoœæ gatunków roœlin prawnie chronionych (27 taksonów w tym 19 chronionych ca³kowicie), 8 taksonów z "czerwonej listy" i innych gatunków interesuj¹cych pod wzglêdem fitogeograficznym. Najwieksza w Europie i najlepiej zachowana kopalnia krzemienia z epoki neolitu. Wysokie walory dydaktyczne.


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Najwiêksze ods³oniêcie kontaktu trzonu paleozoicznego i os³ony permomezozoicznej w Górach Œwiêtokrzyskich, prezentuj¹ce szereg interesuj¹cych zjawisk strukturalno-tektonicznych i litologicznych. Dwie du¿e jaskinie krasowe w obrêbie wapieni dewonu zbardzo ciekaw¹ szat¹ naciekow¹: Chelosiowa Jama i Jaskinia Jaworznicka. W Chelosiowej Jamie jedno z 20 zimowych stanowisk nietoperzy zas³uguj¹ce na szczególn¹ ochronê (zimuje tu 127 osobników - 1994 r.).


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Bardzo obfite stanowisko Cypripedium calceolus (tysi¹ce osobników).


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Najciekawsza morfologicznie grupa ska³ek piaskowcowych (górna jura) w Górach Œwiêtokrzyskich. Ostoja o wybitnych walorach krajobrazowych.


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Carlina onopordifolia - ok. 800 osobników; liczne rzadkie gatunki roœlin.


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Kras gipsowy, kserotermiczne nagipsowe murawy. Stanowiska interesuj¹cych bezkrêgowców: Porrhomma pallidum Jackson, (Aranea; Jask. Stara w Dol. Skorocickiej), P. convexum West (Aranea; Jask. ¯ydowska ko³o Marzêcin), Trioza acutipennis (Homoptera, Psyllidae), Cicadetta adusta (Homoptera), Chilotoma musciformis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), Scythris braschiella, Lysandra thersites (Lepidoptera), Agapanthia violacea (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), Ceuthorrhynchus hungaricus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), Mordellistena koelleri (Coleoptera, Mordellidae), Gymnosoma desertorum (Diptera, Phasidae), Helix lutescens (Gastropoda, Helicidae).


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Submediterrañski gatunek w¹trobowca Fimbriaria saccata; interesuj¹ce mchy: Rhytidium rugosum, Pterygoneurum pusillum; ciekawe gatunki bezkrêgowców np. Mordellistena perparvula (Coleoptera, Mordellidae). Typowo wykszta³cone Sisymbrio-Stipetum capillata.


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Wiele gatunków interesuj¹cych gatunków bezkrêgowców (w tym owadów podawanych jedynie z Ponidzia) ma tu swoje stanowiska np.: Cnemodon latitarsis (Diptera, Syrphidae), Besseria autophila i Gymnosoma clavatum (Diptera, Phasiidae), Halictus tricintus, Sphecodes croaticus, Systropha planidens, Gonotropus fermicarius, Hadronotus pubescens, Sparasion frontalis (Hymenoptera), Tartarogryllus burdigalensis, Gamprocleis glabra (Orthoptera), Cicadetta adusta, Adarrus bellewagi, Macuellus quadricornis (Homoptera), Harpalus zabroides (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Gambus salinellus, Cletis mannerheimi, Nothris lemniscella (Lepidoptera).


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The only in Poland lcality of the carabid Pogonus persiens, œródl¹dowe stanowisko s³onoroœli;


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Miejsce lêgowe wielu gatunków ptaków wodno-b³otnych. Jedne z najwiêkszych rozlewisk w Ma³opolsce.


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Jedno z nielicznych miejsc wystêpowania goŸdzika sinego w Polsce.


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Bardzo rzadkie zbiorowisko w Polsce zawieraj¹ce ró¿ne elementy geograficzne. Naturalna roœlinnoœæ torfowiskowa i niezaburzone staosunki wodne. Wysoka wartoœæ krajobrazowa, naukowa i edukacyjna.


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The most valuable forest complex in the region of Lublin and Bia³a Podlaska with magnificent old-growth oak and pine stands and beautiful alder carrs in Bobrówka river valley. The site includes nesting places of some threatened with extinction bird species.


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The site harbours many rare plant and bird species.


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The site includes the rare in Poland community - Sphagno-Utricularietum, and the rich flora of lower plants, among others - 108 species of macrofungi. W jeziorze obficie roœnie Aldrovanda vesiculosa.;


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stanowisko Betula humilis i Pulsatilla patens;


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The site supports some rare species of waterfowl (important for Sterna hirundo in region GOF).


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Jedna z wiêkszych kolonii bociana bia³ego w Polsce.;


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P³askowy¿ stanowi bardzo wa¿n¹ ostojê dla bezkrêgowców.;


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Jeden z 20 najwiêkszych kolonii zimowych nietoperzy w Polsce.;


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It is the most valuable part of the £êczna - W³odawa Lakeland situated beyond the limits of the last glaciation. With respect to geobotany and phytosociology it is a miniature of the European trundra and forest-tundra, lying farthest to rhe south-west in Europe. The site harborous numerous relics of Boreal and Atlantic vegetation, rare Central European plant species, some Ponto-Pannonian elements. Altogether there were found here 928 vascular plant species. The areas supports a numerous breeding avifauna (146) species with some varieties and species threatened with extinction. The fauna of water invertebrates includes many rare and valuable species.


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It is a unique region as regards nature - a refuge of rare and threatened with extinction fauna connected with wetlands. The site distinguishes itself by the great richness of water, peat-bog and forest plant communities with many rare and endangered species.


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The site supports many rare and threatened with extinction animal species,including the strongest in Europe population of Emys orbicularis (above 300 specimens).


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W rezerwacie Bagno Bubnów wystêpuje oko³o 340 gatunków motyli, 87 gatunków ptaków, w tym 40 lêgowych. Wodniczka Acrocephalus paludicola nale¿y do najliczniejszych na torfowisku. Jej zagêszczenie wynosi blisko 6 spiewaj¹cych samców/10ha. Na ca³ym omawianym terenie stwierdzono obecnoœæ 130 œpiewaj¹cych samców, co czyni z niego jedn¹ z najwa¿niejszych ostoi gatunku w kraju. The site supports a rich ornithofauna (87 species including 50 breeding or probably breeding ones with numerous rare and threatened taxa). It is the next to the Biebrza Marshes refuge of Acrocephalus paludicola in Poland (5.6-6 singing males per 10ha). The site is also important for spring migrations. The fauna of buterflies numbers ca. 340 species.


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Ostoja obejmuje rozleg³e ³êgi i olsy oraz bogate zbiorowiska ³¹kowe. The area harbours a rich breeding bird community including many rare and threatened species. Important for migrating P. pugnax. Feeding area for raptors (A. pomarina and M. migrans) and for C. nigra and C. ciconia.


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Enklawa dla gin¹cych gatunków zwierz¹t; naturalne koryto rzeki i prawie naturalna, podmok³a, czêœciowo zalesiona dolina;


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W ostoi stale przebywaj¹, maj¹ lêgowiska i zimowiska ¿ó³wie b³otne.


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The site supports unique (on the scale of the country) plant communities as well as rich ornithofauna with numerous species threatened on the scale of Europe. One of the most important sites of Acroceophalus paludicola in Poland. Feeding area for ca 10p of White Stork and 3p of Aquila pomarina.


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Jedyne w che³mskim stanowisko Hammarbya paludosa; refugium rzadkich gatunków fauny i flory, szczególnie istotne dla motyli;


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The site supports some breeding bird rarities (harriers, king-fisher). Feeding area for black stork and lesser spotted eagle (a few pairs each).


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The site supports significant numbers of breeding terns. Moulting area for Cygnus olor.


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Jedno z piêciu stanowisk istniej¹cych k¹œliny pop³ocholistnej w Polsce;


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Many fragments of forests are natural with numerous monumental trees; the site supports rare plant communities and species. It is a refuge for faunistic rarities typical of pristine forests, such as the wolf, capercaille, black grouse and the hazel grouse; it is also important bird area.


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W sezonie lêgowym stwierdzono tu wystêpowanie 128 gatunków ptaków, w tym 54 wodno-b³otne. Jest to ¿erowisko dla jednej pary bielika gniazduj¹cej w pobliskim lesie. Prawdopodobnie lêgowe czapla purpurowa i rybo³ów.


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Centrum endemizmu rodzju Rosa w Polsce, oryginalny krajobraz; unikalne pod³o¿e; ³upki kambryjskie; Interesuj¹ce gatunki bezkrêgowców: Macropsis megerlei (Fieber, 1868) (Pluskwiak - Anchenorrhyncha, Cicadodea), Sphenoptera substriata, Olibrus bisignatus (Chrz¹szcze), Dorcardion scopolii (Kózka), Stephanitis piri, Ioliocerus notatus, Rhopites hartmanii, Oniticellus fluvus, Aphodius immundus, A. brevis, A. porcus, Onthophagus semicornis (Pluskwiaki).


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The site supports some rare animal species. Ekotyp sosny zwyczajnej (tzw. "sosna matczañska"), naturalny, kilkusetletni drzewostan;


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Osobliwoœci¹ w skali kraju jest po³udniowo-zachodnia krawêdŸ Roztocza. Jest to kilkukilometrowa strefa sk³adaj¹ca siê z krawêdzi wewnêtrznej, pasa obni¿eñ wys³anych piaskami, silnie zalesionych i podmok³ych wzgórz zewnêtrznych zbudowanych ze ska³ trzeciorzêdowych, maj¹cych charakter ostañców. Jest to jedyny w Polsce, wyraŸnie zaznaczony w rzeŸbie terenu, fragment granicy geologicznej miêdzy fa³dow¹ Europ¹ Zachodni¹, a p³ytow¹ Wschodni¹. Puszcza Solska jest bardzo wa¿n¹ w skali regionu ostoj¹ fauny krêgowców, z licznymi zagro¿onymi i rzadkimi gatunkami. Miêdzy innymi wystêpuje tu 135 gatunków lêgowych ptaków w tym 23 zagro¿one w Europie i 24 zagro¿one w Polsce; jedyne w Polsce stanowisko pluskwiaka Nobis major (=Anaptus major).


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Unikatowy krajobraz strefy krawêdziowej Roztocza; zespó³rzwedkich gatunków wa¿ek.


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Pó³nocna czêœæ ostoi reprezentuje unikatowy krajobraz strefy krawêdziowej Roztocza (prze³omy Tanwi i Jelenia w rejonie Rebizant); rzadki zespó³ Ranunculo-Sietum erecto-submersi.


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It is one of the best preserved forest ranges in the region of Zamoœæ and a relic of the old primeval forest (Puszcza Solska). Most important refuge of Tetrao urogallus in the Solska Forest.


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The site is a valuable refuge of forest fauna with a considerable share of mountain species. Among others the area harbours c. 130 breeding and probably breeding bird species. Jest to teren obejmuj¹cy stanowiska wielu interesuj¹cych gatunków bezkrêgowców. Obok ju¿ podanych wystêpuj¹ tu: Ipimorpha contusa, Xylomoia graminea, Nonagria nexa, Nycteola asiatica (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae); Dorcadion holosericeum, Phytoecia uncinata, Ph. affinis, Acmaeops septentrionis, A. marginata, Agapanthia violacea, Cerambyx scopoli, Lepturobosca virens, Mesosa curculionoides, Oberea linearis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae); Agrilus pseudocyaneus, A. subauratus, Authaxia funerula, Scintillatrix dives, Trachys troglodytes (Coleoptera, Buprestidae).


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It is the richest site of Curcurionidae in the region of Zamoœæ (176 species). Stwierdzono tu takie interesuj¹ce gatunki, jak Sibinia subeliptica, S. tibialis, Ceutorhynchus austriacus, Cionus gebleri, C. olens, Minyops carinatus.


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Jedyne stanowisko Hypericum elegans w Polsce; siedlisko wielu rzadkich gatunków kserotermicznych;


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miejsce odpoczynku ptaków na przelotach;


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Jedno z 4 istniej¹cych w Polsce C. onopordifolia.


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W latach suchych pastwisko wysycha i kurczy siê baza pokarmowa sus³ów, co powoduje wahania liczebnoœci kolonii.


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Zwarta kolonia sus³ów licz¹ca kilkadziesi¹t osobników. Ponadto w miejscowosci Szczepiatyn jest kolonia bociana bia³ego Ciconia ciconia (10 p. w 1984 r.).


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Najliczniejsze zgrupowanie sus³ów w regionie. Ustabilizowana populacja liczy 11 tys. osobników.


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Jedno z najdalej na wschód wysuniêtych stanowisk modrzewia polskiego.


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To œródpolne jezioro stanowi ostojê genow¹ p³azów bezogonowych. Stwierdzono tu jedn¹ kilku (5-6) znanych z Polski kolonii Chlidonias leucopterus. W latach 1986 i 1987 by³o tu przynajmniej 40 par lêgowych.


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Poza koloni¹ sus³ów ostoja ma bogat¹ faunê kserotermofilnych owadów (np. Otiorhynchus fullo).


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Jedno z dwóch w Polsce stanowisk Veronica paniculata.


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aktualna wartoœæ rezerwatu nieznana; kiedyœ by³a to ostoja 3 gatunków roœlin z listy CORINE.


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Jest to jedna z najbogatszych w po³udniowo-wschodniej Polsce ostoi ptactwa wodnego, wodno-b³otnego i siedlisk leœno-zaroœlowych. Lêgowa i prawdopodobnie lêgowa ornitofauna obejmuje oko³o 100 gatunków, w tym rzadkich. Wa¿ny obszar ¿erowiskowy. W okresie pozalêgowym stada kaczek licz¹ ok. 10000 osobników (g³ównie Anas platyrhynchos).


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wody rzeki zaliczono do I klasy czystoœci;


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Prócz nietoperzy, w ostoi wystêpuja rzadkie bezkrêgowce, jak Niphargus tatrensis (Amphipoda), Metellina merianae (Aranei), czy Schaefferia emucronata, Anurida granaria i Onychiurus sybiricus (Collembola).


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Najsilniejsza populacja Tetrao tetrix w regionie (pod koniec lat 70-tych notowano tu 70-80 ptaków); 200-letnie cisy; 81 gatunków mszaków; na torfowiskach rzadkie zbiorowisko Spirea salicifolia - Sphagnum fimbriatum.


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Najtrwalsze stanowisko Milvus migrans na Dolnym Œl¹sku, wzmiankowane od 1906 r.; bogata fauna pijawek.


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Enklawa przyrody na zurbanizowanym, zniszczonym terenie, która jest miejscem odpoczynku dla ptaków przelotnych.


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Pomnikowe drzewa w wieku 200-250 lat. Gniazda bociana czarnego w gm. Turawa (ndl. Turawa, Krasiejów), gm. Murów (ndl. Kup i Turawa), gm. Pokój (ndl. Kup), gm. Popielów (ndl. Namys³ów i Kup). Gniazdo or³a bielika w gm. Murów (ndl. Kluczbork), gm. Pokój (ndl. Kup).


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Liczne stanowiska (8p) zimorodka wzd³u¿ rzeki


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Kolonia kormorana na stawach w Bielicach (gm. Œwierczów).


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One of the most important sites of Botaurus stellaris in the region - permament occurrence, mentioned since 1906.


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Na stawie Utrata o pow. 130 ha utrzymuj¹ siê kilkuhektarowe (do 10 ha) p³aty Trapa natans. Populacja ta dynamicznie rozwija siê.


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The site supports one of two pairs of A. pomarina in the region (data for 1993) - jedyne w województwie opolskim.


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The area supports the strongest in the region population of Lutra lutra. Jedyne stanowisko bobra w województwie opolskim (wg G1472 gm. Ozimek)


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Important for Anatidae in autumn and winter (Anatidae m/25000i), and for autumn passage of Charadriiformes.


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An important area for migrating warterfowl; numbers of passage and wintering Anatidae may exceed 25000 individuals.


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Important for migrating birds. In autumn numbers of Anatidae exceed 15000 ind. It is also important for resting and feeding Charadriiformes. Moreover 2000-3000 Anser fabalis and A. albifrons regularly winter here.


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Zwarte i gêste p³aty kotewki obficie owocuj¹cej; pojedyncze okazy dochodz¹ do 5-6 m d³ugoœci i posiadaj¹ wiele rozet.


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Stanowisko interesuj¹cych gatunków - Sedum album (antropogeniczny - wprowadzony przez entomologów dla niepylaka apollo w latach 1922-1924) i Ligustrum vulgare oraz jedna z nielicznych w tym regionie wysp roœlinnoœci kserotermicznej. Obecnoœæ 203 gat. roœlin naczyniowych, 38 gat. mszaków, 4 gat. porostów. Stwierdzono tu ponadto wystêpowanie prawie 500 gat. motyli.


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Wystêpowanie rzadkiego zespo³u ³êgowego i mszystego zbiorowiska zabezpieczaj¹cego brzegi potoku przed erozj¹. Walory estetyczno-krajobrazowe meandruj¹cego potoku z czyst¹ wod¹.


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Stanowiska or³a bielika i bociana czarnego w lasach nadleœnictwa Brzeg w gminie Lubsza (za G1472). Najstarszy w województwie opolskim (do 400 lat) drzewostan chroniony w rezerwacie "Lubsza", g³ównie bukowo-dêbowy. 160-letnie okazy modrzewia europejskiego w rezerwatach "Leœna Woda" i "Œniechowice".


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Obserwowano tu ok. 100 gat. ptaków. Ostoja jest równie¿ miejscem spoczynku dla ptaków migruj¹cych (notowano do 100 osobników ptaków brodz¹cych).


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Jedyne stanowisko Epipogium aphyllum w tej czêœci Wy¿yny;


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Nale¿y do grupy najg³êbszych jaskiñ Wy¿yny. Jedna z 20 najwiêkszych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce;


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Jedyne naturalne stanowisko C. polonica;


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Najliczniejsza populacja C. polonica sk³adaj¹ca siê z tysiêcy osobników kwitn¹cych i owocuj¹cych. Bardzo dobrze siê odnawia.


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229 gatunków roœlin, 23 mszaków i 20 grzybów wielkoowocnikowych; stanowisko Pulsatilla patens, licznie Microstylis monophyllos;


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The site supports two colonies of Nycticorax nycticorax (Stawy w Ligocie i w Ochabach Wielkich) and it is practically the only in Poland place of permanent occurrence of this species. This area protects most of bird rarities in Ma³opolska.


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Licznie wystêpuje kotewka, tworz¹c jednorodne p³aty.


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Jedno z miejsc liczniejszego wystêpowania b¹czka na Œl¹sku (dane z lat 80-tych).


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Naturalny charakter torfowiska, siedlisko rzadkich gatunków, ró¿norodnoœæ zbiorowisk, w tym regionie wyj¹tkowa.


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Najwa¿niejsze stanowisko derkacza na Œl¹sku.


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Jedno z nielicznych stanowisk sasanki na po³udniu kraju.


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Flora zawiera szereg elementów górskich wystêpuj¹cych na Wy¿ynie Œl¹skiej w nielicznych punktach, m.in. Lysimachia nemorosum, Dentaria glandulosa, Polygonatum verticillatum, Aconitum variegatum. Dobrze zachowany las bukowy. Bogata brioflora (84 gat.). Obecnoœæ bezkrêgowców z list zagro¿onych gat., np. Lemonia taraxaci (V), Lemonia dumi (R), Cucullia argentea (V), Cotocala electa (R).


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Jedna z 20 najwiêkszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy (231 os. w 1994 r.).


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Numerous Charadriiformes and Anatidae on spring and autumn passages.


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Fragmenty naturalnego krajobrazu wschodniej czêœci Wy¿yny Œl¹skiej, z naturalnymi biocenozami; zbiorowiska torfowisk niskich, przejœciowych i szuwarowe; 16 gatunków roœlin ma tu jedyne stanowisko w regionie; wystêpuje tu 25 gat. roœlin zagro¿onych wymarciem i 19 chronionych; rzadki w¹trobowiec Moerckia hibernica, rzadkie grzyby: Mirtula paludosa, Gyromitra asculenta, Morchella esculenta; bogate zbiorowiska mszaków.


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Important bird area (Gromadzki et al. 1994 przyznaje jej rangê krajow¹); Jedna z nielicznych ostoi naturalnej roœlinnoœci w dolinie górnej Odry; The site supports 118 breeding bird species with some rare and threatend ones. Black cormorants whose numbers reached here 100 pairs are persecuted and most probably the colony has been destroyed. Stwierdzono tu obecnoœæ interesuj¹cych gatunków ryjkowców: Apion carduorum, Polydrusus amoenus, Liophloeus lentus, Barypeithes cherrolati, Alophus kaufmanni, Rhinoncus bosnicus, Ceutorhynchus roberti, Lasiorhynchites cavifrons, Sitona cambricus, Tanysphyrus makolskii, Nanophyes sahlbergi.


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Na terenie Jury znajduj¹ siê izolowane stanowiska bardzo rzadkich i zagro¿onych gatunków roœlin i zwierz¹t, a tak¿e endemitów polskich takich jak: Cochlearia polonica i Galium cracoviense. Urozmajcona rzeŸba terenu i zwi¹zane z ni¹ zró¿nicowane warunki mikroklimatyczne umo¿liwiaj¹ wystêpowanie roœlin i zbiorowisk o przeciwstawnych wymaganiach ekologicznych: górskich i kserotermicznych. Jaskinie s¹ miejscem zimowania licznych kolonii nietoperzy, a tak¿e miejscem bytowania niezwykle rzadkich, reliktowych lub endemicznych troglobiontycznych bezkrêgowców.


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Zjawiska geomorfologiczne typowe dla Wy¿yny Krakowsko-Czêstochowskiej zgromadzone na niewielkim terenie; liczne zjawiska krasowe (oko³o 300 jaskiñ). Wystêpowanie wielu rzadkich i zagro¿onych gatunków roœlin i zwierz¹t, w tym 15 gatunków nietoperzy.


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Jedno z nielicznych w tym regionie, obfitszych stanowisk Cypripedium calceolus.


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Obecnoœæ rzadkich bezkrêgowców: pierœcienicy Enchytraeus dominicae Dumnicka (Oligohaeta) i skorupiaka Niphargus tatrensis Wrzesieñ (Amphipoda) w Jaskini Kryspinowskiej.


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Obecnoœæ licznych rzadkich i zagro¿onych gatunków roœlin, m. in. locus classicus brzozy ojcowskiej, i zwierz¹t, w tym siedmiu gatunków nietoperzy. Interesuj¹ca geomorfologia.


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Wartoœæ ostoi wynika przede wszystkim ze szczególnego nagromadzenia biocenoz kserotermicznych i form krasowych. Z samego tylko z rezerwatu "Sko³czanka", znajduj¹cego siê na tereni ostoi, podano ponad 500 gatunków motyli. W Bielañskich Ska³ach rzadkie w¹trobowce: Grimaldia fragrans, Fimbraria fragrans, Riccia ciliata, R. sorocarpa.


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Jedna z niewielu jaskiñ pionowych w po³udniowej czêœci Wy¿yny Krakowsko-Czêstochowskiej.


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Jaskinia jest znana z letniej kolonii nietoperzy, bardzo licznych w XIXw. Ich liczba uleg³a gwa³townemu spadkowi w latach 70. i 80. XXw. Ostatnio obserwuje siê niewielki wzrost iloœci nietoperzy (w jaskini zimuje oko³o 15 - 20 okazów g³ównie podkowca ma³ego Rhinolophus hipposideros). Jaskinia nale¿y do najcenniejszych stanowisk archeologicznych w Polsce. Wyró¿niono na podstawie materia³ów st¹d pochodz¹cych tzw. kulturê jerzmanowick¹ (ok. 36 tys. lat pne.) Do inwentarza narzêdziowego nale¿¹ tzw. krzemienne ostrza liœciowate, odnaleziono te¿ szcz¹tki ceramiki i ziarna zbó¿.


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Jaskinia nale¿y do najwczeœniej poznanych stanowisk paleolitycznych w Polsce. Pierwsze prace prowadzi³ Jan Zawisza w XIXw. Znaleziono tu obok narzêdzi krzemiennych wyroby z ciosu mamuta reprezentuj¹ce kultury górnopaleolityczne. W namuliskach liczne szcz¹tki fauny plejstoceñskiej.


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Znane stanowisko archeologiczne ze schy³ku ostatniego zlodowacenia reprezentuj¹ce kulturê magdaleñsk¹. Wœród obfitego inwentarza narzêdziowego najcenniejsze s¹ wyroby koœciane z ornamentami. Zdobnictwo narzêdzi z tej jaskini jest najstarszym i jednym z nielicznych œladów sztuki cz³owieka paleolitycznego.


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Jaskinia Ciemna jest zaliczana do najcenniejszych stanowisk archeologicznych w Polsce. Najstarsze znaleziska datowane s¹ na schy³ek zlodowacenia œrodkowopolskiego (ok. 120 - 115 tys. lat p. n. e.) i wczesn¹ fazê zlodowacenia ba³tyckiego (70 - 54 tys. lat p. n. e.). Wœród narzêdzi krzemiennych na uwagê zas³uguj¹ tzw. no¿e pr¹dnickie i zgrzeb³a. W namuliskach znajdowane s¹ liczne szcz¹tki kostne niedŸwiedzia jaskiniowego. Warstwy kulturowe z dolnego i œrodkowego paleolitu, œlady osadnictwa neolitycznego i epok póŸniejszych.


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Cenne stanowisko archeologiczne, bogate w materia³y krzemienne, g³ównie wyroby paleolityczne (kultury lewal....- mustierska, mikocko - pr¹dnicka, orynacka), neolityczne, epoki br¹zu, okresu rzymskiego. W namulisku stwierdzono obecnoœæ czwartorzêdowych szcz¹tków ssaków i ptaków.


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Skupienie 7 gatunków storczyków; jedno z najbogatszych stanowisk Cypripedium calceolus - 3 - 4 tysiêcy okazów.


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ród³o zachowa³o swój naturalny charakter, nale¿y do najcenniejszych Ÿróde³ pulsuj¹cych na Wy¿ynie.;


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Najwiêkszy kompleks leœny w regionie. Zachowa³y siê tu jeszcze niewielkie uroczyska o charakterze puszczañskim. Na terenie ostoi gniazduje kilka rzadkich gatunków ptaków (m.in. bocian czarny, orlik krzykliwy, kania czarna, trzmielojad, puszczyk uralski, w³ochatka). Miejsce koncentracji i rozrodu du¿ych dziuplaków z dziêcio³ami czarnym, œrednim i zielonosiwym. Jedna z najwiêkszych w kraju populacja mucho³ówki bia³oszyjej. Rezerwat hodowlany ¿ubra. W rezerwacie "Lipówka" znajduje siê stanowisko unikatowego œlimaka nagiego Lehmannia nyctelia.


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1. Specyficzna, dwudzielna struktura geologiczna z³o¿a solnego: cz.pok³adowa i cz. bry³owa; swoiœcie wykszta³cony osad w kompleksie solonoœnym, tzw. zuber. 2. Nagromadzenie skamielin (fauna i flora). 3. Procesy ³ugowania osadów chem. przez kr¹¿¹ce wody i wtórnego wytr¹cania osadów doprowadzi³y do powstania unikatowego obiektu jakim s¹ Groty Kryszta³owe wystêpuj¹ce w systemie szczelin obros³ych du¿ymi (do 40cm d³.krawêdzi) kryszta³ami soli kamiennej (halitu) - jedyny znany dotychczas na œwiecie tej miary zabytek mineralogiczny mioceñskiej formacji solonoœnej. 4. Kopalnia jest obiektem zabytkowym i posiada muzeum z bogatym zbiorem dokumentów, narzêdzi i innych przedmiotów zwi¹zanych z rozwojem techniki górniczej. 5. W licznych miejscach kopalni wystêpuj¹ formy szaty naciekowej odpowiadaj¹ce zjawiskom krasowym.


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Oko³o 30 gatunków roœlin chronionych w tym 9 storczyków.


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The area protects beautiful fragments of Carpathian beechwood with magnificent beeches.


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Important for migrating and wintering waterfowl; wintering Anatidae do 10 000 os..


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The area harbours over 200 species of vascular plants connected with raised and transitional peat-bogs and pine woods. Rich fauna of amphibians and reptiles.


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It is a sandy hill overgrown with remains of a beautiful natural deciduous stand with fir, oak, spruce, beech, and maple.


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The area supports a rich ornithofauna (160 species, including 105 breeding ones). Among them there are species endangered with extinction.


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The area supports a rich bird community.


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71 bird species. The area constitutes "green lungs" for Rzeszów.


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The area supports a family of bears. There occur also many protected plant species.


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The area supports a rich flora and fauna. Vascular plant flora includes 916 taxa (East- and West- Carpathian species are worthy of notice). Breeding vertebrate fauna totals 223 species (including e. g. 98 protected bird species). The are also ca. 200 archeological sites.


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The site protects a beautiful beech stand (120 year old).


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Jedyne istniej¹ce w Polsce stanowisko Rhododendron luteum, oddzielone od pozosta³ych w Europie kilkusetkilometrow¹ przerw¹.


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lasy jod³owo-bukowe ocharakterze puszczañskim; stanowiska rzadkich roœlin i zwierz¹t; najwy¿sze zagêszczenie orlika krzykliwego (Aquila pomarina) w Polsce - ok. 2 pary/10 ha - w paœmie Turnicy.


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Jedna z najczystszych rzek Polski ze szczególnymi zespo³ami gatunków bentosowych.


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The area is important for passage waterfowl with max. of 40,000 birds (usually to 10,000 ind.);


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Jedyne stanowisko Neptis sappho w Polsce.


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Ostoja obejmuje kilka stanowisk ¿o³ny, gatunku z lokalnej listy CORINE, wystêpujacego w Polsce na pó³nocnej granicy zasiêgu, jedynie w przemyskim.


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Bogata fauna ptaków; wa¿na w skali regionu ostoja bociana czarnego, trzmielojada i orlika krzykliwego; rzadkie gatunki Noctuidae: Hadena luteago, Senta flammea, Xylomoia graminea.


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Wa¿na ostoja orlika krzykliwego. Piêkne lasy bukowo-jod³owe w rejonie Cisowej.


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Jedna z 20 najwiêkszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce (125 os.). Jedyne znane zimowisko na Pogórzu Przemyskim.


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Rzadkie gatunki ptaków; wa¿ne w regionie stanowisko puszczyka uralskiego; stanowisko Betula obscura;


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Du¿e zagêszczenie derkacza, nawet do 0,3 pary/10ha.


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Jedna z wiêkszych kolonii lêgowych bociana bia³ego w Polsce.


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Jedna z wiekszych kolonii lêgowych bociana bia³ego w Polsce.


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Najwazniejsza w regionie ostoja w³ochatki. Obecnoœæ reliktów tundrowych w faunie. Wiele rzadkich bezkregowców, zw³aszcza wœród Aranei. Stanowisko endemicznego Pterostichus sudeticus. Interesuj¹ce, rzadkie mszaki (np. Lophozia sudetica, Rhacomitrium sudeticum i in.).


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Najcenniejsze przyrodniczo i najpiêkniejsze widokowo obszary Karkonoszy. Obecnoœæ wielu gatunków endemicznych


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Jedyne w Polsce stanowisko endemicznej skalnicy bazaltowej. Nagromadzenie osobliwoœci florystycznyc zwiazanych z ¿y³¹ bazaltow¹ w pod³o¿u. Drugie obok Tatr stanowisko poczwarówki pó³nocnej w Polsce.


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liczne gatunki mchów (Polytrichum strictum, Drepanocladus fluitans, Sphagnum majus, Sph. rubellum, Sph. robustum, Sph. lindbergii, Sph. dusenii); stanowisko porostu Cetraria islandica; rzadkie gatunki wa¿ek;


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Najwiêksza zimowa kolonia nietoperzy na terenie polskich Karkonoszy i jedna z wiêkszych na terenie Dolnego Œl¹ska.


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The site harbours latifolious (deciduous) forests characteristic of the lower montane zone of Kaczawskie Mts.


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Ostoja charakteryzuje siê bogat¹ flor¹ i malakofaun¹. Wystêpuje tu 14 gat. storczyków, rzadkie gat. roœlin ni¿szych (np. 38 gat. œluzowców z nowym dla Polski Arcyria insignis; 83 gat. mchów z bardzo rzadkimi Cirriphyllum vaucheri i C. crassinervium).


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Du¿e walory florystyczne - nagromadzenie roœlin chronionych (9 gat. storczyków); liczna, obficie kwitn¹ca populacja obuwika; stanowisko grzyba Marchella esculenta.


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Obecnoœæ rzadkich i zagro¿onych gatunków w ornitofaunie. To ju¿ jedna z nielicznych ostoi g³uszca. W latach 1982-1987 stwierdzono je tu na czterech stanowiskach (Zielonka, k. Bielawy Dolnej, pod Ruszowem, k. Jagodzina). Ocenia siê, ¿e w samej gminie Wêgliniec jest 27 kogutów. Wa¿na ostoja bielika w regionie. Bogata fauna nietoperzy.


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Najni¿ej i najdalej na pn. po³o¿one stanowisko sosny b³otnej;


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Wysokie walory krajobrazowe; znaleziono tu nowy (dla nauki) gatunek pijawki Piscicola polonica.


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Jedno z trzech stanowisk Betula nana w Polsce, licz¹ce kilkaset egzemplarzy (w 1989 r. - 400).


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Jedyne znane zimowisko podkowca ma³ego w regionie G0J.


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Kolonie rozrodcze i zimowiska kilku gatunków nietoperzy.


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Wa¿na ostoja ptactwa wodno-b³otnego w regionie; najwy¿sze na Œl¹sku zagêszczenie perkoza rdzawoszyjego.


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Ostoja fauny puszczañskiej; na terenie Gór Bialskich znajduje siê jedyne w Polsce stanowisko kniejowca sudeckiego.


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unikatowy krajobraz górski; zanotowano obecnoœæ rzadkich bezkregowców: Liparus germanus (Curculionidae), Titanoeca quadri (Aranei).


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liczne gatunki endemiczne wœród entomofauny; jedyne w Polsce stanowisko dzwonka brodatego Campanula barbata.


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Wa¿na w rejonie kolonia zimowa nietoperzy; liczne koœci zwierz¹t plejstoceñskich; bogata szata naciekowa;


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Jedyne w Polsce góry o budowie p³ytowej o unikatowych walorach krajobrazowych. Pod³o¿e skalne sprzyja wystêpowaniu ró¿norodnych zbiorowisk mszaków o wyj¹tkowym charakterze. Bogata brioflora obejmuje wiele gatunków rzadkich w skali Polski; opisano st¹d nowy dla Polski gatuneh Dicranum sendtneri. Wa¿na ostoja puchacza i kuraków leœnych w regionie.


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Roœlinnoœæ torfowiskowa z reliktami arktyczno-borealnymi. Stwierdzono tu obecnoœæ rzadkiego bezkregowca Pardosa sphagnicola (Aranei).


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Jedyne w Polsce stanowisko kniejowca sudeckiego (kilkadziesi¹t osobników). Brak szczegó³owej lokalizacji stanowiska (w atlasie podawane z kwadratu L¹dek Zdrój).


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Obecnoœæ roœlin rzadkich w Sudetach w tym reliktów epoki lodowcowej. Jedno z trzech znanych w Polsce stanowisk Betula nana (2000-3000 os.). Stwierdzono tu obecnoœæ licznych rzadkich gatunków pajaków (np. Centromerus levitarsis, Harpactea lepida, Iberina candida, Pardosa sphagnicola, Piratula uliginosa, Tarnetula pinetorum, Gnaphosa iperima, Haplodrassus cognatus i in.).


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Jedna z 20 najwiekszych zimowych kolonii nietoperzy w Polsce (83 os. w 1994).


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Liczne gatunki storczyków (9), mszaków, stanowiska cisów (ok. 2700 osobników) w naturalnych zbiorowiskach leœnych;


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Jedno z czterech istniej¹cych w Polsce stanowisk Lindernia procumbens.


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Jedno z czterech istniej¹cych qw Polsce stanowisk Lindernia procumbens.


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Stanowisko lêgowe gatunku zagro¿onego wyginiêciem N. nycticorax.


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The site support a rich breeding community of threatened bird species. It is one of the oldest fish complex ponds in Europe.; 200 bird species, among them 124 nesting ones.; Lindernia procumbens has here one of its 4 localities in Poland.


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Ostoja odznacza siê bogat¹ flor¹ (ok. 700 gat. roœlin naczyniowych). Najcenniejszymi roœlinami s¹ okrzyn jeleni Laserpitium archangelica, który na Babiej Górze ma swoje jedyne stanowisko w Polsce, i rogownica alpejska Cerastium alpinum ssp. babiogorense, takson endemiczny dla Babiej Góry. Lêgowa ornitofauna (ok. 80 gat.) obejmuje takie rzadkoœci jak g³uszec i dziêcio³ trójpalczasty. Z terenu ostoi podano ju¿ ok. 2500 gatunków bezkregowców. Bogata jest koleopterofauna (ok. 1200 udokumentowanych gatunków) z 14 gatunkami prawnie chronionymi. Interesujace gatunki zanotowano wœród sk¹poszczetów Oligocheta (np. d¿d¿ownica subalpejska) i niesporczaków Tardigrada ( np. Echiniscus lapponicus).


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Jedyne obok Babiej Góry zgrupowanie wysokogórskiej koleopterofauny zachodniobeskidzkiej. 11 gatunków chronionych chrz¹szczy.


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Miejsce zimowania wielu gatunków ptaków.


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stanowisko nietoperzy zweryfikowane w 1993 r.


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Jedno z najbardziej wysuniêtych na zachód stanowisk dziêcio³a syryjskiego (Dendrocopos syriacus) w Polsce.


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Obecnoœæ wystêpuj¹cego lokalnie w Polsce gatunku Lycaena hippothoe. Populacja gatunku liczy co roku oko³o 30 osobników, jednak¿e brak jest szczegó³owych danych na temat dynamiki zmian jej liczebnoœci w poszczególnych latach.


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Ostoja dziêcio³a syryjskiego. Jest to bardzo nieliczny gatunek spotykany g³ównie na terenie Polski po³udniowo-wschodniej. Gatunek ten poszerza swój area³ w kierunku pó³nocno-zachodnim i pojawi³ siê w granicach kraju dopiero pod koniec lat 70tych. Niniejsze stanowisko jest obecnie jednym z najbardziej na zachód wysuniêtych stanowisk w Polsce.


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Ostoja fauny typowej dla puszczy karpackiej.;


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W stawku w w¹skiej komorze ¿yje studniczek Niphargus tatrensis (Crustacea, Amphipoda).


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Bogate stanowisko rzadkich storczyków - 12 gatunków; bogate stanowisko Rhopalocera terenów górskich; wiele cennych gatunków chrz¹szczy bagiennych i nadwodnych - w tym wiele gatunków maj¹cych tu locus typicus;


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Piêknie wykszta³cone p³aty Lunario-Aceretum. Bogata fauna ptaków regla dolnego. Liczne pomnikowe œwierki i jod³y.


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stanowisko rzadkiego w Polsce Rhinolophus hipposideros; zimowisko nietoperzy;


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Stanowisko rzadkiego, zagro¿onego wymarciem gatunku nietoperza Rhinolophus hipposideros;


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Stawy w Tomicach - jedna z liczniejszych kolonii Chlidonias niger w Ma³opolsce (1986 - 15 gniazd). Miejsce rozrodu p³azów i gadów.


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Szczególnie warte podkreœlenia jest bytowanie w Kleczance doœæ licznej rodzimej populacji pstr¹ga potokowego (S. trutta fario).


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Jedno z najwiêkszych i najbardziej urozmaiconych krajobrazowo skalnych osuwisk w Polskich Karpatach fliszowych; -zimowisko nietoperzy w Jaskini Mrocznej; bogata fauna owadów;


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Obszar o wyj¹tkowych walorach przyrodniczych i krajobrazowych. Centrum endemizmu w Karpatach. Liczne gatunki reliktowe. Ostoja fauny puszczañskiej i wysokogórskiej. W piêtrze halnym endemiczne zespo³y ze zwi¹zku Seslerion tatrae. Spoœród endemicznych gatunków owadów na uwagê zas³uguj¹: skoczogonek Hypogastrura tatrica Stach, przyl¿eniec Oxythrips tatricus Pel., bleskotkê Protyndarichus tatricus Hoff. i chruœcik Drusus dohleri May - jest jednak prawdopodobne, ¿e zostan¹ one w przysz³oœci odkryte gdzieindziej, jako ¿e grupy te s¹ s³obo poznane.


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endemiczne nawapienne murawy naskalne; liczne jaskinie;


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Endemiczny zespó³ murawy wysokogórskiej rosn¹cej na pod³o¿u granitowym w miejscach zasilanych w s¹cz¹c¹ siê wodê bogat¹ w wapñ.


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Stanowiska wielu rzadkich, zagro¿onych i endemicznych gatunków roœlin. Walory krajobrazowe.


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Jedno z dwóch tatrzañskich stanowisk Branchinecta paludosa - reliktu glacjalnego, nie potwierdzone od lat siedemdziesi¹tych.


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Nagromadzenie bardzo rzadkich gatunków roœlin.


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19 gatunków storczyków (T - ostoja storczykowa) i wiele rzadkich w TPN innych gatunków roœlin.


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Jedyne w Polsce stanowisko Pulsatilla halleri ssp. slavica.


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Ciekawe formy skalne, obecnoœæ wielu rzadkich i zagro¿onych gatunków.


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Biocenozy typowe dla wysokogórskich partii Tatr Zachodnich. Nagromadzenie taksonów rzadkich i endemitów.


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Gatunki endemiczne i reliktowe; walory krajobrazowe.


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Ponad 1100 gatunków roœlin naczyniowych; endemiczny zespó³ Dendranthemo-Seslerietum variae, porastaj¹cy strome zbocza i pó³ki skalne œcian wapiennych; dwa endemiczne gat. roœlin (Taraxacum pieninicum i Erysimum pieninicum) i 4 odmiany (Minuartia setacea var. pienina, Sedum acre var. calcigenum, Artemisia absynthium var. calcigena, Centaurea triumfetti var. pienina); relikty geogr. (Dendrathema zawadzkii i Juniperus savina); ponadto 3 endemity zachodniokarpackie. Jedna z nielicznych w Polsce ostoi pomurnika Tichdroma muraria. Niezwykle bogata fauna bezkrêgowców, wœród nich co najmniej 2 gat. endemiczne dla Pienin (Onychiurus carpenteri i Isophya pienensis) oraz b. liczne endemity zachodnio- i ogólnokarpackie. Pieniny s¹ ostoj¹ wielu rzadkich i gin¹cych gatunków owadów: Rosalia alpina, Parnassius apollo i P. mnemosyne.


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Jeden z najpiêkniejszych w Europie prze³omów rzecznych.


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najlepsze ods³oniêcia wapienia krynoidowego; bogate zbiorowiska mchów wapieniolubnych;


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Ostoja reprezentuje unikatowe wykszta³cenie tytonu jury alpejskiej.


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150 gatunków roœlin naczyniowych w tym 15 chronionych; bogata flora mchów wapieniolubnych: Tortella tortuosa, Hypnum cupressiforme, Ptychodium plicatum, Lophotia gracilis.


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Klasyczny profil serii czorsztyñskiej w Pieninach; jedyne stanowisko endemicznego gatunku pszonaka pieniñskiego Erysimum pieninicum.


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Cenny kompleks torfowiskowy. W okresie miêdzywojennym jedyne znane stanowiska w Polsce borealnych motyli Crambus alienellus oraz Lygris testata var. insulicola. Na torfowisku wysokim, ko³o Czarnego Dunajca, ¿yje motyl Chloroclysta infuscata (miernikowce), którego g¹sienice ¿eruj¹ na Vaccinium uliginosum, V. myrtillus i Ledum palustre. W ciekach na terenie torfowisk wystêpuj¹: p³oæ karpacka Rutilus rutilus carpathorossicus, kie³b dunajski Gobio gobio obtusirostris i Vimba vimba carinata. S¹ to rasy (podgatunki) uznane za specyficzne dla tych wód. Jedyne miejsce wystêpowania czerwca Ericcocus podhalensis. Wystêpuje tu Pinus X rhaetica. Ostoja cietrzewia.


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Jedno z nielicznych stanowisk Pinus X rhaetica.


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Najciekawsze botanicznie i fitosocjologicznie z Torfowisk Orawskich.


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Jako jedno z nielicznych torfowisk ma wykszta³cony okrajek niskoturzycowy z licznymi kepami we³nianki.


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Rzadki w po³udniowej Polsce, typowo wykszta³cony zespó³ boru bagiennego na torfowisku wysokim.


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One of the best preserved peat-bogs in Orawa.


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Najwieksze torfowisko na Orawie. Jedyne stanowisko w Polsce Erioccocus podhalensis;


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Jedno z najwiêkszych na Orawie torfowisk wysokich.


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Bogate populacje rzadkich gatunków puszczañskich (np. rysia, g³uszca, jarz¹bka; w ostoi stwierdzono tropy m³odych wilków - wilki prawdowpodobnie maj¹ tu gniazdo). Nagromadzenie gatunków alpejskich i subalpejskich (elementy wysokogórskie) stanowi¹cych najbardziej wartoœciowy sk³adnik flory Gorców.


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Puszczañski charakter buczyny karpackiej z dobrze wykszta³conym drzewostanem i bujnym runem; ostoja fauny o charakterze puszczañskim; górskie rzadkie gatunki mchów.


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Wystêpowanie rzadkich i zagro¿onych gatunków roœlin.


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Jedyne naturalne stanowisko g³owacicy; jedna z czterech w Polsce ostoi Gobio kessleri; jedna z dwóch w regionie ostoi Eudontomyzon mariae.


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Buczyny w wieku 145-160 lat; ostoja niedzwiedzia (gawra), gniazdo bociana czarnego;


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Jedyne w Polsce stanowisko paproci Woodsia ilvensis. Bogata flora porostów.


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Jedyne istniej¹ce stanowisko pierwiosnki om¹czonej Primula farinosa w Polsce.


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Jaskinia Diabla Dziura jest miejscem zimowania sporej liczby podkowców ma³ych Rhinolophus hipposideros (1990 - 22 os. 1991 - 46 os. 1992 - 24 os.).


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ostoja fauny o charakterze puszczañskim; dobrze zachowane p³aty naturalnych drzewostanów.


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Starodzewia o charakterze naturalnym koncentruj¹ siê na pó³nocnych stokach grzbietu Kud³oñ - Mostownica - Czo³o Turbacza - Obidowiec oraz na po³udniowych stokach Kud³onia i Kiczory. Na N zboczach pasma Kud³onia znajduje siê najbardziej oryginalna grupa skalna spoœród piaskowcowych ska³ek obszaru Gorców. Bogata flora w¹trobowców, ok. 350 gatunków porostów, ok. 200 gatunków mchów, wœród nich osobliwy mech Grimmia anomala; grzyby: Anthracobia maurilabra, Pseudoplectania vogesiaca;


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jedna z liczniejszych kolonii Sterna hirundo w Ma³opolsce, w 1988roku ok. 9 gniazd;


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Jedna z najwartoœciowszych w Europie ostoi fauny puszczañskiej ze wszystkimi wielkimi drapie¿nikami (niedŸwiedŸ, wilk, ryœ). Bardzo silne populacje wydry, orlika krzykliwego, puszczyka uralskiego, wê¿a Eskulapa, traszki karpackiej (endemit karpacki). Z Bieszczadów znanych jest 1100 gatunków roœlin naczyniowych i oko³o 1000 gatunków grzybów. W faunie wodnej Bieszczadów wystêpuje oko³o 700 gatunków zamieszkuj¹cych siedliska wpdne i 300 siedliska ziemnowodne, wœród nich 24 to endemity karpackie. Bieszczady w granicach Polski posiadaj¹ pe³ny zestaw endemitów pó³nocno-wschodniego regionu Karpat i s¹ dla wiêkszoœci z nich najdalej na zachód wysuniêt¹ czêœci¹ area³u (Szczêsny i K³onowska-Olejnik 1995).


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Jedyne w Bieszczadach Zach. naturalne stanowisko sosny zwyczajnej i boru bagiennego z domieszk¹ brzozy i œwierka;


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55 gat. roslin naczyniowych, 11 gat. mchów;


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56 gat. roœlin naczyniowych; 7 gat. mchów;


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wyj¹tkowe walory geomorfologiczne - przyk³ad go³oborza piaskowcowego w Karpatach;


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The reserve protects the best preserved (natural or almost primeval) old beech stands in the Polish part of Bieszczady Mts. and rich forest fauna.


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Klasyczny przyk³ad plastycznej deformacji ³upkowo-piaskowcowych ska³ w strefie osuwiska.


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Oko³o 300 gatunków roœlin naczyniowych; jedna z najbogatszych w Bieszczadach ostoi fauny puszczañskiej;


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O wysokiej wartoœci przyrodniczej tej czêœci Bieszczadów decyduje obecnoœæ: endemicznego zespo³u Trollio-Centaureetum, endemicznych, wschodniokarpackich taksonów roœlin: Aconitum tauricum sp. nanum, A. lasiocarpum, Silene dubia oraz wielu endemicznych bezkrêgowców b¹dŸ loci typici nowych dla nauki gatunków (......, Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956).


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Jedno z kilku stanowisk Tozzia alpina i endemicznego podgatunku A. paniculatum sp. lasiocarpum. Stanowisko Miramella ebneri carpathica Cejch.(Orthoptera: Catantopidae)


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Stanowisko endemicznego taksonu karpackiego Leucojum vernum ssp. carpatica. Najbogatsze w Polsce stanowisko we¿a Eskulapa, walory krajobrazowe.


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kolonia rozrodcza Vespertilio murinus - 6 os.


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Najpiêkniejsze zgrupowanie sak³ek w Karpatach Polskich (rezerwat Prz¹dki).


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Wa¿na ostoja fauny puszczañskiej. Silna populacja orlika krzykliwego. Podzespó³ Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum festucetosum drymejae nie wystêpuje nigdzie indziej poza Beskidem Niskim i Dzia³em Karpat Wschodnich. Obecnoœæ D.g.-F.f. lunarietosum. Przez Prze³êcz Dukielsk¹ prowadzi na po³udnie szlak przelotów ptaków. Oderwane stanowisko Pinus mugo. Biocenozy o naturalnym sk³adzie gatunkowym, wysokiej stabilnoœci i odpornoœci na czynniki antropogenne.


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Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum festucetosum drymejae; 200 gatunków zwierz¹t podlegaj¹cych ochronie ca³kowitej; 40 gatunków roœlin chronionych ustawowo; lasy o naturalnym charakterze z dominacj¹ starodrzewów, wielogatunkowe, w dobrej kondycji; cenne ostoje fauny leœnej; nagromadzenie wartoœciowych form skalnych.


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Najcenniejszy w Beskidzie system torfowisk o unikatowym charakterze o du¿ej wartoœci przyrodniczej i wodochronnej, najwiêksze w Polsce torfowisko wododzia³owe. Rozleg³e ³¹ki trzêœlicowe i szuwary trzcinowe; Populacje wschodniokarpackich ryjkowców: Otiorhynchus obsidianus, Omiamima hamaki, Lioplocus gibbus, Donus oxalidis.


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Najbardziej na pd. wysuniête stanowisko bobra w Polsce.


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Duza kolonia lêgowa bociana bia³ego - w 1994 roku 19 par.


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bogata flora - 900 gatunków, 69% to element górski; 133 gatunki krêgowców


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Wystêpowanie kosarzy: Siro carpaticus i Egaenus convexus; jest to ich jedyne stanowisko na pó³noc od ³uku Karpat.


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Wystêpuje tu minóg ukraiñski Eudontomyzon mariae, zwiazany z naturalnymi ciekami o czystej wodzie.


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bogate stanowisko storczyków (11 gatunków);


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Half of the area is fir plantage, and broad-leaved forest stands were considerably managed by forestry, which moderately deviated these stands from the natural states during the last hundred years. The earlier stages of the vegetation have been well described.:


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Large parts of the site remained natural where wild life has optimal conditions. The area is well studied recently.:


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Large area of riparian habitat, although managed, supports characteristic riparian plant associations.


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Partly near natural forest, partly plantations.:


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Natural, natural-like. The site is well studied.:


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Parts of the territory vary in quality: natural semi-natural and deteriorated stands occur, but the region is still a habitat complex of great value. The area is well/moderately studied.:


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The area is more or less in natural state, which is covered by different kinds of humid and wet plant communities (habitats) rich in rare plant species. The flora and vegetation is well described.:


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The best, species rich pannonic steppic grasslands in the region with numerous rare species.:


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The habitats in 80% of the area are slightly disturbed, they are close to the natural state, otherwise one can find managed fir plantages. The vegetation of the site is well described.:


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The naturalness of the meadows is good. The vegetation and the flora is well known and described in detail.:


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The area is slightly disturbed, the habitats are in good conditions.:


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There are large near natural continuous forest stands, which preserved numeruous species in coensequences of the traditional forest management system. The meadows and mires has extremely high species diversity too.:


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Forest, hay meadows, mires are highly rich in species.:


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Mainly secondary meadows and cultivated forests, but rich in rare species.:


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Unical geological formations. Special compositional form of pannonic white oak forest caused by the substrate. Presence of CORINE species having european impoertance.:


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There are many relict plant species from various periods of vegetation history. The beech and oakwoods and some special community with Illyrian character serve special habitats for many threatened animal species too.:


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Nearly natural, with high species diversity.:


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The area is highly natural, the characteristic habitats on dolomite ridges and slopes are in good natural condition.:


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The site is thoroughly studied, the major part of the territory is in natural or natural-like state.:


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Unique habitat type in Europe in good natural condition.:


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Most of the site is natural or natural-like, but there are some deteriorated parts too. The site is well/moderately studied.:


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The vegetation, habitats of the site are in good conditions, near to natural state. The marshes along the creek are slightly degradated in consequences of the less water. The site is well explored and described:


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The quality varies from the deteriorated areas to the excellent ones, like thermophilous oak wood stands, which are in good natural state. Well studied.:


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The area is very valuable, which is thoroughly studied. There is a succesful restoration of a part of the original habitat, which was drained earlier, than it was partly rehabilitated by supplying spring water again.:


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It is natural-like, or natural (Hegyes-tu was originally a quarry but it is geologically interesting and the vegetation is again natural-like). The area is well/moderately studied.:


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Natural-like, often deteriorated due to the pine plantations.:


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The site is natural-like-, seminatural-deteriorated. Altogether, as a semi-natural island in the cultivated landscape it is valuable. It was studied moderately, zoologically throughly.:


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Largely affected by forestry with some valuable, natural patches of vegetation. Well/moderately studied.:


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Excellent for waterfowl, but the biological water quality used to change inmoderately during the year. The hydrobiological and ecological changes are well-documented since the construction of the reservoir.:


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One of the largest reed beds in Central-Europe with high biodiversity. Many vulnerable species are occuring here.:


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Extreme habitats and exotic species are here, which are in dependence of the thermal springs.:


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The special vegetation and habitats are slightly disturbed in the last decades, but affected by regional activities of the man. There are some abandoned fields from intensive grazing, in consequences the area is so natural.:


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Presence of plants and plant communities with mediterranean and illyrian distribution constitutes the significance of the territory.:


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Most of the natural litoral zone is damaged or destroyed. In a large extent the natural sandy shore was changed into concrete shore-line. The water is slightly polluted with infiltrating contaminants coming from the surroundings. The major problem is the eutrophization of some parts of the lake and fish die from time to time.


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These areas are nearly natural, mainly the mesophile forests, while the grasslands and swamp wood stands are threatened because of drainage and plantation.:


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There are lots of plantations too, but about half of this area is nearly natural.:


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About half of this area is nearly natural, but there are lots of plantations and waste places too.:


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There is a high productivity of the ecosystem and a high diversity for animals.:


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Presence of protected plants with continental and mediterranean distribution and their habitats constitute the main value of the territory.:


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Presence of protected species and plant communities with submediterranean distribution constitute the main value concerning nature conservation.:


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The forests are in nearly natural conditions.:


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High habitat, geological, zoological and botanical diversity.:


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The main value of the territory consists in the presence of protected species and plant communities distributed in the submediterranean.:


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High floristical, geological and habitat diversity.:


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There is only few well-known animal groups, the area is botanically more investigated.:


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In consequences of the special geomorphology and protection, the site is mostly in natural state, but some parts of the area are slightly disturbed, while a small part of the hill was distroyed by the stone-quarry activity.:


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Stages of succession (from open water to riverine forests, swamp woods and mire scrubs) can be investigated. Riverine forests are in a pretty good natural state.:


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Natural and halfnatural habitats. The region has a lot of importance for history of European Vegetation. This area is scarcely investigated.:


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Rich in animal species. The vegetation is only partly natural and not very well-known.:


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Endemic plant species and communities, endemic animal species.


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It is nearly natural, which is not disturbed for a long time. There are no more similar forests with this looking in the central part of Hungary.:


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Numerous relict species, very high species richness, natural like conditions, traditional landuse. The area is well explored and described.:


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High botanicla, zoological and phytocoenological interest. Area for IBP and Long Term production studies.


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Extremely valuable species-rich alder forests, sedge beds, humid and dry meadows, with high natural value.:


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There are numerous protected plant and animal species. Near natural habitat with high biodiversity.:


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Important site for threatened animal and plant species and plant communities. The one of the locality of the two habitat, where the extremely rare pannonic endemism Vincetoxicum pannonicum occure.


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Important site for threatened animal species. Also important site for relictic and endemic plant species and plant communities.


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It is one of the rare examples of relative well-preserved forest biotas, which were left in the area of the capital. They preserve the special habitat of the endemic plant community Seslerietum sadlerianae.:


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High floristical, zoological, geological and habitat diversity.


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Some remnants, fragments of the native forest vegetation that comprised some unique communities representing the East-European, so-called cool-continental forest steppe. In the present picture the introduced trees and secondary forests dominate.:


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A site representing a special situation where the ponto-pannonic lowland flora draws up on the hills has a mixing of the two floras can be observed.:


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Most of the forest stands are managed, but nearly natural. Slight degradation in the flora and species loss was detected in the latest decades.:


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Only small part of the territory is natural, the rest is slightly disturbed or secondary but excellent. Moderately/well studied. The territory is of extraordinary importance. In spite of protection it is still threatened.:


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The state of the vegetation is excellent due to the protection, limited traffic and natural features (steep slopes). The flora and fauna were limitedly studied except for the thorougly studied mosses.:


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There are considerable untouched or hardly disturbed areas (20%) and great natural-like, usually wooded areas (60%) but the rest is destroyed by rock mining (20%). The area is moderately/well studied.:


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A well-preserved forest area with great species diversity near to Budapest.:


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A vegetation dominated only by one community type that appears in numerous subtypes representing a wilde scale of different degree of degradation.:


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A typical site of the open sandy grassland with Wagner fescue and other protected species. The marsh meadow is rich in protected relict species and orchids.:


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From natural to totally deteriorated parts, well studied.:


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Both territory is relatively natural, but the influence of grazing and human activity is considerable, moderately/well studied.:


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Excellent, diverse habitat, natural, natural-like, moderately/well studied.:


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Largely natural or natural-like, but there are deteriorated parts in a smaller extent. The site is well/moderately studied.:


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It is a plantage with unique fern flora, well studied.:


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One part of the territory (30%) is excellent in every respect, while the other is firmly disturbed. The area is too small to maintain a considerable population of bustard, it is in extreme danger. Well/moderately studied.:


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Nearly natural continuous forest stands and extremly good special habitats on dolomite with relic and endemic species:


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Even aged old beech forest with high quality.:


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The rock grasslands are partly deteriorated.:


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The site condition is natural or natural-like, with some moderately deteriorated forests.:


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There are highly natural conditions on the area, which is protected for a long time.:


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Significant nesting populations of internationally threatened bird species and relict plant species. An unical distrophe floating fen surrounded by alkaline water body.


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High species diversity, great number of continental and rare species. High fiziognomical diversity. Detailed botanical survey have been done and is in preparation.:


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The site is the only remnants and the last documents of the earlier distributed pannonian forest-stepp forests in this region. There can be found rare granite grassland on the granite outcrops. Some parts of the forest are intermixed by locust trees or low coppice forests had been formed.:


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Some parts of the area are deteriorated. For regenerating the water-dependent habitats there are additional water-supply in progress.:


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The area is highly natural, because the lack of intensive river control:


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The habitats are nearly in natural conditions. The meadows mostly treated in traditional way (mowing), which preserve the site in good conditions.:


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Certain parts of the territory are gradually regenerating, but there are many improper locust tree plantations.:


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Most of the habitats are natural-like. The higher parts of the area are hard to approach, in consequences of the poor road-system and traffic control. Considerable tourism and skiing occur in some places. Flora and vegetation studied in detail while the fauna is moderately known.:


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The vegetation is natural or natural-like.:


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Small part of the ridge remained with small (of ten transplanted) populations and natural-like habitats in a very good quality.:


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Geology, geomorphology, vegetation and fauna are equally valuable. A very colourful picture reflecting the mosaic of species-rich, well-preserved deciduous forest types, where almost all phases of postglacial vegetation development are represented by communities and by species.:


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Its special values are the edaphic influenced vegetation types with many relict species. The site remained in a highly natural condition.:


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The forests are managed by the forestry, there are some plantage, but xerotherm oakwoods are in nearly natural state.:


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Especially rich vertebrate and invertebrate fauna, high plant species diversity, high habitat diversity, relativly low level of disturbances:


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The state of the grasslands is really natural, with high interest of plant, vegetation and zoology.:


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Only certain parts of the territory is excellent in quality, almost of it is highly influenced by forestry. The forest is moderately studied.:


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There are really natural habitats and near-natural secondary communities in good quality, with high habitat diversity.:


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The Baradla cave partially builded out as showcave, while other parts are nearly disturbless. The Beke cave is rarely disturbed by cavers.:


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It is a representative site for pannonic habitats in nearly natural state.:


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The quality of the site is good, the habitats show nearly natural status.:


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Not only the communities themselves but the mosaic is of high natural value. Successional stages occur together which gives opportunity for future regeneration.


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The plant communities are mostly in a natural condition. Native montane species constitute their main value. Some of them are relict plants. On the forest and rock grassland communities several studies have been published. The bryophyte and vascular flora are well documented.:


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There is natural-like vegetation. The flora, forests and rock grasslands of the territory was studied in detail.:


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The hill itself is slightly disturbed, the vegetation of the surrounding hills is natural-like. Green tourism occurs around the nearby village and concentrates to the ruins on top of the hill. The flora and vegetation of the site is well explored.:


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Hardly disturbed beautiful scenery with a natural-like flora and fauna. The flora and forests of the territory were moderately studied. As a sign of naturalness a small population of wolf was regularly observed in the region.:


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The territory is partly disturbed due to the nearby villages and tourist centre. Farther parts are, however, natural-like.:


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There are different levels of degradation. Due to the fast succession and the decreasing of the water table, relict and valuable communities decrease. The rare species, however, still exist but they are in extreme danger. The bogs were thoroughly studied both the former natural state (including palynological research) and the late changing.:


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There are natural and secondary, but valuable habitats and deteriorated areas as well. The site is moderately/well studied.:


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On deep hillslopes, where grazing was not so intensive the grassland is in extremely good conditions, other parts are more or less degradated. Small tree-groups preserved relict species from the earlier wooded-steppe period.:


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The largest non-intensive grassland, except of Kalmuck steppe and the largest saline area in Europe. The species, habitat and landscape diversity is high, the saline habitats are very special ones. The area is extremely important nesting and migrating site of water-fowls in the continent. Formerly, the area was one of the largest gathering-place of wild-geese in the world.:


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The fish-management of the ponds ensure high productivity, which can keep considerable water-bird populations too.:


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The grasslands are extensively used by grazing stocks, partly mowed. Most of the reed beds are regularly cutted. These traditional use ensure and preserve a very near-natural state, otherwise the site is almost undisturbed.:


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One of the most valuable parts of the Naional Park, because of the numerous halophytic plant species and some endemics, and because of the extremely rich avifauna of the grasslands and marshes.:


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Extremely rich in rare birds, one of the most valuable area of the region.:


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Near natural, really undisturbed, in consequences of inaccessibilty.:


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Loess steppe is slightly degradated, the most rare loess plants (Echium russicum, Anchusa barrelieri, Crambe tataria) and some specialised invertebrates went to extinct due to the regular grazing pressure. Undisturbed site.:


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Almost undisturbed area, with extensiv pasturing, but in good conditions. Some degradation can be occure around the pens.:


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The territory is remarkable both botanically and zoologically, but some parts are disturbed significantly.:


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The marshy habitats dried now practically, but the other habitats are in good natural conditions with high botanical, zoological value.:


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The area is well describe in respect of geology, botany and the Mollusca fauna is well known. The moors are very rich in plant species, while the steppe vegetation is characteristic to the region and very typical.:


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Slightly disturbed flood-plain, with extraordinary montane species.:


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Concerning its vascular flora the territory is one of the most valuable floating-bog system in Hungary.:


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Extremely valuable, with actually threatened and endemic plant species. One of the five best sandy grassland sites in the region.:


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It is a relict vegetation, which unique in the Hungarian Plain. The habitats are natural, natural-like with special species-pool. The bogs were thoroughly studied including palynological research.:


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It is a relatively small area with an extremely high species (more than 1100 vascular plants) and habitat diversity in natural-like state. The site is thoroughly studied, even the changes of the vegetation.:


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Near natural conditions. The larger part of the forest is lying in Rumania, but for some population (requiring vast living place) it works as one unit.:


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The site is in natural-like state, which is hardly disturbed, otherwise moderately studied, by ERTI (Forest Research Institute). The forest can regenerate itself naturally.:


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The ox-bow lakes exposed to different levels of disturbance depending on the way of usage. The oak-elmash forests are free from ruderals but oaks are rare. The pastures are degradated to a certain extent depending on the intensity of grazing. Komplex biodiversity surveys started in 1996.:


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It has high ecological value since the special habitats and rare species living here.:


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The wood is partly degraded with pseudo-acacia and poplars, but with same ancient features. The Botrychium population seems to be viable.:


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High habitat and species diversity. Typical lowland habitats partly in good conditions. The bird fauna of marshes and woods is very diverse. Detailed botanical and zoological surveys are exist but mainly unpublished.:


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Ever the secondary alkaline areas have high ecological value since they provide habitats for many rare, endemic, and endangered plant and animal species.:


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Natural conditions, extremely special habitats and landscape, high biodiversity. The site is well researched and described.:


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The sand dunes are the best examples of Pannonian inland dunes with high quality habitts and high botanical, zoological interest. The lakes dried out and are less and less saline.


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The habitat are of very good quality, since the area is extensively used only. Special values: heronry, wet woodlands, meadows. Detailed zoological and botanical surveys.:


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High quality alkaline lakes with natural and semi-natural grasslands around. High quality bird area. Detailed botanical surveys and zoological studies.:


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Nearly natural remnants of old riparian forests and landscape of River Tisza.:


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The loess steppe fragments represent best quality sites in the Great Hungarian Plain. The habitats are generally species poor becouse of the great abiotic (salt, drough) and biotic (sheep and cattle grazing) stresses. The wet habitats dry outtoo early, so are not suitable for water fowl breeding.


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High species and habitat diversity. The habitats contrary to other neighbouring site are not degraded. Extensive landuse maintains high diversity. General survey was made by naturalists from Szeged.:


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The vegetation is less natural, but the habitats are excellent for bird life.:


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The great bustard population is viable (vigorous). Vegetation is semi-natural, grazed. Marshes along the Berettyó river are of good quality.:


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The lake and its surrounding (corn fields) are high quality resting and feeding place for migratory birds. The lake has a typicla and special algla and salty mud vegetation. Low quality vegetation around the lake.


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Contains over 1% of the european population for severalspecies of birds; important for waterfowl with huge numbers of Anatidae in winter; bottleneck site for migrating raptors or stork; over 300 bird species between which over 170 species breed. Known, at day, more as 950 species (and 60 subspecies) of higher plants, 40 species of mammals, 20 species of reptiles and amphibians, 80 species of fishes and 3400 species of invertebrates. Well investigated in the last century, especially concerning the birds,fishes, invertebrates, higher plants and algae, offers still many new species, mainly between invertebrates and plants. Very important site for birds migration, with a great variety of bird species; despite of the antropisation of the area, large surfaces are still in very good condition of conservation (especially, the protected areas); there are still surfaces of great ecological and scientific interest which may be put under protection as scientific or natural reserves


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Many rare and very rare species of plants (of regional importance) and animals (vertebrates)


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Harbours the most important (southeastern) site with Cochlearia pyrenaica in Romania, as well as other rare plant species


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Some plant species rare for Romania; type site for habitat 51.1126 - "Eriophorum - Sphagnum fuscum lawns"


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Many bird species; the site is the most important for protection of Tetrao tetrix


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Type site for habitat 41.57331 - "Pre-Carpathian chestnut - sessile oak forests"


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After knowledges at day, perhaps is the last place in which survives the fish species Hucho hucho in Romania


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Century old meadows in very natural condition; protection for a very diverse flora including plant species with different biogeographical origin; mainly pontic species as well as some (relict) montane species


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Harbours some rare plant species, part of them important for regional flora


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Type site for habitat 42.21623 - "Carpathian high montane Hieracium spruce forests"; some rare plant species of regional importance; some rare or threatened animal species


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Type site for habitat 51.1124 - "Eriophorum-Sphagnum capillifolium lawns"; conserve many rare plant species of higher plants and bryophytes (especially Sphagnum); one of the most impostant lawn in Romania


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Harbours many endemic and rare plant species of regional importance


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Harbours a population of Tetrao tetrix and some rare plant species of regional importance


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Type site fo habitats 51.1125 - "Eriophorum-Sphagnum recurvum lawns" and 51.1129 - "Eriophorum-Sphagnum angustifolium lawns"; many rare species between which Betula nana and species of Sphagnum


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Harbours in herb layer important regional species, mainly charactersitic for fens. Important, also, for the conservation of Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi in Romania


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Important or the conservation of species Betula humilis in northern Carpathians of Romania


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Some rare plant species, type site for habitat 41.2C42 - "Moldavian spindle oak-hornbeam forests"


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Extremly important site for the conservation of endemic plant species Andryala levitomentosa (only one population in the world); other endemic or rare species of plants


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Important for the protection of Campanula serrata in Romania; other species of regional importance


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Site selected for the protection of some species of birds and mammals; rare and very rare (for Romania) plant species


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Harbours protected species of mammals and birds


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The site was established especially for the protection of mammal and bird species and represents the most important part from the teritory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Resting place for Branta ruficollis during the migration; plant species rare for Romania, between which Corynephorus canescens, Pulsatilla hungarica, Cirsium brachycephalum; psamophile vegetation on dunes


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Established for the protection of an important population of Felis silvestris


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Rare plant species of regional importance, as Pulsatilla hungarica and Centaurea sadlerana


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Type site for habitat 22.43113 - "Tranylvanian hot-spring lotus beds; the Peþea lake and rivulet represents the only one site in Europe in which lives, as tertiary relicts, the species Nymphaea lotus (= N.l. var.thermalis) and some very local and endemic species of fishes and invertebrates of regional importance


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Type site for habitat 41.2C322 - "Moesian Quercus cerris oak-hornbeam forests" and 41.4641 - "Dacian Phyllitis beech ravine forests"


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Harbours many plant species of regional importance


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Type site for habitat 42.21623 - "Carpathian high montane (Hieracium) spruce forest"; many plant species, rare or endemic, of regional importance


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Type site for habitats 44.921X - "Intra-Carpathian grey willow scrub" and 31.8B325 - Apuseni (Syringa josikaea) thickets"; important for the conservation of endemic plant species (and association with) Syringa josikaea as well as other rare species of regional importance


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Important site for breeding species and as stop-over of migrant bird species


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Established for the conservation of some mammal and bird species


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The last refuge on the lower part of Mureº River (in west of Romania) where is still nesting Egretta garzetta and Ardea cinerea


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Actually is the most important place in which the bird species Otis tarda occurs in Romania


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Type site for habitat 41.4642 - "Dacian ash-sycamore ravine forests"


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Type site for habitat 41.7696 - "Pre-Carpathian Quercus cerris - Quercus petraea s.l. forests"


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Type site for habitat 41.2C11 - "Dacian Melampyrum bihariense oak-hornbeam forests"; large areas from the site covered, during the spring, of beautiful associations with Narcissus stellaris


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The site is harbouring some bird species (as Ixobrychus minutus) not frequent in region


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Type site for habitat 31.216 - "Collinar-montane Carpathian (Vaccinium) heats"


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Some rare mammal species between which Ovis ammon (reintroduced)


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Conserve in good conditions some nemoral plants, including Silene vulgaris and Viola biflora


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Harbours the only one station with Lychnis nivalis in Rodna Mountains as well as in Romania


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Important for some protected bird and mammal species and some endemic plant species


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most important part from the area occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Very important mixture of plants species of different origins (pontic, mediterrenean, ponto-mediterranean elements) as well as endemites and relictes; the most important are Astragalus peterfii (endemic), Nepeta ucranica and Ephedra distachya


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The site conserve in good conditions a stepic vegetation including many rare pontic species


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Great number of rare bird species as well as plant species of regional interest


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Harbours some bird species which are nesting or migrating in this area as well as some plant species of regional importance


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Some endemic and rare plant species, as Liparis loeselii, Daphne cneorum, Trollius europaeus


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened species of mammal and bird species and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Type site for habitat 41.2C13 - "Dacian tatar maple oak-hornbeam forests"; some bird species rare in Transilvania


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Established as an area harbouring many protected species of birds


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Type site for the habitat 31.2162 - "Montane eastern carpathian bilberry-ling heaths"


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The site is regionally important for the conservation of species Paeonia tenuifolia


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Many rare and endemic plant species (especially Hammarbya paludosa) as well as many species of birds in migration or nesting here


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Many rare plant species as Botrychium multifidum, Eriophorum gracile and Cystopteris sudetica


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Conserve in good conditions some plant species as Microstylis monophyllos and Eriophorum gracile


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Important for the conservation of Euonymus nanus in Romania


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One of the most important site containing Betula humilis, Saxifraga hirculus, Eriophorum gracile


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The southest point in which lives (in Romania) Betula humilis, having here its southern limit of areal in Europe


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Conserve some rare plant species as Herminium monorchis, Botrychium multifidum, Betula humilis


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Conserve some rare or endemic of invertebrates and plant species


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Many valuable elements from botanical, zoological, speological, paleontological and landscape point of view; includes the Mereºti Cave which harbours the largest colony of Rhinolophus hipposideros in region


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The site was established especially for the protection of of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and representh the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most important part of the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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High value for the conservation of many species of saxicolous plants, invertebrates and even for some protected mammals


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Many rare and very rare plant species; type site for habitat 31.4325 - "Carpatho-Balkanic Juniperus sabina scrub"


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Good conditions for the conservation of many rare termophile species as Dianthus serotinus and Ephedra distachya


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Many hygrophile-mesophile plant species; associations of Narcissus stellaris, important in understanding the postglacial evolution of vegetation in Romania


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Important for the conservation of many plant species between which Coeloglossum viride, Pseudorchis albida and some endemic species


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Contains many plant species between which some endemics and rare species for the continental east-Europe


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The part represented by forest is a relict forest before the ice age, developed on limestone substrates in the montane level in eastern Carpathians; type site for habitat 42.5C8 - "East carpathian Sesleria scots pine forest"


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Harbours many rare plant species important for romanian flora, as Liparis loeselii, Adenophora lilifolia, Onosma pseudarenaria etc.


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Important for the conservation of saxicole-calciphile plant species as Saxifraga marginata and Onosma pseudarenaria


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Conserve some rare plant species, for Romania, as Lilium jankae and Tozzia alpina ssp.carpathica


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Many rare and regionally important specis as Delphinium simonkaianum, Viola jooi, Centaurea reichenbachii, Herminium monorchis


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the modt important part of the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Harbours rare and threatened animal species (mammals and birds); the site represents the most important part of the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds, as well as some rare plant species of regional importance


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Type site for habitat 41.769 - "Getic sub-continental thermophilous oak woods"


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Harbours rare and endemic plant species as Onosma arenaria, Silene cserei etc.


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Well conserved; 5 ha buffer area around the mouth of the cave


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Some rare higher plant species as well as some Sphagnum species


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Endemic or rare plant species as Sorbus dacica, Lilium jankae, Campanukla kladniana etc.; type site for habitat 41.4641 - "Dacian Phyllituis beech ravine forest"


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The site was esteblished especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Many rare and threatened plant species, most of them of european and regional interest; type site for habitats: 34.3512 - "Wast Carpathian Sesleria rigida grasslands", 36.4392 - "East carpathian calciphile stepped grasslands" and 36.42921 - East carpathian sesleria-evergreen sedge grassland"


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Type site for habitat 41.1D31 - "Dacian subalpine beech-spruce forests"


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Type site foe habitat 36.3413 - "Carpathian Carex curvula grassland"


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Plant species of european or regional importance (including some carpatic or dacic endemic plants)


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Considerable biogeographical importance for some bird as Charadrius morinellus and Eremophila alpestris balcanica as well as for some plant species of regional importance


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Many rare and regionally important species of plants between which Tozzia alpina ssp.carpathica


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Important for the conservation of some rare plant species as Astragalus dasyanthus, Onosma arenaria and insects (Saga pedo)


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most importanmt part of the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Type site for habitat 37.2625 - "Peri-Pannonic wood clubrush meadows"


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Type site for habitat 36.34632 - "Eastern Carpathian Juncus trifidus swards"


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Many rare and endemic plant species between which Achillea oxyloba ssp.schurii, Primula wulfeniana ssp.baumgarteniana, Campanula serrata etc.


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Important for the conservation of some plant species as Adenophora lilifolia and for the associations of Narcissus stellaris


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Rare and threatened plant species of regional and european interest; type site for the habitat 31.4915 - "Carpatho-Balkanide Dryas mats"


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Important for the conservation of some very rare or endemic plant species as Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum or Arenaria maritima ssp. barcensis; type site for habitat 54.234 - "Carpathian Davall sedge fens"


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Rare (for Romania) plant species between which Cypripedium calceolus


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Many rare and very rare plant species of european and regional importance; type site for habitat 54.328 - "Blue moorgrass fens"


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Harbours many bird species of european importanc


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened animal species (mammals and birds) and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Harbours many rare and regionally important species of mammals, birds and plants


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Harbours many plant species of european and regional importance as well as some carpathian endemites between which Dianthus callizonus is the most famous


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Type site for habitats: 41.1D54 - "South Carpathian Festuca drimeja beech forests"; 41.1D11 - "Dacian woodrush-beech forests"; 41.571232 - "Pre-Carpathian bilberry-sessile oak forests"; 41.57143 - "Pre-Carpathian purple moorgrass oak forests"; 41.7A151 - "Getic-pre-Carpathic Festuca drimeja oak forests"


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Xerophile plant species, rare for Romania; type site for habitat 41.7373 - "Intracarpathian insular Quercus virgiliana woods"


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Type site for habitat 41.1D212 - "Dacian Pulmonaria rubra fir-beech forests"


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Important feeding area for Ciconia ciconia (rare in Romania); many species of birds


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Type site for habitat 41.B37 - "Intra-Carpathian dune oak-birch woods"


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Type site for habitat 44.91152 - "Intra-Carpathian elongated sedge alder swamp woods"


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Only one natural site in Romania where is growing the plant species Schievereckia podolica, being here at the western limit of areal; the species is threatened because the construction of a dam-lake, as well as the association Asplenio-Schievereckietum described by here


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Important for the conservation of glaciar relict Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum


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Extremly important for the conservation of plant species Schievereckia podolica which was replanted here before its natural site to be destroit by the chagement of land use; some others rare plants of regional importance


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Some endemic (carpatic and dacic) plant species of regional importance


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Rare and endemic plant species of regional importance


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Some rare of regional importance; type site for the habitat 41.7A225 - "Sarmatic Acer tataricum - Quercus robur - Quercus petraea steppe woods"


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Unique flora for the eastern zone of romanian Moldavia, with Crambe tataria, Iris sintenisii ssp.brandzae etc.


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Type site for habitat 41.7A224 - "Sarmatic Acer tataricum- Quercus robur steppe woods"


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The site was established especially for the protectuin of some rare and threatened mammals (Felis silvestris, Lutra lutra) and represents the most important part of the territory occupied by the recordered populations


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Many rare and endemic plant species of regional and european importance, in the herb layer of forests; many species of birds and mammals; type site for habitats 42.21625 - "Carpathian (Leucanthemum) high montane spruce forest" and 42.3531 - "Eastern Carpathian larch forests"


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Site harbouring many rare bird species as well as plant species important for regional flora


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Concentration of endemic plant species between which Astragalus pseudopurpureus has here the most important place of conservation


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Place for breeding or passage for some bird species in submontane zone


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most important part of the territory occupied by the recordered populations of mammals and birds


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Many thermophile, pontic and submediterranean plant species forming a relictar flora


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal anf bird species and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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Some carpatic emdemites; well develped populations of Taxus baccata


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Many rare or endemic plant species of regional importance; great number of mammal and bird species


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One of the most important sites for the conservation of regionally important plant Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum


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Conserve an interesting mixture of Sphagnum species


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Natural forests well conserved and cliff and scree vegetation including some carpatic endemites


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Many elements of pannonic and pontic flora, some of them rare and of regional interest


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Some rare species of regional importance as well as some plant associations with restricted extention in Romania (Stipetum capillatae, Agropyretum pectiniforme, Chrysopogonetum grylli)


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Some south- and pontic plant species, with regionally importance


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Type site for habitat 41.7A222 - "Pontic (Acer tataricum-Quercus pubescens) steppe woods"


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The site is an exceptionally hybridogenic center (e.g.: Q. x pseudopubescens (l.c.), Q. x speciosa (l.c.), Q. x corcyrensis, Q. x valachica, Q. x kerneri, Q. x calvescens, Q. x venusta, Q. x dacica, Q. x diversifrons, Q. x budensis)


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Mixture of many species of Quercus; note that here Quercus frainetto has its northest limit of areal


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Many hydrophile and hygrophile species in the herb layer; important for the conservation of Euonymus nanus in Romania


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal species and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals


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Extremly importane site for the conservation of plant species Palimbia rediviva and Colchicum fominii which are here to the western limit of areal; other rare pontic and balcanic plant species


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Important for the conservation of some rare plant species as Carex stenophylla, Achilea ochroleuca, Silene vulgaris


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Some rare plant species, of regional importance


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Many pontic plant species, characteristic for the herb layer of silvosteppe forests


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Refuge for rare bird species; place of halting and resting for birds during the spring and autumn migration


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Represents the most important site in Romania in which is still nesting the very rare bird species Otis tarda


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Many endemic and rare species of plants and animals; good condition of conservation


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Rare species of animal and plant species; type site for habitat 41.1D52 - "South carpathian Corylus colurna beech forest"


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Many rare plant species of regional importance; type site for habitat 41.1D5 - "South Carpathian therompile beech forests"


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Many rare, southern plant species; type site for habitats 41.1D5 - "South carpathian thermophilous beech forest" and 41.1D53 - "South carpathian Helleborus odorus beech forest"


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Rare and endemic species; excellent associations with Peucedanum rochelianum and Narcissus stellaris


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Type site for habitat 41.7A152 - "Getic-pre-Carpathic Aremonia oak forests"


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The most important colony of Rhinolophus euryale in Romania; population not recensed in the last ten years


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More bat species protected in Europe; population not recensed in the last ten years


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Submediterranean plant species in the herb layer; type site for habitat 41.76812 - "Moesian-Danubian oriental hornbeam Quercus cerris forests"


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Type site for habitat 41.1D51 - "South Carpathian Aremonia beech forests"


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Rare and endemic plant species; important for the conservation of species Orchis coriophora, Laserpitium archangelica etc.


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Type site for habitat 41.1D13 - "Dacian Galium rotundifolium beech forests"


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Some rare plant species; type site for habitat 41.4643 - "Dacian Geranium macrorrhyzum beech ravine forest"


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One of the most important mixed colony of bat species, regarding the number of species and individuals; the colony was not recensed in the last ten years


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Type site for habitats 41.7694 - "Getic Quercus frainetto-Quercus cerris-Quercus petraea s.l. forests" and 41.7695 - "Getic Quercus frainetto-Quercus petraea s.l. forests"


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most imporant part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds; some rare and regionally important plant species, mainly Aubrietia columnae ssp.croatica


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Type site for habitat 42.A77 - "Carpathian yew woods"


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Type site for habitats: 41.1D12 - "Dacian Galium kitaibelianum beech forests"; 42.21621 - "Carpathian subalpine Rhododendron spruce forests"; 42.21622 - "Carpathian subalpine Bruckenthalia spruce forests": 42.5CA - "East Carpathian Daphne blagayana Scots pine forests"


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Some rare plant species; type site for habitat 54.4B1 - "Eriophorum vaginatum-Carex pauciflora sphagnum fen"


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The area is harbouring a large number of endemic plants or being at them northern or eastern limit of areal; type site for habitat 41.73725 - "Acanthus white oak woods"


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Area for protection of some endemic or rare species, mainly for Stipa danubialis which is here replanted for saving and conservation


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Type site for habitat 42.662 - "Banat pine forests"; satisfactory condition of conservation


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Some rare plant species of regional importance


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Many mediterranean plant species, some of them rare or subendemic and of regional importance


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Many rare psamophile plant species including Colchiocum arenarium, Achillea ochroleuca; swamp vegetation which offers good conditions for many species of birds


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Type site for habitat 44.91151 - "Pre-Carpathian alder swamp woods"


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Type site for habitat 41.7692 - "Getic Carex precox-Quercus frainetto forests"


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About only 1 km of the river Vâlsan, just upstream of the village Brãdetu-Bãi, is still harbouring the endemic fish species Romanichthys valsanicola, the most important and threatened fish genus and species in Europe; extremly important site from zoological (ichthyological) point of view


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened species of mammal and birds species and represents the most important part of the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds


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The site was established especially for the protection of rare and threatened mammal and bird species and represents the most important part from the territory occupied by the registered populations of mammals and birds; the site is also harbouring many rare and endemic plant species


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Some rare (balcanic) species at them northern limit of areal; important for the conservation of Tozzia alpina ssp.carpathica


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Rare plant species of regional importance, as Secale montanum, Astragalus depressus, Streptopus amplexifolius


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One of the few places where in still breeding Bubo bubo in Romania


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Bison bonasus lives here in semicaptivity, reintroduced in its former natural areal


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Type site for habitat 24.22221 - "Carpatho-Alpine small-reed river gravel communities"


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Many rare plant species between various species of orchids


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Type site for habitat 42.1323 - "Dacian acidophile beech fir forest"


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Some endemic and rare plant species; type site for habitat 36.425 - "Carpathian naked-rush swards"


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Type site for habitat 54.1226 - "Carpathian oriental leopardsbane communities"


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Rare plant species between which Nitraria schoberi, the only one station in Romania with this plant which is here at its western limit of areal


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Important for the conservation of Leuzea altaica and Serratula bulgarica in Romania


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Harbours rare and threatened species of mammals and birds for which the site represents the most important part from the territory occupied by registered populations of mammals and birds; many endemic or subendemic plant species; type site for habitat 41.B361 - "Carpathian rowan birch woods"


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Rare halophile plant species; type site for habitat 44.81411 - "Western Pontic fresh water Tamarix smyrnensis stands"


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Many psamophile plant species as Achillea ochroleuca, Scabiosa argentea, Peucedanum arenarium


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Rare species as Ranunculus polyphyllus and Cardamine parviflora


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Many rare and halophile plant species as Scilla autumnalis, Trifolium echinatum, Limonium gmelinii, Camphorosma annua


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Rare species of regional interest as Limodorum abortivum, Paeonia peregrina, Crupina vulgaris


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Type site for habitat 41.7A223 - "Pontic Acer tataricum-Q.cerris- Q.pedunculiflora steppe woods"


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Type site for habitat 41.7A232 - "Getic Prunus mahaleb white oak woods"


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Type site for habitat 41.7691 - "Getic white cinquefoil Quercus cerris forests"


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Type site for habitat 41.8412 - "Silver lime-hornbeam woods"


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Type site for habitat 41.7693 - "Getic Crocus flavus-Quercus frainetto-Quercus cerris forests"


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Many rare plant and animal species; type site for more habitats: 16.2124 - "Pontic white dunes"; 44.662 - "Danube delta galleries"; 44.6621 - "Danube Delta periploca-poplar-oak-ash galleries"; 44.6622 - "Danube Delta Hippophae-Populus canescens galleries


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Great ornithological and ecological interest; the largest colony of Pelecanus onocrotalus in Europe


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Ichtyofaune well represented and well protected by the isolation of the complex; floating reed islets


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Harbours many species of birds and fishes as well as an expresive floating vegetation


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Great interest for botany and forestry; type site for habitat 44.6621 - "Danube delta periploca-poplar-oak-ash galleries"


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Great concentration of limicoles; especially important for Larum melanocephalus which breeds here


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Includes the forest Erenciuc (insular, natural forest of Alnus glutinosa; only one in the Danube Delta) and the lake Erenciuc (which harbours the best developped populations of Trapa natans growing actually in the Danube Delta)


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Small stepic vegetation; important place for resting of migrating birds


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The most important and favourable place for nesting for some species (between which Pelecanus crispus and Sterna sandvicensis), for resting during the migration; greatest concentration of birds during the autumn and spring; type site for habitat 44.81412 - "Western pontic coastal Tamarix smyrnensis stands"


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Nesting zone for limicols, larids and sternids; the prefered refuge for Branta ruficollis; type site for the habitat 15.1461 - "Pontic Frankenia pulverulenta communities"


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Nesting area for many species of birds; many rare and endemic plant species; important site for protection of xerophilous, halophilous cliff vegetation; type site for the habitat 18.32 - "Pontic saline lagoon cliffs"


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Excelent habitats for feeding and nesting for many species of birds


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Many rare plant species of european and regional importance


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Only one area in Romania in which was signaled (in the last time) the aquatic fern Marsilea quadrifolia


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Type site for the habitat 44.6622 - "Danube Delta Hippophae- Populus canescens gelleries"


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Mixed colonies of nesting bird species; only one area in the Danube Delta in which was recently observed the carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa


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Some balcanic and oriental plant species of regional importance; rare exemplarea of Quercus pubescens and Acer tataricum


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Type site for habitat 41.1F - "Dobrogean beech forest"


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Only one site in which is, actually, known the beautiful ephemeropter Palingenia longicauda


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Important for its great number of bird species, especially raptors


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Some rare species; type site for habitats: 41.73724 - "Moesian Galium dasypodum- white oak woods"; 41.76832 - "Dobrogean sessile oak-lime-oriental hornbeam-ash forests"; 41.76833 - "Dobrogean Quercus pedunculiflora-lime-oriental hornbeam forests"


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Type site for habitat 41.73723 - "Moesian Paeonia peregrina- white oak woods"


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Type site for habitats 41.768 - "Moesio-Danubian thermophilou oak forests" and 41.76813 - "Moesio-Danubian mixed oak Quercus frainetto forests"


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Vegetation including (pontic) endemic and rare plant species; type site for habitat 16.22B - "Pontic fixed dunes"


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Important place for wintering and migrating birds; the most important site for wintering for Branta ruficollis


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Area of great concentration of birds during the winter migration; many bird species are wintering in this lacustrine complex which is, also, an important nesting place during the spring


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Very good place for nesting, feeding and resting of birds; impressive number od bird species as well as many species of others vertebrates and some rare plant species


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Only one cave in region harbouring the species Pipistrellus nathusii (protected in Europe)


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The most important population, in Romania, of Myotis mystacinus (bat species protected in Europe)


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Many bird species as well as some rare plant species; the site includes also the cave "Canaraua Fetii" with an important colony of Myotis emarginatus


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Rare plant species of regional importance and many bird species


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Forest of Quercus pubescens and Q.pedunculiflora harbouring a large number of pontic-mediterranean rare plant species of regional importance


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Rare and endemic plant species in very good condition of conservation, as Agropyrum cristatum ssp.brandzae and Campanula romanica


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The site is harbouring some nesting bird species; many plant species of pontic origin as well as some rare species of regional importance


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Here is reintroduced Ovis ammon and entered (from Bulgaria) Canis aureus


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Famous and extremly important cave harbouring a singular chemoautotophically based ecosystem linked to sulpurous geothermal waters in a quasi-closed, relatively warm (20°C), deoxygenated methane- and hydrogen sulfide-rich atmosphere, comprising a unique, totally isolated, thermophile and thiophile relict fauna of highly distinctive troglobiont and stygobiont invertebrates; In the buffer area, many plant species endemic or rare in Romania; type site for habitats 65.4411 - "Dobrogean hydro-thermal sulphur caves" and 31.8B731 - "Western pontic jasmine christ's thorn scrub"


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Despite the fact that is strongly antropised, the zone conserve some rare psamophile plant species as Corispermum marschalii and Verbascum purpureum


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The site is of high geological and botanical value. The picturesque cliff stands partly on three levels and the lowest level is located under the sea-water. The site includes the only known breeding place for guillemot in Estonia.


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The site is valuable for its salmon population.


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The site provides high geobotanical and geological interest.


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Rare habitats - alvars. The caves are valuable wintering place for bats.


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The site is ofgeobotanical and ecological importance.


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One of the few preserved broad-leaved forests rich in species in North-Estonia and in whole Estonia.


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Valuable grey dunes are covered by Stereocaulon spp.and Cladonia spp.. Rare mosses (Lecanactis abietina, Dicranum montanum var. truncicolum) occur.There is an interesting clay terrace and peculiar coastal pine trees (low and awry).


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The site provides high botanical and ornithological interest. Important breeding site for seals.


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A representative wilderness mire and forest area, geological values.


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The only known occurance of Margaritifera margaritifera in Estonia.


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The site pronides ornithological interest.


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Site is a part of the proposed IBA. It is an important resting and feeding place for migrating birds.


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The site is the only wooded fen meadow in Estonia which is in a natural state and rich in species. Valuable old alvar forests without human impact. Numerous mushroom species can be found in the forest.


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The site is covered with valuable old (90 - 120 years) pine forests, where windfallen and dried standing trees occur. Lekking ground for capercaillie.


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Valuable old forest patches include windfallen trees (on 1/10 of the area even over 20 % of the forest). Dried out standing trees also occur on the site.


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Valuable old forest on the flood plain of Janijoe river.


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On she site there is an unique geological phenomen as the decidous broadleaved forest (Ulmus-Acer-Tilia) which is rare in the northern Europe occurs on the slope of the limestone cliff.


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The site consists of valuable old forest patches, where windfallen trees form partly over 20 % of the area and dried out standing trees 5 to 20 %. These swampy deciduous forests are really rich in species and include over 100 species of plants (incl. trees, shrubs, overgrowth). Several threatened plant and bird species are represented.


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Typical East-Estonian bog. High hydrological importance since it is located near the oil shale mining. Habitats for flying squirrel, and several thretened bird species.


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Valuable old forest patches form 70 % of the site. The forests are 70 - 150 years old, where windfallen trees fallen down in different times form partly over 20 % and dried out standing trees over 5 % of the area.


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The site is the largest complete practically untouched mire area in Estonia. Special features of the area are: diverse mire types with exclusive quaggy places, valuable bird and mammal fauna. Also valuable old forests are represented, for example 110 years old Aegopodium spruce forest (11.7 ha) and 160 years old Polytrichum-Myrtillus pine forest.


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The site is a remarkable large old forest area, where various forest types (from swampy bog and transitional mire forests to dry heath forests) are represented. There is also one of the largest alluvial broad-leaved forests in Estonia which provide nesting places for Haliaeetus albicilla.


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Valuable large flooded meadows communities with practically no human impact provide ornithological importance.


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Valuable old forests aged up to 130 years, where windfallen trees (partly over 10 % of the forest) and dried out standing trees occur. There are big aspen trees with hollows. Habitats of Pterymus volans, Ciconian nigra, Tetrao urogallus.


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The site has valuable forest in a natural state. There are some old aspens and very large ashes. The windfallen trees form more than 5 %, partly more than 30 % of the area. Fallen trees are in various stages of decay. Percentage of dried out standing trees is appr. 10 %, partly 15 %. A lot of hollow trees can be found.


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The value of the site is old forests, where the oldest species are spruces (over 150 years) and aspens. The windfallen trees form over 10 %, partly 20% of the forests and dried out standing trees over 5%. Fallen trees are in different stages of decay.


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The value of the site lies in old forest, where percentage of windfallen trees in different stages of decay is 20 and also in bear and flying squirrel habitats.


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The value of the site lies in old forest patches where windfallen trees form up to 10 % and dried out standing trees appr. 5 %, partly 10 % of the trees.


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It is the largest known monolithic pure fen area in Europe. The small mires between sandy ranges of hills have given a unique opportunity to study mire development from the lower stages (fen as the first one) to the highest (bog as the last one). Valuable are also old forest patches on the mire islands and in the marginal part of mire.


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Approximately 14 % of the site is covered with 100 - 170 years old forest. Some trees are really old, for example, pine trees with diameter 52 cm in alder swamp wood. There is lots of windfallen trees, partly 10-20 % in different stages of decay. Dried out standing trees form up to 15 % of the whole number of trees.


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Smolnitsa dunes are one of the most untouchable and picturesque shore areas of lake Peipsi. One of the few areas where the real lake shore dunes occur in Estonia. The old birch forest is really rare in Europe.


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Importance: rare fen communities, diverse bog areas. It is also important for preserving underground water.


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One of the few remained natural wooded fens in Estonia, rich in species.


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Part of the area is practically untouched with human activity.


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This is a valuable old forest area (up to 110-150 years). Windfallen trees form more than 5 %, partly more than 20 % of the forest and they are in different stages of decay. Dried out standing trees form appr. 5 % of the forest.


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A representative wilderness forest area, valuable landscape.


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The site provides ornithological interest.


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A representative wilderness bog and forest area, valuable landscapes.


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A representative vegetation, valuable landscapes.


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A representative wilderness forest area, geological values.


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A representative wilderness forest area, valuable landscapes.


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The site is important as a seal breeding site in the Estonian part of Gulf of Finland. The only breeding place for razorbill in Estonia.


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The site provides ornithological importance.


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The best spawning place for sea trout in Estonia. The reed beds are an important breeding and resting places for waterfowls. Orgu forest is valuable as an old forest, where windfallen trees form less than 5 % (in one part 5 - 20 %) of the forest fallen in different stages of decay. Dried out standing trees form less than 5 % of the forest.


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The site has mostly hydrological importance but several rare birds and mammal species are also represented.


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The site is valuable for its interesting rare ecosystems. There is well-studied zooplankton, but about the other rare species of the site only general information is available.


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The clearest waterbody in Estonia which with its surroundings forms scenic landscape.


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Valuable old forest patches are 100 - 150 years old. Windfallen trees and dried out standing trees form 5 to 20 % of the forest.


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Valuable old forests, where windfallen trees form 5 %, partly 5 to 20 % of the total number of trees. Spruce trees are partly over 120 years old, oak trees over 150 years old. The area is practically untouched.


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The site is of high botanical importance.


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Interesting landscape: eskers - rare in Estonia, large untouched bogs, oligotrophic lake Mahuste with Lobelia ponds. The site includes the only habitat of Oxytropis sordida in Estonia. Valuable old forest patches without any human impact.


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The site has high value considering nature conservation.


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The site is valuable for spring fen and bog habitats.


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The site is remarkable for its 4 whirlpools, the largest one is 100 m wide.


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The lake of Loosalu is the largest typical dystrophic bog waterbody in Estonia and one of the few in Europe. The undergrowth in swamp forests is very rich in species.


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One of the few areas in Estonia where alvar oak forest, alvar spruce forest, alvar pine forest and alvars all in natural state can be found together.This is highly significant for nature conservation. Valuable habitat for musci Hamatocaulis vernicosus.


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There is valuable old forest without any human impact. Broad-leaved forests are rare in these latitudes.


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Old broad-leaved forests are rare in Estonia. The site is significant as a nature conservation object.


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The site is valuable for old alvar forest patches. A part of the area (6.8 ha) is the most expressive 110 - 120 years old alvar pine forest in Western Estonia. Diverse mushroom species including Gomphus clavatus, which is threatened in Estonia, also occur.


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Valuable 100 - 160 years old forest where windfallen trees form partly 5 - 20 %, dried out standing trees less than 5 % of the total number of trees.


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the site includes valuable old forests, especially rare are alvar forest types. Good habitats for rare mushroom species (Hygrophorus penarius). Practically without any human influence.


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The site is valuable for its old forest patches. Tried out standing trees form less than 5 %, windfallen trees less than 5 %, partly 5 to 20 % of the total number of trees.


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Typical natural bog complex in Estonia. Well studied area.


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One of the few remained open fens in Estonia that is rich in species.


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Valuable old forest is approximately 70 - 110 years old. Remarkable is 100 years old aspen forest of Aegopodium site type.


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One of the largest monolithic spring fens in Europe where rare spring fen communities (e.g.Carex davalliana) occur.


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Many threatened arctic and arcto alpine plankton and benthos species can be found in the lakes. The threatened Pleurospermum austriacum occurs in the forest islands. The site is also a nesting place for Haliaeetus albicilla and Aquila chrysaetos.


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The Vohandu river is a valuable salmon river.


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This is a typical natural lawn-bog in East Estonia. The site provides botanical and ornithological interest.


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Valuable old forest site. Lagging place for Tetrao urogallus.


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The river is an important site for fish Thymallus thymallus. The river valley is important for butterflies - it is one of the few places where Parnassius mnemonyse can be found in Estonia and the valley is scenically valuable for its sandstone outcrops. The old caves of glass-sand mines are important for bats.


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A scenically valuable outcrops in the river valley. There is the only occurance of Parnassius mnemonyse in Estonia and the river is important habitat for fish Thymallus thymallus.


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This is a valuable 70 - 110 years old forest. Ash forest is quite rare in Estonia. Dried out standing trees form 5 %, windfallen trees 5 % of the forest.


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The big nearly unhabitated mire area provides scientifical, ornithological, mammaological and hydrological interest. The area contains habitats of several rare bird species and is an essential halting place for waterfowl during their spring transit over Estonia.


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The largest remained fen in Estonia in the eutrophic phase for a long period. It has high botanical, ornithological, and mammological value. The area contains sites for several rare bird and mammal species and is an essential halting place for waterfowl during the spring transit over Estonia. There are many scientific studies about the area.


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An important site for amphibians. The majority of local species is represented: Triturus vulgaris, Rana temporaria, Rana arvalis, Rana esculanta, Bufo viridis, Pelobates fuscus.


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The site has high ornithological and botanical importance.


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The value of the site lies in old forests in climax stage. Really old forest patches occur: 190 years old deciduous forest mixed with spruce, 180 years old transitional mire pine forest and rare lime-dominated forest. Windfallen trees in different stages of decay form partly more than 20 %, dead standing trees appr. 5 % of the forests.


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The site is covered with valuable old forest patches. One third of the area is covered with 110 to 150 years old pine forest which is practically untouched.


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The site provides ornithological interest, valuable are also natural and semi-natural communities.


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One of the few remained species rich wooded spring fen in Estonia.


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One of the few preserved alluvial wooded meadow and riverine forests in Estonia. Remarkable floodplain. The site provides scientific interest.


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The site is valuable for itsn rare geomorphology in Estonia and most probably in the whole world.


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Ash forest is really rare in Estonia. It is quite old - about 100 years and practically untouched. Windfallen trees form more than 20 % of the forest and they are in different stages of decay. Dried out standing trees form less than 5 % of the forest (mainly spruces).


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VAluable old forest where windfallen trees in different stages of decay form more than 20 % of the forest. Dried out standing trees - less than 5 % (mostly spruces).


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Yhe value of the site lies in valuable old forest patches where windfallen trees in different stages of decay form partly more than 20 % of the forest. Dried out standing trees form less than 5 %.


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Valuable old forest site is mainly 100 - 170 years old. Some pines are up to 250 years old. Windfallen trees in different stages of decay form 5 %, partly 5 - 20 % of the total number of trees.


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70 % of the forest is valuable old forest.


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The site provides high ornithological, geobotanical and geomorphological interest The best preserved alluvial wooded meadow is Halliste meadow. The large bogs are practically untouched. There are also some old forest patches. On the southern edge of the Kuresoo bog lies a unique steep wooded marginal slope. On 50 - 100 metres the peat layer is 6 - 8 metres thick.


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The value of the site lies in valuable flooded fen communities and the mire islands between them.


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Interesting relic lake with several rare algaes: Stauroneis recondita, S. nana, Pleurotaenium baculoides, P. simplicissium insigne.


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The best preserved elm forest in Estonia where windfallen trees form 5 % and dried out trees 5% of the total number of trees.


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Valuable old forest sites are in different ages. There are also some small open spaces in the forest. There is partly a lot of windfallen trees and dried out trees on the site.


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Meromictic lakes, valuable habitats for Pallasea, etc.


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The value lies in 90 - 100 years old forest patches.


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In the valuable old forest dried out trees form 5 %, windfallen trees in different stages of decay 5 to 20 % of the forest. Also 80-90 years old aspen trees grow on the site.


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In the valuable old forest windfallen trees form ca 20 % of all standing trees and dead standing trees more than 5 %.The area is without human impact.


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Valuable diverse ecosystems on the site are in natural state.In old forest patches windfallen trees form partly 5 % of the forest. There are also lots of dead standing trees and gigant aspen trees (120 years old). Several protected plant species e.g. Epipactis helleborine can be found. The area is also abundant in mushroom species (e.g. Marasmius wynnei - included in the Red Data Book of Estonia).


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Annual saltmarsh communities are rare in Estonia. The site is a stopping place for migrating birds.


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This is a significant breeding area for seals (ca 400 individuals of Halichoerus grypus). These islets are important resting and moulting places for waterfowls and they are notable for rare habitats.


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The area is well studied and rich in species.


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Valuable coastal meadows and lakes are imortant habitats for Bufo calamita and birds, feeding places for Ciconia nigra and Haliaeetus albicilla.


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The site provides high botanical, geomorphological and zoological interest. The typical islets are in their natural stages.


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Valuable old forest area is in different ages. There are windfallen trees in different stages of decay in some places. The brush-wood has been cleaned on 15 ha, therefore this part looks like parkland, but anyway, these trees are 160-200 years old.


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The site is valuable for its different rare forest types. Especially peculiar is 150 years old alvar spruce forest on boulder beaches where windfallen trees form partly over 20 % of the trees. Besides there is growing 180 -190 years old pine heath forest. 3/4 of the forest area is covered with forests over 100 years old. The forest is rich in peculiar mushroom species.


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These are valuable old forests in the point of nature conservation. There are also pictureresque old pine forests (180 years old) on dunes with old high spruce and birch trees between the dunes. Windfallen trees in different stages of decay form 5 % of the forest. 10 years old windfallings occur there, dried out standing trees form appr 5% of the forest and thanks to the activity of bark beetles they are partly of same age.


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There are valuable old forests on various landscape where previous beach ridges covered with forests turn to fens. The forests are in different ages, the windfallen and dried out trees also occur and form partly over 5% of the forest. There is the habitat for unique hybrid alder Alnus glutinosa x incana.


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Valuable old forests are up to 160 years old. Some pine trees are 150 to 200 years old. Windfallen trees are in different stages of decay and in some places form over 5 % of the forest.


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This is quite a large old forest area with mires (peculiar heath-bogs) and previous lakes. The mire located in the SW part of the site is formed on the depression of previous lagoon surrounded by transitional mire with bog vegetation ( this is a rare composition). The forest is in different ages, partly with small open spaces, partly with windfalls. Windfallen trees form partly 20 %, dried out standing trees 20 % of the forest. The site provides ornithological and botanical interest.


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The value of the site lies in geological importance (bedrock outcrops, beach ridges, boulder beaches), botanical importance (threatened plant species and humid alvars) and ornithological importance (the site is a stopping place for migratory birds).


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The most valuable are practically untouched coastal heathlands among which Empetrum heaths, rare in Estonia, occures. Also quite old Scotch pine heath forest grows here.


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The value of the site lies in high diversity of mire types. This is one of the few mire systems in Europe, where bog surrounded fen areas have not been drained. There is a site for Rhyncospora fusca which is rare in Estonia. Valuable old forest patches are without any human impact.


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The largest fen rich in species in the region.


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The site provides high ornithological interest.


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Valuable salmon rivers provide also ornithological interest.


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These salt flats are rare in Estonia and provide high botanical interest.


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The site provides high geomorphogical, geobotanical, lichenological and ornithological interest. Unique overgrown lichens habitats are in their natural state. The only occurance of arctoalpine lichen - Cetaria cuculata in Estonia.


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The site provides high geobotanical and geomorphological interest. It is a feeding place for Haliaeetus albicilla.


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The largest reed beds in Europe. Important bird area for moulting, stop-over and wintering birds, nesting area for waterfowls. The number of accounted bird species is 250. During the spring migration it is traversed by over million geeses and ducks and up to 100,000 swans.


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The largest preserved wooded meadow rich in species in Northern Europe. The broad-leaved forest is rare at this altitute. An important site for birds. This is a well studied area.


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The site provides botanical and ornithological interest. The Pivarootsi alvar is on of the largest alvars at the seashore of West-Estonia mainland. The Nehatu mire is valuable as there is one of the largest habitats for subatlantic Cladium mariscus.


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The site has a special value for maintaining the genetic and ecological diversity of the region because of the quality and peculiarities of its fauna and flora.


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The site provides high botanical interest.


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This is a typical developing West-Estonian bog (as a model). There are habitats for several threatened plant and bird species.


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The site provides high geobotanical interest.


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The largest wooded meadow on siliceous soil in Northern Europe.


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Quite a representative old oak forest with ash, lime, aspen and birch trees which has high significance for nature conservation. Windfallen trees form 5 % or less, dried out standing birch trees appr.5% of th forest.


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Monolithic mire system is situated in the centre of cultural landscape. Valuable stopping site for migrating birds. Untouched old forest patches.


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Valuable old forests are 100- 150 years old. Windfallen trees form partly more than 20 %, dried out standing trees less than 5 % of the forest. Lekking ground for Tetrao urogallus.


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Valuable old forests where windfallen trees in different stages of decay form 5 - 20 % and dried out standing trees less than 5 %, partly 5 - 20 % of the forest.


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Valuable coastal meadows have ornithological importance.


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The site has botanical (there is the most western occurence of Chamaedaphne calyculata) and ornithological importance. These bogs are in natural states.


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Mammaological (seals) and ornithological interests.


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The largest population of Bufo calamita in Baltic countries. Valuable coastal meadows.


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A typical raised bog in Western Estonia with remarkable flora and bird fauna.


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Large areas are covered with homogenous habitats, e.g. Juncus gerardii community, beach ridge, upper meadows, juniper shrubberies. This is an important nesting site for birds during their migration.


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Large coastal meadow with well-developed communities provides also ornithological importance.


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Valuable old forest are mainly 65-100 years old lots of really old black alders. Windfallen trees in different stages of decay form 5 to 20 % and dried out standing trees 5 % of the forest.


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This is a valuable old forest where windfallen trees form partly 5 to 20 %, dried out standing trees less than 5 %, partly even over 20% of the forest.


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Valuable old forest area provide lekking places for capercaille.


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VAluable old forest, where windfallen trees form over 20 % in different stage of decay. Standing tried out trees form also over 20 %.


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The site has habitats of rare plant Gladiolus imbricatus, amphibian Bufo calamita and birds. Valuable coastal meadows.


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In valuable old forest patches some aspen trees have diameter more than 50 cm. Windfallen trees form 5 - 20 % of the forest. There is a nesting place for Buteo buteo.


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In this valuable old forest site windfallen treesin different stages of decay form appr. 5%, dried out standing trees is 5% of the forest.


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In valuable old forest windfallen trees in different stages of decay form 5 %, partly 5-20% of the forest. The percentage of dried out standing trees is appr. 5.


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Valuable old forest is rich in species and practically untouched.


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In valuable 100 - 160 years old forest wide black alders (diameter 40 cm) and pines (diameter 50 - 60 cm) can be found. Windfallen trees in different stages of decay form 5 to 20% and dried out trees partly 5 to 20 % of the forest.


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Valuable old forest, where thick aspen and spruce trees occur. Some trunks have diameters up to 80 cm. Windfallen trees in different stages of decay form up to 20 % of the forest or even more. Lots of dried out standing trees occur.


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Valuable old forest is 120-130 years old with thick aspen and spruce trees. This is a breeding place for Ciconia nigra.


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It is an important breeding site for 70 different bird species (about 5000 breeding pairs) and a resting site for migrating birds (10.000 waterfowls stop here during their migration). Also it is a valuable spawning site for fish and there are remarkable amounts of medical mud.


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An interesting area for its coastal habitats and rare plant species. An important nesting and resting place for birds. Since geological youth, there is possible to observe integral development of flora, vegetation and ecosystems.


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The site is a very important nesting and resting site for seabirds. Diverse coastal habitats are represented. There is the only habitat in Estonia of Cochleria danica - Sagina maritima community.


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The value lies in old forest where windfallen trees in different stages of decay form 5 %, dried out standing trees 5 %, partly 5 to 20 % of the forest. A lot of Taxus baccata, Ulmus laevis, and Sorbus rupicola which are rare in these latitudes, can be found.


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The site provides geomorphological interest (the dunes). Valuable opened heath communities are represented.


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The site provides botanical interest. The streams are valuable habitats for salmon.


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The area provides high geobotanical interest. The habitat of Schoenus nigricans is rare in Estonia. Feeding place for Haliaeetus albicilla and Ciconia nigra.


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One of the few preserved fens in West-Estonia.


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This is a unique alvar type community rich in plant species.There are lots of scientific studies about the site.


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The only preserved bog on Saaremaa island.


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The site is interesting for its landscape, botanical and ornithological values.


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Unique habitat - alvar occurs only in Estonia and on the Swedish islands.


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The site has specific significance for breeding and migrating birds and also for seals. It is an important spawning ground for several fish species.


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Rare forest site type (syrjamannik in Estonian) that occurs only in western part of Estonia is represented. Here is one of the few habitats of Cypripedium calceolus on Muhu island. It is valuable nesting site for Haliaeetus albicilla.


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Valuable coastal meadows provide ornithological interest.


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Diverse and beautiful landscape part of which is a typical coastal meadow with rare plant and bird species (e.g. Juncus gerardii).


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The most valuable part is broad-leaved forest really rare on this latitudes. Alvar grasslands are unfortunately sad examples of owergrowing areas after lacking of managment. In successional processes alvar-juniper scrub-alvar forests have scientific value. Sea-shores are in comparatively untouched state and these are good nesting and feeding places for birds.


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The most valuable part is alvar spruce forest, but also alvar grasslands are very species-rich and numerous plant species protected in Estonia are represented there. The forest is in good condition but alvars need more extensive managment. The site has also high geological value. Feeding ground for Sterna sp. and for Circus aeruginosus.


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Valuable coastal meadow provides stopping place for Branta leucopcis. Feeding area for Haliaeetus albicilla.


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Unique community type - alvar - is rich in species.


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A remarkable alvar habitat is represented.


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The site provides high geobotanical and ornithological interest. The islet of Oosla maa is quite peculiar among the other ones thanks to its plant species composition and plant communities. The islet is in natural state and the plant communities and bird life are worth of futher investigation.


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Islets are rare and scientifically valuable as excellent objects for studying formation of islets themselves, their biotopes, vegetation and bird communities. The islets are also in quite natural state without particular human impact. The islets have great importance as nesting and stopping places for birds. The coastal meadows are really variable and provide botanical and ornithological interest.


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This is a valuable old forest site where windfallen trees form partly 5 to 20 %, dried out standing trees 5 %, in some places 5 to 20 % of the forest.


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Diverse landscapes - reeds, fen meadows, coastal meadow, juniper shrubbery, saltmarshes and beach ridges - all together form a biotope complex. Rare plant and bird species are represented.


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The islets are rare and scientifically valuable as excellent objects for studying islets formation, biotopes, vegetation and bird communities. The islets are quite in natural state without significant human impact.


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The site provides botanical and ornithological interest. Rare Ulmus-Acer-Tilia community in West-Estonia. Botanical studies have been going on since 1930-ies.


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The site provides geobotanical and ornithological importance.


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Valuable old forest site, moreover old deciduous forest, which is rare in Estonia. The forest is in different ages, windfallen trees in different stages of decay form partly over 10%, dried out standing trees less than 5 %, in some places even over 10 % of the forest. A lot of rare plant species threatened in Estonia occur there. Scientifical investigation has been done since 30-ies.


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This is a very important breeding area for seals. The islet also is a good example for investigating formation the islands, their flora, vegetation and the whole biotope. The islet is in natural state.


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Large sand dunes are untouched by human activity. Grey dunes are covered with lichen rich community rare in Estonia. In the marginal part of the dune forest is habitat for Bufo calamita.


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The forest is special thanks to the specific climatic conditions and slight human impact.


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The forest is valuable as a specific forest thanks to the climatic conditions and slight human impact. Sand dunes are untouched, grey dunes are rare in Estonia. The marshy meadow is important since there is the most representative population of Hydrocotyle vulgare which is threatened in Estonia. Valuable coastal meadows are habitats for Bufo calamita.


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This is a typical coastal pasture valuable nature conservation area.


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The site provides high geological and botanical interest and is Abundant in rare plants and communities.


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In valuable old forest windfallen trees form 5 to 20 %, partly less than 5 % of the forest, dried out standing trees less than 5 %. Many threatened plant species of Estonia can be found here.


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This is a valuable old forest site around the fen. Windfallen trees in different stages of decay form up to 10 %, dried out trees appr. 5 % of the forest. A lot of species rare in Estonia can be found on the site.


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This is a typical coastal landscape in this region. It is scenically valuable and also provides ornithological interest.


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Large raised bog with untouched forest peninsulas. High ornithological interest. The highest breeding density of Osprey in Latvia. Botanical research in the territory would be desirable.


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High diversity of natural forest and bog habitats. High proportion of old treestands. High botanical and ornithological interest.


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Unaffected, quite large raised bog. Important for breeding birds - typical raised bog species, including rare and threatened.


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High ornithological interest. A forest tract which until recently was among the widest and least affected by human activity in Latvia. One of the highest breeding densities of Capercaillie in Latvia. More research (esp. botanical) is necessary.


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Zoologically interesting area: high mammalogical, ornithological and enthomological value. High number of threatened plant species as well. Impressive landscape, several historical objects.


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Untransformed river habitats, forest habitats typical for threatened woodpecker species. High ornithological interest: breeding birds include rare and threatened animal species.


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Floristically very rich woodland, high proportion of old forests, pure Ash and Lime stands occur. Numerous rare and threatened plant and bird species. Geologically important site.


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One of the largest water bodies in NE Latvia where Lobelia-Isoetes complex has remained. Ornithologically important lake.


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Important nesting site for waterfowl, gulls and possibly waders. Remarkable diversity of species in a small territory.


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Unique old woodland with high diversity of bird species including rare and threatened. Botanical research in this territory is necessary.


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High zoological interest. One of the few sites in Latvia where Margaritifera margaritifera has remained.


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Wide, little affected forest tract with high percentage of old stands. Diversity of natural forest habitats. Numerous rare and threatened mammal, bird and plant species. One of few record sites of Pteromys volans in Latvia.


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Unique geological object. More research of flora and fauna is necessary.


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High botanical interest. Rare plant communities and type site for specific ecosystem. Potential nesting site for threatened bird species.


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Large bog-forest complex with little human interference (except Sloku bog, where peat extraction has been launched) with very few human settlements around. Rare and threatened bird and plant species.


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Ornithologically important bog; a part of Lubana Lowland bog complex.


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Uninterrupted large tract of swamp and flooded forests with diverse fauna; high zoological interest. Botanical studies of the site would be necessary.


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Excellent example of undisturbed old forest area. High ornithological interest. More study of the area would be necessary.


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Botanical interest. Relict plant species Trapa natans on the northern border of it's distribution range.


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Large raised bog, significant part of Balvi region bog complex. High diversity of breeding rare and threatened bird species. Botanical survey in the territory would be desirable.


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Part of the Balvu region Bog complex. One of the largest uninterrupted bog-forest complexes in Latvia. High diversity of breeding rare and threatened bird species. One of few breeding territories of Golden Eagle and Short-toed Eagle in Latvia. Important site for passaging geese. Botanical survey of the territory would be desirable.


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One of the largest swamp forest tract with unsignificant antropogenic influence. Very high ornithological importance a breeding site of numerous rare and threatened species (esp. raptors). The territory has genethically valuable oak stands (100-150 years old up to 20 m high). The area needs more study, especially botanical.


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High geological and botanical interest. High diversity of rare and threatened plant species. Additional ornithological survey in the area is necessary.


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High botanical interest. Southernmost record site of Lycopodiella inundata in Latvia.


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High herpetological value. The only known stable population of Bombina bombina in Latvia.


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Disappearing lake type. Threatened plant communities. About 20 protected plant species are recorded. Also high ichtiological interest.


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High diversity of natural forest habitats. Forest lakes with high landscape value. High ornithological interest: breeding site for rare and threatened species. Additional (esp. botanical) research is desirable.


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Disappearing lake type. High botanical interest.


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Large raised bog, very little affected by human activities. Great landscape value. High diversity of natural habitats. High geological interest. One of the highest breeding densities of Grus grus in Latvia.


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One of the most important wintering sites for threatened bat species. More research is necessary. High mammalogical interest.


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One of the most important wintering site for rare and threatened bat species. Also high botanical interest.


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Diversity of natural riverine habitats. High zoological, geological and landscape interest.


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Disappearing lake type. 73 vascular plant species have been recorded in such a small territory. High botanical interest.


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Disappearing lake type. Greatest and floristically richest lake in the Gauja National Park. High botanical interest. 115 species of vascular plants are recorded there.


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Disappearing lake type. High botanical interest. 41 species of vascular plants are found here.


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High zoological, botanical and geological interest. Two rivers with one of the highest inclines in Latvia. Numerous rare and threatened species occur.


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Important river for Salmonidae. The river valley is also important for rare mammals and plants. One of the possible sites of breeding Dipper (Cinclus cinclus).


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High zoological and botanical interest. River valley little affected by human activities. Threatened and rare riverine habitats. High landscape value.


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Natural, unregulated river valley very little affected by human activities. High zoological value. More research would be neccessary.


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Most vital population of Margaritifera in Latvia. High zoological interest.


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Natural, unregulated river with little human activity. Zoological interest. More research is desirable. Very high densities of young Salmo trutta are recorded.


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Large undisturbed area of swamp forests representing several rare habitats and communities in Latvia. Impressive landscape. Zoological studies must be carried out in the territory.


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Record site of rare plant species - Najas minor. More study is necessary.


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Botanical interest: record site of rare plant species Alisma gramineum and Hydrilla verticillata.


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Little affected broad-leaved forest tract in quite agricultural region. Breeding site of rare and threatened bird species. More studies would be desirable.


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High landscape and botanical value. Diversity of species and habitats. About 500 species of vascular plants are recorded here.


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Important site for breeding waterfowl and reed birds, including rare and threatened species.


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High botanical interest: high diversity of plant species including rare and threatened. About 710 species of vascular plants are recorded. High diversity of undisturbed forest types. Rare and threatened bird species. More zoological survey of the site would be necessary.


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Very important breeding, foraging and stop-over (migrations) site for waterfowl, waders and other birds. Valley of River Daugava as record site of rare and threatened plant species.


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Rare habitat in Latvia: large floodplain area and relatively natural meadows of different management. Assemblage of breeding rare and threatened bird species. The site is also important as foraging and stop-over site for migrating waterfowl.


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Territory with very high zoological, botanical and landscape value. Numerous rare and threatened bird species. The only record site of Najas marinus outside coastal lakes.


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High ornithological, ichtiological and landscape value.


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The area is important with it's high proportion of old tree stands supporting many threatened animal species. Zoologically important area but much more research is needed.


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High diversity of species, impressive forest landscape. High ornithological interest. More zoological and botanical research is necessary.


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One of few larger forest tracts on rich carbonatic soils in Zemgale lowland. Important site for many rare and disappearing plant and bird species (esp. woodpeckers). One of the highest densities of breeding Aquila pomarina in Latvia.


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Large territory, previously abandoned, and now natural recovery of forest can be observed. Rare and threatened bird and plant species. High densities of breeding birds of prey.


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Unregulated river, diverse little affected natural habitats concenrated in a small area. High zoological and botanical interest. Protected fungus species Grofola umbellata is found there.


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High zoological, botanical and landscape value. High diversity of natural habitats.


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High zoological and botanical interest. High diversity of rare and threatened species in a small territory.


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Rich deciduous forests characteristic for Zemgale lowland. Rare and threatened bird and plant species.


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Variety of riverine habitats. Rare plant communities. High botanical interest. Ornithological survey of the territory would be desirable. Very high landscape value. Disappearing river type in Zemgale lowland.


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Ornithologically important bog. The only breeding record for Greenshank (Tringa nebularia) in Latvia.


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Specific riverine habitats. High zoological and botanical interest.


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Undisturbed river valley with a variety of natural habitats. High zoological interest.


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Important nesting site for gulls and waterfowl. Rare and threatened bird species.


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Zoological interest: rare and threatened bird species. Specific habitats: an example how a lake transforms into fen.


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Important site for migrating waterfowl. High breeding densities of threatened bird species, including 2 globally (Corncrake and White-tailed Eagle) threatened. Very high zoological interest. Unfortunately botanical survey is not carried out there.


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High zoological and botanical interest. Typical habitat for rare and threatened woodpecker species.An ethalon of natural Black Alder and Black Alder - Ash swamp forests with typical plant communities. Impressive forest landscape.


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Significant area of floodplain meadow: threatened habitat in Latvia. High diversity and density of rare and threatened bird species both at breeding and migration. More botanical research is necessary.


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High diversity of forest types, high proportion of old or swamp forests. Numerous rare and threatened bird and plant species. High breeding densities and diversity of common bird species is recordedas well.


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High diversity of plant species in a small territory. Disappearing lake type.


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This raised bog complex is probably the richest in the Baltic. It has very high zoological, botanical and landscape value. Natural undisturbed habitats with typical plant and animal communities have remained in remarkable areas. Largest local uninterrupted populations of some sporadic breeders (Whimbrel, Golden Plover, Common Crane etc.) in Latvia. Extremely important site for passaging geese and cranes.


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Record site of relict plant species Trapa natans on North border of it's distribution range.


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Rare untransformed habitat: overgrown lake transforming into fen. Rare and threatened bird and plant species.


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Large territory with little disturbed natural habitats. High zoological interest, high diversity of breeding birds including rare and threatened species.


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Large territory with undisturbed or little affected natural habitats. The bog has high landscape and ornithological value. Botanical studies should be carried out in the territory.


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Large territory with undisturbed or little affected diverse habitats. Territory with high landscape value and of ornithological interest. Botanical survey at the site would be desirable.


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High diversity of rare and threatened bird species in a small territory.


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Large territory with little affected natural biotopes. High ornithological importance: breeding and possibly foraging site for rare and threatened bird species. Additional survey of the territory would be necessary.


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Large territory with little affected habitats: a typical raised bog-forest complex with characteristic breeding bird species. Botanical studies in the territory are necessary.


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Disappearing lake type. High botanical interest: rare plant communities.


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The lakes are record sites for very rare plants: Hydrilla verticillata and Najas minor. One of the largest forest tracts in the region. More study (ornithological etc.) would be desirable.


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Disappearing lake type, rare and threatened plant species. High botanical interest. Rare and threatened bird species.


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High botanical and zoological (mainly ornithological and ichtiological) interest. Rareplant communities. More than 20 species of fish recorded.


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High geological and ichtiological interest. Rare and threatened fish species, more than 20 species recorded.


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Richest lake in Latvia with islands. Rare plant communities on these islands where vegetation is almost undisturbed by any human activity. High ichtiological interest: diversity of species (more than 20) including rare and threatened.


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Very high zoological, botanical and landscape value. High diversity of undisturbed habitats. Rare and threatened mammal, bird, invertebrate and plant species, including mosses. Migration route of birds.


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Artificial habitats with high diversity of bird species, including Globally threatened. Very important site for numerous stecies at breeding and passage.


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Rare biotope type. Diversity of orchid species.


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Disappearing lake type, especially in western Latvia.


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Ravine of a small river almost untouched by human activities during the last 50 years. Important site for fish and wintering Dippers.


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Ornithologically important lake with large gull colony and Grey Heron colony which is one of the biggest in Latvia. Several threatened plant records, threatened habitat types.


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High ichtyological value: threatened fish species. Threatened habitat typical for Thymallus thymallus. Diversity of threatened bird species. High landscape value.


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Unique hydro-geological complex. Very high landscape value. Breeding site of many threatened bird species.


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High diversity of breeding bird species including rare and threatened. One of the highest densities of Capercaillie in Latvia. Numerous records of rare and threatened plants. Large, not fragmented forest tract.


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Plant communities characteristic for Western part of Latvia. High diversity of plant species, including rare and threatened. High diversity of habitats in a small area. Numerous protected bird species occur in the territory as well.


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The territory with beautiful landscape. Numerous unique geological objects. High diversity of plant species, including rare and threatened.


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The river valley as route of plant migration. High geological, landscape, ichtyological and botanical interest.


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High ornithological, ichtyological, entomological, habitat value. The greatest population of Parnassius mnemosyne (together with river Venta valley) in Latvia. Typical threatened habitat type for Thymallus thymallus and Salmo spp. Dzelda with it's riverine habitats has only few similar sites in Latvia. High diversity of protected snail species.


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Three raised bogs with high diversity of threatened bird species.


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Rare plant species. High landscape and geological interest. Important caves for wintering bat species, including threatened. Among longest cave systems in Latvia.


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One of the greatest and richest populations of Lathyrus maritimus in Latvia.


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The importance of this lake is determined by it's close proximity to the coast of Baltic sea. Rare and disappearing plant communities and species typical for West Kurzeme region; many of them at the border of their distribution areal. High diversity of natural habitats. Very important site for waterfowl at breeding, foraging and migrations. 15 species of terrestrial snails recorded.


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The only high bog in Latvia situated at the very seashore. It's lower peat layers are below the sea level. Important resting site for geese during migrations.


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The site supports several rare and threatened plant, bird and invertebrate species. Westernmost record of Betula humilis. Unique phytocenosis with Schoenus ferrugineus.


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Record of rare mammal, bird and plant species. Threatened habitat type: large areas with old mixed and deciduos stands with high proportion of dead and broken trees.


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Valley of unregulated river little affected by human activities. Typical bird species. The site is probably important for Salmo species. Several records of protected plants.


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Beautiful not regulated river valley with rare invertebrate species and natural elm wood. High landscape value.


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High zoological and botanical value. Rare and threatened bird, invertebrate and plant species. High diversity of natural habitats. Impressive landscape characteristic for W Kurzeme.


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High botanical interest: a river valley with rare and specific plant species and communities.


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Beautiful mosaique landscape with high diversity of natural and near natural habitats. Rare and threatened amphibian and bird species.


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High botanical, zoological and landscape value: well preserved pristine river valley with forests little affected by human activities. Numerous record sites of rare and threatened plant and invertebrate species. High diversity of snails.


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Rare habitats (at least) for Latvia. High botanical interest. The territory is important for preservation of Erica tetralix. Extensive little disturbed forest areas. One of the highest densities of breeding Columba oenas in Latvia.


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High ecological, ornithological interest. Rare marine (benthic) habitats. Area with high marine biodiversity; aggregated largest stock of blue mussel and macroalgae Furcellaria sp. in the Eastern Baltic, favourable herring spawning sites.


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Very rare biotope with typical rare plant species. The territory is important for preservation of Erica tetralix. One of the few breeding sites for Circaetus gallicus.


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High botanical interest. Undisturbed river valley with typical plant communities.


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321 species of vascular plants are recorded in the territory, including rare and threatened. One of the richest sites for Viscum album in Latvia. Rare and threatened butterfly species , rich population of Parnassius mnemosyne.


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Rich and diverse flora in a small territory: about 420 species of vascular plants have been recorded. Numerous rare and threatened plant, bird and invertebrate species. Unique broad leaved and mixed forest habitats. The largest natural Hornbeam stand on the NW edge of the species' distribution range.


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Important site for Myrica gale. Breeding site for rare and protected bird species.


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Unique collection of specific biotopes in a small territory. A site for rare plant species typical for dune areas. Unique dry meadows with Juniperus. Shallow waters in the sea is important resting and moulting site for thousands of waterfowl.


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West southernmost raised bog in Latvia absolutely undisturbed by any human activity. Rare and threatened bird species.


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A site for breeding, moulting and passaging birds of international importance. Rare and threatened coastal meadow communities characteristic for western Latvia. Halophytic plant communities formed in specific water regime conditions. Great diversity of threatened and rare plant species. The only record site for Aster tripolium for Latvia in the eastern part of the territory. The only left breeding site of Baltic Dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii in Latvia. One of the most important sites for breeding Ruffs Philomachus pugnax in Latvia. More than 20 fish species are present in the lake.


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Lake Pape and adjoining marshland is important breeding site for approximately 15 species of birds threatened in Europe. High botanical, geological interest. The dune vegetation represented there is very typical for Southern Kurzeme coastline. The Narrow strip of land is the bottleneck site for several millions of migrating birds (diurnal raptors, owls, pigeons and passerines) and bats.


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Large complex of biotopes characteristic for many threatened bird species. Very high ornithological interest: high diversity of species. Great landscape value.


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Characteristic raised bog breeding bird community. The site is important for migrating waterfowl as well.


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Excellent example of undisturbed woodland. Threatened natural habitats. More zoological and botanical research is required.


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One of few wild salmon rivers in Salaca basin - very high ichtiological value. High landscape value. Rare bird and plant species.


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High zoological, botanical, geological, landscape and historical value.


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Unregulated river section. High lanscape and zoological value. Several protected plant species occur as well.


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Undisturbed river valley with natural and near-natural habitats. High zoological and botanical interest.


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Undisturbed river valley with rare and threatened mammal, bird, fish, plant species. More research is necessary.


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The bog is important as part of North Latvia bog complex. Ornithologically important bog.


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Typical bog bird community. One of the smallest bogs where breeding of Curlew is recorded.


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One of the greatest White Stork and Grey Heron colonies in Latvia. More research (botanical and zoological) would be necessary.


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The site supports largest population of wild salmon in East Baltic. Very high zoological, botanical, geological and landscape value.


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Rare lake type with rich broadleaved forests. High zoological and geological interest. More research (botanical and zoological) is required.


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Up to 300 species of vascular plants recorded in the territory. Remarkably high diversity of natural habitats; great landscape, geological, cultural value. Madieseni bog with it's high diversity of breeding birds and their habitats and relatively low human disturbance can be considered as an ethalon for raised bogs.


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The bog together with Ollas bog, Pirtsmeza bog and Nigula bog (Estonia) formes one of the largest, untouched by human activities, bog area in whole Baltic region. Remarkable diversity of rare and threatened bird species. Great landscape value. Very important site for passaging geese; in September, 1996, more than 10,000 individuals od Anser fabalis and A. albifrons have been recorded.


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Typical raised bog bird communities. One of the highest densities of breeding Tringa glareola in Latvia. Smallest (by area) bog in Latvia where Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) is found. Great landscape value.


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Ornithologically important bog: great diversity of typical bog bird species.


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Large almost undisturbed raised bog with typical bird communities.


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Remarkable diversity of rare and threatened bird species in small territory. Typical raised bog bird community.


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The lake is very important for breeding, foraging and migrating waterfowl, gulls and waders; they include diving ducks (Aythya), swans, geese, curlews and variety of Tringa species. High diversity of breeding species, including rare and threatened. Botanical studies in the area would be necessary.


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The most important coastal area in Latvia, remarkable by its high diversity of natural habitats, numerous rare and threatened animal and plant species typical for coastal ecosystems. Many of habitat types are found only there. The only record site of Carex mackenziei and Sonchus humilis in Latvia. Very important especially for breeding, moulting, migrating and wintering birds (waterfowl, waders, passerines, raptors). Marine part of the site is valuable spawning and nursery grounds for fish.


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Large uninhabited territory. Ornithologically important bog. Botanical survey of the site would be necessary.


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Unique geological and botanical nature object. High diversity of flora. Zoological study in the site would be necessary.


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One of few undisturbed fen areas in the region. High diversity of bird species, including rare and threatened. More research would be desirable.


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A lake with typical fen at coast. Zoological interest. Botanical study of the site would be necessary.


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One of few uninterrupted forest tracts in SE Latvia. Mosaique landscape: lakes, forests, fens and bogs. High zoological, botanical and landscape interest.


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Unique geological formation with rich and diverse vegetation. High botanical and zoological interest. The only record site of butterflies Agrodiadetus damon and Heliophobus kitti in Latvia.


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Large ornithologically important undisturbed bog complex, especially together with neighbouring fish-pond area and Lake Lubana.


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Disappearing lake type. Botanical interest. The site is studied unsufficiently.


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Undisturbed river valley with diverse natural habitats. Mammalogical, ichtiological, botanical interest.


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Unique geological object. Remarkably high diversity of animals and plants due to variety of biotopes. The only record site of Ligularia sibirica in Latvia.


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High botanical and landscape value. The lake is not studied sufficiently.


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Relict, genethically valuable oak stands. The only known nest of Aquila clanga in Latvia. Very high breeding density of threatened woodpecker species. Remarkable diversity of plant and animal world; numerous rare and threatened species, rare natural habitats.


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Relict, genethically valuable oak stand. Threatened woodpecker species. Botanical and zoological value.


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Rare natural forest habitats. Botanical and ornithological interest. One of few breeding sites of Black Kite in the region.


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High ornithological interest. Diversity of natural habitats. Much more research is needed to evaluate the territory.


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Complex of woods and bogs little affected by human activities. Breeding site of rare and threatened bird species.


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Important breeding and foraging site for waterfowl. Food basis for many raptors and other birds breeding in surrounding bog and forest areas. More botanical research would be desirable.


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Little affected area with diverse natural habitats: fen, raised bog, swamps, forests and overgrowing lake. More research is necessary to be aware of all nature values in the territory.


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Rare forest types in natural unregulated river valley. High zoological and botanical interest. 470 species of vascular plants have been recorded there. Numerous rare and threatened species.


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Ornithologically important bog. More study in the area would be desirable.


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The bog (undisturbed part) and surrounding forest areas are important breeding habitats for many rare and threatened bird species. Ornithologically important bog.


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Ornithologically important bog with large bog lake which creates a high diversity of bird species, including rare and threatened. Possibly the only place in Latvia where Greylag Goose is recorded breeding in the raised bog.


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Ornithologically important bog with unusual configuration. Important stop-over site for migrating geese. One of the few bogs in Latvia where Lagopus lagopus is recorded recently (1987).


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Typical lake and landscape for Latgale Elevation. Very high diversity of plant species, including rare and threatened. In total 620 species of vascular plants are found in the territory. More zoological research in the site would be necessary.


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One of the richest lake with bays and peninsulas and with little affected island vegetation. High zoological (ornithological and ichtiological in particular) interest. Hopefully there will be botanical data, too.


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Ornithologically important bog. In spite of drainage in the past, the bog holds remarkable diversity of rare and threatened bird species characteristic for raised bogs.


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Very high ornithological interest: extremely high diversity of species with high proportion of rare and threatened. One of the richest waterfowl area in Latvia.


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Although the lake has partly lost it's importance by damming, it is still important site for moulting, roosting and migrating waterfowl. Thousands of different geese species occur during migrations. Also high ichtiological interest.


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Ornithological interest: high diversity of breeding waterfowl in a small territory. No other such a water body ocurring in a wide surroundings.


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The only record site of very rare relict plant species: Najas flexilis in East Latvia. More research is necessary.


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High ichtiological, ornithological and teriological value. More than 20 fish species are recorded, including threatened. Most important waterfowl foraging and breeding site in wide surroundings. Extremely high diversity of bat species.


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Diversity of natural habitats. High ornithological and landscape interest. One of few areas in Latvia with quite high densities of breeding Rollers Coracias garrulus.


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High landscape and ornithological value. Breeding site of rare and threatened bird species. The territory is also important for passaging geese. Botanical survey of the bog would be desirable.


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Unregulated river mouth. Very high botanical and ornithological interest. Important place for birds at breeding and migration stop-over.


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Very high zoological and botanical interest, and most remarkable is the aspect that such a rich site lies in town. High diversity and density of orchids: 10 species are recorded. Rare and diappearing habitat in Latvia: brackish marsh. Important site for migrant birds.


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In Latvia similar density of bog lakes occur only in Kemeri bog. In spite of former human activities the bog is still very important site for breeding and migrating birds, many rare and threatened species including. One of the highest density of breeding Common Crane in Latvia.


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Disappearing lake type with threatened plant species and communities. High geological and botanical interest.


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The lake is very important for migrating waterfowl, especially swans. Diversity of rare natural habitats with typical plant communities and rare bird species. High zoological and botanical interest. High diversity of fish species.


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Zoological interest mainly. Disappearing woodpecker species. Almost only site in Latvia where Coronella austriaca was recorded regularly.


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One of few relatively untouched nature areas close to capital Riga. Important site for migrating waterfowl. Additional survey of the territory (both zoological and botanical) is necessary.


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Important wintering site for waterfowl. Breeding bird species also include rare and threatened ones. Rare mammal species.


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Little affected tract of wet forests and bogs remained due to close proximity of military object. Diversity of natural habitats. Rare and threatened bird species. Botanical research in the territory would be desirable.


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Important site for breeding waterfowl in close neighbours of Riga city. High diversity of species in a small territory.


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Disappearing riverine habitats with stable trout population and one of few sites in Latvia where Margaritifera margaritifera have been recorded during the last 10 years. Threatened bird species. Diverse forest habitats without significant human disturbance.


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Important geological object with relict plant species. Several threatened bird species.


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High geological, zoological and botanical value. Up to 500 species of vascular plants have been recorded. Unique nature complex where flora diversity is closely connected with it's geological origin.


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Rare and disappearing habitats: dry and floodplain brackish meadows with numerous rare and threatened plant species. 350 species of vascular plants have been recorded. High diversity and density of breeding and foraging bird species with numerous rare and threatened. Important site for migrating and wintering birds.


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Rare plant communities occurring on lake islands. High diversity of fish species (more than 20). Numeros protected insect species. Additional research is necessary.


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Disappearing lake type. High botanical and zoological interest.


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Breeding, foraging and stop-over site for waterfowl of international imortance. Perspective Ramsar site holding significant numbers of rare and threatened species both at breeding and migration.


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Unregulated creek with high incline (gradient). High botanical, ornithological and ichtiological interest. Impressive landscape. Rare and threatened invertebrate species.


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One of few rivers with natural population of Salmo salar. High zoological, botanical, geological and landscape interest. Numerous rare and threatened species. Among the most impressive river valley fragments in Latvia.


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Great diversity of waterfowl in the lake. Several records of rare and threatened plat species.


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This is one of the richest breeding site of waterbirds in Latvia: either according to numbers and diversity. Important resting site for many species during migrations.


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Little affected landscape complex. Important site for migrating waders. High ornithological interest. More research is desirable.


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An example how extracted bog area can be still important for breeding and passaging birds. Great diversity of bird species: breeders include also gulls with typical satellite species: ducks, grebes and swans.


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Important site for breeding and migrating waterfowl. High diversity of bird species including rare and threatened. More research would be desirable.


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High zoological, botanicaland landscape value. Untransformed valley of large river.


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Only large raised bog in the region. Rare and threatened bird species: ornithologically important bog.


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One of the largest not-fragmentated pine forest habitat tract in Latvia. High zoological and botanical interest.


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Undisturbed riverine habitats. High zoological interest, threatened invertebrate species.


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High geological, landscape, ornithological, ichtiological, botanical value. High diversity of protected invertebrate species. The site holds greatest population of Parnassius mnemosyne in Latvia.


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166 species of vascular plants are found there among them rare and protected species. Unique hydro-geological object. Rare and threatened bird species.


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Interesting group of lakes uncommon for Latvia. High zoological and landscape interest. Diverse habitat types.


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The only raised bog without human activity influence in large area. Threatened and rare bird species breed there.


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Large, little affected by melioration, forest tract. Due to specific landform and hydrological conditions there are remarkable diversity of natural habitats and bird species.


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Important site for migrating, moulting and foraging waterfowl. Rare coastal habitats and undisturbed dune systems. High landscape value. Vulnerable spawning and nursery grounds for herring and other fish species.


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River valley (a pat of) almost undisturbed by human activities. Rich broad-leaved forests, however, represented in quite small area. Great landscape, geological, botanical and zoological value.


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Largest raised bogs in the surroundings.


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Nursery grounds for a number of fishes, especially flatfish. In total 39 fish species recorded: 16 marine stecies, 13 freshwater species, 8 anadromous, 1 catadromous. This list includes herring, flounder, turbot, white-fish, lesser sand eel.


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One of the richest nature territories in Latvia (and possibly in the Baltic region). Very high botanical, zoological, geological, historical and landscape value. More than 800 species of vascular plants has been recorded. Importance for birds include almost all cycles of life: breeding, migration, in adjoining coastal waters also wintering.


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High botanical and zoological interest: the site must be preserved as small river ethalon with diverse flora and fauna.


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Diverse habitats with no or little human influence. Deep valley of unregulated river. Typical plant species for East Kurzeme elevation, including rare and threatened.


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Rare and threatened mammal, bird and invertebrate species.


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Only record site of Sausurea esthonica in Latvia. High diversity of natural and near-natural habitats formed in a very specific conditions. High diversity of rare and threatened plant and bird species. Apart recorded threatened bird species, following possible breeders could be present: Picoides tridactylus, Aegolius funereus, Lullula arborea, Ciconia nigra, Columba oenas.


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Important part of Kemeri Nature complex. A site where forming of sulphured waters take place. The site supports rare and threatened bird and plant species.


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A territory with high landscape value. Numerous unique geological objects. The only record of Pentaphylloides fruticosa in Latvia. High botanical interest. High diversity of rare and threatened plant species.


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One of the largest raised bogs in Latvia. The bog is the most important part of Kemeri bog complex, site where forming of sulphuretted waters take place. One of the most important bogs for breeding and migrating birds in Latvia. One of few nesting sites of Golden Eagle and Black-throated Diver. Rare species of Fungi is found there, too: Sarcoscypha coccinea; moss: Neckera pennata.


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Very high botanical interest: more than 800 species of vascular plants are found in the area. The only record site of Ophrys insectifera and Potentilla repens in Latvia. The lake, with it's diversity of species and number of nesting pairs, is ornithologically most important lake in Latvia .


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The valley of river Slocene and its surroundings is very rich little disturbed swamp forest tract with rare and threatened plant and bird species. Lake Kaniera with it's numbers and diversity of breeding birds (waterfowl) is among the most important bird lakes in Latvia.


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High zoological, botanical and landscape value. Unchanged valley of large river.


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High diversity and density of nesting waterfowl, gulls and waders. Important site for migrating waterfowl.


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The lake is excellent foraging site for birds breeding in the surroundings. Important site for migrating waterfowl. More botanical and zoological research is necessary.


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Large territory with little human disturbance and remarkable diversity of habitats. High zoological and botanical importance. Breeding site of several threatened raptor species.


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Diverse bog habitats. Ornithologically important bog with typical bird communities.Botanical survey of the site would be necessary.


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Ollas bog together with neighbouring Soku, Pirtsmeza and Nigula (in Estonia) bogs formes one of the greatest and less affected bog complexes in Baltic region. High ornithological interest.


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Very high zoological, botanical and landscape value. Undisturbed valley of large river.


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Coastal landscape unique for Latvia, unaffected plant communities. Very rare and threatened plant species.


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Coastal vegetation characteristic for Kurzeme region. Rare and threatened plant and bird species. The largest colony of Sterna paradisaea in Latvia. Unique calciphile plant communities. The only record of Tofieldia calyculata in Latvia. The richest population of Anthus campestris in Latvia.


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Unique geological formation. High landscape value. Well remained natural dry meadows characteristic for Kurzeme coastal areas. Rare plant and bird species.


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An example of floristically extremely rich fen.


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The fifth Latvian largest lake by area and the second largest by volume. One of the islands Moricsala is a small territory with extremely diverse in habitats, threatened and rare plant, bird and invertebrate species. More than 20 fish species are recorded in the lake.


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Nature complex relatively untouched by human activity. There are almost no roads in the central part of the area. Valuable complex of forests and different bog types with very high diversity of plant and bird species. In forest areas highest concentrations of Capercaillie in Latvia. Along the river Trumpe one of greatest populations of Myrica gale. Almost untouched system of unregulated rivers and oxbows with unique plant and bird communities.


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527 vascular plant species are recorded in this territory. 158 moss species. Unique nature object. Relict plant species. Great diversity of natural biotopes and plant species in a small territory. Most important area for Lobelia dortmanna. The lake is a resting place for migrating waterbirds.


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Complex of diverse biotopes in a small area. Great diversity of breeding bird species, including rare and threatened. The area is of archaeological interest as well: an old human settlements are found there.


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The territory is remarkable due to mosaique arrangement of 6 raised bogs in comparatively small area. This cannot be encountered anywhere else in the Western Latvia. There is a great variety of relatively undisturbeded natural habitats, rare and threatened species of animals and plants.


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Important moulting and resting site for waterfowl during migrations. One of the most important lakes for breeding Goldeneye and Goosander. In the surroundings the greatest population of Natterjack Toad in Latvia is recorded. Threatened and rare fish species. Also high botanical interest.


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To protect Laumiai forest with rare plant and animal species


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To protect Margininkai pine forest, riversides of Sventoji with abundant fauna and flora, rare plant and animal species


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To protect Kartenale valley with entomofauna complex


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To protect Sub-Atlantic lowland leay meadows, rare species of plant and animal.


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To protect landscape common to tundra landscape, unique boulders and plant communities


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To protect wet forest at Pajûris lowland with botanical/zoological values, sandy beaches communities with rare plant species


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To protect landscape values, natural ecosystem, cultural values


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To protect rare plant and animal species in the raised bog


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To protect landscape of Veivirzas and Asva rivers valleys and forests.


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To protect unique coastal landscape complex with avaluable dune ridge, ethnocultural values, wintering places of water birds in the Baltic sea, the part of East Atlantic Hyway


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To protect grey dunes with characteristic vegetation, rare plant and insect species. The part of East Atlantic Hyway


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To protect natural meadows with rare meadows communities, protected plant species habitats


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To protect Eastern Atlantic birds migration way, rare fish species


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This site determines the hydrological regime of he Lower Nemunas and Curonian lagoon. It is the main area in our country for waterfowl and other migratory birds as a breeding and passage site on East Atlantic Fly Way. The great variety of habitats create favourable conditions for rich fauna and flora, especially bird species.


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Natural wet meadows with rare communities of halofities coastal forests.


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To protect plant communities, typical for coastal bogs ang high concentration of protected bird species


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Natural river-bed, breeding places of trouts, living places of otters


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The biggest density of bat roosts in Lithiania


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To protect semi-natural landscape with forests, natural Vynija stream, typical ecosystems of forests, living places of Dendrocopus leucotos, populations of butterflyes


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Akmena river with rare fish species spawning places


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To protect landscape of Jura valley with ongoing naturas processes of deepening the river-bed erosion, rock exposures


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To protect complex of raised bog with small lakes, forests, breading places of rare bird species, populations of butterflyes


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The site is valuable for its unique geomorphological and hydrological complex, wetland vegetation and breeding sites of Golden Plowers as well as for the concentration of rare endangered flora and fauna species.


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To protect valley of the river Dubysa, living places for Lutra lutra


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To protect landscape of the laver reaches of the river Nemunas, natural ecosystem, cultural values


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To protect Plinksiai lake and surroundings with habitats for rare plant species


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To protect valubale mire complex in Zemaiciai highland


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To protect typical landscape of upper reaches of Babrungas river, plant communities


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To protect communities of rare plant species in lower reaches of Juodupis river and Plateliai lake banks


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Landscape of Minija valley in morainic highlands. Living places for Lutra lutra.


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The biggest lake in Zemaiciai higland with 7 islands, peninsulas.


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Landscape typical for Western slope of Zemaiciai highland


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Marshy with forests, mires at Plateliai lake coast, breeding places of rare bird species, habitats of rare plant species.


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Important place for bat protection, bat roost is known.


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Birzulis lake and marsh with birds breeding and rsting places of migratory birds.


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To protect natural Lukstas lake and typical landscape of Zemaiciai highland.


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Important place for bat protection, bat roast known.


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To protect landscape of karst region, natural ecosystem, cultural heritage values, old forest (birch forests - 36%, spruce forests - 24%, black alder grove - 14%, ash grove - 10%).


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To protect abundant cranberry fields, habitats of Betula nana


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Valuable territory from the zoological point of view


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To protect old mixed forests, spruce, birch forests and flora diversity


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To protect valubale lake with bays, peninsulas, islands and natural channels, flora and fauna.


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To protect complex of braod leaved forests typical for North Lithuania, habitats of rare plant species.


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To protect typical raised bog complex in Western Aukstaiciai plateau valuable from botanical and zoological point of view


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To protect landscape of mire complex in middle Lithuania lowland, abundant cramberry fields


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The site is important for the concentration of rare and endangered flora and fauna species, unique composition of plant communities, hydrology and geomorfology.


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To protect valuable part of Musa tyrelis raised bog


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To protect landscape of surroundings of Svete valley and Zagare forest, natural forest, diverse animal species, one of the biggest population of Cypripedium calceolus in Lithuania


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To protect Gelze fen with surroundings, valuable from botanical and zoological point of view


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To protect landscape of hills and forests, natural ecosysytems, archaeological values


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To protect landscape of surroundings of Kurtuvenai, typical biotops and ecosystems


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To protect mire complex on Rekyva lake coast with typical flora and fauna species


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To protect rare species birds of prey, the biggest population of bufo calamita


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To protect rare plant species, animals and birds, the biggest population of Lyrurus tetrix in Lithuania and breeding places of Aquila clanga


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To protect the biggest mire in Eastern Zemaiciai plateau, restoring biotop of mires, to protect rare bird species.


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Important place for bat protection, 10 bat species recorded


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To protect typical bog and rare plant species (Betula nana)


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To protect aesthetic landscape, valley of the river ÷ventoji, old river-beds, meanders, the lower reaches of the rivers Sv.Jonas, Saltupis, Vozupis, valuable geomorphological structures


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To protect natural hydrographical structure of Zeimenis lake with islands, peninsulas and bays, Kretuonele rivulet, rare fish species.


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To protect semi-natural Antazave old spruce-grove, mixed forests, biocenosis valuable from scientific point


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To protect the hydrographical structure of the biggest Lithuanian lake, fish species.


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To protect morain highland with lakes, ridges and other forms, valuabale old spruce and pine forests, communities of forests, marshes and water plants, rare species


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To protect landscape valubale from scientific point of view, characteristic features of Aukstaiciai highland - morain hills with boulders


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to protect unic lake without flow, which is hydroclimatic barometer, rare species of plants, habitats, breeding places of birds, archeological values.


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To protect deep lake with breeding sites of deep-water fishes


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To protect the longest lakes system in Lithuania (2 lakes connected by rivulet), valubale Asveja rivulet and sources of Dubinga


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To protect landscape of hollows with lakes and marshes.


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To protect structure of lakes with islands peninsulas, rare plant species.


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To protect old oak forest, breeding places of Pandion haliaetus, Milvus migrans


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To protect rare flora and fauna species, habitats, the chickest and the hoghest spruce in East Lithuania


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To protect typical natural landscape with lakes and forests in East Lithuania, unique complex of Baluosas lake, remnants of old forests, the only breeding place of Gavia arctica in Auk¸taitija National park


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To protect Dringis lake with islands, peninsulas, rare plant species, breeding places of rare bird species


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To protect typical landscape of wetlands in moraine Aukstaiciai-Seliai highland, abundant cranberry fields


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To protect typical for Aukstaiciai highland landscape of raised bog with forests and rare bird species


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To protect landscape of old Rukaine-Rudamina fliuvoglacial valley in Medininkai-Asmena highland with rare plant species


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To protect habitat of one of the biggest oak forests in Lithuania, soil type.


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To protect landscape of Neris lower reaches, natural ecosystem, valuable tributories of the river Neris, Dukstos old oak forest, rare plant species, complex o f mainds, estate with park


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To protect valuable from scientific poit of view plant communities of wetlands, habitats of rare plant species


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To protect shallow Vilnia valley in the middle reaches, living places of otters, fish species


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To protect landscape of Zalieji lakes - the system of narrow and deep hollows, unique Turniske rivulete, structure of Riese rivulete; valuable cultural heritage, rare plant species; oak forests in Neris valley slopes


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One of the most important bat hobernation places in Eastern Lithuania.


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To protect typical for sandy plain Baltasamane mire complex, abundant cranberry fields, rare plant species


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To protect ecosystems of Labanoras big forest, lakes surrounded by mires, habitats of abundant rare plant species, breeding places of fauna species.


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To protect unique Girutiskis wetland complex with Berzalotas swamp, breeding places of Grus grus, Pandion haliaetus, one of the biggest population of betula nana


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To protect complex of forest and wetlands with habitats of rare plant species


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To protect communities of forest and mires plants, abundant places of Grus grus, Lyrurus tetris


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To protect unique natural complex, Kretuonas lake with islands, rare bird species


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To protect landscape of rivers and forests with lakes


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The unique concentration of 12 protected plant species allows to consider this small area as an important conservation object.


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To protect deep old Kena-Mera rivers valley, fish species


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High botanical interest - extremely rare for Lithuania bog communities with Betula nana


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To protect complex of raised bogs with abundant rare flora and fauna species, breeding places of birds.


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To protect landscape of deep hollows, lakes Belis, Setikis, Sirvetas and others, rivulets, diversity of natural biotops, protected plant and animal species, unique fens with rare plant species.


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To protect natural wide valley of Zeimena river, meanders, steep slopes, rare fish species.


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The oldest documented bat roost in Lithuania known already above 70 year.


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To protect hydrographical structure one of the biggest lake in Trakai surroundings, rare fish species.


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To protect landscape of upper reaches of the rivers Verkne and Streva, natural ecosystems, cultural values, lakes Vilkoksnis, Verniejus, Spindis and other, plant, water bird species, abundant habitats of flora and fauna.


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To protect communities of broad-leaved forests, old lime groves with oak, maple and hornbeam, the only habitat of Hordelymus europaeus in Lithuania, abundant population of Dentaria bulbifera, diverse fauna.


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To protect complex of Verkne and its tributories valleys, fens with abundant species Saxifraga hirculus, Orchidaceae, water birds and water mammals.


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To protect Verniejus lake, valubale hydrographic system of several small lakes with water, wetlands and forests bird species.


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Valuable site for bats. Bat colony was found in an old building


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To protect big raised bog, valuable plant communities


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To protect valuable ornithological complex with breeding places of Circus pygargus, Botaurus stellarsis, feeding and resting places of migratory birds.


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To protect typical pine and mixed forests in South East sandy plain


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To protect valley of hard meandered river, spawning sites of fish, living places of Crex crex


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To protect populations of rare insects, the biggest population of extremaly rare butterfly Brenthis hecate and other butterfly species


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To protect valuable old forests (oak, spruce, pine forests), diversity of flora and fauna, rare flora and fauna species, Tunele river segment


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To protect natural forests in South Lithuania, habitats of rare plant species.


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To protect Zuvintas lake ecosystem with high diversity of flora and fauna


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To protect diverse and abundant ichtiofauna


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To protect populations of rare and threatened insect species


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To protect abundant and diverse ichtiofauna


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To protect landscape of the biggest South Lithuania lakes and their surroundings, natural ecosystem and cultural values, resting places of migratory birds


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To protect natural landscape and wintering places of bird species.


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To protect hydrographical structure of Dusia lake, fish species, wintering places of bird species.


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To protect Menkutis lake, population of Emys orbycularis, fen and raised bog complex


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To protect population of Emys orbicularis


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To protect unique community of Quercus petrea, rare plant species and valuable ornithofauna.


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To protect hydrographical structure of Meteliai lake, fish species, wintering places of bird species.


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To protect coastal fen with abundant rare plant species


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To protect landscape of Veisiejai lakes, natural ecosystem and cultural values.


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To protect lake in deep hollow, typical for South Lithuania, pine forests, rare bird species


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To protect complex of forests and small mires, small lakes and high diversity of flora


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To protect unique area with high concentration of plant species, small lake and small mires


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To protect significant breeding, feeding and resting places of migratory wates birds.


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One of the biggest bat colonies in Lithuania


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To protect complex of the biggest mire (Cepkeliai) in Lithuania; high diversity of flora and fauna


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To protect valley of Katra river, rare plant and bird species


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To protect landscape of morain hills, habitats of rare plant species


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To protect spawning places of trouts and other fish species, otters and bird species


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To protect wetlands in upper reaches at Musteika rivulete, ecosystem of spruce, black osh and swamp


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To protect valuable complex of wettlands and pine forests, diverese flora and fauna


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To protect unique Skroblus rivulete, land use structure and botanical values


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To protect landscape of sandy plain with thermokarst lakes, continental dunes, hydrographical features


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To protect landscape of Lomena river valley, rare plant species, communities of white alder groves and wet meadows


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To protect habitats of rare plant species


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To protect landscape of Jiesia valley, rock exposures, steep slopes


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To protect diversity of threatened bat species, the biggest wintering place


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To protect diversity of fauna, habitats of rare plant species


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To protect landscape of valuable river valley, communities of wet meadows


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To protect breeding places of birds, resting place of migratory birds


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One of the most important bat hibernation place in Lithuania


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One of the most important bat hibernation places in Lithuania.


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One of the most important places in Lithuania


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One of the most importatnt bat hibernation places


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To protect island - living place of water birds - in Nemunas river


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To protect typical forest in old aliuvial plain, fauna, particularly population of Glis glis


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To protect typical ash-groves with hornbeams, habitats of rare plant and fungi species


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To protect landscape of moraine plateau, Glis glis living places


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To protect Wetlands in Middle Lithuania plain.


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To protect plant complex of South Lithuania oak forests


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To protect the roost of very rare bat species.


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To protect unique lime forest with diverse fauna


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To protect oak forest and mixed forest typical for Suduva highland, high diversity of flora and fauna species


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To protect landscape of expressive moraine hills with abundant mire complexes, botanical and zoological values


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To protect Amalvas mire and lake valuable from zoological and botanical point of view, a part of Zuvintas Ecosystem


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Many Corine bird species, reptiles, and Lutra from Mammals. As this site cover the Orn. Reserve EZERANI it contain not only waterfowls but also another important bird species like raptors.


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15 fish species from which 4 endemic. Unique fishing technic- by help of reed plates and birds! Some invertebrate especially Odonata, and several CORINE bird species.


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17 fish species from which 10 or 60 % are endemic; 5 species Porifera- 4 (80%) endemic; Tricladida- 21 species (19 or 90% endemic); Gastropoda-58 species - 50 or 86% endemic; Oligo-chaeta-27 species-17 (47%) endemic; Hirudinea-21 species-11 (53 %) endemic; Copepoda-22 species-4 endemic; Cladocera -21 species-1 endemic; Ostracoda 42 species - 30 (71%) endemic; Isopoda-4 spec-3 endemic; Nematoda - 23 spec.-4 endemic; Turbelaria-Rhabdocoela-25 species- 11 (44%) endemic; Protozoa-parazits-34 species from which 30 or 88% endemic;


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93 bird species from the groups of Raptors and Waterfowls. 6 SPEC Category 1; 7 species SPEC 2; 25 species SPEC 3 and 7 species SPEC 4; Before drainage 13 fish species and 13 mammal species; 8 Amphibian species; Only place where was found Cyperetum longi caricetosum acutiformis Micevski 1957 community; 74 Algae species;


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Many CORINE bird, mammals and reptile species. Rare (up to 1/5) riparian forest. In general very interesting locality from different point of views. Salvia tenorii-1/1MKD; Catabrosa aquatica 1-5 loc.in MKD;


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Three CORINE plant species. Four plant species could be found only in this site in Macedonia and for aditional 3 species it is one of 5 localities in Macedonia. Also, for many invertebrate species this site is 1/5 localities of Macedonia. CORINE bird and Odonata species also occur.


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Five flora species present here could be found on up to five localities in Macedonia. Also the communities present here are rare in Macedonia


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39 glacial lakes- 25 permanent and 14 temporary; >2000 vascular plants; ~150 endemic plants;


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The site Mavrovo is locus clasicus of 7 flora species (Achilea korabensis, Crepis macedonica, Dinathus macedonicus, Erysinum korabense, Solenanthuis scardicus , Viola gostivarensis and Viola ivonis and another few sopecies which are described from the albanian side of Korab-later registered in Macedonia (Draba korabensis, Festuca korabensis, Ranunculus degenii, Sesleria korabensis), In this region are the unique findings of rare plant species : Matricaria caucassica, Senecio transilvanicus, Ranunculus wettsteini, Valeriana bertisea, Alchemilla exigua, Colchicum pigerianum, Rumex balcanicus, Tragopogon arientelis, Vicia sparsiflora, Trifolium spadiceum, Dianthus barbatus etc. More than 140 bird species.


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The site is studied only from botanical point of view. It represent one interesting refugi from the tercier period. One European CORINE species and 2 plant species which occur on 1/5 localities in Macedonia. The biotopes are also very rare.


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Three CORINE plant species, three mammals and 3 rare plants (1/5 localities in Macedonia) and one locus classicus .


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One CORINE plant species (Sambucus deborensis, CORINEspecies proposed by Maceodnia), one locus classicus and two plant species which occur on 1/5 localities in Macedonia;


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77 butterflie species from which 4 CORINE species. Locus classicus of one plant species (Campanula deborensis) one CORINE plant species and 6 species which occur on 1 of 5 localities in Macedonia.


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Presence of rare plant community: Corylo colurnae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae (5 % coveridge).


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Several rare plant species, few Reptile and few Bird CORINE species. The site is not enough studied.


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* Local clasicus od 13 flora species from which 11 are endenmic ; * 31 very rare plants; * 12 species could be found only on Galichica although could be found elsewhere of Macedonia; * One of two localities where could be met Ablepharus kitaibelii -CS. * Many Amphibians, Birds and Mammals CORINE species. * Butterflies with nearly 10 CORINE species present here.


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Interesting glacial lakes, interesting area. 4 CORINE plant species, 5 plant species with locus clasicus in this site, few CORINE mammals, 2 butterflies, rare Coleopteran species and another invertebrates. The site is not enough studied.


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Locus clasicus of 13 confirmed species; 2 local endemic flora species; 88 tree species (29 % from the Macedonian dendroflora) 37 Mammal species, more than 100 bird species and many rare invertebrates.


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The site ocupy over 2000 ha from which the lake up to 10 m deep and land. This is the first strictly protected ornitological reserve in Macedonia managed by NGO -Bird Study and Protection Society of Macedonia.It contains many plant, bird, amphibians, reptiles and mammals CORINE species.


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160 vascular plants and ferns; 20 mediterranean species; The only place where could be find Celtis glabrata in Macedonia. Also Juniperus excelsa is very rare in Macedonia and known only from Vardar valley and Galichica Mnt. The biggest colony of Apus melba in Macedonia-maybe and wider. Traces from the antic period and meadle age. 2 chirches one St. Dimitrija (bad condition) and another St.Petar from the XIV century. One shallow cave.


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Two Odonata and one Molusca CORINE species. The last one could be found only on this locality in Macedonia.


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The only one place in Macedonia where occur Tilio cordatae-Fagetum - rare community which occupy an area of 250 ha.


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4 Corine plant species, Locus classicus of 2 plant species, unique findings of one species and 4 species which could be found on 1-5 localities in the region. Several birds and Mammals Corine species.


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Seven CORINE plant species, one invertebrate and several CORINE bird species. Many of the invertebrate species could be faund on up to five sites in Macedonia. Five plant species could be found only on Jakupitsa and 11 plant species on up to five localities in the region.


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112 Macrolepidoptera species and 140 night buterflies; 77 endemic microlepidoptera species;


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Two CORINE plant species (Ramondia nathaliae and Astragalus baldacii- proposed by Albania) , 1 unique findings, and 8 species which could be found on 1 from 5 localities in Macedonia.


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Two CORINE plant species, two unique findings, and 4 species on 1/5 localities in the region.


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One plant and one mammal CORINE species, 5 plant species with sign * (1/5), one reptile species with sign *(1/5) . The most northern range of J. excelsa plant species in Macedonia.


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One bird , one plant , one invertebrate and several reptile CORINE species and interesting communities which are very well developed in this area.


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Together with D.Kapija and Skochivirska Gorge the most interesting Gorges in Macedonia especially from ornitological point of view. The site, also has many caves rich with CORINE bats species, some with phosil fauna and interesting geomorphological elements. This sites are the most frequnet visited from the foreign ornitologist for the last decades.


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Locus clasicus of two rare species and locality of another two rare plants. Well developed Staurejo thymion community.


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5 species are endemic for this site. Locus classicus for one ass. Hedysaro-Convolvuletum i Eurotietum ceratoides Micev.1970. Rare locality where could be found Lacerta trilineta in Macedonia (1/5). Also, Eryx jaculus is very rare snake in Macedonia and it could be found here.


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* One Corine species- Salvia jurisicii * One locus clasicus for Alyssum bargalense and * One rare species -Rochelia disperma (1/5). By several Bird and Amphib/Reptiles CORINE species.


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39 Orthoptera species; 3 amphibians (2 Corine species) ,11 reptile species -5 Corine species; 27 bird species-nearly 10 CORINE species.


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Several bird CORINE species, one plant , two Reptiles and another rare plant and invertebrate species.


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Three Buterfly CORINE species, 4 rare plant species which could be found only on this region (1/5) and 10 plant species with locus clasisus from this area.


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Two CORINE plant species (Asplenium macedonicum and Isoetes phrygia) which occur on up to five localities in Macedonian and and another six plant species which occur on up to five localities in the Macedonian region.


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5 local endemic plant species, unique findings for 2 species, 7 rare species including several CORINE species proposed for Macedonia, several CORINE fish species and many bird CORINE species. Very interesting gorge.


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2 CORINE plant species, 3 unique findings and 3 rare plants.


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2 CORINE plant species, 2 unique findings for plant species, 12 rare species, 1 bird, one fish and two Mammals CORINE species.


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The unique spring in Macedonia which ocupy quite a big area. Some endemic invertebrate species occur in the pond.


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The only one place where could be find relict and endemic Ciperetum longi community in Macedonia. Locus typicus of some invertebrates; In fromer times it was used for spowning of native C. carpio populations;


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Lot of birds , among them some CORINE species during the winter period are using this area for feeding and hiding.


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Three European CORINE species, one Slovenian and one Macedonian Cor. sp. 6 plant species had their locus classicus in this site and several plant species are rare species. As a result of tertier vulcan activities this area is world famous by new mineral kinds which are for the first time discoverd on this locality like: vrbait, alsharit and lorandit.


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Several fish CORINE species, some butterflies, and plant CORINE species. Vulfes are quite common. From 35 raptor birds in Europe here could be found 23 or 73.8 %. Locus classicus of two plant species (Verbacum macedonicum and Centaurea grbavacensis). One of 5 localities for Arbutus andrachne in Macedonia. Steepy and very inaccessible regions are common which allow breeding of all vulture species of Europe.


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The longest gorge of Vardar river with 9 caves, many bird and Mammals CORINE species, 8 endemic Gastropoda species, 2 CORINE plant and more than 10 rare plant species. Submediterranen vegetaion dominate.


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One CORINE plnat species, 5 rare plants, 4 CORINE mammals, and one CORINE bird species. Rare plant communities like Seslerio pinetum and Ramondion nathaliae (for the region).


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8 rare plant species, rare plant communitie and two Corine species. The site is not yet studied from different aspects.


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1 Corine plaat species and 5 rare plant and several rare (1/5) invertebrate species. The most importnat for this site is occurance of the rare community of Arbutus andrachne.


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Very well divelopment of Phylirea latifolia and Quercus coccifera community (very old trees).


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Several plant CORINE species(for Macedonia), One mammal and one Dragonfly Corine species, 76 rare plants, and many rare insects and fungy.


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One CORINE plnat species, by one mammal and reptile and many bird CORINE species, 9 rare plants, 5 CORINE butterfly species and rare invertebrate species.


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2 CORINE plant species, 3 rare plant species, 2 bird ,1 mammal and one amphibian CORINE species and many rare algae species from the Desmidiaceae family. The unuque place in the region where could be find Drossera rotundifolia, insect-eating plant species.


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8 fish CORINE species. Some of them are endemic for strumitsa river like Noemachilus angorae bureschi. Two species from Acari which has significance $.


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Three buterfly CORINE species, several plant species had locus classicus on this mountain, one Carabidae species has locus typicus, several rare plants etc. One waterfoll -Koleshinski which is 15 m high on river Baba.


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On this area could be found many meditearranean bird, reptiles and mammal species, many mediterranean plants from which many are endemic or quite rare in Macedonia.


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Locus clasicus of 10 flora species mentioned in the species list. One endemic species -Dianthus scardicus; 5 very rare species: Linaria alpina, Oxytropis campestris, Anbrietia gracilis, Silene vulgaris ssp. prostrata and Primula minima. 10 Baterflies Corine species, many vertebarate CORINE species.


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Two endemic species, two local clasicus, unique finding for one plant species (Diphasium alpinum) and several rare species.


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Three local endemic plant species, 12 species with loc.class. from this site and several rare (1:5) plant species. One CORINE reptile species which occur also on 1:5 localities in the region.


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Several CORINE mammal and bird species, several plant species, many rare plants.


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One invertebrate CORINE species, sevaral mamals and 5 bird CORINE species.


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Three glacial lakes from which 1 is on 1936, second on 2000 and thirth on 2200 m.a.s.l. Several CORINE plant species for Macedonia, one from Albania, many rare plants and insects.


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Three CORINE plant species, three endemic species ( for Shar Mnt) unique finding of one plant species and three rare species -1/5 locality in the Region.


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Three CORINE plant species, one locus classicus for plant species, for two plant species unique findings and 4 species could be found on 1/5 localities in the region.


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One CORINE plant species, the only findings of one plant species, Locus classicus of one plant species, and 5 species which occur on 1/5 localities in the region. Region where the Northern Lynx (CORINE species) is the most nureous but Brown bear, Wolfes and R.rupicapra are also very common.


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7 CORINE species (3 reptiles, one mammal, two plant and one buterfly species), many rare invertebrate and plant species. The only locality where could be find 6 plant species and more rare species.


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3 CORINE plant species, one locus classicus, 2 unique findings and 3 plant species could be found only on this site. Northern lynx, Brown bear, chamois and vulfes could be also found here.


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Several locus classicus for plants, uniq findings for 2 species and several rare plant species. One CORINE species with signification sign - * -(Colchicum pieperianum) -Albanian CORINE species proposed!


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1 CORINE plant species, several Mammals and Reptiles CORINE species, and several rare species (1/5).


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Several CORINE plant species, and up to 10 species which are found on 1/5 localities in Macedonia.


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Several plants, birds and mammals CORINE species. Plant community and some flora species which could be found only on this site.


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Four CORINE species, four locus classicus for plant species and 7 species could be found up to 5 places in Macedonia. More than 10 species from Invertebrates occure on up to five localities in Macedonia.


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Two glacial lakes which are very interesting from zoological point of view. More than 10 rare plant species , 3 CORINE plant species , several birds and mammals, one reptile, one amphibian, one invertebrate etc.


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One CORINE species, Locus classicus of two species, two plant species which could be found on 1/5 localities in Macedonia; Several mammals CORINE species, several bird and several Herpetofauna CORINE species;


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Old threes of Birch, Beech and Fir which are rare in Macedonia.


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5 CORINE plant species, 5 Loc. classicus, 7 species with unique findings on this site 4 species 1/5 localities in Macedonia, 6 herpetofauna Corine species, 4 bird Corine species, few mammals and many rare insects. 2 glacial lakes.


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An important and interesting area in the Southern Region, with a relatively well preserved decidous ( Ostrya carpinifolia, Quercus  sp. div., Castanea sativa) and coniferous (Abies borissi-regis, Pinus nigra) forest, very important for well-established mammal and bird communites. Important site for Martes foina, Vulpes vulpes, Capreolus capreolus, Sus scrofa, Lepus europaeus (L. capensis), Dendrocopus syriacus etc. General landscape and natural interest.


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It's a good combination of relatively well preserved Platanetum orientalis and other oak and hidro or/ and hidropfilous vegetation with mediterranean shrub vegetation ( macchia), which offers a high degree of biodiversity and ecotourism values. Important site especially for Myotis bechsteini, so far recorded only in this particular site in Albania. Very few specific publications.


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The site is quite unique in Albania for the presence of Nerium oleander, grown in natural conditions, reason for which the site is protected. The small size of the site as well its shape and character, are limited factors for the presence of a number of bird and mammal species. Nevertheless, the site is visited by severeal mammals and birds and is hosting particular landscape and geomorphological values.


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The site represents a quite unique and well preserved and developed lithoral. As far as the mammals and birds are concerned, the most important ones, who visit the site, are Delphinus delphi, Tursiops truncatus, Sterna albifrons etc. There are, also, old data on the presence of Monachus monachus.


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The islands are almost well preserved; this is important especially for the trees of Quercus ilex, marine flora and fauna, despite some damages on rocky coast, result of some excavations of Lithophagus sp. The zone is very attractive for touristic and leisure purposes. The only site along the Albanian cost where the Meditarranean monkseal ( Monachus monachus) has been recorded so far. Important site for the following globally threatened species: Pitymus thomasii, Ophidiaster ophidiasuns, Callistoma canulum, Triturus cristatus, Testudo marginata and an important site for bats ( Rhinolphus blasii, Rh. euryale, Pipistrellus pipistrellus), Lutra lutra-another globally threatened species.


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The reclamation of Vurgu Field, years ago, has arise some problems, especially linked with the eutrophication. The site is an important IBA for wintering and migratory birds of the region, such as Ardeolla ralloides, Egretta alba, Pelecanus crispus, etc. It is also important place for Lutra lutra.


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Being a military zone and located close to the border with Greece, it must be considered a well preserved site. The presence of Testudo marginata gives special scientific values to the zone. It is very important zone for Heliaetus albicilla, Pandion heliaetus, Falco tinnunculus, Felis silvestris, etc, whereas the data for the presence of Canis lupus are rather old and not confirmed. The coastal waters of the site are visited by delhinus (Delphinus delphi) and Tursiops truncatus.


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Rich zone in different habitats. Important site for some nesting birds, such as Burhinus oedicnemus, Sterna albifrons, and also for those birds linked with coastal wetlands. Also important for the globally threatened species such as Lutra lutra, or other rare and threatened species like Hirundo medicinalis, Libelloides macaronius, Alosa fallax nilotica.


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One of the best preserved areas, with high biodiversity values, especially for some endemic ( Hypericum haplophylloides), subendemic ( Petteria ramentacea) and relict (Taxus baccata) plant species, as well as some more threatened species ( Ilex aquifolium etc.) The site has potentially many possibilities for the development of ecotourism. The site is very important on the region, especially for Sciurus vulgaris, Apodemus mystacinus, Buteo rufinus etc. It is the only place where Pitymus felteni has been recorded for Albania so far. The most important birds are Dendrocopos syriacus, D. major, Dryocopus martius, etc.


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The site has been changed over these last 3-4 decades, especially the hydrophile forest surrounding the lagoon, but anyway, it is still an important site for a number of species, some of them rare or threatened, such as: Rhinolophus blasii, Rh. euryale, Myotis myotis, Accipiter nissus, Alcedo atthis, Buteo buteo, Ardeola ralloides. Not very important for the birds, except for during the winter.


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The communities of Quercus coccifera represents the degraded elments of Quercus ilex climax formations, as a result of overharvesting, intensive pasturing and especially of many fires.The patches of Quercus macrolepis are of small size, because of human impact. The vegetation of coastal and marine rocks, mainly dominated by the meadows of Posidonia oceanica and Coralium rubrum is in almost natural stage. Great touristic potential. Important zone, especially for the following species: Sus scrofa, Apodemus mystacinus, Buteo rufinus, Hydrobates pellagicus, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Delphinus delphi, Tursiops truncatus, Zerynthia polyxena, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana dalmatina, Natrix tessellata etc.


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Interesting flora and fauna, especially the sea waters around the island, which are often visited by Delphinus delphi and Tursiops truncatus, where both of these species find here one of the most important sites in the Suouthern Region. It is,aslo, important for Oryctopus cuniculus, an introduced species.


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An agriculture land, with some residues of seminatural and natural habitats, that do offer shelter and feeding places for several species, some of them rare or threatened, such as Rhinolophus blasii, Myotis blythi, Accipiter nisus, Anthus campsetris, Lanius collurio, Miliaria calandra etc.


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The site hosts importants features of terrestial and marine ecosystems of outstanding landscape / seascape interest. The presence of albanian plant species Hyperiucum haplophylloides as well as some rare and threatened animal species, such as Rhinolophus blasii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Microtus thomasi, Tursiops truncatus etc., brings particular values to the site.


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It is a relatively well preserved site, especially the marine litoral communities. The sea water is often visited by Delphinus delphi , Tursiops truncatus, etc. There are, also, old records that the site had been visited by the Monk seal ( Monachus monachus), a globally threatened species.


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A zone with values of biodiversity. Important site for a number of mammals and birds communities, linked with high growing forests. Many rare and threatened species, such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Felis silvestris, Gyps fulvus, Falco subbuteo, etc. occur. The site hosts particular geological feature and landscape values.


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Vjosa river / valley belongs to 2 countries : Albania and Greece and represents one of the cleanests and most important rivers for Lutra lutra and some migratory fishes either ( salmo sp.) etc. It is a valley of outstanding landscape, with high values especially for a number of bats and migratory birds, most of them protected species as being rare and / or threatened. The valley seems to be a migration route for birds of prey , such as Accipiter gentilis, A. nisus, Circaetus gallicus, etc.


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Important migration route for migratory birds, but also very important for some mammals such as Lutra lutra and for the bat Eptesicus serotinus. The site has also particular geological and landscape values. A number of rare and threatened species occur inside this site.


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The Abies borissi-regis forest is in its climax stage and it is relatively well preserved. Well developed mammal and bird communities, linked with coniferous forests and high mountainous ecosystems. Important area for Microtus thomasi, Gyps fulvus and Neophron percnopterus. The site is offering also particular landscape values.


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In the forest ( Pineto-Abies borissi regis community) are grown some relict plants such as: Taxus baccata, Aesculus hippocastaneum and several balkanic species. The site represents a relatively well preserved high forest and mountain ecosystem, where some interesting/characteristic mammal and bird communities are found. Large mammals such as : Canis lupus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capreolus capreolus, are present in the site. Here are also present: Zerynthia polyxena, Hipparchia statilinus, Triturus cristatus, Bufo viridis, Testudo hermanni, Podarcis truncalis, Elaphe longissima, etc.


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One of the best preserved high forest in the southern region.Well developed mammal and bird communities, linked with coniferous forests and mediterranean macchia. Important site for Microtus thomasii, globally threatened species , and Todarida tenniotis as well.


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The site represents a wide degraded oak forest and is one of the most important sites of the region for Sus scropha, Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Sciurus vulgaris, Martes martes, Picris ergane, Hyla arborea etc. Important site for a number of nesting and wintering birds such as Dendrocopos leucotes, Sitta europaea, Pyrrhocorax graculus.


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Important interboundary zone for ensuring the continuity of habitats between Albania and Greece, with high biodiversity, where black pine( Pinus nigra), mixed with macedonian fir ( Abies borissi-regis) and beech ( Fagus sylvatica)is in almost climax state. Important site for Ursus arctos, Capreolus capreolus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Perdix perdix etc. Very well high-developed forest with mammal and bird communities, linked with old growing mixed forests.


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One of the most important lakes of Balkan Penninsula. High degree of endemisms, particularly in invertebrates ( mollusca) and other animal groups such as: Ohrigacea samuli, Strugia ohridana, Hirundo medicinalis, Lestes dryas, Salmo letnica, Triturus cristatus, Bufo viridis, Natrix tessellata. The site hosts more than 1% of european population for some bird species: Netta ruffina, Fulica atra, Phlacrocorax pygmaeus, Aythya fuligula, Podiceps auritus, Tachybatus ruficollis, during wintering period; whereas for : Chlidonias hybridus, Ch. leucopterum, Ch. niger, during migration.


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Relatively well protected, especially from water polluters, which makes the site interesting and rich in both flora and fauna elements. There are some rare or threatened plant species, such as Trapa natans, Nuphar lutea, Utricularia vulgaris, but especially for birds the site is quite important ( International IBA- Important Bird Area). Let's mention out of them the wintering waterbirds, such as Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, Pelecanus crispus, Fulica atra, Phalacrocorax pygmeus etc., as well as other birds, such as Miniopterus schreibersii, Pipistrellus savii and especially Myotis daubentoni, which has been recorded for Albania only in this site.


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Dry pastures and damaged forests, with some interesting plant species, such as Sideritis raeseri, Potentilla detommasii, Oxytropis urumovii etc. Important site, especially for Sus scrofa, Miniopterus schreibersi, etc. as well as for some cave-dwelling bats, that are all protected species.


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The forests are almost at their climax state, creating a complex landscape. Even though the site has lost some of its previous natural and wildlife importance, due to the human activities, it is still hosting important populations of mammal and bird communities, linked to old-growing forest and mountain ecosystems. Very important area, especially for Ursus arctos. Data on the presence of Lynx lunx, Sus scrofa in the past, are showing some of the lost values of the site.


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The zone is distinguished for different habitats, subendemic and/or balcanic plant species. There are seasonal visits of Ursus arctos and Canis lupus, whereas data on the presence of Rupicapra rupicapra and Capreolus capreolus are rather old. The site offers particular geological features and landscape interest. It represents an transboundary area, shared among Albania and Greece.


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A mountain zone with natural, scientific, esthetic and landscape values, linked with other protected areas around it. Important area, where well developed mammals ( Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, etc.) and bird communities linked to the high forests and s/alpine areas occur. Rich in rare and threatened plant, bird and mammal species. The site has particular geological features and landscape values.


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The most important wetland in Albania and one of the most important ones in the Mediterranean Region, especially for some birds: Pelecanus crispus, Phalacrocorax sp., Anas clypeata, A.crecca, A. penelope, Egretta alba, Sterna albifrons. The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus) has got its second and most important site in Albania. The channels are important also for Hirudo medicinalis, Comatochlora bidentatus, Emys orbicularis, Mauremus caspica etc.


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The site represents a well preserved and developed mediterranean pine forest. There are some endemic plants inside the forest such as : Orchis albanica, or Aster albanicus susbp. paparistoi ( subendemic). Important place for nesting birds such as Sterna albifrons, S. hirundo, Charadrius alexandrinus, as well as for wintering birds such as: Alcedo ottis, Circus cyaneus, Haliaetus albicilla etc. One out of 2 sites in Albania where Bubalus bubalus occurs. An important site for migratory birds, too.


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One of the most important zone of river delta (?), with a well preserved mediterranean pine forest (Pinetum halepensis) and sandy dunes, up to 2-3m high. One of the 5 most important sites of the region for a number of birds linked with coastal wetlands, such as Burhinus oedicnemus, Charadrius alexandrinus, Himantopus himantopus, Sterna albifrons etc. It is one out of five sites of the region where Cygnus cygnus has been recorded so far. Important site also for Lutra lutra ( globally threatened species), Hirundo medicinalis, Mantis religios, Libelloides macaronius, Acipenser sturio, Alosa fallax nilotica etc.


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High values of biodiversity, with plenty of endemic taxons, especially for plants, such as Astragalus autranii and Carduus cronicus subsp. baldaccii, as well as for a lot of other s/balcanic, balcanic, rare and threatened plant species. It is also a very important area for the mammals :Ursus arctos, Lynx lynx, Canis lupus, Sciurus vulgaris etc. as well as for a lot of bird communities, linked with high forests and subalpine and alpine communitites.


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The beech forest is almost in its climax stage and relatively well preserved. Important site for mammals and birds communities, linked with high forests and alpine and high mountain habitats. Important site especially for Ursus arctos, Lynx lynx, Capreolus capreolus, Alectoris graeca, Gyps fulvus, Dryocopus martius, Triturus cristatus, Hyla arborea, Unio crassus, Parnassius apollo etc.,


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Transboundary zone with high values of biodiversity, relatively well preserved. Many endemic and subendemic plant species. Almost no publications. An important site of the northern region for a number of large mammals such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Meles meles, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capreolus capreolus, Felis silvestris etc. ; also for bird species linked with old growing high forests, such as Dendrocopos leucotos, Dryocopus martius, Gyps fulvus, Hieraetus fasciatus, etc.


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The site represents a relatively well preserved oakland, still one of the most important sites of the northern region for wild boar (Sus scrofa), but also for other mammals such as: Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Capreolus capreolus, Meles meles, that are considered rare and threatened. There are, also, some rare and threatened birds such as: Accipiter gentilis, Falco subbuteo, Dendrocopos leucotos etc.


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The plane ( Platanus orientalis) formation is almost natural and offers habitats for a number of rare and threatened species, such as Lutra lutra, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. kuhli, Myotis myotis, Alcedo atthis, Circaetus gallicus, Bubo bubo etc.


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Large mammals and carnivores such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Rupicapra rupicapra etc. occur inside the area. Old growing forest and other plant communities are offering habitats for mammal and bird species, typical for these types of habitats. Too many threatened bird species. Particular geological feature and landscape values.


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A relatively well preserved area, with plenty of mammal and bird species, linked to old growing forests and subalpine meadows and pastures. Too many threatened and rare plant species, birds and mammals occur here.


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Old growing forests, sublapine meadows and pastures offer suitable habitats for a number of plants, mammals and bird species, most of them are considered as rare or threatened species. An area of particular geological and geomorphological features.


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The site is relatively well preserved, even though in recent times there are a lot of threats, that are effecting strongly the site. It represents the only site where Stenella coeruleoalba has been recorded so far in Albania. It is also an important site for Delphinus delphi, and Turtsiops truncatus. It is important also for some birds, including some migratory ones, especially for Sterna albifrons, Falco naumani etc.


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The "macchia", although secondary, is very typical and very important, especially for some mammals, such as Rhinolophus euryale, R. ferrumequinum etc.). The beech forest is almost in its climax stage and relatively well preserved, whereas the oak and chestnut communities are mostly degraded. There occur also some relict or/ and threatened plant species, such as Ramonda serbica, Epimedium alpinum, Atropa belladona, Pinus leucodermis, Orchis sp. div., etc. Few publications, mostly personal records or manuscripts.


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Too many rare and threatened species such as: Plants / Fritillaria macedonica, ..., Mammals/Canis lupus, Capreolus capreolus etc,...


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The forest is in its climax stage and relatively well preserved. Important site for large carnivores such as Canis lupus, Ursus arctos, Lynx lynx, Vulpes vulpes etc. An important site also for Bubo bubo, Neophron percnopterus, Pernis apivorus etc. Mammals and bird communities linked with old growing high forests are well developed. The whole site functions as an important biocorridor for a number of animal species of national and international importance.


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Important biocorridor for a certain important species of national and international importance, especially for large carnivores such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Lynx lynx, Capreolus capreolus, Meles meles, etc. Birds communities linked with oldgrowing high forests is wery well developed. Important site for migratory birds such as Gyps fulvus, Hieraetus fasciatus, Nephron percnopterus etc.


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The beech forest is almost in its climax stage and relatively well preserved. The site functions as an important biocorridor for a certain important species of national and international importance, especially for large mammals such as Ursus arctos, Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus, Lynx lynx, Capreolus capreolus etc. Bird communities, linked with old growing high forests and mountain ecosystems are well developed. Important site for migratory birds, such as Gyps fulvus, Hieraetus fasciatus, Neophron percnopterus etc.


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Too many endemic and threatened species like, Forsythia europaea, Lunaria rediviva, Petasites hybridus, Aster albanicus, Atropa belladona, Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Capreolus capreolus; these last ones are not recorded any longer. The site has been an important place for large mammals and birds communities, linked with high and oldgrowing forest ( mixed coniferous and broadleaves).


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An area of particular landscape, with geological and geomorphological values. Bird and mammal communities linked with mountain ecosystems and high forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica, are also met here. This is the only site where Vespertilis marinus has been recorded so far in Albania.


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The forest, quite close to the coast, has been one of the most beautiful and protected ones. The sea part of the site is almost undisturbed. One of the five sites of the northern region important for the following plant and animal species: Fucus virsoides, Cystoseria adriatica, Acipenser nacarii, A. sturio, Caretta caretta, Rhinolophus euryale, Mustela nivalis, Meles meles, Delphinus delphi, Tursiops truncatus, as well as for the birds Sturnus roseus ( 6-10 pairs), Alcedo athis, Buteo buteo, Phalacrocorax carbo, Falco naumani, Plagadis falcinellus.


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Some rare and threatened plant species, such as: Hydrocotile vulgaris, Ulmus campestris, Quercus robur. Important IBA of the northern region, especially for Anas penelope, Glareola panticola, Sterna sandvicensis. One of the few sites of the region where Canis aureus has been recorded so far.


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High values of biodiversity, with distinguished well-protected sandy dunes and the meadows of Posidonia oceanica. The Bishti i Palles coastal waters are often visited by delphinus ( Delphinus delphi) and Tursiops truncatus. The site is, also, important for a number of bats and wintering birds.


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High values of biodiversity and diferent habitats. A small area, dominated by Quercus robur ( rare species) is well preserved. It is an important bird area, particularly for Charadriformes and wintering water birds. Very important, also, for some birds such as Pelecanus crispus, Sterna albifrons, Falco naumanni, as well as for the mammal Lutra lutra.


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The forest is generally in its climax stage and relatively well preserved. An interesting endemic assocation (Pinetum nigra-Forsythietum) occurs. The site is rich in insects, such as Parnassius apollo, P. mnemosyne, Pieris ergane, etc. and amphibians: Triturus cristatus, T. alpestris, Bufo viridis,etc. and reptiles: Coronella austriaca, Natrix tessellata etc. An important site of the northern region of Albania for a number of mammals such as: Mustela putorius, Felis sylvestris, Lynx lynx, Capreolus capreolus, Lepus europaeus, Vulpes vulpes, Glis glis etc.


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This very arid site has special values for the reptiles, such as: Cyrtodactilis kotschyi, Elaphe longissima, E. quatrolineata etc. and, also, for rapacious birds such as Aquila chrysaetus and Falco peregrinus, the special species protected from several International Conventions. One of the most important sites for the mammals, Miniopterus schreibersi, Apodemus mystacinus, Mustela nivalis, Lepus europaeus etc. as well as for the birds Falco naumani, Buteo rufinus etc.


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A rich zone with various habitats, especially important for Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, Emys orbicularis, Natrix tessellata, Lutra lutra, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Anas querquedula, Aquila clange, Ardea cinerea, Himantopus himantopus, as well as for the wintering birds: Circus aeruginopus, C. cyaneus, Egretta garzetta, Melanita fusca, Phalacrocrax pygmaeus etc.


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Especially important site for the following species : Myotis myotis, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. kuhli, Milvus milvus, as well as for the wintering and migratory birds such as: Chlidonias hybridus, Egretta garzetta, Himantopus himantopus, Nycticorax nycticorax, etc. Herpetofauna is also very rich; Hyla arborea, Rana ( 2 species), Emys orbicularis, Natrix tessellata, etc.


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It's an almost natural well-preserved zone. One of the 5 most important sites of the northern albanian zone for Lutra lutra, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Aythya nyroca, Taurus stellaris, Circus aeruginosus. Important site for a number of wintering and migratory birds such as: Anser albifrons, A. anser, Egretta garzetta, Himantopus himantopus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Plegadis falcinellus etc. It is of a special importance for migratory fishes.


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It is an important site along the northern coast, often visited by delphinus, ( Delphinus delphi) and Tursiops truncatus. The site has lost some of its former values and there are no recent records for the presence of species like Canis aureus, Mustela putorius, Lutra lutra. It is, also, an Important Bird Area, visited by a great number of birds, especially during the winter season, but there are not missing nesting birds. Important area for Crex crex, a globally threatened species.


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The site hosts some of its former natural and biological values by lack of an appropriate management. Nevertheless, mamal and bird communities, linked with old-growing oak forest, are still present. The site is important, especially considering the northern region of Albania, for the wild boar ( Sus scropha), whereas the data on the presence of the wolf (Canis lupus) are rather old. Rare and threatened species such as Meles meles, Mustela putorius, Felis silvestris, Accipiter gentilis, Falco peregrinus etc. occur in the site.


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Important site for holding important populations of mammal and bird communitites, linked with high forests and high mountain ecosystems. The site is distinguished for its landscape, geology and geomorphology.


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Despite of the small size, the site is hosting good and well developed high forest's mammal and bird communities. The presence of large mammals ( Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Lynx lynx, Capreolus capreolus etc.) as well as for Bonasia bonasia, Dendrocopos leuccto, D. medius, Dryocopus martius, Gyps fulvus, etc. The most common invertebrates and reptiles are: Candidula castriota, Helicigona inflata, Parnassius apollo, Salamandra atra, Triturus alpestris, Lacerta agilis, Coronella austriaca etc.


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Outstanding landscape and geology interest. Rich in endemic plants, such as: Petasites doerfleri, Lilium albanicum, Asperula doerfleri, Viola dukadjinica, Wulfenia baldacci as well as a lot of subendemis and balkanic plant species. Interesting mammal and bird's communities, especially for Canis lupus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Bonasa bonasia, Dendrocopos leucotos, D. medius, Dryocopus martius, Picus canus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax etc.


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The only area with Picea abies in Albania. Important site for some mammals such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Martes martes, Lutra lutra etc., as well as some birds such as Dryocopus martius, Falco subbuteo, Picus canus, Tetrao urogallus etc. Few publications.


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The forest is generally at its climax state; the site represents one of the most preserved areas in the Northern Region. A lot of mammals and birds communitites, linked with old growing forest are found there. Among the large mammals we mention: Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capreolus capreolus etc, and for birds: Bonasa bonasia, Dendrocopos leucotos, Dryocopus martius, Parus cristatus, Sylvia nisoria, Picus canus, etc.


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Rich flora and fauna as well as very beautiful landscape, attractive for ecological tourism. Some rare invertebrates: Zygaena achillea, Z. ortesoensis, Parnassius apollo, Melitea trivia, Coronella austriaca, etc. The area seems to be one of the 5 most important sites for Lynx lynx and Felix sylvestris. Other large carnivores such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes are present at the site. The site is important for Rupicarpa rupicarpa and Gyps fulvus, too.


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High biodiversity, especially for birds. Too many rare and threatened species such as: PLANTS-Trapa natans, Vallisneria spiralis and the related communities...MAMMALS- Rhinolophus euryale,Myotis myotis, Lutra lutra...BIRDS- Phalacrocorrax pygmeus, Acrocephalus melanopogon, Ardea purpuea,Aythya marila, Bubulcus ibis, Grus grus, Sterna albifrons...


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Important transboundary site, especially for migration of some fish species, among them the globaly endangered species Acipenser sturio. There are grown, also, some threatened plant species such as Trapa natans, Leucojum aestivum etc. It is an important site for birds, especially for Accrocephalus melanopogon, as well as for some mammals such as Lutra lutra, Canis aureus, or some other threatened species, such as Rhinolophus sp., Myotis sp., Mustela putorius, Aquila clanga, Aythya nyroca, Botarus stellaris, Pernis apivorus etc.


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A high variety of habitats, where at least, a couple of almost extinct plant species, such as Quercus robur and Hydrocotile vulgaris, are found. An Important Bird Area (IBA) of the northern coast of Albania, particularly important for Aquila clanga, Aquila pomarina, Aythya nyraca, Falco eleonore, as well as for some mammals such as Lutra lutra, Canis aureus etc.


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The site is, generally, in a good situation, as a result of the continous communication of the lagoon with the sea. It represents an Important Bird area (IBA) of the northern region, especially for a number of birds species such as: Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Anas querquerdula, Ardea cinerea, Ardeola ralloides, Falco naumanni, Plegadis falcinellus, as well as for Aquila clanga*, Cygnus cygnus*, Aythya marila*, Aythya nyroca * etc.


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The site is relatively well-preserved and is important for the reproduction of Trotta... An area of particular landscape values, where mammal and bird communities linked with reparian vegetation and running waters of mountain rivers occur. Presence of otter (Lutra lutra) as well as other rare and threatened species such as Rhinolophus, Myotis, Pipstrellus, Falco peregrinus, Gyps fulvus etc. brings particular values and interes to the site.


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Important site, especially for mammal and bird communities, linked with oak forests, even that some former values have been lost. Old data on the presence of Meles meles, Mustela putorius and Sus scrofa. The lakeshore of Fierza is often visited by otter ( Lutra lutra ), a globally threatened species, as well as other mammals considered rare and / or threatened species, such as Rhinolophus sp., Myotis sp., Pipistrellus sp., etc.


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The zone is an untouched climax forest, which deserves to be preserved for its floristic and faunistic richness. The most important for fauna are: Zygaena achilleae, Scolidantites orion, Melitaea trivia, Triturus cristatus, Bufo viridis, Coronella austriaca. The site provides with habitats for large mammals, such as: Ursus arctos, Meles meles and birds linked with high forest such as: Dendrocopos leucotos, D. medius, D. minor, Dryocopus martius, Picus canus, Picus viridis, Sitta europaea, Tetrao urogallus.


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The only bearch natural forest in Albania, with scientific and special landscape values. The small size of the site is a limiting factor for a number of mammlas and bird species to occur there. So, the importance and values of the site, as for mammal and birds communities, are pretty modest.


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The bosnian pine and beech forest are almost in there climax stage and relatively well preserved. It is one of the most important site of the region and country as well. A number of mammals and birds, linked to the high mountain ecosystems are occuring there, such as: Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Lynx lynx, Meles meles, Falco biarnicus, Falco subbuteo, Prunella collaris, Sitta europaea, Triturus cristatus, Salmo trutta fario etc.


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A relatively well preserved zone, which is demostrated by the presence of rare plant species such as Taxus baccata, Pinus peuce, Sambucus racemosa etc. Well developed mammal and bird communities of high forests and high mountains, such as Ursus arctos, Martes martes, Tetrao urogallus, Loxia curvirostra, Gyps fulvus etc.


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The site represents the only zone with virgine natural forest of Pinus peuce in Albania, a relict forest / species that must be under strict protection. Even being in small size ( about 1000ha) the site is hosting and offering habitats and shelter for a number of rare and threatened mammal and bird species such as Ursus arctos, Lynx lynx, Canis lupus, Capreolus capreolus, Tetrao urogallus, Gyps fulvus etc. The site offers, also, particular landscape and geological values. The presence of glacial lakes brings other specific features and values to the site.


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This glacial lake offers outstanding geological and geomorphological features and Landscape values. The beech forest is almost in its klimax stage, whereas the black pine forest is seriously dammaged. In addition, a number of mammals and bird species visit the site, such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Capreolus capreolus, etc. whereas, among the birds, Accipiter gentilis, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco peregrinus, F. tinnunculus and Alectoris graeca visit the site during their migration. Some endemic plant species are grown there, such as Festucopsis serpentini, Genista hassertiana, Forsythia europaea.


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One of the most important and largest high mountain ecosystems in the region and Albania as a whole, with plenty of endemic, subendemic, balkanic and relict plant species and characteristic communities, such as Sesleria korabensis, Sesleria paparistoi, Draba korabensis, Narthecium scardicum etc. In spite of the fact that the site is largely alterated by the human activities, this massif is still very important, also, for many mammal and bird communities of the northern region, such as Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Meles meles, Lynx lynx, Rupicapra rupicapra, Emberiza cia, Certhia familiaris, Falco subbuteo, Neophron percnopterus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax etc.


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Especially important because of Trapa natans and bird habitats ar around the ponds


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Forest reserve is in natural state. Prevailing are illyrian commu nities reaching in that area the northern boundary of distribution.


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Because of (former and nowadays) water supply some parts of the r rivulet are damaged.


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The protected area includes flysch cliff and and underwater ridge  with characteristic and rare habitats like sea-grass meadows and  benthic communities. Communities are typical and natural. A lifle twith short information is published.


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forest is in natural state, meadows are agricultural land


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South side is in good natural condition.


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People of this area are emigrating to the towns. Impact of the is in decrease.


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Very biodiversity reach artifical wetland


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High diverse kultural landscape. Hedges are important for bird ne nesting.


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Forests in good condition. Communities Isopyro-Fagetum and Lamio Lamioorvalea-Fagetum at higher level of norhern slopes are protected as forest reserve.


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The site has beside botanical value a geomorphological and hydrol hydrological importance.


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Forests are well preserved and sustainable managed. Within the si site are some protected raised bogs and habitats of endemic plant species Moehringia villosa, Aconitum angustifolium.


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One of the best preserved land in Slovenia. It was a high protect protected military area in former Yugoslavia.


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Wetlands and caves with endemic species.


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The best preserved oak wet forest in the country


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The origine of Karst researches in the world


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Mountain endemits, flora and fauna on the edges of the Alps


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Dry grassland and heat forest vegetation in the mountains


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The greatest and the best preserved peatbogs in Slovenia


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Forests are well preserved and sustainable managed


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Forests are well preserved and sustainable managed. Rare species.


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Marine environment important for saline vegetation and birds. Pro posal for IBA.


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All the species found in this site are endemic or very rare.


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Trbojsko jezero is one of  five or less Mergus merganser nesting site.


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Wet habitats are very likely  important for many species but no f aunistic research was done except those of dragonflies. Data abou t dragonflies were not published.


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The only national park in Slovenia, many different natural featur features.


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Sustainable managed forests, rarea habitats and endemist


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On the area 230 bird species were observed. 94 species breed here. Beside the international importance site has a great national value. The only breeding site in Slovenia ot Tringa totanus and Podiceps grisegena and one of two of Numenius arquata and the most important breeding site in Slovenia for Aythia nyroca, Motacilla flava cinereocapilla and Emberiza schoeniclus. Crex crex, Acrocep halus schoenobaenus and Saxicola rubetra  also breed in substantial numbers. Other rare breeders in Slovenia are Gallinago gallina go, Porzana porzana, P. parva and Locustella luscinoies.


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Within the site, there are Pugled hill with relict remains of Beech-fir forest. The floodplain was partly meliorated but wet grass lands are still persistent. Some rare plants like Iris sibirica, Ophioglossum vulgatum and Geranium palustre are present. The site is quite small and beside important number of breeding Corn Crakes (Crex crex: 20-30 pairs), no other bird species is able to reac IBA criteria. In the site 63 bird species were preserved. Among  them 45 breeders and further more 7 possible breeders. The site is also important for birds on migration.:


# Phare12_VULN

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Pasture, mowing, ploughing up, draining:


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Grazing, forestry works, building construction and hunting, tourism:


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Hydroelectric activities, forest use, tourism and ski resorts:


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Proximity to the tourist sight - Rila Monastery:


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Settlements, goat grazing, collecting of animals (snakes, butterflies, etc.), forestry, traffic:


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Pasture and arable farming in the buffer zone of the Strict Reserve Tisata:


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In urgent need of protection from tourist visits:


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Forest use, withering of Castanea sativa, hunting:


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Aging of the forests with limited natural restauration:


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Construction works, stone-pits, a catchment area for water- supply system, pasture, tourism (high human pressure):


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Proximity to settlements, goat pasture, hunting, forest use, including feeling and medicinal plants collection:


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Forest use, hunting, pasture, reservoirs building, forest roads, motorways:


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Feeling, railway, motorway traffic, hunting, tourism, hydroconstruction:


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Hunting, construction and other activities related to hydroelectric power production:


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Forest use, tourism, construction, hunting, goat pasture:


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Hunting, proximity to the town, stone quarries, feeling, goat pasture:


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Forest use, esp. felling, hunting, goat pasture, construction, tourism, plant collection:


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Fishing, hunting on waterfowl, irrigation:


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In need of protection against -irrigation -industrial pollution -agricultural pollution (both stock and arable farming) -hunting -felling of the riverbank forest vegetation -sand extraction operations -growing of vegetable gardens on the riverbanks:


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Proximity to a settlement, hunting and fishing, agro-pollution:


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Stone quarries, industrial pollution, grazing, artificial forestation:


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In need of protection against felling, pasture, arable farming, incl.irrigation, stone pits, hunting, motorway traffic:


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Agricultural activities, mining and stone- pits, hunting, decrease of food avalability for vultures:


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Pasture, fellings, tourism, hunting and fishing:


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There is a danger of eventual draining of the site:


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Grazing, illegal collection of reptiles:


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Diverse human activities as agriculture, hunting, stone quarries, building construction works:


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Agriculture, industrial pollution from adjacent city (Sliven), car traffic:


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Agricultural and industrial pollution. The reservoir's waters are used for cooling a Thermo- electric plant. Hunting:


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Tourism, proximity to a big town, industrial pollution:


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Water eutrophication; sand denudation from the near sand quarry. Succesion of reed beds.


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Dutch elm disease and tracheomycosis and invasion of the nitrophilous plant species.


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Destruction of the suitable nesting sites by the reed beds cutting and desturbing birds in the mating and nesting period. Chemical disposal of the water plants.


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Locust tree invasion and progressive closing herb undergrowth.


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Retaining the mowed grass biomass. Fertilization.


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dump in adjacent area recreation (weekend houses)


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Recreation impact, fishing, commercial forestry.


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Turists passed through the newly opened boarder passage for pedestrians (disturbance of Lyrurus tetrix). Succession in future.


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Succession; millitary activity; wild boars destroy plants by their snouts during outbreak;


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Timber cutting and skidding in the managed part of forest; meadow fertilizing; microclimatic changes in opened stands; dicrease of silver fir and inhibition of yew regeneration;


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Stream regulation. Meadow and pastures amelioration.


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Succession and the next plant communities degradation, esp. those that require regular cutting and pasture. Water regime change.


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Imission (coal power station) Tourism, overstocks.


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The most part of the area is used by army and entry for public is impossible.


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Potentially inconvenient method of forest usage of the cultural stands in the site and its environment;


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Potentially by increasing of fishery and hunting; recreation:


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Potentially unconvenient pond management esp. mud disposal:


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Drenage of the adjacent meadows; increasing of fishery; disposal of reed beds; abundant management of meadows:


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Intensive agricultural activity in surroundings; succession and ruderalisation of wetland and mesophytic plant communities:


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The major part of the complex is used as a game preserve with breeding of fallow deer and wild boars that prevent the natural forest regeneration:


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Undesirable succession in case of lack of management:


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Drenage and tillage of adjacent piece of lands, abandoned meadows, more intensive fishery:


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Enormous number of tourists; destroy of water plant and animal communities and unconvenient succession due to the lack of water in river-bed of the Vltava river:


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Eutrophication; lack of traditional management of the whole floodplain and then undesirable succession:


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Lack of a traditional management of hay meadows, fertilization, changes of soil conditions:


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Imisions; erosion supported by tourism; climbing; introduction of non-native trees (Larix decidua, Pinus strobus):


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Succession of Phragmites australis and Alnus glutinosa:


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Abondened meadows; sediments of mud in fishponds; sediments from outgoing water polluted by the Sklopisek factory in Strelec going into Zehrovka river:


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Impact of air pollution; increasing of synanthropic plants; pinus mugho plantations (during 1960-1992 ca 30 % of area):


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Air pollution, synanthropic species, Pinus mugo palntations, tourism.


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Reptiles population is endangered by the the road traffic.


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Potentially in expanding activity in the near quarry:


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Taking out of drinking water, succession of reed on unmown meadows:


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Spolana Neratovice (air pollution) traffic on the near road ground water level


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Nothing serious, perhaps recreation and leasure time activities.


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Cement factory (air pollution), deforestation, recreation, ruderalization


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In high need of protection from bark beetle and immission impact:


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The disturbance and the rock-fall or landslide induced by human interference:


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The immission impact and forestry management:


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The bark beetle immission and recreation impact:


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Bark beetle attacks and windthrouw disaster:


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Windthrow disaster, bark beetle and immission impact, owergrowing peaty grasslands:


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Immission, bark beetle and recreation impact:


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Forest management, immission and recreation impact:


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Disturbance by visitors and landslide impact during forestry activities:


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High density of animals causes demage in trees regeneration (esp. fir):


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High density of animals, small area of the site and lost of the fir vitality:


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Air pollution, commercial forestry and recreation impact


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Change of the water regime in the region.


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Succession in non-forest habitats, mild eutrophication from suburb:


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Progressive succession in unmown grasslands:


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Progressive succession of unmanaged grasslands, fishery:


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Chenges of water regime and chemistry, eutrophication, small water power stations, progressive succession in unmown meadows:


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Building activity, hunting, turism and leasure activity:


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Turism and succession (neglected management):


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Succession because of the neglected management, lower level of the ground water:


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Succession after water regime change, neglected management, meadows tillage:


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Succession after neglected management, meadows tillage, disturbance of water regime due to Dyje river regulation:


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Forestry management (monocultures establishment), construction buildings for recreation, unsufficient site management:


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Unsufficient forest management (natural seedings), leasure activity:


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Intensive orchards and vineyards in vicinity:


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Negligible, possibly recreation in localities Darko, Reka and near Stare Ransko village:


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Robinia invasion from vicinity, house depositions (litter):


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Dug and fish breeding, tillage, fertilization:


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Succession, chemism from fertilization, turism, forestry:


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Site influenced by agricultural activity; orchard:


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Robinia and shrubs invasion, rabbits gradation:


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Pollution from brown coal power plant in Zemianske Kostolany and chemical fabric in Novaky, tourism, forestry, re-open of quarry.


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Pollution from brown coal power plant in Zemianske Kostolany and chemical fabric in Novaky. - tourism


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Pollution from brown coal power plant in Zemianske Kostolany and chemical fabric in Novaky.


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The area is threatened by high touristic visitation.


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Possible damage as a result of output in the near growth, also increasing tracheomyosis.


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Threatened by high touristic visitation.


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Threatened by agricultur and other activities of the inhabitants of the hut nearby.


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Threatened by tourism, perspectively by extraction.


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Unsuitable economical forest interferences - industrial emission.


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Possible intensive pasturing - high tourist visitation - shrubs overgrowth.


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Intensive agriculture, livestock breeding - in the past concentration in this site, ruderalisation, illegal collection animals species, extinction of the village Cabrad, succession of open areas by acacia.


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Contact with a state road- pollution by car emissions and contamination by waste. Succession of alder trees on the peat bogs.


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Building of two railway tracks, uncontrolled, high overfertilization, utilization of heavy mechanisms, changes in the water regime - regulation of the flow of the Slatina stream.


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Successive development leading to lower diversity of species and biocoenoses diversity.


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Changes in the water regime, water pollution, waste dumps.


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Draining, backfilling, pollution by waste, change of culture.


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Succession of acacia. The closeness of village.


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Potential extraction of stone, forestry, succesion and forest plantation of open enclaves (e.g. acacia).


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Great influence of the surrouding agricultural landscape of the area, removal of bank growth, agricultural efforts to recultivate the surrounding fields, illegal waste dumps around the ponds.


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Threatened by high rate of tourism during the whole year (more from spring till late autuumn), secondary succession.


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Very much threatened by high rate of tourism, May - September.


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Threatened by tourism, (touristic route goes through the area). There potentially may occur an interest in raw material and forest product extraction.


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Tourism (marked hiking trail goes through the area) spontaneous overgrowth by succession.


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The site is threatened by intensive tourism, constant disturbing of the underground caves by hammering, by searching for opals, by using explosives, all this has a negative effect on the bat communities in quality as well as in quantity.


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Potential possibility of threat due to activities of forestry on the border of the area, very intensive tourism.


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The site is managed according to forestry plan created in cooperation of the organization of State Nature Protection, but the cutting of trees in the surrounding forests has a negative influence on the natural conditions of the site. The site is also threatened due to tourism a hiking path goes accross the site.


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The site is threatened by a quarry, by natural succession of shrubs and its result in decreasing abundance of rare plants species, air pollution from the mime mill, dumps of domestic waste, cattle grazing.


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Threatened by succesive process, by invasion of ruderal plant species (e.g. Sambucus ebulus).


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Threatened by succesion and by unpermited pasturing of sheep.


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Threatened by tourism and by stealing of endemic species mainly butterflies.


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Forestry cutting, human activities in the surroundings of the site, hiking in the ridge part.


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By emissions, recreation and building activities in the neighbourhood, by cattle raising and pasturing on the deforested mountain ridges near the Reserve.


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Part of site (rocky steppe and steppe) is threatened by succession changes (shrub growth, accumulation of dead plant material), expansion of ruderal elements (Sambucus ebulus, Robinia pseudoacacia), nearness of road, railway track and restoration of antifire belt in the Reserve.


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Threatened by emissions from distant sources, forest cutting.


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Threatened by forest cutting in the surrouding growths, plant cover of part of the site is damaged slightly during sport activities, closeness of sprawling settlements.


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High visiting, recreation, forest fruit collection and building near Reserve have negative influence on this site.


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The soils above the peat bog were drained, there is also a forest road going near the area. Due to this during low atmospheric rainfalls there is the danger of spreading of xerophilous communities.


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Succession - the site was drained in the past by canals. Occasional calamities on the trees by snow.


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Threatened by intensive tourism, mainly July - September, collecting of forest fruits (e.g. bilberry, cranberry etc.), not directly by air pollution, plant pests.


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Threatened by intensive tourism and collecting of forest fruits, July - September, indirectly by air pollution on forest growths.


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Threatened by cattle pasturing and crossing through the site, by succession. Alder trees were planted on some places in the past.


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Sucession, the area was drained partially in the past by canals, is in contact with the surrounding agricultural fields. Collection of forest fruits, (e.g. cranberries, mushrooms etc.).


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Part of the area influenced by succession, in the past draining canals were dug in the upper part of the site, intensive visitation in July - August, collection of forest fruits (e.g. cranberry, bilberry, etc.).


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Succession - xerophilous vegetation and communities, the area is in contact with the neighbouring private fields.


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Threatened sporadic tourism, without management it is threatened the succession of natural seeding trees (e.g. alder, spruce).


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Succession, the neighbouring fields were drained, small water income, depends on rainfalls. In contact with the neighbouring fields and road, picking up of forest fruits in the Klinske raselinisko National Nature Reserve.


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Threatened by commecial harvesting by entomologists - collection of threatened insects during June - August, partly by forestry, stealing of trees, collection of forest fruits (e.g. bilberry, cranberry, etc.).


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Fishing (Disturbing), soil management near the stream, water from the neighbouring villages without canal system, illegal cutting of trees.


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Threatened by intensive tourism (fishers, mushroom pickers) mainly in June - October, by forestry (mainly by processing of calamity wood) and by hunting.


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High intensity of tourism, fishing, hunting.


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The site is threatened by inteference to the hydrological regime of its surroundings. Certain threat is the intensive use of agricultural fields in the surroundings of the site.


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The site is threatened by frequent tourism, air pollution coming from other areas damaging mainly the forest growths.


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The locality is partly threatened by local harvesting of woods, due to which the character of the area is disturbed, the food base of Castor fiber is extinguisted.


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The area is threatened by intensive tourism. Potentially threatened by disrespect for the measures of protection in relation to the forest economy also the interest in andesite excavation.


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Little threatened relatively, only by tourists June-August. In the early spring danger of fires (tall dry herbs on the S slopes of Vihorlat).


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In the spring areas there is natural succession development, shrub willow invasion on bogs due to which the conditions for the development of peat bog communities is hardened. Not threatened by man.


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Rare plant species are threatened by man (tearing, stepping upon). The eastern part is threatened by hunting of boars. Stabilized water regime.


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Threatened parts of the forest communities due to overpopulation of deer, meadow communities by the succession of tall grasses and woods. The area with frequent tourism mainly in July and August.


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The area is without expressive threatening influences.


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The site is without threatening influences, provided that regular extensive cutting of grasses occurs every year.


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Threatened are meadow communities by succession of tall grasses and branches.


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Meadows communities are threatened by succession of the tall grass and by hikers.


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Forest growthes are threatened by global air pollution which is manifested by decreasing mosses and algaes in top parts. Mountain meadows (poloniny) are threatened by succession of the tall grasses.


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The site is without any expressive threatening influences.


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The site is without any expressive threat influences.


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Forest growthes are treatened by global air pollution and mountain meadows by succesion of the tall grosses.


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Threatened by the succession of the grass Molinia caerulea due to discontinuation of agriculture.


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Threatened by deer that damage the young fir, succession and by the mycorhiza of elm trees.


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In the 1960-s the Porec stream was regulated and deepened, which flows through the site of the Reserve. The result of this was the drying of fens, marshes and wet meadows, decreasing numbers of some rare species.


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Threat due to over-fishing, potential threat from building of dam waterworks and change of landuse.


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Presently threatened by over fishing, by unregulated recreation, by alluvial mining, potential threat by building continuation of waterworks and by change of land use.


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Water and forest economy, hunting and other methods of recreational utilization of the area.


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After the building of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros waterworks dam the site is threatened by decreasing of underground water level, by using of insecticides against mosquitos, by angling and fishing, by water economy and by intensive agriculture.


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Natural succession, defiliation by wild waste dumps, defiliation of the land by agricultural production.


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Poplar monoculture planting, the drop of water level due to the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros waterwork, fishing, angling and hunting.


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Agricultural production on the surrounding fields.


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Water regime, poachery, the burning down of reeds, contamination of the marginal areas. Close to the site there is a fish farm.


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Reinforcing of Danube bank due to Gabcikovo-Nagymaros water work by hunting, by poaching, by illegal cutting of trees.


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The site is threatened by shortage of water and by selling of territory to private people.


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Not sufficient water regime, eutrophication of the water, recreation near the city.


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Negative influences of some sorts of recreational activities.


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Soil erosion, application of chemicals in the surrounding agricultural fields, the spreading of weed plants, planting of unsuitable trees.


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Very threatened by the manipulation of the water regime.


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Threatened by the growth of unhalomorph flora due to the draining of the surrounding fields and the stopping of pasturing.


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After a proclamation of this area as a State Nature Reserve from 30.10.1976, it is not such attacked (e.g. by digging of stones) as in the past. In present time site vulnerability is by hunting and fishing.


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The site is attacked by different human activities, (e.g. angling, unlawful fishing and hunting, water polution, car driving through the Reserve, unlawful letting out of the pond).


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The locality is threatened by tree succession, illegal taking of land for vineyards and gardens, dumps of communal waste, taking of the lands for military purposes.


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The site is threatened by the succession of trees and scrubs (especially by acacia from the neighbouring forest), by the nearby dump of domestic waste, illegal crossing by agricultural machines through the protected area.


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The locality is threatened by the spreading of house building on the bank of the river branch, by the intervention with water regime, cutting and burning out of the bank growth, by planting unsuitable trees on the banks (canadian poplar). Defiliation of the area by waste and stocking of materials, by chemical agricultural spraying.


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The locality is threatened by great pressure of farmers for the recultivation of meadows in the area, by non legal dumps of different waste, by the use of chemicals in agricultural production on the borders of the area.


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At the present the Tajba is nearly without water due to the drought in the last years, there were two great fires in 1994 that greatly disturbed the bank and the swamp vegetation. The site was contaminated by crude oil accident from a neighbouring company, there is a danger of contamination by chemicals from the neighbouring agricultural fields.


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Site belongs to the low threatened areas. Incorrect direction of forestry in conditions of new ownership relations.


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Threatened mainly by felling of trees, burning and reclaiming interferences in surroundings.


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Agricultural activities, reclamational interference, waste (closeness of intravillans).


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Forest use, including the feeling of old forests, hunting, construction:


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Hunting, construction near the areas rich in biological diversity:


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Tourism, including cave visits, constriction works:


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Exposed to industrial pollution of air, pollution of rivers by mining wastes on the part of territory, turistic pressure, pasture (esp. goats):


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Tourism, construction of facilities for tourist visits:


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Tourism, construction of the facilities for tourist visits. Capturing the springs of the underground river:


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Household pollution, draining of the terrain, killing of the amphibians:


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In need of protection from feeling of old forests, hunting, construction works:


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Grazing; total drainage of the Dragomansko fen:


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Drying, probably due to anthropogene activities:


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Turism, incl. turist facilities construction:


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Construction works, proximity to the capital, feelings:


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Intensive forestry, hunting, building construction, mining and industrial pollution from adjacent areas:


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Invasion from surroundings, negativ influence from the agricultural activity in vicinity:


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Chemicals from the surrounding fields, shrubs invasion:


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Bad water quality (botulism), change of hydrological condition, intensiv fishery:


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Swimming pool in a part and partly litter depositions, sand siltation and reed bed succession:


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Water stream regulation, sand digging, recreation:


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River stream regulation, lower level of underground water, unconvenient forest management:


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Hydrological changes, intensive fishery, fish and dug breeding:


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Chemical residua from the near agricultural activity:


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succession on dry grasslands with lack of pasture planting of strange woods (pines etc.), spontaneous spreading of Robinia pseudacacia, fertilizers from the near fields


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fertilizers and pesticides from fields, succession, Robinia pseudacacia and Calamagrostis epigeion invasion


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overstock, Robinia pseudacacia invasion, succession, planting of the strange wood species.


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succession, ground water level derogation


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Forestry activity in surroudings of site, high level of tourism.


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Disturbance, restoration of the railway.


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Agriculture, (pasture, burning). Forestry - wood production, planting of non-native species. Tourism.


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Intensive tourism - a touristic route accross the area, also an educational path.


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Forestry in the area, one marked touristic route goes through the area.


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Traffic - closeness of state road and railway (Tisovec - Brezno). (In 1993 - Part of the area burned down during ground fire).


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Forestry removing and transporting of trees.


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Threatened by high tourism rate, illegal tree cutting.


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Presence of emissions from distant sources. A hiking trail through the clough of the Velky Sokol disturbes mainly the fauna.


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Area disturbed by road traffic and somewhat by local inhabitants, who defile the stream and the valley part of the reserve. At some places there is illegal cutting of trees.


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Tourism, road traffic and railway transport.


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Intensive road and railway traffic between Margecany and Cervena Skala.


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Livestock pasturing, economical water modifications, the collecting of Drosera sp. for utilization in medicine.


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The area is not disturbed by any negative influences at this time. The forests on its southern borders are included in protected, and on the northern borders are categorized as h-type Designed forests where only selective forestry occurs.


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Potential restoration of the quarry, uncontrolled visitation, cattle crossing, recultivation in the near surroundings.


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Threatened by agricultural activities in the alluvial floodplain - changes of cultures, draining.


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Threatened by secondary succession, in the past by deforestation.


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Threatened by intensive tourism and transportation, mainly from April till October and by the stabilization of mantle rocks and secondary succession.


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Threatened by a near by rock quarry and a factory producing lime from limestone, also by secondary succession.


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Average threat by tourism, mainly in May and June. Mortality of the forest growths.


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The area is threatened by random tourism, pasturing, cutting of trees, planting of monocultures, recultivation, by the influence of the surrounding industrial activities - emission (Slovinky, Krompachy).


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The area is managed according to the Requirements for forest economy made by representatives of Nature protection, the area is under pressure due to tourism.


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The area is managed according to the forestry plan created in agreement with the State nature protection. The area is threatened by a colony of private gardens on the foot of the hill (2 fires during the last years) and by tourism.


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Intensive visitation, collecting, shrubs succession, houses building - gardens.


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Threatened by the surrounding castle and intensive tourism.


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Occasional tourism, mountain climbing, cave researches.


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Part of the area around the castle of Ostry Kamen is threatened by tourism from June - to August.


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The original owners harvested and stacked hav. The present owner of the agricultural farm does not do that so it leads to the succession of trees, some parts were reforested resuting in the diversity decreasing of the meadows.


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30% is threatened by tourism and 15% by afforestation in the past.


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Partial reforestation with Pinus nigra and its succession.


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Stabile growthes, on a small area planting of Pinus nigra.


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Partially threatened by tourism, danger of creation of fires.


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Part of the National Nature Monument is threatened by the planting of Pinus nigra and Pinus silvestris.


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Part of the area is threatened by the planting of non-native Pinus nigra and Fraxinus ornus, resulting in degradation of the undergrowth. There is no planting at the present.


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Tourism, pollution, forestry, illegal digging up of threatened plants and illegal collecting of threatened invertebrates.


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Threatened by high volume of tourism, manly on April-June.


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The site is threatened by nearness of city aglomeration, in southern part is situated abandoned quarry.


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Nearness of quarry - output of dolomite stones.


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The site is threatened on the upper part by tourism.


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The area was threatened by agricultural activities on the surrounding pastures, mainly by the barriers created for the livestock. Currently the barriers do not function. Threatened by successive changes - shrub overgrowth, expansion of Phragmites australis.


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The area is less threatened by tourism as a result of eliminating hiking trail in 1983. Sporadically visited, some human intervention (puting a cross on the top, plant collecting, etc.).


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Threatened by the development of secondary succession (growing of shrubs, cumulation of biomass, penetration of mesophilous and nitrophilous species), by high rate of visiting, cultivation of neighboring fields.


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Due to the variety of reliefs, the area is difficult for human activities. The growth on the mountain ridge is slightly influeuced by remote imissions.


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Threatened by intensive hiking mainly near the hiking paths.


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Intensive hiking, mainly during the summer, in the immediate neighbourhood of the protected area are chalets, output activities.


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The peaks are threatened by tourism visitation in the vegetational period.


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Potential hazard due to natural calamities and tourism.


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Forestry in surroundings. Privatisation of woods and cutting, trying to forest the grasslands with xero-thermophilous vegetation.


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A long-range transport of emmissions, tourism, entry of cars on forest roads, over-multiplying of forest pests, afforestation by non-native seedling plants, especially at the end of avalanche grooves with native non-forest vegetation, using the territory for hunting management.


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Tourism, (cable-way, ski-lifts), a long-range transport of emmissions, unsuitable way of afforestation.


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Tourism in border parts, illegal cutting. Project of highway construction in the Vah River.


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Long-range emmissions (54% in III. and IV. grade), alpineskiing, tourism, plucking of forest fruits - mass (collective), hunting, plantation of dwarfed pines, grazing of cattle.


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A long-range transport of emmissions, tourism, erosion, disturbance of animals, planting of spruce in the lowest elevation, illegal cutting.


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Overgrowing by natural self-seeding, plugging the bores, passing by cars, grazing and watering the cattle (individual).


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A long-range transport of emmissions, tourism, illegal cutting, illegal alpineskiing and mountaineering, illegal harvesting of forest fruits, pasturing (grazing) on the boundary of the Reserve.


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Tourism, pasturing (grazing) at present expelled from this site.


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Threatened by emissions, drinking water source, un-coordinated cave research, tourism, cliff climbing.


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In the non forested marginal area disturbance of the soils by pasturing, influence of pollutants in the peaks, non coordinated cave research, contamination by waste from the cottage under Borisov.


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Emissions, tourism, disturbance of the vegetational cover by cattle crossing on the mariginal part of the site.


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Succession, collection of the protected plants, negative influence of the class 1 road situated close to site, in the past - peat output.


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Threatened by intensive tourism, mainly in May-August.


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Threatened by intensive tourism, defiliation of water flows by different domestic waste, illegal dumps.


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Threatened by intensive tourism, forest economical activities and by hunting.


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A frequent tourist path runs through the area. The area was a pasture in the past.


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Ecosystems in a part of National Nature Reserve are changed by the construction of a road and a cottage. Due to the construction of the cottage, the site of Linnea borealis has disappeared.


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Groves are almost undisturbed by human activities.


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The middle part is influenced by alder forestry, in past the area was a pasture.


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The site was disturbed by the construction of hotel near Popradske Pleso and additional disturbances result from excessive tourism.


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Ecosystems were disturbed by sheep pasture in past, till the close of range path in 1978, a vegetation cover was trodden down in several places, which result in erosion.


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High rate of visitation, proximity of living areas


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Threatened by emissions, high rate of tourism, harvesting of forest fruits.


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Threatened by emissions, tourism and recreation, harvesting of forest fruits.


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Threatened by missions, harvesting of herbs (Cetraria Islandica) and forest fruits.


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Touristic and recreation activities, car traffic.


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Minimal influence of tourism, cattle breeding.


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The area is threatened by tourism, cattle pasturing, wood output.


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Contamination of the river, damage of the banks during cattle crossing and watering, planned reconstruction of small water plants, not functional fish paths on the lower part, ploughing close to river-bed, poaching, total cutting of the woods near the river.


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Succesion, mining activities in the mearly (dust fall, building of a road near the area).


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A minimal influence of tourism (picking up mushrooms).


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In the past the grove was damaged by pasturing and sheep folding near National Nature Reserve.


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A drier part of the area was extensivelly exploited for agricultural mowing and occasional pasturing.


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Exploiting of travertine, high visitation, mountaineering, illegal cutting.


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The site is threatened by intensive tourism and by agricultural activities - pasturing of cattle, fertilizing, burning of grass. Threatened to some degree, by the state road No. E18, in the immediate closeness of the area, also possible rebuilding of springs.


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Non-utilization of unforested areas - succesion of shrubs and alder woods.


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Forest use, hunting, building construction.


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Grazing, agriculture, hunting and fishing, fish farms:


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Riverbank corrections, draining and water pollution, hunting:


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Draining and agriculture, hunting and building construction:


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Agriculture, huntining, grazing, forestry works:


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Construction works, mining and stone-pits, agricultural activities, incl. goat pasture, underground and river water pumping, forest exploitation, collection of medicinal plants, increasing tourist pressure:


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Increasing tourist pressure, housing, fishing and hunting. Forestry works:


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Tourism, heavy motorway traffic, building construction, disturbance of the hydrologycal regime, hunting; proximity to touristic centres:


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Heavy automobile traffic, touris pressure during the summer season. Illegal hunting and construction activities are always a potential danger:


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Proximity to a big city, oil rafinery and major motorways. Illigel hunting mostly in winter:


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Proximity to fishing harbour and tourist centre, archeological activity:


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Industrial and household pollution, hunting and fishing:


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Proximity to a big town, major roads and an airport, traditional salt production methods could be modernized, illegal hunting:


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Changing of the traditional salt production methods could be dangerous. Tourism:


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Grazing, agriculture, tourism and water pollution:


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Sand extraction and building construction, tourism, household pollution:


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Forest use, hunting, tourism, building along the coast:


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Disturbance of hydrological regime. Agriculture and destruction of sand dunes in adjacent areas. Proximity to seacost resorts:


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Industrial pollution, sea-ports, hunting and fishing:


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Tourism, building construction, hunting and forestry:


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Underground water pumping, ploughing of the secondary steppes, illegal hunting during winter:


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Eutrophycation, hunting and fishing, agricultural pollution (arable farming):


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Building construction, tourism and hunting:


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Proximity to settlements, gathering of plants of decorative value. The climate change (aridization) is a cause of the withering of the horse chestnut trees:


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Tourist visits disturb the bat colonies:


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Eutrophycation, disturbance of the water regime, fishing:


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Hunting, fishing and disturbance of nesting birds:


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Illegal fishing and disturbance of breeding birds:


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Forest use, hunting, proximity to settlements:


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Drying up of the fish-ponds, hunting and fishing:


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Proximity to settlements and industrial centres, hunting, meadows ploughing, stone-pits:


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Forest use, hunting, industrial pollution of the Yantra river, industrial fishing:


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Proximity to a big town, gathering of plants and visitor disturbance:


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Tourist visits, forestry, hunting and stock farming:


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Grazing and limited tourism and leisure:


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Human disturbance of the bat colony. Building activities around the cave's entrance:


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Forestry, growing of poplar plantations, dike construction, hunting and industrial fishing:


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Agricultural activities, including goat pasture, construction works, hunting:


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Industrial pollution of the river. Fishing and hunting:


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Felling, construction works, hunting and forestry works:


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Felling, ploughing up the meadows, construction works:


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Chemical pollution of the surrounding arable lands (the foraging habitat of bats) due to pesticide use. Uncontroled visits to the cave during the natal period. Goat pasture in the surrounding areas:


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Proximity to settlements, uncontrolled tourist visits:


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In special need of protection against stone and gravel quarries, building construction, uncontrolled speleo-tourism. Hunting:


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Human disturbance. There is a potential danger of blocking the cave entrance. The cave is used as a water reservoir:


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Uncontrolled tourist visits. Water pumping and attempts for electrification of the cave in the past are still a potential danger to the bat colonies:


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Uncontrolled visits. Human disturbance of the bat colonies:


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Industrial and household pollution of the Danube river. Hunting and fishing. Disturbance of the nesting birds:


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Hunting and fishing. Cutting and burning of reeds. Fish farming:


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Forestry works and tree plantations, fishing and hunting. Industrial and household pollution of the Danube river:


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Forest succession, tourism, proximity to settlements, hunting:


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The site is adjacent to the town of Ivaylovgrad and is used as a town park. Building of electricity poles. Intense human presence:


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Forestry, hunting. A major transportation corridor to Greece planned through the area. Building construction and intense traffic are a potential danger:


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Industrial and household pollution, uncontrolled fishing and hunting:


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Industrial, farming and household pollution, riverbank corrections, water pumping, hunting:


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The area is threatened by pollution (chemical plant). Disturbance to the site due to forest labours.


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Improvement and exploatation of the peatbogs threaten the site.


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Agricultural pollution, drainage and road construction threaten the site. W 1993 roku 400ha sprzedano w prywatne rêce. Za³o¿ono tu plantacjê trzciny; zniszczono m.in. olbrzymie p³aty Myrica gale i siedliska lêgowe wodniczki, która do tego roku wystêpowa³a w liczbie 40-60 œpiewajacych samców.


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Pollution and eutrophication (sewage from hotel/guest-houses, agricultural effluent).


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Drainage of areas surrounding the site is a potential threat. Pollution and eutrophication are existing problems.


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Disturbance to the site due to angling and in some seasons due to hay-making;:


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Disturbance due to hunting, haymaking and cattle-grazing.


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Agricultural, industrial, and sewage pollution; hunting pressure.:


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The site is difficult to access; however, activities in adjacent areas may threaten the site. On German side the development of petrochemical industry in Schwedt and a paper-mill is planned. There are threats of agricultural and sewage pollution. Hunting, angling and poaching pressure.


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Drainage, eutophication and recreation affect the site.


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Tourist pressure; exploitation of forests.


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Pollution from agricultural sources is a problem.


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Pollution from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. Secondary pollution arising from effluent entering the Odra further upstream; zmiana stosunków wodnych i w³asnoœci wody; ¿egluga.


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Kserotermiczne murawy rezerwatu Bielinek nad Odr¹ zarastane sa przez Robinia pseudacaccia i Prunus fruticosa; wchodzenie gatunków mezofilnych.:


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Threat of pollution by chemical plant (Police).:


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Pollution with municipal sewage; the surrounding area was drained in the fifties and sixties.


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Some wetland areas in the vicinity of the Park have been drained; the cessation of grazing caused a reduction in the breeding populations of some waders, pollution of rivers feeding the Park lakes.


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Natural deterioration of old trees resulted in the disappearance of Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis and greatly reduced numbers of Ardea cinerea.


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Eksploatacja kruszywa, podjêta w najp³ytszych miejscach ³awicy unicestwi istniej¹c¹ biocenozê; po³owy w³okami dennymi; zerwane sieci propylenowe.


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notuje siê przypadki k³usownictwa; niekontrolowany (i pog³êb.) przekop do jeziora M¹tasek w niektóre lata powoduje obni¿enie lustra wody. Eutrofizacjê jeziora przyspieszaj¹ nawozy sp³ukiwane z pól.


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w s¹siedztwie ostoi znajduje siê ¿wirownia i uczêszczana szosa;


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Nasilaj¹ca siê turystyka; rozprzestrzenianie siê zabudowy (domki letniskowe); zaprzestanie u¿ytkowania mokrych ³¹k na przesmykach prowadz¹ce do inwazji zaroœli wierzbowych i olszyn; nieuregulowana gospodarka wodno-œciekowa. The greatest threat is tourism and other forms of recreation as well as pollution of water by municipal sewages and field runoff (fertilizers runoff).


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Torfowisko jest odwadniane i nara¿one na trwa³e obni¿enie poziomu wody; w s¹siedztwie du¿o campingów i terenów rekreacyjno-sportowych;


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Main threat is forest management and drainage of peat-bogs.


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Najwiêkszym zagro¿eniem dla lêgowych siewkowców jest zbyt niska intensywnoœæ wypasu, co prowadzi do sukcesji zbiorowisk wysokich traw, zw³aszcza trzciny. W efekcie gniazdowe siewkowce opuszczaj¹ teren. The greatest threat to Beka meadows is too low intensity of grazing, which favours the succession of tall grasses, above all reed; as a result nesting Charadriiformes, e.g. Calidris alpina abandon the site.


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Greatest threats to nesting birds are penetration of the area by people (in the breeding season), eutrophication of lakes and clearing of trees and shrubs; particularly dangerous is intense building of lake margins for recreational purposes.


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Udokumentowano postêpuj¹cy zanik gatunków œwiat³o- i ciep³olubnych. G³ówn¹ przyczyn¹ jest stabilizacja i zalesianie zboczy doliny Wis³y oraz niew³aœciwa gospodarka leœna (g³ównie nasadzenia Robinia pseudacacia i wprowadzenie sosny Pinus sylvestris na siedliska gr¹du. W drzewostanach sosnowych nast¹pi³ madmierny rozwój warstwy krzewów. Potencjalne zagro¿enie stanowi projektowana budowa zapory wodnej na Wiœle w Opaleniu, co doprowadziæ mo¿e do ca³kowitego zniszczenia siedlisk na dnie doliny i w dolnej czêœci zboczy.


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Dyskutowany projekt stabilizacji klifu w Jastrzêbiej Górze.


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Na skutek zalesienia wydmy szarej zmniejsza siê powierzchnia naturalnych zbiorowisk psammofilnych, w pobli¿u miejscowoœci natê¿ony ruch turystyczny oraz budowa domów letniskowych, lokalnie intensywna, naturalna abrazja morska.;


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Zbiorowiska ³¹kowe nara¿one s¹ na niekorzystne zmiany z powodu sztucznego obni¿enia poziomu wody w czêœci rezerwatu oraz braku lub niew³aœciwego koszenia. Wymagaj¹ bardzo starannej, ci¹g³ej czynnej ochrony.


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Dno doliny w znacznej czêœci odwadniane przez system rowów melioracyjnych, czêœæ pó³naturalnych, "dzikich" ³¹k zamieniona na intensywne u¿ytki zielone;


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silna presja rekreacyjna; zrzut œcieków z oczyszczalni w Dêbogórzu kana³em Zagórskiej Strugi; nadmierne nawo¿enie niektórych ³¹k;


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Pollution arising from domestic and industrial effluents; the mass drowning of waterflow in fishing nets.


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œcieki z mleczarni w Pieniê¿nie; wypas byd³a; po³ów ryb ze wzglêdu na wydeptywanie roœlinnoœci brzegowej; turystyka.


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Heavy pollution by agricultural and industrial effluent, hunting activity in the environs of reserve.


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Brak zalewów powoduje zamianê siedlisk ³êgowych w gr¹dowe.


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Threats to the site are numerous: vanishing of lakes due to stream channels deepening overgrowing and silting of reservoirs; water pollution; overbuilding of the lake shores for recreational purposes; intensive exploatation of forests with destruction of old stands; uncontrolled development of tourist facilities in the area; harvesting of forest berries; hunting, poaching, burning of dry vegetation in spring, cutting of arboreus vegetation amidst fields and meadows; intense vehicular traffic.


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Lake Sasek Ma³y polluted by sewage; intensive forestry including afforestation of bogs and wet meadows also threatens the area


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Eksploatacja lasów, rozprzestrzenianie siê norki amerykañskiej;


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The area is threatened by the felling of mature trees, by drainage of wet and swampy wooded areas and by recreation pressure;:


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Part of area is cultivated; there is a threat of drainage and intensification of reed exploitation. In the neighbourhood of meadows there is planned a housing estate.


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The site is affected by pollution of River Gaæ; other problems include the deterioration of aquatic vegetation (possibly due to acid rains), afforestration of the adjacent pastures and at the same time cutting of scrub protecting lake against fertilizer runoff. In the immediate vicinity of the lake there are established plantation of fruit shrubs.


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In the canal fish are cought by means of poaching technique. Stabilization of water-level in the area is needed.


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Forest labours may adverselly affect species nesting in mature stands; intense forest cutting;


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Postêpuj¹cy proces degradacji torfowisk spowodowany zmianami systemu zasilaj¹cego je w wodê; penetracja przez ludzi i zwierzêta gospodarskie; rozdeptywanie i nasilenie erozji wodnej stromych zboczy; wypalanie szuwarów.


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There are plans to drain the site. The imminent threat is overbuilding for recreational purposes;


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wydeptywanie, rozkopywanie gleby przez wêdkarzy;


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The whole area is used for intensive forestry which may adversely affect birds nesting in nature stands.


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Najwiêksze zagro¿enia to: ruch turystyczny - szczególnie sporty wosne, chemizacja rolnictwa, intensywna gospodarka rybacka.


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1) The river is threatened with pollution. It has been observed that beavers which formerly inhabited the river from Suwa³ki to State border gradually move towards the east. 2) Certain areas of the site are rather scarce in winter food resources for beavers.


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Burning of grasses in spring; owners of a not protected part are planning further drainage of the area.


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Waters of Romincka Forests are threatened with pollution (agricultural effluents).


Text:
There are problems with siltation and water pollution (influx of polluted waters from Œniardwy lake). Other threats are poaching and tourist pressure.


Text:
Threats are intensive drainage at the site margins, exploatation of reed and increasing penetration of the area by bird watchers attracred by concentration of cranes. The are plans to exploit here bog lime, which may destroy the site.


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Due to drainage labours (in 70s) anf intensive water intake from Oœwinka (beyond the boundary of Poland) the water table of the lake dropped by ca 1m. This conducted to changes in vegetation and, in consequence, to the impoverishment of ornithofauna. In 1993 a weir was constructed on Oœwinka to lift waters of lake. However, the lake is, as before threatened by eutrophication due to fertilizer and herbicide runoff from agricultural land.


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Zagro¿enie stanowi nadmierna penetracja przez turystów (sporty wodne), a tak¿e zmiany w u¿ytkowaniu terenów przyleg³ych do jeziora.


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The site is threatened with water deficit> In dry years (e. g. 1989 - 1993) when floods are less intense or when there are no floods habitat conditions for birds drastically change. The refuge becomes unatractive for birds, there occur serious losses in hatches. Further threat is penetration of the area by anglers, bird watchers and photographers. Hunting in the vicinity and mowing are at tolerable level. Cattle grazing must be maintained, but grazing of geese threaten the site.


Text:
Felling operations in forests and digging of over-deep drainage channels;


Text:
turystyka, ha³as, zagospodarowywanie podziemi, badania naukowe, wiercenia, prace odwadniaj¹ce, zamurowywanie otworów wentylacyjnych;:


Text:
osuszanie zabagnionych terenów; powaznie zanieczyszczona rzeka; wycinanie olszy;


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Disturbance from tourists. Three the biggest lakes: S³awa, Tarnowskie Du¿e i Tarnowskie Ma³e are for recreation.


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Sk³adowanie na jednej z grobli œmieci i nawozów sztucznych, p³oszenie ptaków przez myœliwych; zaburzenie stosunków wodnych;


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Disturbance during the breeding period; hunting during the period of autumn migrations; there is increased water pollution due to the inflow of sewage upstream of the site;


Text:
Eutrofizacja wód i zmiana sposobu u¿ytkowania stawów.


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eutrofizacja wód, zniszczenie biotopu w wyniku zmniany sposobu u¿ytkowania;:


Text:
discrimination some fish-eating spacies of bird - A. cinerea, Ph. carbo.


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Forests are threatened by pests and fire; Intensive forestry.


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Fertilizer runoff from adjacent fields accelerates the eutrophication of lakes.


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Birds are threatened with removal of reed and mowing of grass on dikes in breeding season.


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Potential threat of drainage and clearance of trees and bushes.:


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eksploatacja torfu, kredy, piasku; zagro¿enie eutrofizacja siedlisk oligotroficznych.


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Drainage and the use of fertilizers in the surruonding areas - lower water level and eutrophization


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Threats are: mowing of the rush vegetation in breeding season, draining ponds in winter, and intense hunting.


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sukcesja olchy i wierzb - zacienienie prowadzace do zmniejszania siê area³u brzozy niskiej: 1986 r. - 1150 m kwadratowych; 1993 r. - 500 m kwadratowych;


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There is a potential threat of draining and rebulding of river bed. Birds are distured due to intense penetration of the site by hunters and anglers.


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The site is threatened with drought. In dry summer 1983 marshes completely went dry.


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Drainage of the marshes is the main problem.:


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Threat of drainage; overgrowing with bushes, what has affected especially the open landscape species.


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Intensive forestry; Alnus woods are threatened by drainage;


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zagro¿eniem ostoi jest osuszanie terenów s¹siaduj¹cych oraz brak wypasu na istniej¹cych ³¹kach;:


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Brak przeplawek dla ryb (istniej¹ca nie spe³nia swojego zadania)


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The main threat is drainage (already done and planned).;


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Exploatation of wood causes the degradation of the nesting habitat of larger birds.


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The most suitable for birds - northern part of the site - is threatened with destruction (cutting reeds, elimination of small islands etc.)


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Ostoi zagra¿aj¹: odwodnienie i osuszenie (liczne kana³y przyœpieszajace sp³yw wód powierzchniowych, k³usownictwo i konsekwencje zaniechania niektórych form upraw. Human activities include hay production and grazing of livestock. Cessation of grassland cultivation would threaten breeding waders.


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Less than 10% of the area is used as pasture/hay meadows. Scrub invasion may threaten nesting habitats for waders.


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zmiany stosunków wodnych; zabudowa obrzeza doliny; k³usownictwo; plany inwestycji (most, zbiornik wodny)


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Stosunkowo ma³y teren po³o¿ony blisko du¿ej miejscowoœci (Wizna), ró¿ne formy wypoczynku, s¹siedztwo zmeliorowanego kompleksu Bagno Wizna.


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pog³êbianie siê procesów, które rozpoczê³y siê po zmeliorowaniu terenu (odwodnienie, wchodzenie roœlinnoœci antropogenicznej), k³usownictwo, wydobycie torfu;


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Zmiany stosunków wodnych (osuszanie pozosta³ych torfowisk); rabunkowa gospodarka leœna; k³usownictwo; zalesianie muraw sosn¹.


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synantropizacja flory, zniszczenie podszytu i runa ciê¿kim sprzêtem u¿ywanym do zrywki drewna pochodz¹cego z ciêæ sanitarnych.


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Intensywna gospodarka leœna, osuszanie terenów podmok³ych i zanieczyszczanie wód to podstawowe zagro¿enia dla przyrody Puszczy Knyszyñskiej.:


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Zagro¿eniem ostoi jest dzia³alnoœæ ludzka polegaj¹ca na regulacji rzeki, która spowodow³a obni¿enie stanów wody w korycie i na terenach przyleg³ych. Wkroczenie na te osuszone tereny upraw rolnych spotêgowa³o zagro¿enie. Human activities include cattle-grazing, haymaking, angling and hunting. Drainage works in the surrounding areas affect badly the site.:


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Zagro¿eniem ostoi jest obni¿anie siê poziomu wód gruntowych i postêpuj¹cy zanik u¿ytkowania rolniczego. Ostoja jest zagro¿ona przez obni¿anie poziomu wody gruntowej i przejmowanie terenów pod uprawy rolne.


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The greatest threat to the site is lowering of ground water table due to repeated from time to time drainage works.


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In the neighbourhood there is a big place of exploiting of peat. Vast areas of valley peat-bogs have been drained and turned into meadows. W sasiedztwie rezerwatu torf jest eksploatowany na du¿¹ skalê.


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Najwiêksze zagro¿enia dla tutejszej awifauny stwarzaj¹ obwa³owania i odcinanie starorzeczy od wspó³czesnego koryta rzeki oraz zabudowa doliny i rozwój inwestycji zwiazanych z rekreacj¹. Zanieczyszczenie wód, melioracje, tamy zaporowe, k³usownictwo, trasy szybkiego ruchu, przebudowa drzewostanów w kierunku monokultur sosnowych.


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Najwieksze zagrozenia dla tutejszej przyrody stwarzaja wedkowanie obwalowania rzeki i odcinanie starorzeczy od wspólczesnego koryta oraz zabudowa doliny i rozwój inwestycji zwiazanych z rekreacja. zalesianie; odprowadzanie wody ze starorzeczy; turystyka grupowa; wedkowanie obwalowania rzeki i odcinanie starorzeczy od wspólczesnego koryta oraz zabudowa doliny i rozwój inwestycji zwiazanych z rekreacja.


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gospodarka ³¹kowa, stadniny koni, melioracje, spadek poziomu wód, eutrofizacja wód; w lasach grabienie sció³ki, wydeptywanie, zaœmiecanie;:


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The fish farmers want to clear as much of the vegetation as possible, and to control fish-eating birds. Zagro¿enie ostoi zwi¹zane jest z usuwaniem roœlinnoœci szuwarowej i têpieniem ptaków rybo¿ernych na stawach, a tak¿e wypalaniem ³¹k i ich zaorywaniem.


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Zarastanie oczek wodnych, sukcesja na torfowisku, regulacja stosunków wodnych - istnieje rów odwadniaj¹cy; wêdkowanie;


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Greatest threat are drainage operations carried on in the surrounding areas, as well as pertnent destroying of the weir on Mogielnica. Other threats is field run-off, burning of vegetation in spring and poacking.


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The area is threatened by further drainage.


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uncontrolled tourism; acts of vandalism;


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Zagro¿eniem ostoi jest rekreacja i turystyka, w sezonie letnim przebywa tu kilkadziesi¹t tysiêcy turystów. Main threat is recreation and tourism. Ponadto zagro¿enie stwarza palenie i wycinanie trzcin, polowania, prace w otaczaj¹cych jez. lasach.


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The main threat are considerable fluctuations of water table, destroying nests and conducing to gradual dissapperance of shore vegetation.


Text:
Threats to the area are connected with already done and planned regulation of hydrological conditions (drainage, embankments, Jeziorsko retention reservoir), changes in farming (replacement of extensive methods of husbandry by intensive ones, conversion of meadows into fields, mechanization of farming labours), increased penetration by man (poaching). The critical threat is elimination of spring floods as a result of the construction of Jeziorsko reservoir. To restore periodical floods and maintain favourable for birds conditions in the valley, an appropriate management of water flow in the Jeziorsko reservoir is needed.


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Ostoja le¿y w bezpoœrednim s¹siedztwie terenów o najwy¿szym poziomie uprzemys³owienia i urbanizacji w woj. koniñskim co powoduje nap³yw ró¿nego rodzaju zanieczyszczeñ powietrza, wody i ziemi.


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"...obiekt po³o¿ony w bezpoœrednim zasiêgu wp³ywu g³ónych Ÿróde³ uci¹¿liwoœci dla wód powierzchniowychi wg³êbnych oraz dla ziemi...


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Dalsze odwodnienia, zmianyc wykorzystania gruntów, wycinanie roslinnoœci


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zmiany hydrologiczne, intensyfikacja u¿ytkowania ³¹k - szczególnie nawo¿enie i póŸne koszenie traw;


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Wszystkie zabiegi gospodarcze na stawach prowadzi siê bez uwzglêdnienia okresów i miejsc lêgowych ptaków. Na terenie ³¹k prowadzone s¹ powierzchniowe odwodnienia oraz poszukiwania gazu ziemnego. W niektórych miejscach na obrze¿u doliny torfowe pod³o¿e zosta³o silnie zdegradowane, a ³¹ki przekszta³ca siê stopniowo w pola orne.


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The birds are threatened by fish-farming carried on without respect to their nesting period and breeding places. In autumn the site is a hunting ground.


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Stwierdzono, ¿e przy ca³kowitym nape³nieniu zbiornika obni¿a siê bogactwo gatunkowe awifauny. Po¿¹dane by³oby nie zalewanie rozleg³ych ³¹k w po³udniowej czêœci zbiornika.


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Relatively strong anthropopressure; human settlements are no more than 1 km from the river, on both sides of the river - in near proximity there extends agricultural land, the river and its environs are used as recreational area.


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Hunting pressure; fish-eating birds are shoot.


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Fish-farmers shoot some species of fish-eating birds.


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Fish-farmers want to reduce this areas of reeds and to control fish-eating birds; hunting pressure;


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This forest complex is situated between two large urban aglomerations and it is threatened with mass tourism and recreation. Do wód Rawki wprowadzane s¹ cora wieksze iloœci œcieków.


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Hunting pressure; fish-farmers want to reduce the areas of reeds, and fish-eating bird are shoot.


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P³oszenie, zabijanie zwierzyny, zaœmiecanie, zagro¿enie po¿arowe, niszczenie roœlin - ogólnie intensywna penetracja turystyczna i k³usownictwo.


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S¹siedztwo ogromnego wysypiska œmieci; penetracja terenu ostoi przez mieszkañców okolicznych osiedli podwarszawskich.


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Zanieczyszczenie powietrza; wzrastaj¹ca presja turystyczna; niszczenie gniazd ptaków drapie¿nych przez okoliczn¹ ludnoœæ; bardzo szybka sukcesja na terenach otwartych prowadz¹ca do zaniku wielu zbiorowiskanieleœnych, a co za tym idzie, ubo¿enie fauny parku; w ostatnich dziesiêcioleciach spadek poziomu lustra wód gruntowych o oko³o 2 m.


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Niepokojenie ptaków przez pas¹ce siê konie i byd³o oraz przez robotników zbierajacych siano. There is large-scale peat exploitation at the sector in Warsaw voivodship.


Text:
The area is threatened by planned regulation of the riverbed. There are long-term plans to convert this section of the river into a chain of reservoirs. Disturbance of birds in the breeding period from grazing. Devastation of riverside carrs.


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W latach 80-tych gniazdowa³o tu ok. 120 gatunków ptaków, obecnie awifauna uleg³a znacznemu zubo¿eniu na skutek odwodnienia w 1992 i 1993 r. najcenniejszych fragmentów doliny.


Text:
Poza rezerwatami przyrody teren podlega intensywnej gospodarce leœnej, notuje siê siln¹ eksploatacjê starych drzewostanów. Teren ten, jako kompleks leœny Kryñszczak, by³ ostoj¹ ptasi¹ o znaczeniu europejskim. W ci¹gu ostatnich 15 lat wyginê³o tu przynajmniej 7 gatunków ptaków (6 z list CORINE).


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Intensive cutting of older stands is most dangerous for all large birds. Construction of summer cottages and inereasing tourism (mainly in N and W parts) can have also some negative influence.


Text:
Zagro¿enie powodowane du¿ym stê¿eniem dwutlenku siarki w powietrzu; wyr¹b a zw³aszcza eksploatacja starych drzewostanów; obni¿enie poziomu wód gruntowych w efekcie robót melioracyjnych;


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Scrub-invasion may adversely affect the breeding waterfowl;


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Intensive forest management and farming;


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Intense fish-farming; some fish-eating birds are controlled outside the breeding season.


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Fish-eating birds are controlled. Eachyear ca 5-75 pairs of cormorants make nesting attampts; but only a colony up to 15 ind. are tolerated; other nests are destroyed.


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Fish-farming interests have a priority in the area. Numbers of birds feeding on fish are reduced; this concerns chiefly the cormorant and the common heron.


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Dla niektórych gatunków ptaków szkodliwym zjawiskiem s¹ wahania poziomu wody. Niekorzystnie na stan awifauny wp³ywaj¹ równie¿ polowania.


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Forest situated between flood embankments are threatened with clear-feeling planned to improve flood protection. Another threat are measures aiming to eliminate each year inundation necessary for maintaining riverine carrs.


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plan budowy du¿ego oœrodka wypoczynkowego


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sukcesja drzew i krzewów, wkraczanie roœlin synantropijnych;


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zanieczyszczenia œciekami komunalnymi; osuszanie terenu; wycinanie lasów; dolinê przecina modernizowana aktualnie autostrada A4


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Birds are disturbed by anglers; human recreation is also the threat;


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Pinetyzacja, fruticetyzacja, odwadnianie (rów melioracyjny), sukcesja na m³akach.


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wysuszenie w wyniku melioracji prowadzonych nad Luci¹¿¹ lub zalanie przez wody projektowanego zbiornika retencyjnego;


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Restriction of reedbeds area and discrimination of fish-eaters like Ardea cinerea and Larus ridibundus. Destroying gull colony may cause reduction of Podiceps nigricollis number.


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Area is threatened by urbanization; strong pressure of tourism and recreation.:


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In the upper course and near Zwoleñ the river is strongly polluted (organic pollution):;


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Obiekt le¿y w obszarze najwiêkszych deficytów wodnych w Polsce. W jego najbli¿szym otoczeniu obserwuje siê drastyczne obni¿anie poziomu wody w studniach.:


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Human activities include grass-cutting, grazing, recreation and Cyprinus farming. Planned channeling of the river-bed, drainage of wet flood-plain areas and lower-levels threaten the site.


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Ostoja zagro¿ona przez osuszanie torfowiska, zarastanie i przekszta³canie w ³¹ki uprawne.


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Wykaszanie i wypalanie roœlinnoœci na stawach, spore zainteresowanie obiektem jako terenem rekreacyjnym.


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Od 10 lat zanikanie zdolnoœci owocowania u Larix polonica.


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Obni¿enie poziomu wód gruntowych i powstawanie lejów depresyjnych; turystyka;


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Silna penetracja ca³ego wzgórza przez turystów, spleologów i wspinaczy;


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s¹siedztwo kombinatu hutniczego; masowy ruch turystyczny;


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Nadmierna penetracja w miesi¹cach jesienno-zimowych, palenie ognisk, zaœmiecanie;


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Ostoja jest silnie zagro¿ona w zwi¹zku z eksploatacj¹ wód podziemnych w rejonie Julianki.


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Zanieczyszczenia sanitarne wód, wycieki chemikaliów, zapylenie powietrza;


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masowe zwiedzanie (wzrost temperatury, zmiana wilgotnoœci i in.)


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wypas byd³a, zbiór owoców ¿urawiny i grzybów, sk³adowanie œmieci;


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Man's husbandry - complex is used for Cyprinus carpio farming, it is polluted with sewage;


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The ponds are used for Cyprinus farming.


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Prace melioracyjne na terenie Nadnidziañskiego PK;


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Melioracje; wypalanie traw, trzcin i innej roslinnoœci.


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Drainage is potential threat (area has already been partly drained);


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Zarastanie polany przez drzewa i krzewy; nasadzenia sosny; zrêby zupe³ne w otoczeniu rezerwatu; nasadzanie obcych gatunków drzew na zrêbach.


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Nielegalne pozyskiwanie kamienia; niekontrolowany ruch turystyczny; zanieczyszczenie py³em z pobliskich kombinatów cementowo-wapienniczych.


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Sukcesja w murawach kserotermicznych; zabiegi gospodarczo-lesne w zw³aszcza w najstarszych partiach lasu.


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eksploatacja w kamienio³omach, zaœmiecanie terenu i niszczenie œcian skalnych (np. rycie w œcianach napisów), niszczenie szaty naciekowej, penetracja jaskiñ i ploszenie zimuj¹cych nietoperzy.


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Ocienienie i zarastanie murawy przez drzewa i krzewy, nasadzenia œwierka.


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Zarastanie przez krzewy i drzewa oraz zalesianie; niekontrolowane wypalanie i wypas.


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Eksploatacja gipsu na wielk¹ skalê, szczególnie w okolicy Gacek.


Text:
Sukcesja naturalna - zarastanie muraw; negatywny wp³yw chemizacji rolnictwa, gdy¿ ostoja le¿y w bezpoœrednim s¹siedztwie pól uprawnych.


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Dzikie wysypiska œmieci, eksploatacja wapienia.


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melioracje osuszajace na terenie ostoi i w s¹siedztwie; wypalanie ³ak i trzcinowisk.


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Disturbance of nesting birds by tourists and fishermen. S¹siedztwo kopalni Lubelskiego Zag³êbia Wêglowego - odwodnienie, melioracje przyœpieszaj¹ sukcesjê na torfowisku Ciesacin.


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Habitats of birds are threatened by pollution. Potential threat is a plan of total channelization of the river.


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Threats to the site include: draining executed around the Park, active coal-mine 4 km southwards of the Park, pollution of lakes and peat-bogs due to chemicals used in agriculture, mass tourism and recreation concentrated on some lakes.


Text:
There is a threat of drainage work; many peat-bogs have already been drained. Waters are threatened with eutrophication. The possible development of the Lublin Coal-Field (partly covering the site) is a great threat; The activity of LCF produces eg. the depression sink of undrground waters. Many lakes are used for recreation; in some places their "natural" recreational capacity is exceeded (even twice).


Text:
ujemny bilans wodny, migracja zanieczyszczeñ wodnych (g³ównie pochodzenia rolniczego) z otoczenia, degradacja torfowisk w wyniku wypalania, dzikie wysypiska, k³usownictwo, ¿ywicowanie i wycinanie drzew.:


Text:
Some parts are mown for hay, and the marshes are threatened by drainage; any change in water condition may affect the natural values of the site. Main threats to birds is burrning of reed and water deficits (particularly with years with low precipitation).


Text:
The reservoirs are used for fish farming whilst the surrounding areas (beyond the forest) are used mainly as arable and grazing land. There is some disturbance of the area by hunters and fishermen as well as felling of trees in neighbouring forests.


Text:
k³usownictwo, po³owy ryb, zamiana u¿ytków zielonych na pola uprawne, wycinanie drzew, wydobycie torfu i piasku;


Text:
Naruszenie równowagi hydrodynamicznej zwi¹zane m.in. z lejem sepresyjnym powsta³ym po odpompowaniu wody z wyrobiska cemenyowni w Che³mie oraz oczyszczanie rowów i torfianek z ramienic i innych roœlin wodnych; emisja zanieczyszczeñ z cementowni w Che³mie. A part of the area lies within a range of depression sink activity (result of pumping water from opencast working at cement plant in Che³m). Rushes burning off (affecting even to 40% of the area) threatens the proper functionning of marshes.


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sukcesja (zarastanie muraw), nadmierna penetracja ludzka;


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Greatest threat to birds is fish farming on pond complexes (removal of vegetation) and forest management (cutting of old stands) as well as drainage of forests.


Text:
The ponds are used for Cyprinus farming. Shooting and reed-cutting disturb birds in the breeding season.


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Disturbances to the site due to forest labours.


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Poza terenem rezerwatu stare drzewa s¹ zagro¿one wyrêbem.


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It is a hunting ground. The threat of drainage and forest labours.


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The site is threatened with destruction by planned unreasonable investments;


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Po³ó¿one w zag³êbieniu jezioro zagro¿one jest eutrofizacj¹ na skutek sp³ywu nawozów z pól.


Text:
Nie obserwuje siê niekorzystnych zmian w œrodowisku, a mimo to liczebnoœæ kolonii drastycznie spada. W 1979 r. by³o tu 1200 osobników, a w 1985 tylko kilka.


Text:
zarastanie krzewami; sp³yw z pól (nawozy, œrodki ochrony roœlin)


Text:
nie uporz¹dkowana gospodarka wodno-œciekowa; "dzikie" wysypiska odpadów; emisja zanieczyszczeñ do powietrza atmosferycznego; odkrywkowa eksploatacja surowców mineralnych;


Text:
W s¹siedztwie górnictwo odkrywkowe powoduj¹ce zmianê stosunków wodnych; silne zanieczyszczenie powietrza; œcieki przynoszone przez Prószkówkê z mleczarni i rzeŸni. Populacja kotewki zagro¿ona eutrofizacj¹ (staw zarasta od brzegów), przyspieszan¹ sp³ywem nawozów mineralnych z pól i ³¹k. Zagra¿a jej tak¿e prowadzone przez PGR okresowe osuszanie stawu (je¿eli nastêpowa³oby przed dojrzeniem owoców kotewki).


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Zagro¿enia stanowiska T. natans na stawie Utrata: Spuszczanie wody na zimê, zbiór masy roœlinnej ze stawu przed dojrzeniem owoców T. natans, okresowe nawo¿enie stawu powoduj¹ce zmiany pH.


Text:
Man's husbandry - control water flow for navigation and fish-farming.


Text:
Sta³e eliminowanie roœlinnoœci wodnej, które powoduje utrzymywanie siê kotewki tylko w zatokach.


Text:
Sukcesja (wystêpuje tu zespó³ zaroœli krzewiastych Ligustro-Prunetum, charakteryzuj¹cy siê du¿¹ ekspansj¹ i wypieraj¹cy najciekawsze gatunki roœlin), nap³yw antropofitów, py³y z kamienio³omów i wapiennika, zadrzewianie terenu s¹siaduj¹cego z rezerwatem


Text:
przemys³owe zanieczyszczenia powietrza (Huta "O³awa" i Huta "Siechnica"); zmiany stosunków wodnych (np. zagro¿enie dla rezerwatu "Leœna Woda" ze strony wielkiej kopalni piasku)


Text:
Jaskinia jest dostêpna i stosunkowo czêsto zwiedzana;


Text:
osuszenie terenu i zanieczyszczenie powietrza; kopalnie rud cynku i o³owiu usytuowane w niewielkiej odleg³oœci spowodowa³y powstanie rozleg³ego leja depresyjnego i zanik znacznej czêœci cieków; w pobli¿u kopalnie i huta cynku i o³owiu;


Text:
Okresowe wahania iloœci wyp³ywaj¹cej wody, osuszenie ze wzglêdu na istniej¹cy lej depresyjny w okolicy Olkusza.


Text:
wyrywanie i usuwanie roœlinnoœci wodnej ze stawu;


Text:
zaburzenia stosunków wodnych; opad py³u;


Text:
Bezpoœrednie s¹siedztwo wielkiej aglomeracji miejskiej.


Text:
Zarastanie muraw przez podrost Populus tremula; wykopywanie kêp sasanki; wydeptywanie; wysypywanie œmieci i gruzu.


Text:
Uci¹¿liwe s¹siedztwo Górnoslaskiego Okregu Przemys³owego; turystyka;


Text:
Drainage works and building operations destroyed the belt of old wet forest adjacent to the reservoir. A part of open marshes is also threatened with destruction.


Text:
Leje depresyjne po eksploatacji piasku przez kopalnie, zmiany stosunków hydrologicznych; emisje przemys³owe; turystyka. Ponad 50% mchów i w¹trobowców jest zagro¿onych wymarciem na Wy¿ynie Œl¹skiej.


Text:
antropopresja - dzia³alnoœæ górnicza (eksploatacja wêgla, rud cynkowo-o³owiowych, piasku podsadzkowego i ska³ wapiennych); turystyka, synantropizacja


Text:
Brak kanalizacji i oczyszczalni œcieków; zanieczyszczenie œrodowiska py³ami i gazami przemys³owymi; budownictwo letniskowe; turystyka; penetracja jaskiñ przez speleologów i wspinaczka ska³kowa; sp³yw œrodków ochrony roœlin i nawozów z pól; zarastanie muraw kserotermicznych drzewami i krzewami; obni¿enie poziomu wód gruntowych i powstawanie lejów depresyjnych; nieprawid³owa gospodarka leœna, prowadz¹ca do degradacji lasów.


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Zanieczyszczenie powietrza; turystyka; synantropizacja szaty roslinnej (208 gatunków synantropijnych; wiêkszoœæ z nich pojawi³a siê na tym terenie jako skutek d³ugoletniej gospodarki cz³owieka, czêœæ to nowi przybysze).


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Sukcesja (murawy zarastaj¹ krzewami i drzewami eliminuj¹c gatunki kserotermiczne). Nietoperzom zagra¿aj¹: penetracja jaskiñ, u¿ywanie œrodków do konserwacji drewna, niepokojenie w czasie hibernacji.


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Jaskinia jest niezabezpieczona; zwiedzanie utrudnione - wymaga 11 m zjazdu na linie. Mimo tych trudnoœci jest penetrowana przez groto³azów-amatorów nielegalnie.


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Jaskinia od kilku lat jest zamkniêta ¿elazn¹ krat¹. Przed jej skutecznym zabezpieczeniem by³a dostêpna i zniszczeniu uleg³a szata naciekowa; w XIX wieku eksploatowano w niej masowo guano nietoperzowe;


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Jaskinia ³atwo dostêpna, czêsto penetrowana przez turystów.


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Penetracja jaskini przez okolicznych mieszkañców.


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Jaskinia by³a silnie penetrowana przez groto³azów-amatorów mimo zamkniêcia. Od 1992 roku jest udostêpniana do zwiedzania.


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Grabienie œcio³y, zbieranie i sk³adowanie ga³êzi, ocienienie, emisje przemys³owa.


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Naturalne ciœnienie górotworu powoduj¹ce obwa³y w kopalni; nadmierne zawilgocenie powietrza w systemie wentylacyjnym; wycieki wodne i procesy ³ugowania soli; katastrofalne zalewy.


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osuszenie; budowa szosy i rozleg³e wyrêby;


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Disturbance to the site from boating. Pollution.


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zarastanie lustra wody i wyp³ycanie stawów; wycinanie i wypalanie krzewów; prace melioracyjne; polowania; zalesianie otwartych terenów.


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Pozyskiwanie drewna, piasku, wysypywanie i wylewanie odpadów, chemizacja rolnictwa.


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The area belongs to less threatened by human pressure.


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Ocienianie przez rozrastaj¹cy siê drzewostan sosnowy, zainfekowanie grzybami, wykopywanie roœlin i ³amanie ga³êzi.


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ewentualna regulacja Wiaru; eksploatacja kamieni i ¿wiru z dna Wiaru; zanieczyszczenie rzek i potoków z gospodarstw rolnych; dzika zabudowa; planowane wiercenia w poszukiwaniu ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego w rejonie Kwaszenina-KuŸmina; polowania; wycinanie najwartoœciowszych fragmentów lasów.


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Nadmierna ekspolatacja ¿wiru z dna rzeki i wycinanie zaroœli wierzbowych zw³aszcza na terenie proponowanym do ochrony; zanieczyszczenia z gospodarstw rolnych.


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The area is threatened by nearby gravel exploatation which will cause dramatic lowering of the water-table.


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The ponds are used for Cyprinus farming; reed-cutting during the nesting season.


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tereny silnie penetrowane przez ludzi; niszczenie gniazd;


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nory s¹ czêsto niszczone (zatykanie otworów wlotowych lub dokopywanie sie do komory gniazdowej);


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zmiany sukcesyjne; zbiór roœlin do zielników;


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Mo¿liwoœæ penetracji sztolni przez turystów p³osz¹cych hibernuj¹ce nietoperze - ostatnio zamontowano w otworze wejœciowym kratê.


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zanieczyszczenia powietrza; gradacje szkodliwych owadów


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œrodki ochrony drewna; prace remontowe na strychach;


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wypalanie trzcin; pog³êbianie i czyszczenie stawów na ca³ym terenie równoczeœnie, spuszczanie wody do dna; najpowa¿niejszym zagro¿eniem s¹ plany poprowadzenia odcinka autostrady Zgorzelec - Krzy¿owa przez teren ostoi.


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silna presja turystyczna; wycinanie lasów;


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nadmierny ruch turystyczny, ruchliwa szosa z Kudowy do Radkowa, kamienio³om ko³o Radkowa - przyczyniaj¹cy siê do wstrz¹sów w okolicy Szczeliñca


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przebudowa stawów, niszczenie potencjalnych miejsc lêgowych przez wycinanie drzew, krzewów i trzcinowisk; niepokojenie ptakow w okresie lêgowym; rozmycie wyspy;


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Reed-cutting during the breeding season may threaten nesting species; fish-eating birds are controlled; utrata siedlisk przez osuszanie lub zasypywanie;


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silna presja turystyczna; imisje metali ciê¿kich;


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imisje przemys³owe, nadmierny ruch turystyczny (rozdeptywanie i zaœmiecanie grzbietowych partii);


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Utrzymywanie siê zanieczyszczeñ Wis³y, dzikie wysypiska œmieci, polowania p³osz¹ce ptaki.;


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U¿ytkowanie i prace pielêgnacyjne na synantropijnych, zadrzewionych terenach zielonych oraz prowadzenie remontów i konserwacji wie¿y koœcielnej w czasie i w sposób zagra¿aj¹cy stanowiskom zwierz¹t.


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zniszczenie grobli, melioracje potoku, powrót do hodowoli pstr¹ga;


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Stosowanie ciezkiego sprzêtu rolniczego; wypalanie traw; chemiczna ochrona upraw przed szkodnikami


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U¿ytkowanie i prace pielêgnacyjne na synantropijnych terenach zielonych. Zupe³ne wyciêcie czêœci drzew na bulwarach mo¿e przyczyniæ siê do opuszczenia stanowiska przez dziêcio³a.


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presja turystyczna i narciarska; niew³aœciwa gospodarka leœna;


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Nap³yw zanieczyszczeñ z zag³êbia Ostrawskiego (Czechy); lokalizacja produkcji uci¹¿liwej dla œrodowiska; zwiêkszenie wydobycia t³ucznia; zbyt intensywne u¿ytkowanie turystyczne.


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Penetracja jaskini przez ludzi, nawet jej najg³êbiej po³o¿onych czêœci, palenie ognisk w komorze wstêpnej i w czêœci przyotworowej;


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eksploatacja ¿wiru, drewna i faszyny; nadmierna penetracja przez turystów i wêdkarzy;


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Œcieki i œmieci z gospodarstw; regulacja koryt;


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S¹siedztwo Zbiornika Czorsztyñskiego mo¿e spowodowaæ tragiczne w skutkach zmiany klimatyczne; ruch turystyczny; synanatropizacja;


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Zanieczyszczenie wód (œcieki z gospodarstw); presja turystyczna.


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wzgórze bêdzie czêœciowo zalane po wype³nieniu zbiornika;


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Zwiêkszony ruch turystyczny i synantropizacja terenów bezpoœrednio s¹siadujacych z ostoj¹.


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wypas w lasach, grabienie œció³ki, wyr¹b;


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threat of water pollution (domestic sewages).


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konkurencja ze strony innych gatunków; zmniejsza siê powierzchnia m³aki i obszar zajmowany przez Primula farinosa; rozwój pasozytniczego grzyba Urocystis primulicola, który nie dopuszcza do wytworzenia nasion.


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P³oszenie zimuj¹cych nietoperzy przez turystów;


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Rozbudowa wyci¹gów narciarskich i tras zjazdowych;


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Zanieczyszczenie powietrza; eksploatacja lasów; wysypiska œmieci; "klêski owadzie" - w ostatnich dekadach zaznaczy³ siê nie obserwowany wczeœniej spadek ¿ywotnoœci drzew; w wielu miejscach wyst¹pi³o gwa³towne obumieranie jod³y i œwierka; równoczeœnie masowo pojawi³y siê szkodniki owadzie, zw³aszcza kornik i b³onkówka - zasnuja wysokogórska (Cephalcia falleni), atakuj¹ce os³abione drzewa; larwy tej ostatniej (gradacja w latach 1978-1982) spowodowa³y powstanie ok. 1000 ha go³o¿erów, g³ównie w borach œwierkowych (Piceetum tatricum), w rejonie Turbacz-Mostownica i na SW zboczu Kud³onia; drog¹ naturalnej sukcesji rozwijaj¹ siê w tych miejscach p³aty Sorbus aucuparia;


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Atmospheric pollution originating in Slovakia is a problem; tourism development is a potential threat. Unreasonable forest cutting and extermination of old stands.


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Doœæ silnie odwodnione, zarasta œwierkiem.


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Wyp³ycanie jeziorek na skutek zamulania materia³em nanoszonym przez potok.


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Zaburzenie stosunków wodnych w wyniku melioracji.


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Zanieczyszczenie wód Wis³oki przez Zak³. rolno-Przem.; sp³yw nawozów sztucznych; wyrêb dzrew.


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Main problem is the more intensive and extensive forest managment activity on the area and the effects of the over-populated games, than the increasing degradation effects of the green tourism.


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The habitats and the wild life are extremely depend on the water supply of the area, which was cut down by far recently. Introduced tree plantations decrease the habitat diversity.:


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Site seriously threatened by sever water-table decrease due to the constrution of the Bôs-Gabcikovo Electric Power Station. The related water management constructions also affect the area.


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Water level decreasing due to the Gabcikovo dam constructions. As a consequence the succession will speed up and turn it into willow-poplar forest habitat.:


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Intensive forest managment, replacement of the natural trees to introduced ones:


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Moderately sensitive. Eutrophication of the water (due to the lack of sewers), tourism, drying out, fishing. Circumstances are getting better since the establishment of the National Park.:


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Mainly the humid grassland is in danger in consequences of the effects of nearby gardening, tourism, flower picking, improper forest and wildlife management.:


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Highly vulnerable in consequences of drying out and underground peat-burning.:


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more intensive green tourism, riding, and illegal entry by cars:


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Natural reforestation forcing back the steppic grassland. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) invade the ancient communities.:


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Intensifying of the forest managment activity, increasing of the area of fir monocultures (plantage), more intensive green tourism, privatization of small parcels in the foothills.:


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Land use change in consequences of the privatization and divide into private parcels, chemical and fertilizer contamination effects coming from the neighborhood arable lands, trampling disturbance of the habitats and weedy species invasion.:


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The grazing, trampling effects of the games may be a problem in the case of becoming the games overpopulated. Degradation effects of increasing tourism traffic.:


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Abandon of traditional landuse practice, decline of the old chestnut trees, natural reforestration of open grasslands, as a result of the abandone of mowing.:


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Change the traditional way of forest management to intensive ones.:


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Water and soil pollution. Use of chemicals. Turn traditional land use, agriculture into intensive one or other (for example golf-course). Spread of a ruderal introduced plant, Solidago canadensis.:


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Potentionally endangered by mining activity, forestry and tourism.:


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Bauxite mining needs lowering water-table, which makes drastical changes in water budget of some habitats. There is a considerable polution effect of the neraby industry.:


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Forestation by introduced tree species.:


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The wilderness area was protected till the last years by the army. In the new situation - after the departure of the army - a greater loading by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages is possible.:


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Most of the habitat is highly dependent on soil water table, which was lowered in a great extent in consequences of the bauxit mining. Secondly, in spite of protection large clear-cuttings are still carried out. For example, an excellent stand of oak wood was cut down this summer (1995).:


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The bauxit mining threatens some parts of the area with destroying habitats, otherwise this activity causes dramatic falling of soilwater table.:


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The introduced black pine forest degrade the xerotherm habitats. The more intensive green-tourism has considerable backdraws. The most threatening process is the decreasing of the level of the karstic water, in consequences the springs and the creek are drying out.:


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Some parts are moderately vulnerable because of the intensive tourism and the indirect effect of the increasing traffic, while other parts affected by spread of introduced trees.:


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The habitat conditions are extremely depend on water supply, the area is highly sensitive to eutrophication and immigration of ruderals in the lack of water.:


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The bogs of the Fekete-hill are highly sensitive to drying out, burning, eutrophication. The rest is moderately sensitive.:


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Moderate, the proportion of pine plantations is too high. Moderately/hardly studied.:


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The habitats of the territory is not very sensitive, otherwise intensive tourism can degradate the area.:


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The territory is not very sensitive, but it can't tolerate the effects of the large pine plantations. A part of the territory is privatised and there are inproper plans for touristic usage.:


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Main problem is the lack of the vegetation cover and the shallow water, which is highly eutroph. As a consequence, the water become hot in the summer, the algal production is very high (algla bloom), which causes anaerobe conditions. The system is directly affected by the water quality of the River Zala.:


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Inadequate management due to rivalisation of the respondent agencies: Water Authority and Nature Conservation Authority.:


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Long-term hydro-geological problems can be emerged, in the case of the over-exploitation of the water resources of the region. Unfavourable effects on the water quality of the increasing turism (bath and beach). Dredging in the lake bed can threaten the Schoenoplectus population.:


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The wet habitats are hihgly endangered in consequences of the drainage of the area, but the local nature conservation authorities started some rehabilitation of wetlands in the last year. Pine tree plantations made by forestry can endangere special plant communities, while increasing traffic and transport, tourism and leasure activity may affect the site unfavourably.:


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Forestry, intensive hunting, tourism and leisure can cause problems.:


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Clear-cuttings, land-slides, spread of locust tree.:


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The over-strain and concrete-covering of the littorale zone, the degradation and destruction of the reed beds, the increasing eutrophization of the bays.:


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There are intensive forestry, hunting, fishing activity can degrade the habitats, while drainage can cause drying out of the area.:


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Forestry, fishing, hunting, boating, drainage, gravel quarries.:


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The wildlife of ponds is threatened by fishing, the area of wet habitats decrease continually and these are threatened by peat quarries too.:


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Intensive forestry and introduction of exotic trees can cause conservation problems.:


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Intensive forest management activity, hunting, uncontrolled tourism and leisure, fishing, drainage.:


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Intensive forestry, introduced tree plantations can disturbe the wild life of the area and more intensive hunting.:


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Clear cuttings, mining of coal, stone and uranium ore, buildings, tourism.:


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More intensive forestry, overpopulated games and intensive hunting/shooting, insufficiantly controlled intensive green tourism, quarrying.:


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Intensive tourism and forestry activity.:


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Intensive tourism, very close to Pécs, intensive land use. Nearby the site, there is an open coal-mine, the water-level lowering decrease the amount of the water in the streams.:


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Quarrying of the hill, forestry in the northern slope, tourism on the ridge and southern slope, glidering from the top (trampling of the rocky grasslands), invasion of introduced species from the hillfoots.:


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Most important threatening agent is drainage of water, because all habitats are water-dependent. Other danger: intensive agriculture (melon growing) on bordering fields (chemicals, litter).:


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Forestry, shooting, ploughing of meadows, decresa of underground water-level, use of herbicides, use of chemical fertilizers.:


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Forestry, fishing, schooting, boating, tourism:


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Tourism, invasion of the introduced Syringa vulgaris and Pinus nigra, small isolated populations, surrounded by urban areas. Air pollution, noise.


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Harbour building, riverbed dredge and vaste deposit or cutting of the forests can destroy the character of the site.:


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Threatened by the decreasing water-level, which is caused by the water control management of the region in the last decades. It makes the bogs and marshes to dry. Regular use of fertilizers can eutrophize the waterbodies and mires.:


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Need of further and more strict, more severe protection from human impact as grazing, illegal hunting, tourism.


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The general hydrological changes (slow decreasing of the water table all over the Kiskunsag area) can makes the area more dry, which can cause the extinction of some species and wet habitat.:


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Surrounded by weekend house belt and highly affected by increasing green tourism, regular trampling, occasionally forest fires and other disturbances. Surrounded by forests composed by introduced trees (Robinia, Pinus) penetrating deep into the natural forest.:


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Favorite site for tracking (hiking) activites, and there are around the site orchards and vineyards.


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Tracking, hiking activities and forest management with introduced black pine plantation. Illegal waste deposition.


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Trampling, overcrowded tourism, gartage deposition, parcelling may damage the habitats of the site.:


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Intensive land use, very close to Budapest, intensive tourism, illegal waste deposition.


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Landuse change, for example replacing forests by croplands; overcrowded game stock.:


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Intensive agriculture in the adjacent area, overgrazing and trampling of the pastures and parcelling can deteriorate the area.:


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Rocky grasslands and xerotherm oakwoods on edges and southern slopes are highly vulnerable against overpopulated mufflons (trampling, grazing, soil erosion). Dense forest road-system promote uncontrolled tourist traffic (mountain bikes, motorcycle, sport cars).:


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Forestry, spread of gardens, because it is closely surrounded by built-up area. Uncontrolled tourism and trampling; the territory is often burns.:


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Rocky habitats are threatened by the overpopulation of the naturalised mouflon. A smaller threatening factors are tourism and skiing especially in the vicinity of tourist centres and ski-runs.:


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There are a large limestone mine, which spreads gradually. The clear cuttings of the forests tend to be larger in size, which is unfavourable.:


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The introduced scotch pine seedlings invade some parts of the marsh meadow. Illegal mankind activities as shoot of debris and rubbish, peat and sand mining, motocross training can cause degradation of the area, while lowering of soil water table dry out the most interesting wet habitats.:


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Highly vulnerable. Considerable part of the territory has been ploughed. The rest (120 ha) is protected. Buildings, in progress nearby, are potential threats.:


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Moderately/highly vulnerable, threatened by grazing, eutrophication and, as a consequence, immigration of ruderals.:


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Moderately vulnerable, overpopulated wildlife and exploitative forest management can deteriorate the habitats.:


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Highly vulnerable. It is threatened by forestry and accidental burning. One part of the stand has already burnt down during a fire spreading from the gardens lying nearby.:


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Several threatening factors - Nador canal, nearby industry and mining, improper way and level of cultivation (eg. grass was often mown during nesting time).:


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Intensive forestry, overpopulated games on the South-faced slopes and outcrop rock and bauxit mining activity:


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Moderately vulnerable. Intensive tourism, building up, spread of gardens.:


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Wood-felling, lack of renewing, mining (farther) leading to decrease in water-table, which is unfavourable for surviving of the beech forest.:


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The rock grasslands are sensitive against wood-felling, improper wildlife management, trampling of overpopulated games, esp. the introduced mouflon.:


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The improper wildlife management (overpopulated games) has a lot of drowbacks on the habitats.:


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Changing of water quality and supply can be disadvantageous.:


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Decrease water level. Illegal fishing and boating. Eutrophication of the water.


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Privately owned, danger of afforestation and grazing.:


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It can be threatened by changing the dominant oak trees by locust. Privatisation of the forests can be disadvantageous, because the area is not protected.:


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The site is highly vulnerable against drainage, liquid manure deposition coming from nearby farms and indirect effects of agriculture in the neighbourhoods.:


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River control, drainage of the wetlands, ploughing the meadows:


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Landuse change, more intensive activity of forestry and man induced soil erosion.:


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The area is small, but other threats are negligible.:


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The overconsumption of the karstic water reservoires dry out the springs and creeks. Overpopulated mouflon threatens the rock grassland communities. Limestone mining annihilates some habitats. Improper forest management, like large extent clear-cutting and introduced tree plantations has many drawbacks.:


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The considerable tourism and lack of sewers in some tourist centre (Bankut) leading to pollution of nearby habitats locally. The improper forest management (large clear-cuttings, introduced trees) can cause problems. There are a considerable horse population kept on the plateau, which overboad locally some parts of the site. It is necessary to keep the balance.:


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The main problem is, that the area is much more smaller than earlier was. Some rare plants can extinct because of it and they are more threatened by overpopulated games.:


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Overcrowded game stock, tourism, forestry (introduced trees).:


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Overtrampling, erosion and growing game stock can be occure. There are important road and railway line in the valley.:


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Intensive forest management, large clear-cuttings, introduced tree plantages, increasing tourism and leisure.:


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Increased activity of forestry, introduced tree species (Robinia, Pinus, Picea), tree (oak) decay, intensified green tourism:


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Increasing public interest and trampling comes from the surrounding week-ends area.:


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Moderately vulnerable; the clearings convert into forest illegal wood-felling.:


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The site is not threatened, only some parts is disturbed by stone mining, tourism or forestry and high wild boar density.:


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The main branch of the Baradla is a showcave, with many touring ways. The other branches and the Beke cave is favourite caving object, but the visiting is regulated.:


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The site is not threatened nowadays, because it is strictly protected. Earlier it was grazed by sheep and there were some disturbance caused by forestry.:


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All of the habitats (caves too) are threatened by the stone mining. One of the endemic plant species (Dianthus plumarius ssp. praecox) extinct from the hill because of it. Other problem is caused by the forestry, which introduced black pine and Ailanthus. These pioneer species produce a large number of seedlings, which are spread in the original habitats.:


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Traditional meadowcutting is necessary to maintain the diverse meadows. Drainage threatens all types of wet habitats.


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The protection helps to preserve the intactness of vegetation and landscape to a great extent. The poor road system in the region is advantageous in this respect. The rocky habitats are endangered by the high density of the games (especially mouflon). Aridity - lasting for several decades - poses an additional major threat on natural ecosystems through destroying wet habitats (springs, streams, mires and swamps).:


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There is nearby a tourist centre, which increase the disturbance of the area. Some overpopulated wild animals (esp. mouflon) cause considerable degradation of some habitats.:


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Due to the steep rock walls, its is hard to approach, otherwise the only threatening factor is tourism.:


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Improper wildlife management (overpopulation). Illegal hunting. In the lack of scything forest would grow up at the Bohó-meadows. A considerable part of the Bohó-meadows burnt down a few years ago.:


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The valleys are threatened mainly by uncontrolled tourism. The vegetation of the forests and the rocks are threatened by the overpopulated mouflon.:


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The most threatening factors are drainage, fire, drought, because the habitats and the species extremely depend on the water supply. Afforestation of the surrounding has strong effects. First of all the microclimate will be drier, while floods can occure in the case of large amount of precipitation. Conservational activity in progress (plantation protecting forest zone, cutting of reed and trees).:


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It is moderately vulnerable. The protection seems to be enough to avoid further deterioration.:


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Intensive chemical usage on the nearby arable lands, abandone of the traditional slight grazing by sheeps, change to cows.:


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The earlier constructed drain-chanel network is disadvantageous. The drastic decreasing and composition changes of the grazing livestocks on the puszta, unfavourable livestock management practice. The uncontrolled hunting and shooting on the unprotected fish-ponds insulated into the site cause meny problems.:


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Sometimes, rapid changes in the water-level of the ponds unfavourable considering nesting, or sleeping places for bird populations.:


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Wheel-ways in the soil after reed-cutting are unfavourable. Almost half of the site is a military shooting area, in consequences of the shooting, parts of the area burn regularly. Sometimes, considerably more grazing would be appropriate.:


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Natural forest regeneration endangered in consequences of the soil water table sinking.


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Traffic on wet soils, because of deep wheelways. Unfavorable grazing and trampling regime, occasional burning.:


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Inappropriate use by overgrazing, trampling, burning and deep wheelways in wet conditions.:


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Uncontrolled green-tourism nearby the site. Occasional pollution coming down the Eger-creek.:


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Mass tourism nearby, inappropriate pasturing, fishing at the riverside of Hortobágy, occasional pollution coming down on the river.:


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Water-table lowering, long dry periods, occasional burning. Inappropriate pasturing can cause erosion, degradation, and can get weedy.:


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The military is reluctant to admit the necessity of protection. Certain areas are let on hire, other ones are still affected by military activity.:


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Unrestricted traffic by cars on the ranges.:


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The moor is threatened by the sewage water comes from the nearby stock-farm, while the vegetation of the slopes is highly effected by chemicals comes from the cultivated lands of the plateau.:


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Privatization followed by illegal deforestation; ballast-digging.:


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Chemicals from the surrounding field, drying out.:


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Melioration in the vicinity, use of fertilizers, overgrazing and trampling.:


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Inadequate water management practice. Regular mowing on the meadows is important factor.


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Drought. Human activity (agriculture, manuring, chemicals, fire). Highly vulnerable.:


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Improper forest management ignoring the conservational rules. High water-table is necessary for the existing of the forests.:


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Week regeneration capability of the oak trees, in consequences of drying out of the region.:


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It is threatened by a highway crossing the stand (litter, ruderals). There are no plan to utilize until 2000, but then will be prepared a new forest management plan. Regional soil water table depletion can threaten the natural reforestation. Otherway the overpopulation of certain wild animals can be unfavourable.:


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Spreading of adventive invador plants (Amorpha fruticosa, Rudbeckia sp. etc) and ruderals, fishing in the lakes, improper way of grazing, riverbank trampling by tourists and anglers.:


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Lowering of water-table in the Kiskunság region makes wet habitats to dry:


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Forestry. Old forest ready to be cut. Nature Conservation seems to be succeding in conserving the forest in its present state.:


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Landuse change and abandonment create unwanted succession. The meadows need regular mowing, in the woods forestry should be abandoned.:


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Low soil water table, agricultural use of embedded fields. The dry habitats are not endangered.:


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Regional water-level sinking, occasional burning of the area, illegal juniper-fruit gathering.:


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The regional lowering of the soil water table threatens the existing habitats which are already changing to less and less valuable secondary habitats. The drier sand grasslands are regenerating from grazing in the past:


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Water deficit. In the later years Nature Conservation has more and more right in controlling the sluices.:


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Water deficit. Danger of long term dry-out. Restoration works (external water supply) under preparation.:


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Larger poplar plantations, fishing, uncontrolled tourism.:


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The habitats are maintaned by great abiotic and biotic stresses. Any change (more drought, over or under grazing) will alter the present situation.


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Water deficit will change zonation and habitat quality. Landuse type (mowing) has to be maintained.:


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Water deficit. The great bustard population is endangered by mowing and agricultural activities, but a Bustard Station is working on minimizing the effect.:


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Because of climatic drought and lowered soil water table the lake dries out earlier in the summer, which is critical for algal vegetation and the autumn migration.


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Dependent of the pollution of the Danube; important processes of erosion at the sea side; it is important to eliminate the use of fertilisers and pesticides inside of the Delta


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Precarious ecological equilibrium; strongly threatened because the incompetent introduction of some exotic submerged plant species (Cabomba caroliniana, Myriophyllum brasiliense, Ambulia heterophylla, Nelumbium nucifera) as well as the diminution of the flow of the thermal springs, urbanisation and touristic aggresion


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Intensive fish-farming with no hunting; minimal human disturbance


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Exists the danger to destroy the site as consequence of grazing or changements in land use: needs some practical measures of protection


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The population decreases as a consequence of a drastic reduction of the amount of water (effect of the construction of dam lakes) which determined the augmentation of the water pollution, both natural and by waste of a sanitarium and as effect of the stone exploitation in the bed of the river


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Good conditiion of conservation; ocasionally, grazing without important effects on the structure of biocenoses


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Exposed to the damages caused by the circulation of peoples and animals; needs soma practical measures of protection


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Harvesting of fruits for to be processed but without danger for the population of Hippophae


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The population is threatened by the actual (bad) quality of waters of the Danube


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The site is very close to the town Paldiski. Possible threats may be the new planned oil-port and quarries.


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The site is threatened by pollution and axcessive tourism.


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Threat factors: grazing, agricultural pollution, building.


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Threatened by the tourism because the forest is located in the recreative zone.


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The northern part of the site is located close to the guard station and therefore the main threat is military activity and drumpling. There is also lots of old Soviet military trash.


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The site was well protected so far as a restricted zone of Soviet border. Now it may be threated by tourism because the heaths and meadows are sensitive to trampling. There are two lighthouses working on nuclear fuel on the islet of Rammu but radioactivity is above mark close to the lighthouses.


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The main threat for alvars is overgrowing with bushes when the grazing will end.


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The wilderness area is breaken by forest roads.


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The site is threatened by fishing and tourism. Coastal meadows can be overgrown because of ending grazing and mowing.


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The site is quite close to the urban areas.


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There is existing limited drainage in the NO part and in the marginal area of the mire. The forests should be preserved as a strict nature reserve.


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The site should be preserved as a strict nature reserve.


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The marginal parts have been drained. The site is slightly affected by shale oil industry.


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Possible changes may occur in normal paludification processes due to alkalic pollution from electric power stations 40-60 km away and pollution caused by oil-shale chemistry industry 30 km away. Small marginal forest parts have been drained.


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The site is practically without any human impact.


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The main threat may be recreation thanks to the nice sand beach of the lake.


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A quarter of the mire area has been drained.


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The area should be protected as a strict nature reserve.


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Threat factors are: chalk querry in the neighbourhood and its effect on the aquating conditions,and there is also possibility for clear cutting in the forest.


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The islets are threatened by tourism. Kasmu peninsula is partly threatened by forest cutting.


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The sea section is threatened by fishery, the islets are threatened by tourism and the coastal meadows are threatened by overgrowing with bushes because of the ending of grazing.


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Possible threat will be building on reprivatised land.


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The southern part has been drained and block peat has been cut in the SW part of the mire.


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Traditional inappreciable human impact (forestry).


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Any economical activity should be avoided.


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Potential threat by neighbouring sod peat field.


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Two main threats are: tourism because of the close location to the capital of Estonia and the possibility of being turned into a military training ground.


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Small part of the mire has been drained.


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No woodcutting has been made over 50 years.


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An extension of drained area should be avoided.


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There is a peat milling field (100 ha) not far from the bog.


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At least during the post-war period the human impact has been weak.


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Sanitary cutting has been made on half of the area.


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Any economic activity should be avoided.


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The certain threat is connected with the ongoing privatization of the land to the former owners.


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A weakly drained area. Hay is made on appr. 20 % of the site.


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The Taevaskoda area is threatened by increasing tourism.


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There is a peat milling area in the western part of the mire.


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Main threat is agricultural pollution from small farms.


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The site is threatened by unregulated tourism.


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A large part is untouched from any human activity.


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A large part is untouched by human activity.


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The site may be threated by ecological changings: soil improvement, utilization of pesticide and herbicide, becoming covered with woods.


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As hay-making is ceasing a large area is overgrowing with bushes. The other threats are: building, draining and pollution.


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Practically untouched. Possible threat may be draining.


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The main threat is owergrowing with bushes. The floodplain of Mustjoe river mouth should be included to the Koiva protected area.


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The utmost danger lies in cutting down the forests by private owners.


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About 60 % of the fen has been turned to hay meadow because of the dredging of river and developing the drain-system. The hay meadow is growing over with shrubs.


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There has been done some selective felling in the old forest patches. The site should be preserved.


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Potentially threated by unregulated tourism. Seals and birds are disturbed by motor-boats.


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The main threats associated with human activity are: building, gravel querry and roads.


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Threat factors are - tourism and building activity.


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Practically without human impact. Only some old military trash can be found.


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Extensive tourism (trampling of heaths) must be avoided as well as picking too much berries in heath forest.


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The NO and W marginal areas are partly cultivated and ditched.


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The end of grazing will cause owergrowing with bushes. The communities are sensitive to trumpling.


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Main threat is owergrowing with reed beds and shrubs.


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Coastal meadows are overgrowing by bushes, because of decreasing of grazing.


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There is necessary continous mowing on the meadows to prevent owergrowing with bushes.


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The main threat for the alvar is overgrowing with bushes.


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Potential threat is melioration, that disturbes lakes and mire communities.


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The main risk is complete owergrowing with bushes because of diminishing of grazing. The second risk is associated with human activities: building, founding a gravel quarry or road building.


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There are no direct threat factors. The oak wood is very old and there is no undergrowth.


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The wooded meadow may disappeare entirely during the next 20 years if it is not going to be mowed annually.


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Economical activities should be avoided.


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The site should be protected as strict nature reserve.


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Overgrowing with junipers and reed invasion can be harmful.


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A small peat milling (52ha) in the western part of the area and limited drainage in the marginal parts are the main factors.


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Main threats are overgrowing and hunting. The last one disturbs birds.


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One ditch, one heap of stones and small heap of rubbish.


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The site is partly overgrazed, partly undergrazed.


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Any economic activity (forestry) should be avoided.


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Should be protected as a strict nature reserve.


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Ther site is threatened by water pollution from surrounding area (agricultural and waste water from village Käina) and excessive human disturbance.


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A threat factor could be extended tourism.


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Very important region for protection the whole ecosystem of islands with special attention to waterfowls and coastal plant communities.


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Possible threats would be forest clear cutting and trampling.


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The main threat is becomming covered with forest following the dissapearence of rare species. The site is also threatened by human activity: forest planting, building, gravel querries and roads.


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The water level of Koigi lake has been lowered and therefore the process of overgrowing is quite intensive. There are some peat mill areas in the northern part of mire. The marginal parts have been drained and are used as hay meadows.


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The main threat is extending of gravel querry, also the ending of grazing, it results in complete owergrowing with bushes, disappearance of unique plant species and communities.


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Threatened by tourism. Ending grazing on these alvars causes overgrowing with bushes soon.


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Threats by pollution cause surplus of nutrients in coastal waters. As grazing and mowing is decreasing the coastal meadows are overgrowing with bushes. The transmission lines over the strait are dangerous to waterfowls as they injure and kill more than 50 swans per year.


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Haliaeetus albicilla may suffer from human impact: forestry and presence of people; orchid species may be disturbed by forestry.


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The meadow is threatened by overgrowing with junipers. In some places heavy trucks have driven and so caused harm to soil and vegetation.


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The broad-leaved forest is in good state and any forestry shall be harmful at the moment. Sea-shores should not be visited in the nesting period of birds.


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In the forest clear cutting should be avoided. Some soft managment may be useful. The more extensive managment of grasslands is very much recommended (especially grazing). Heavy pressure from tourism will be harmful for the forest and grassland ecosystems.


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Threatened by overgrowing because of the diminishing of grazing.


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The main threat is complete ending of grazing as owergrowing with bushes follows. Small part of the area has been spoiled because of unsuccessful attempt of afforesting.


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The main threats are associated with human activity: building, gravel querries and roads.


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Rahuste coastal meadows can be threatened by excessive grazing. The islet is without any human impact. The threats could also be trumpling and disturbing the nesting birds.


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Threats: islets - trumpling, disturbing of birds; coastal meadows - overgrowing with junipers and reeds.


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Main threats are: overgrowing with junipers and reed invasion.


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The whole forest should be preserved as strict nature reserve.


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The whole forest should be preserved as a strict nature reserve.


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Human impact is probably not strong. Fishing has some role to do around the islet. Naturally, seals may suffer because of human activities.


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The main threat factor could be trumpling.


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The forest is threatened by forestry, sand dunes by trumpling, coastal meadow by overgrowing with bushes and reed invasion.


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Changing the water conditions can be harmful.


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Main threat could be overgrowing with bushes and reed invasion because of diminishing of grazing.


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Threat may be caused by neighbouring gravel querry influence on the aquating conditions.


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Forest cutting or melioration in bog's surroundings must be prevented.


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Threatened by possible change of hydrological regime which is connected with peat extraction. There is an information that cutting of several old tree stands is planned.


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Possible draining or cutting of surrounding forests should be prevented.


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Small reserves in most valuable parts should be established Threats include possible melioration, development of new roads through the tract and intensification of forest management (already observed in 1996!).


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Possible threats: recreation, changes in land use. The site is still hardly affected by hydroelectric power stations (rapid water level fluctuations) lying both in upper and lower waters. Several small gravel and sand pits lie close to the territory. Expansion of these should not be permitted.


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Threatened by possible forest cutting and melioration works in the area.


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Possible cutting of old tree stands or river regulations should not be permitted.


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Threatened due to leakage of unsufficiently treated waste water from Aluksne city. The pollution is caused also due to excessive fertilising of surrounding africultural land. Increased recreation is observed as well.


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Bird colonies are threatened by growing trees which are used as perching sites of crows, ravens and other nest predators.


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Threatened by planned clearcuts. Since 1991 when site has been checked previous time, forest cutting has been carried out already; fortunately, these activities did not touch most valuable tree stands. The forest in whole area must be preserved, preventing further peat extraction, new road developments, change of hydrological regime.


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Threatened by excessive water eutrophication (especially Akavina) due to beaver activities which negatively affects Margaritifera margaritifera and trout populations. Forest cutting along the river shores should not be permitted.


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An existence of Pteromys volans is threatened by intensive cutting of Aspen woods before trees reach age convenient for the species (80 years and more). Fragmentation of this forest tract will cause a remarkable decrease in the diversity of species, both plant and animal.


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The draining of bogs and forests as well as continuation of peat extraction and excessive forest exploitation must be stopped.


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Drainage and peat exttraction as well as cutting of surrounding woods should not be allowed.


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Threatened by possible cutting of old Black Alder stands, drainage and development of new roads through the forest tract to facilitate the forest management activities. About one-third of old forest stands in 1996 (compared with 1991) have been cut.


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The tract must be preserved without any forest management: nor drainage or cutting.


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It is possible to destroy Trapa natans population by fishing nets. In comparison with 1932., the number of Trapa natans has decreased 5-6 times. The contents of chlorides in the lake has increased 6 times, mostly due to agricultural leakage.


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No bog draining and peat extraction should be allowed, as well as cutting of surrounding forests. Anglers cause disturbance in surroundings of larger lake.


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Melioration or cutting the surrounding woodlands should not be permitted. Threatened by peat extraction plans in future.


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No drainage of the bogs and forests, peat extraction, cutting of old tree stands is allowable. Development of new roads facilitating flow of humans into the site would be unfavourable.


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Threatened by water pollution from Bauska hospitals and international racing place nearby.


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Agrcultural use of floodplain coast of the lake would be unfavourable for rare plants. If the lake is used for recreation and fishing, all activities must be under control.


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Large scale melioration works have been carried out in surroundings destroying other species (Bombina) habitats. Therefore isolation of population inhabiting the site has increased.


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The lake is threatened due to intensive use of fertilisers in surrounding farmlands, waste waters from cattle-farms (leaking into SE bay). Extraction of water vegetation to facilitate fish harvesting must not be permitted.


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Pollution of the lakes from agricultural lands must be prevented. Fragmentation of forest tract by large scale clear cuts is possible.


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The lake is probably well maintained due it's situation far from roads and human settlements. Development of tourism resorts should not be permitted. Possible cleaning of the lake's vegetation for fishing purposes would negatively affect rare plant species.


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Threatened by melioration of surrounding agricultural land which can affect water regime in the bog.


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The site could be threatened due to plans to cut forest growing on slope.


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Threatened mostly by uncontrolled recreation activities, pollution through agricultural run-off, removal of dead and fallen trees from woods on the coast.


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Threatened due to increased recreation. Several campings and car parking sites are situated close to the lake.


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Threatened due to uncontrolled recreation.


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Rapid overgrowing of the lakes is stimulated by water pollution. Water pollution in Raiskuma lake is caused by wastewaters from Raiskums village; in Auciema Lake by grounwaters from surrounding agricultural lands and cattle farms.


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Water quality in Rauna River is threatened due to unsufficiently treated waters from Rauna village and wastewaters from Rauna dairy.


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Threatened due to excessive Lampetra fluviatilis harvesting and illegal fishing. Heavy water pollution is observed from Straupe dairy.


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Fish populations are threatened by illegal fishing.


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The well-being of Margaritifera population can be negatively affected by increase of beaver activities: creation of dams and ponds. Forest cutting along the river must not be permitted. Water pollution from Spare school is observed as well.


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No detailed information. Forest cutting along the shores of the river would be disastrous for many threatened plant and animal species.


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Melioration activities are launched in surroundings, however, most important area is not affected, at least today.


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No information about threats. Possibly threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off. 1996. No threats recorded.


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The water pollution is not observed in spite of high intensities of agricultural activities in surroundings.


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Fragmentation of this forest tract by large scale cutting should be prevented.


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Threatened by possible draining of the lake, sapropel extraction, disturbance (angling and other recreation) during nesting period in birds.


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Threatened by possible intensification of agricultural practices: meadow ploughing and other.


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Threatened by increased recreation during summer months, building activities at coast.


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Threatened mainly by possible melioration which is already done in a part of the territory. Grass mowing and grazing must be maintained to prevent meadow overgrowing. More ornithological and botanical study is necessary.


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Water in the lakes is being polluted by agricultural run-off and surrounding villages. Due to land privatisation building of new resorts and camping sites are possible. The surroundings already suffer from high recreation intensities.


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Threatened by possible continuation of peat extraction. No forest cutting should be allowed on bog islands and within 300 m distance around the bog.


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Possible cutting of old treestands or fragmentation of the forest tract should be prevented. Dead and fallen trees must not be removed from the forest.


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Threatened by additional drainage, possible fragmentation of the forest tract and forest degradation as a result of the removal of dry and damaged trees.


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Threatened by possible restoration of land for intensive agriculture purposes, intensive forest cutting (already launched), military training activities. No melioration activities should be allowed.


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Threatened due to pollution by agricultural run-off. Any melioration and forest cutting in the valley should not be permitted. Grass mowing in the meadow areas must be continued.


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Forest cutting around the reserve would cause negative effect on area itself.


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Threatened by excessive forest exploitation in the area.


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Threatened due to pollution of rivers by agricultural run-off, high recreation intensities, excessive forest cutting along the rivers.


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The peat extraction in the southern part should be stopped. The consequences of bog draining should be prevented whenever possible. Forest cutting around the bog must be regulated.


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Threats include illegal fishing and pollution from surrounding agricultural lands.


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Numerous beaver dams cause water eutrophication which is unfavourable for Thymallus and Margaritifera.


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Threatened by possible extraction of sappropel.


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Any draining activities in neighbouring woodlands should not be permitted.


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Seriously threatened by increasing forest cutting in surroundings and in the site, as well as illegal hunting and fishing. Recently the meadows were regularly mown but now they are mostly abandoned and overgrow with schrub. Possibly both rivers are being polluted due to agricultural run-off.


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It is planned in nearest future to cut down approximately 10 % of the area - almost all most valuable stands. The territory is also threatened by draining plans.


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Mainly threatened by intensive recreation causing disturbance to breeding birds. New threats may arise after land privatisation and change in land use.


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Threatened by cutting of old forest stands, planting of spruce monocultures, creation of new draining projects.


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Threatened by high recreation intensity. The vegetation is being most damaged in western part where swimming place has been created.


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Certain parts of the Teici Bog could be threatened due to land privatisation in neighbouring areas. Any possible plans of draining or peat extraction in Pelecares Bog should be stopped. It would be very important to maintain forest belts around both bogs and on islands. In Pelecares Bogs old tree stands were recently cut down on two islands in spite of protection regime.


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Trapa natans population is threatened by fish catching with nets and spinings.


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Any melioration plans should be prevented. In the given moment (1996) the site is not threatened.


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Further draining of the forests should be stopped. No forest cutting should be planned within 300 m zone aroung the lake. Several rare bird species suffer from disturbance caused by anglers visiting the lake.


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Threats are possible continuation of peat extraction and further draining of the bog. No forest cutting should beallowed on bog islands and in 0.5 km distance around the bog.


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Any melioration activities in surroundings with potentional effect upon the site should be prevented. Forest exploitation should not be allowed closer than 300 m from the bog.


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Any draining activities in surroundings with possible effect on bog's hydrological regime should be prevented. No forest cutting should be allowed within 300 m distance around the bog.


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Any melioration activities with possible effect on the bog' s hydrological regime must be prevented. No forest cutting should be allowed in 300 m zone around the bog.


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No forest cutting around the bog should be allowed.


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Threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off. Coasts are highly urbanised.


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Threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off.


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No threats reported. Recreation intensty during the summer months is quite high, however, it has decreased during the last 5 years.


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Threatened due to high recreation intensities and close proximity of Sauleskalns tourist resort.


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Forest cutting along lake's shores should be prohibited. Recreation activities (observed in 1996) can also have negative impact on lake and it's surroundings.


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No reports about threats. Possibly negative effect on the ecosystem may have tourist resorts situated in surroundings.


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Threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off, possible forest cutting along river shores, increase of recreation intensities (water tourism and other).


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The nesting sites of rare and threatened birds (forest tract N from ponds) must be closed for any human disturbers during the nesting period. In the forests around the pond-systems a restricted areas around the nests of raptors must be established. The site could be threatened by intensification of any human activity occurring at the site, however, now it actually suffers from the opposite: cessation of different human activities.


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The meadows are threatened by melioration and intensive land-use, as well as possible land abandonment and overgrowing. Existing arable land must be maintained at the Dilles farm and cattle keeping should be permitted there. There is an unchecked information that at least part of the territory has been ploughed (not confirmed at least in 1996). In 1996 intensive grass-burning was carried out in surroundings: it is hard to estimate whether this affects the site. Small scale freshwater lime excavation has been launched near Dilles farm.


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An uncontrolled recreation can affect the site negatively.


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In 1991 a mill dam was renewed at the Bridagas farm but in 1993 it was destroyed by spring flood. There is no information whether it is renewed in 1994 (visit in 1996 showed that river flows in natural way - no dams in the included section). There is a note that the river can be polluted from agricultural lands in it's upper waters. Due to land privatisation, there could be attemptions to build dams and create fish breeding farms.


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The lake is being polluted with the inflowing water from Vilgale village. Frequent changes of water level negatively affects both vegetation and breeding birds. Destruction of present vegetation is possible due to sappropel extraction. Overgrowing of the island should be prevented in order to maintain the gull colony. Creation of artificial islands for breeding waterbirds is advisable.


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The site is threatened due to water pollution from agricultural lands, illegal fishing, increase in number of beavers (dams, water flow limitation, eutrophication), and possible plans to cut old forest stands along the river's shores.


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The site is threatened due to increase of recreational activities. No clear cuts should be allowed at the shores of the lakes and any activities which could cause a changes of hydrological regime.


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Threatened due to cutting of oldest stands (many of threatened bird species depend upon presence of old forest), development of new roads facilitating forest exploitation.


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The territory had been partly disturbed due to melioration activities. A waste disposal site (Kuldiga city) lies North from the site. Unfortunately, the waste disposal area often is flooded in spring and pollutes surroundings.


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Threatened due to pollution by agricultural run-off from surroundings, high recreation intensities (water tourism). Cutting of old tree stands on the river shores should not be permitted.


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Threatened by intensive use of land along the shores (farming), pollution by agricultural run-off, illegal fish harvesting.


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The values in the site could be threatened by forest cutting on the valley slopes of the rivers. Water pollution from surrounding agricultural lands has been recorded. This can dramatically affect the populations of Salmo and Thymallus. Further beaver expansion in river valleys can finally result as water eutrophication.


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Threats include excessive fragmentation of surrounding forest tracts by large clearcuts. No forest cutting should be allowed closer than 0,5 km from the bogs.


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Possibly threatened by increasing tourism in the area, caves in particular. Changes in land ownership can cause problems, too.


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There is no information about threats. To protect dunes it would be reasonable to include 0.5-1 km wide forest belt in proposed protected area. Data from 1996 lead to be aware about possible threats from Bernati village: intensive recreation.


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Threats include: water pollution, meadow overgrowing, increase of recreation, amelioration of floodplain meadows (the latter during the last 5 years). Pollution is caused by the presence of land-fill close to the lake. Possibly the channel between the lake ans the sea should be renewed. Unfortunately, meadows in E coast are not managed any more and development of natural succession is observed. Number of threatened plant and bird species have significantly decreased here.


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Peat extraction and drainage in the northern part must be stopped. If possible a consequences of drainage carried out in previous years must be eliminated. Forest cutting around the bog should not be allowed.


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Further drainage and peat extraction in the area should not be allowed.


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Intensive forest cutting was recorded in 1996. Cutting of old stands and removing broken trees would be very unfavourable to threatened bird species inhabiting the territory. Botanists noted also that forest works heavily damage the land surface vegetation.


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The river is affected by pollution from Cirava. No any regulation of river course and forest cutting on shores is permittable.


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Dry meadow area must be grazed or mown. Any possible river pollution or regulation must be prevented.


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Threatened by intensive agriculture, afforestation of meadows, water pollution. To preserve meadows they must be mowed or grazed.


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No present threats reported. Potentially threatened by water pollution, development of holiday centres, forest cutting.


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The territory is threatened by melioration plans. Old (dead or living) trees with cavities should not be removed.


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Area receives background pollution of oil hydrocarbons, heavy metals, chlororganic compounds from waste waters of the port Klaipeda, Kuronian Bay, Palanga Resort and Mazeikai oil processing plant. Possible oil import-export terminal construction northward from Palanga (Lithuania).


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The unique biotopes (in latvian Grinis) are being transformed due to melioration and aforestation and loses it's characteristics. Regular grazing and fires are only factors allowing to stop aforestation.


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The river valley could be negatively affected by intensive forest management.


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Deciduous forests must be preserved in the territory. No significant threats reported.


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Threatened by possible draining and cutting of forests, removal of dead trees with holes, necessary for rare woodpecker species (report from 1995 says that most of dead trees have been already removed!). Development of new forest roads is possible.


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Draining of the bog and surrounding forests is possible in future.


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Main threats are increased human disturbance and possible building development, melioration of forests and meadows. Rich population of Eryngium maritimum could be collection of these plants for decorations.


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Melioration of the bog and surrounding forests should not be allowed.


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Serious threat is increase of disturbance due to building at coast and expansion of Liepaja city. Any kind of water pollution should be prevented. Main pollution source is the factory "Sarkanais Metalurgs". Melioration of meadows should not be allowed. Great problem is cessation of mowing and cattle grazing in many meadow areas around the lake. This will lead to meadow overgrowing and drastical decrease in threatened meadow plant, bird and invertebrate species. One of the most important breeding sites for waders lie in the Liepaja City (East coast). This place is seriously threatened due to high recreation intensities causing serious disturbance to breeding birds.


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Main threats include the spread of uniform reedbeds onto the lake and also onto former Carex meadows as a result of land abandonment. Intensification of tourism activities (building new summer cottages at coast etc.) would cause threats for local population of breeding birds and passaging waders and land-birds along neighbouring seaboard. The losing water quality due to pollution is also possible.


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The site is threatened according to earlier made projects on peat extraction in these bogs. No forest cutting on land peninsulas and around the bog is permittable nor any drainage activities.


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Main threat is disturbed hydrological regime as a consequence of peat extraction along the western side of the bog. There is a need to destroy the ditch system after finishing peat extraction.


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Draining in surroundings may affect the forests.


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Fish (salmonid) populations are negatively affected due to illegal fishing.


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Nature values at the site may be threatened by increase of uncontrolled tourism, illegal fishing and cutting forests along the shores of the river.


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Ploughing of some floodplain meadow areas destroy natural plant communities. A new hotel has been built near the Riga-Tallin highway. This can increase recreation in the area and water pollution as well.


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Threats include increase of recreation (mainly in coastal area), intensification of agriculture in the river's lower waters.


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Threatened due to increasing recreation activities.


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The lake could be threatened in a result of intensification of agriculture in surroundings.


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Threatened due to increase of recreation, use of fertilisers in surrounding agricultural lands. Removal of fallen and dead trees in the forests should not be permitted.


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The site is threatened due to increase of recreation, especially around the camping situated at the Augstrozes Lielezers. No forest cutting within 0.5 km borderzone around the Madiesenu bog is allowable as well as in the rich forest areas in the South. However, during the last 5 years this forest area has been strongly affected by excessive forest management.


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Forest management in the neigbouring area causes disturbance to breeding birds, as well as fishing in the Sokka lake.


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An improvement of the bog's vicinity is possible due to land privatisation. This would cause additional disturbance for breeding birds. No melioration or cutting of forests within 0.5 km zone around the bog is allowable.


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Excessive forest cutting around the bog must be stopped. Any change of hydrological regime should be prevented.


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Any forest exploitation within 300 m belt around the bog should not be allowed.


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No forest cutting within 300 m zone around the bog should be allowed.


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Threatened due to uncontrolled recreation. The lake is favourite leisure site of Limbazi town inhabitants.


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Threatened by strong pollution from the Limbazi town: unsuficiently treated wastewaters fall directly into the lake stimulating the eutrophication. There are high recreation intensities; mainly sports angling causing serious disturbance to breeding birds. Restrictions, that regulate entrance in the lake during the breeding season, do not functionate.


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Fauna and flora at the site is threatened both by disturbance (recreation) and habitat loss (meadow and lagoon overgrowing with reeds and schrub). Locally the threat is building at the coast: rennovation of harbour at town Ainazi. Coastal eutrophication is not a major threat today but probably will affect the coast in future. Planned building of new recreation centres and resorts would increase human presence at the coast during the breeding season of birds.


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Further drainage, peat extraction and intensive forest exploitation should be prevented in the territory.


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Threatened by any possible activity that could destroy the fen ecosystem: drainage in surroundings, cutting of wet forests in surroundings and on islands.


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Drainage, peat extraction and cutting of surrounding forests should not be allowed.


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No drainage of the surrounding areas should be permitted.


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Gravel extraction has been launched in the southern part of the hill range.


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No drainage and peat extraction should be allowed. Cutting of forest belts around the bogs would also cause unfavourable changes in area's bird fauna.


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Any building activities, digging new channels should not be permitted in the territory.


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Draining or cutting of forests in the river valley should not be permitted. Study in 1996 gave an impression that water quality is not good, at least last 5 km before falling into river Aiviekste.


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Not threatened due to strong protection regime.


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There is an information that Grey Herons have deserted the colony due to increased recreation activities.


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Building of new roads through the oak stands must be stopped. Cutting of old tree stands should not be permitted.


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Threats include uncontrolled activities of tourists on lake islands. Any attempts to change water regime must be prevented.


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Possible threats include: river tract regulation, cutting surrounding treestands, melioration of forests, beaver catching and destruction of their dams, cessation of mowing in floodplain meadows. High recreation intensities during berry-picking and mushroom collection time.


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Threatened by large scale clear cuts in forests separating bogs.


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Threatened due to possible projects of sapropel extraction or change of hydrological regime. The lake Lobes complex could be threatened in future due to Riga-Moscow highway development close (South) to the lake.


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Any attempts to drain the area or to start cutting forests should be prevented.


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Forests in Ogre valley are negatively affected by recreation which cause sinanthropisation of flora, mechanical damaging of groundcover. Meadows are intensively used as pastures which cause erosion of soil.


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All plans of peat extraction or draining should be prevented.


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Continuation of peat extraction should not be permitted. If possible a hydrological regime favourable for wildlife in extracted part of the bog should be restored.


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Draining, peat extraction in the bog or water level change in the lake should not be permitted.


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The lake in the middle of the bog is favourite place for anglers. Numerous visitors cause disturbance for breeding birds. Melioration of the bog should not be allowed.


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The Lake Ciriss is threatened by rapid water eutrophication caused by agricultural run-off. The lake has high recreation intensity because surrounding area is densely inhabited.


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If possible, the consequences of drainage should be prevented and previous hydrological regime restored. The bog suffers also from close proximity of road which occasionally results as permanent human presence also in breeding season.


