# Vulnerability text

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Shooting. Cultivation. Draining. Water pumping. Overgrowing. Pollution. Leisure.


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Draining. Overgrowing. Water quality hyper eutrophic due to surplus of nutrients.


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Raw material exploitation from sea bottom. Tourism.


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Draining. Overgrowing. Water pumping. Leisure.


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Plantation. Overgrowing. Draining. Water pumping. Leisure.


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Pollution of fjord due to surplus of nutrients from farmland. Boating. Disturbance on islets in birds' breeding period. Shooting.


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Lake is threatened. Turning hyper-eutrophic due to surplus of nutrients. Water pumping.


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Leisure. Disturbance. Intensive forestry. Draining of wet forest. Planting of conifer in open bogs.


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Pollution. Surplus of nutrients. Tourism. Boating. Disturbance.


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Shooting. Overgrowing, grazing rate decrease. Disturbance in birds breeding period. Bridge projects.


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Overgrowing, lack of grazing. Planting. Draining. Disturbance. Tourism. Leisure.


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Grass fields threatened by cultivation. Draining.


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Overgrowing. Planting. Tourism. Heavy exploitation of raw materials in important and vulnerable heath parts.


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Summer cottages. Draining of heath bogs. Tourism. Leisure. Boating. Fishing.


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Overgrowing of heath areas. Water pollution of lake. Leisure. Draining of wetland parts in plantations.


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Draining. Shooting. Cultivation. Overgrowing. Egg collecting.


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Water quality of lake endangered by pollution. Restoration projectis starting.


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Overgrowing. Tourism. Disturbance of displaying Black Grouse.


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Tourism. Shooting. Decrease of sea water quality.


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Tourism. Disturbance. Summer cottages. Egg collecting.


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Tourism and leisure is wearing down vegetation.


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Boating on lake. Pollution of river from fish farms.


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Draining. Overgrowing. Rubbish tip at south border.


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Very vulnerable. Heavy overgrowing. Draining. Cultivation.


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Tourism. Leisure. Summer cottages. Military shooting area.


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Tourism. Leisure. Disturbance in breeding period of birds. Boating. Shooting. Egg collecting. Tourists with dogs visiting islets. Overgrowing due to lack of grazing in some sites.


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Tourism. Leisure. Motor boating and shooting in lagoon.


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Tourism. Leisure. Overgrowing of wetland.


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Military activity. Leisure. Intensive forestry. Draining of forest.


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Leisure. Water pollution. Overgrowing of marsh areas. Boating.


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Leisure. Lack of renewal of oaks due to heavy grazing pressure by deer. removal of fallen oak trees, being detrimental to insect fauna. Overgrowing of grassland.


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Unique large meadow area is very threatened by overgrowing due to lack of grazing. Ornithological value already much reduced. Leisure. Disturbance along river.


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Cultivation. Cutting of reedmarsh. Overgrowing. Leisure. Golf course.


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Leisure activities. Expansion of summer cottage area. Overgrowing of heath by trees.


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Electric wires. Traffic. Danish climate.


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Waste materials are dumped on salt marsh. Moped leisure driving on bare sand flats at low tide.


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Pollution. Cultivation of river banks in upper zones.


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Intensive hunting. Reed cuttings. Overgrowing.


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mollution by surplus of nutrients from farmland and fishponds.


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Hunting. Fishing. Pollution by surplus of nutrients.


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Overgrowing. Hyper-eutrophication. Catchment area for Copenhagen water supply which causes low groundwater stand.


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Overgrowing. Collection of rare orchids. Stopping of grazing in saltmeadow.


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Excessive shooting seriously affects wildfowl numbers and is the main threat to resident birds of prey. migratory and wintering birds. Marsh vegetation and nesting birds suffer from overgrazing by cattle. Poor water management damages vegetation and bird life.


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Some rare eagles and vultures on the brink of extinction due to intensive forest exploitation and hunting.


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Threatened by pollution, illegal hunting, reclamation, water extraction, pesticide/fertilizer run-off and by herbicides applied to combat floating vegetation which hinders fishing.


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Importance of site as a wintering area for wildfowl is reduced byshooting. Vistonis lake suffers from pollution (sewage of Xanthi town). Heronry in Porto Lago protected. Marshes, wet meadows and riparian woods around lake Vistonis seriously threatened by reclamation plans (1987). Mitrikou lake (Mana) now badly affected by water extraction for agriculture, after which intruding sea water destroyed the original ecosystem (1986).


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Threatened by development and road constuction which will entail shooting out most rare wildlife.


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Natural zones much threatened by agricultural intensification, industry and tourism.


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Recently much affected by fires and quarrying.


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Wildlife seriously threatened by shooting and poaching although hunting is formally banned in much of the site; Forest heavily exploited. Recently, further remote parts have been opened up and felled down. No-shooting zone insufficient to protect brown bears. A large reservoir and hydro-electric station is being constructedon the Nestos river.


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Heronry is easily disturbed by cattle or other visitors.


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Sea seriously polluted. Until recently, wintering birds threatened by shooting.


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Shooting adversely affects migratory waders and wintering waterfowl, especially since construction of access road in 1981; forbidden since 1988.


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Recently, a cement factory has been constructed very close to thenesting rocks.


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Area much endangered by quarrying and construction works.


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Waterlevel manipulation might affect breeding of unprotected, but a priority for wetland conservation in Greece.


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Major developments in 1985 and 1986 have affected natural and semi-natural zones around the lake. Run-off of agricultural chemicals, and a new fish farm have caused pollution of the lake and its basin. Bears are still shot illegally (3 individuals in 1986).


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The lake is polluted from town waste and agricultural run-off.


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Threatened by industrial development. Water of Kalamas river threatened by pollution from (a recent proposal) to discharge sewage of Ioanina town.


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Marsh drainage and quarrying are active threats.


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Recent reclamation of wet meadows for arable farming. Water manipulation may destroy this site.


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Delta under heavy pressure from shooting. Much destruction of delta biotopes during 1988.


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Cutting of old trees will adversely affect species diversity.


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Threatened by large development projects and changing hydrology.


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Part of the valley will be transformed into a water-reservoir in order to irrigate the plains of Thessaly.


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River forests much threatened. Endemic Centaura lactiflora, found near Koniskos village, endangered. Vultures and Kites in need of a safe, artifical feeding place. Cutting of old Platanus forests should be halted.


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Riverine forests subject to haphazard cutting, water extraction and reclamation.


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Construction of roads, dikes, salinas continues to affect important habitats and facilitates shooting and other disturbances.


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Threat from bauxite mining although not as affected as Ghiona or Parnassos. Intensive summer grazing with up to 20000 sheep and goats.


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Lake is eutrophic and becoming more polluted from agricultural run-off of fertilizers and pesticides. Shallow water is sensitive to fluctuations in precipitation and water extraction for agriculture and industry. Breeding birds of prey seriously threatened. Lake seriously threatened, in 1986 and 1987, lake dried up due to water extraction. Lack of sufficient precipitation in winter worsened this situation. Most waterfowl disappeared.


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The heavy grazing and the breaking of roads threaten the rare flora.


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No serious threats since human activities are limited.


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Shallow lakes are sensitive to manipulation of waterlevels. Tourist development has recently started.


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Wildlife seriously threatened by shooting. Digging likely changing hydrology, reported in 1987.


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Shooting seems to be major problem, and aprohibiton would greatly improve significance for migratory birds.


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Hydrology is easily disturbed. Shooting is major threat to birdlife.


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Lake water used for irrigation. In some years the lake is completely dry. In winter, heavy shooting prevents the marsh from functioning as a bird refuge.


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Shooting pressure excessive and detrimental to all birds using the area.


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This area should not be opened up by road construction. and deserves protected status!


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Threats may include uncontrolled touristic development, over grazing and fires which threaten the rare flora with extinction.


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The goats are a threat to the rare plants.


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The over-grazing is the only threat to the rare flora.


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Road constructions. funded by the E.C. to improve grazing land. are destroying much safety of the vultures. Fire largely destroyed the pine forest on the west flank of Mt. Tryptis in 1987. A combination of overgrazing by goats and fires is the main threat to the mountain area. Along the coast, intensive touristic development result in decrease of natural habitats, especially freshwater and brackish water ones.


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Intensive forest exploitation and marble quarrying.


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Draining and loss of freshwater inflow will badly affect marshes; Shooting reduces significance for migratory birds.


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Further opening of the high forests for exploitation is imminent, should be very detrimental to this refuge.


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In this region there is limited forestry, shooting and stock farming. Much destruction in recent years. Road constructions much impairs survival of rare species.


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Down stream, a dam and water reservoir has been constructed.


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Draining would easily disturb this biotope.


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Breeding importance for birds not well assessed. Lake Trichonis is an "Aqua" site.


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In this area there is limited stock farming and forestry that do not threaten the rare flora directly. Tourism, agriculture and mining are taking place at the extremities of the area.


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Threatened and nearly destroyed by urbanization and holiday housing.


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Marina and bathing resort was planned but only a hotel on a peninsula in the lake appears functioning. Shooting is the most serious threat.


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Shooting of migratory birds is a major problem.


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Stock farming and the laying of new roads threaten the rare flora.


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Beautiful marsh in need of protection, would increase in value ifshooting were stopped.


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Fresh water inflow could be easily disturbed. Recent destruction of wet biotopes for construction of a fish farm. Shooting is serious problem and should be prohibited.


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There is no danger from any extensive human activity.


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Human activity code 21 refers to water extraction.


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One of few known nest sites of Common Sandpiper in Greece.


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Threatened by modern forestry practice; plantation of pines whereold and open deciduous forests existed.


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Threatened by conversion into cropfields and draining.


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The increasing touristic activity due to the proximity to Athens is the main threat to the rare flora. There is also limited illegal shooting.


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Human activity code 16 refers to drainage.


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Human activity code 16 refers to drainage and dumping of rubbish.


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Wildlife affected by shooting and poaching. Limited illegal grazing. Future plans for touristic development.


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Linaria hellenica is much endangered by loss of habitat (reclamation for farming and weed control).


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Hunting often prevents birds from using this wet land.


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In need of protection from forestry (clear felling) and shooting;Brown bear on verge of extinction.


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Seriously threatened by forestry and hunting.


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Uncontrolled tourism and water extraction may impair this biotope.


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Zones to be protected need to be identified precisely.


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Conservation zones should be identified along the south coast.


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Pine plantations and hunting are main threats.


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Strymon river still has clean water, but pollution upstream in Bulgaria might affect lake. Fishery should not increase further andmay already have passed sustainable levels. Forestry and hunting may affect large mammals and birds.


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Main threat is tourism. Wetland is being destroyed.


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Road construction has improved access for hunting. Poisoning of wolves still occurs.


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Expansion of road network and intensification of logging activities would cause increase of illegal hunting and decrease of habitat diversity.


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Much threatened by cutting. reclamation. waste dumping and grazing.


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Vulnerable to grazing but little danger.


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Monk Seal most threatened. other threats unknown.


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Botanical sanctuaries need better protection from grazing.


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Impact of grazing on rare vegetation needs to be assessed.


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Overgrazing and fires are the main threats.


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Grazing by goats needs to be controlled.


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Affected by grazing. Complete banning of grazing is desirable.


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Easy access has increased threat from shooting.


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A small change in grazing habits could exterminate the species.


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The coastal wetland is being threatened by planned construction of holiday homes and other tourist facilities, many already built. Shooting is also a problem.


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Grazing and illegal shooting are main threats.


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Threatened by tourism. and destruction of olive groves (E.C. incentives).


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Grazing is unlikely to become a threat. Fires recently destroyed areas of forest.


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The intensive lumbering coupled with an extensive road network and the lack of forest guards will surely endanger the rare speciesof fauna and flora.


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The required entry permit as we enter the area via the only forest road has positive effects, however the area is not protected from November to April when the guards leave.


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The regular lumbering and the development of an extensive networkof forest roads and the lack of protection constitute a source o f threat for the rare species of animals and plants.


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At this time there is no serious threats except the hunting whichtakes place for a short period.


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The main threat for fauna is the ever increasing stock farming. The fauna has suffered from the hunting (legal and illegal).


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The lumbering activity, development of roads, limited grazing, hunting (legal and illegal) as well as the limited touristic development constitute the main threats to this area.


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The main threats consist of grazing, lumbering, road network and fires.


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The intensive stock farming is the main threat to the rare flora.


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There is limited lumbering and stock farming. There is also hunting and shooting.


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Limited grazing, lumbering, shooting and hunting present a threatfor the flora. There are also plans for touristic development, a disastrous prospect for the area.


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The stock farming, shooting, tourism and the extension of forest roads are causes of danger for the future of the flora.


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In this region there is limited forestry, shooting and stock farming but these do not consist a severe danger.


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At present time only limited illegal shooting and logging especially on the outside of the national park areas. The planned touristic activity will harm the fauna and flora.


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The limited stock farming and forestry do not represent at the present day a great danger, but the legal and illegal shooting are threatening the rare fauna.


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The stock farming is the main threat for the rare flora.


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At the moment not threatened, but there are plans of forestry exploitation that could have very destructive effects.


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The only threat for the region are the stock farming and the shooting.


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At the present time the only serious threat is the legal and illegal shooting. There are plans for the construction of a dam for aHydro-electric power station.


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A small flock of goats graze in the gorge destroying the vegetation and flora. There are future plans for touristic development.


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Forestry, stock farming, tourism and shooting threaten the natural environment of the area.


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The rare flora is principally threatened by the touristic activity.


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Intensive agriculture, use of pesticides and grazing are serious threats to the natural flora.


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Rare plants are endangered by grazing, while the illegal shootingthreatens to make Rupicapra rupicapra extinct. The continuous mining of Bauxite is however the main threat to this region.


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Modern intensive agriculture endangers the rare plants.


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The extending residential area is the main danger.


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The residential area (Village Khortata) threatens the two species of Paeonia.


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Intense human activity in the form of stock farming, extension of roads and tourism endanger the rare plants.


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The human activities such as stock farming, shooting, highways, tourism etc, threaten the rare flora.


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The main danger is the intense over - grazing which threatens some local endemics with extinction. Some may already be extinct.


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The very few plants of Adonis cyllena and other rare species are threatened with extinction by the goats that graze the area.


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Because of the steepness of the area the rare flora is not endangered.


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The steepness of the region is favourable for its protection.


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Heavy grazing is the main threat to the flora.


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The limited stock farming and forestry do not threaten the rare flora.


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The region is fairly steep and for this reason the flora is not endangered.


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Stock farming (goats) and tourist development threaten the rare plants with extinction.


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The intensive grazing is the main threat to the rare flora.


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Grazing and picking threaten Comperia comperiana and other rare plants with extinction.


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The grazing of the goats is a threat to the rare flora.


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Grazing is the main threat to the rare flora.


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Heavy grazing and tourists that pick flowers are the two main threats to the rare flora.


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The rare plants are severely threatened by the flocks of goats that graze in the area.


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There is no considerable human pressure, except the stock farming(goats).


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The touristic activity on the coasts and the over grazing threaten the rare plant species.


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The touristic activity on the coasts and the over-grazing of the mountain zone are threatening the rare flora.


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The region is not threatened because of its extreme steepness andisolation.


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The over grazing of goats is the only threat to the rare plants.


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The over grazing is the main threat to the flora of the region. The rare fauna is endangered by the illegal shooting and poisonous bait. At present (1988-1989), many roads are being constructed, with E.C. funding to improve stock farming, that will invoke many other disturbances, too much touristic exploitation could harm landscape and wildlife significance.


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Wetland is already badly closing in by touristic construction and rubbish-dumps. The dunes and lagoon, dry in summer, are also misused by motocross.


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Extraction threatens last available surface water upon which marsh depend.


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Rubbish dumping should end. downstream part should stay open and prevented from touristic construction.


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Road construction and house-building for touristic exploitation will increase hunting pressure and fire risk many new disturbances may follow if not properly protected.


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Sensitive to pollution, expansion of tourism should be controlled.


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Shooting now curbed by interdiction and fencing.


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All wetlands are very sensitive to draining and pollution.


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Water is taken, and beach area much exploited for tourism.


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Lagoon should be protected from further construction, shooting, motocross and touristic use.


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Vultures might be affected by powerlines that overcross the gorge.


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Tourism and related construction may destroy character.


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Natural ecosystem, waterlevel and quality should be protected from water-extraction, pollution and other evil.


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Marshes and watersupply need to be protected for a large array of wildlife species. tourism and touristic construction and pollution pose severe threats to this sensitive small-scale habitat and wildfowl refuge.


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Waterreduction will have negative effects on natural ecosystem. quarrying will damage landscape and disturb many other qualities.


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Very sensitive to poaching, pollution and other disturbance since situated near urban area.


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Character of old slope-forests and waterquality of river should be protected.


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Construction and electricity cables now hamper access of waterfowl to these small-scale habitats.


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Tourism can easily harm open character and significance for migratory birds.


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Some river pollution from the surrounding cultivations, most serious threat comes from road-constructing and building of touristic facilities, that will increase hunting pressure and decrease original habitat cover


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Fires and road construction would increase accessibility and illegal hunting and would reduce available habitat


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Road construction increase hunting pressure and fire risk


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Subject to housing and other poorly controlled alterations.


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Change of land use with intensification of agriculture-tourism-hunting, establishment of proccessing factories


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Intensification of logging and illegal hunting


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A small ski-centre is present in this area and there are plans f or its extension


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The road construction for exploitation of forest, hunting and grazing are the main threats for the fauna and flora.


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Intensive agriculture in surrounding area causes intensive irrigation and pollution, intensive hunting.


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Waterlevel is adversely affected by underground-waterextraction for agriculture, coastal dunes and beaches vulnerable to touristic construction, lagoon and surrounding area heavily used for shooting, rubbish dumping near southern access road.


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Intensification of logging and illegal hunting are the main threats to large mammals and habitat diversity


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Intensification of wood extraction result in increase of disturbance (illegal hunting) and decrease of biodiversity


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Grazing is the most serious threat for the rare flora.


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Change of land use (decrease of stock-raising) and road construction


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Farmers pomped out all water, firstly in summer 1992 which represented a catastrophe for bird-, fish- and amphibian life.


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Intensification of touristic exploitation will result in fragmentation of mature forest.


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Touristic exploitation results in disturbance of wildlife and decrease of available habitat, sea water pollution due to major ship route nearby.


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Expansion of logging and road construction facilitates access for illegal hunting, replacement of indigenous forest vegetation with plantations decreases biodiversity.


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Winter tourism development and road construction will increase accessibility and threaten raptor nesting+hunting areas


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No present threat, because the island is at the moment deserted.


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Uncontrolled urbanization for touristic exploitation would cause  serious habitat loss, illegal hunting is a threat to the raptors


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Close proximity of a heavily exploited touristically mykonos island, causes regular summer use of dilos (archaelogical interest) and rineia (hunting of migrating birds)


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Heavy pollution from the city of athens and overfishing, are the main threats to the birds breeding on the islands


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Existing plans for widening of coastal road willresult in heaviertouristic development of the area.


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Grazing pressure is a threat to the endemic flora, rubbish-dumps  and other activities, related to the close proximity of the city of athens, increase fire-risk.


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This site is grazed by goats, but not very much. A high fire-risk because of the proximity of the city of athens. Marble-quarrying (illegal) is a minor threat to the landscape.


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A serious threat for the rare flora is the grazing of this area by goats. Rubbish-dumping from the city of athens will be a source of pollution and will increase fire risk.


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On the highest peak,antennas for telecommunications and television have been recently constructed, close proximity of the city of athens results in heavy use for recre ation purposes and high fire risk.


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The works of reafforestation and embankment are a threat to therare flora. also the continuous construction of buildings.


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Planned building of recreation constructions would make the site  unavailable to migrating birds


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Illegal building in the district zone.repeated fires, probably connected to land claims


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Fires and heavy human pressure (building and recreational development)due to the close proximity of the city of athens


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Heavily grazed area. the flora is under immediate threat.


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The forest-road construction, the grazing and the construction of summer homes threaten the rare flora.


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Road constructing and consequent increase of accessibility is a threat to large raptors and large mammals


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This area is grazedillegal hunting is the main threat, along with the possibility of careless logging of soil-protecting forest stands (land slide-prone soil)


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The area is grazedalso, uncontrolled hunting and -perhaps- the logging of soil-protecting forest-stands, are the only threats present.


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Careless road-construction and intensive grazing are the most serious threats to the ecosystem


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Road construction through the gorge would endandernesting raptors and damage the landscape.


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Illegal collection of endemic species of reptiles and illegal hunting are the major threats present.


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Grazing is a minor threat. future touristic development could -possibly- threaten seals and falcons


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Illegal hunting is harmful for bird populations


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Wetlands and surrounding areas are sensitive to disturbances of freshwater regime.


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The construction of road along the lip of the gorge would facilitate illegal hunting


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Touristic development and intensive house building result in filling up of the lake with soil


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Land claims, illegal building and draining


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Intensive hunting, touristic development and building of holiday  houses are the most immediate threats.


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Repeated burning of the reedbeds is the most serious threat.


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No recent information. formerly, intensification of agriculture was the major threat to the habitat.


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Dam construction causes flooding of river habitats. illegal hunting and fishing increase as new roads facilitate access.


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Illegal hunting is a minor threat. planned road construction will increase accessibility and hunting pressure


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Flooding due to dam construction.illegalfishing is a minor threat


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Expansion of agrigultural land decreases available naturalhabitat


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Sand and gravel extraction disturb river bed. dam constructedupriver causes water shortage.


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This area is extremely grazed by goats and sheeps.the biotope is locally altered because of uncontrolled house building.


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Intensification of logging and increase of accessibilitydue to road construction, result in high hunting pressure. overgrazing by goats.


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Extremely grazed area by goats and sheeps.continuing road construction increases accessibility and illegal  hunting pressure


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Touristic and agricultural development result in pollution and draining (demand for land).intensional fires. illegal hunting.


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Grazing, hunting and forest-road construction, are a threat tothe flora and fauna.


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Sensitive to fires, increased water pollution, and -especially- to road construction through the gorge


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Fires, road construction, tourism development without careful planning


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The construction of roads through both gorges will seriously damage the aesthetic and historical value, and will result in illegal hunting intensification


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Pollution from and land reclamation for touristic development and agriculture. intensive hunting.


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Land reclamation for touristic development (house building) and agriculture result in habitat decrease. pollution from urban and agrochemical waste waters.


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Pollution from urban wastage and land reclamation for touristic development are the main threats to the habitat. illegal huntingof waterbirds.


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Pollution and land reclamation due to touristic development


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Intensification of fish farming and touristic development are the main threats to the habitat. illegal hunting of waterbirds.


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Tourism development and subsequent intensification of illegal fishing and pollution


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Logging of mature trees and touristic development are the main threats to habitat biodiversity. illegal hunting.


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Use of water for irrigation should be controlled.


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Small changes in hydrology may have far reaching consequences.


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Wetland sensitive to overuse, shooting and pollution from rubbish dumping and agriculture.


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Pollution from ioaninna town has been major problem.


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Overgrazing and illegal hunting are the only threats present.


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Road construction through the gorge, though improbable, is the only threat.


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Tourism development, logging activities and subsequent increaseof accessibility and decrease of biodiversity


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Expansion of logging activities will increase accessibility toillegal hunters and lower biodiversity


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Expansion of logging activities and of related road network will  probably result in decrease of use by brown bear and decrease of structural diversity


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Intensification of logging activities and illegal hunting may decrease biodiversity


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Waterlevel protection is essential to maintain wildlife value.


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Gormos valley subject to draining scheme. involving much destruction of vegetation.


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After the construction of an airport an oilrefinery. a huge rubbish dump. and many draining and reclamation works. there is no special biological need to separate this lagoon from the neighbouring ones in the delta.


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Shooting is major threat that reduces wintering importance for ducks and coot. Beach tourism in summer increases.


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Shooting and expansion of summer house construction major impairments.


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Shooting disturbance excessive. although size of lake allows sufficient movement of birds.


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Kossinthos river brings sewage of Xanthi town into the lake. Moist natural zones around the lake much threatened by reclamation. Riverine forest suffers from severe grazing pressure and illegal cutting (of old trees).


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Major encroachment is the open bauxite mining.


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Envejecimiento y aislamiento poblacional de Testudo graeca. Capturas indiscriminadas de Chamaelo chamaleon, Dermochelis coriacea, Caretta caretta y Chelonia midas. Destrucción del hábitat y aislamiento poblacional de Chamaleo chamaleon. Los anfibios y reptiles acuáticos son afectados por las deficiencias en la calidad del agua y disminución de la capa freática. Caza furtiva, niveles de contaminación agrícola elevados, afección esporádica por visitantes y actividades cinegéticas incontroladas. Estado muy alto de eutrofización del Arroyo Madre de las Marismas; contaminación de la cuenca del Guadiamar por la actividad minera en su cuenca alta y por los vertidos de las industrias alcoholeras y aceiteras. Contaminación de la cuenca del Guadalquivir por elementos fertilizantes y productos fitosanitarios utilizados en las prácticas agrícolas desarrolladas enlos arrozales de Isla Mayor, Mínima y Cantarita. Disminución de las descargas naturales del acuífero. Aceleración de la colmatación natural por aportes provocados por la alteración de los cauces. Incidencia altamente negativa de la pesca furtiva del cangrejo rojo americano (Procambarus clarkii). Uso incontrolado de pesticidas con los consiguientes efectos contaminantes sobre las aguas y, con ello, sobre la fauna y flora del parque. Sobreexplotación de las aguas subterráneas. Expansión de las actividades agrícolas de las zonas circundantes. Presión turística, con amenazas constantes de urbanización en áreas limítrofes. Expansión excesiva de la acuicultura en áreas cercanas.


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Intensa bajada del nivel freático y por lo tanto desecación, como consecuencia de la sobreexplotación del acuífero 23 por los usos agrícolas. Contaminación por vertidos urbanos e industriales a los cauces que alimentan el sistema (Cigüela). Contami- nación de las aguas subterráneas. Salinización. Colmatación. Incendios subterráneos en los depósitos de turba. Afecciones sobre los antiguos cauces de inundación de las tablas.


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El conejo y el muflón de Córcega son una amenaza para la vegetación. Presión turística. Escaso número de algunas especies botánicas y faunísticas.


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Erosión, presión humana, degradación puntual de lavegetación y peligro de incendios forestales.


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Excesiva afluencia de visitantes en la zona de los lifos. Sobrecarga ganadera. Realización Fiesta del Pastor en la Vega del Lago Enol.


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Excesiva presión humana, alteración de los lagos y corrientes de agua para aprovechamiento eléctrico.


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Sustitución de los bosques naturales por cultivos forestales.


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Posibilidad de puesta en funcionamiento de una antigua minicentral eléctrica cercana. Interés de roturación para instalación de choperas de repoblación.


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Peligro de talas incontroladas e incendios para fomentar los pastizales. Posible explotación de sales de sodio.


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Peligro de sustitución de la vegetación autóctona por choperas de repoblación.


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Riesgo de incendios forestales. Ocupación residencial de algunos puntos. Impacto visual causado por la autopista del Ebro. Repoblaciones forestales.


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Fenómenos erosivos muy importantes sobre todo en las zonas más altas. Aterrazamientos para repoblaciones y trazado de pistas forestales.


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Problemas Ambientales por la fuerte presión de visitantes, caza furtiva y riesgo de incendios.


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Problemas de erosión más acusados en las zonas aterrazadas. Incendios provocados por la quema de matorrales para obtención de pastos.


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Intensificación de la red de pistas forestales. Creación de puestos fijos (de hormigón) para la caza de Palomas torcaces en paso.


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Excesiva presión recreativa en determinadas zonas. Contaminación de ríos y arroyos por falta de depuración de las aguas residuales. Destrucción e invasión de vías pecuarias (Cañadas).


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Los problemas que amenazan la supervivencia del lince son la acción humana directa (utilización de lazos, cepos atropellos, etc.) la extensión de los cultivos forestales, la mixomatosis del conejo por ser su presa más usual, el riesgo de endogamia por existir poblaciones aisladas, la baja tasa de reproducción.


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Perforación de las barreras calcáreas que cierran las lagunas. Procesos de urbanización anarquica. Usos agrícolas incontrolados. Construcción de playas artificiales. Vertidos incontrolados. Quema "tradicional" de los carrizales. Aterrazamientos y re-población con especies alóctonas.


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Elevada presión turística incontrolada (no se respeta en nº de visitantes permitido al día: 2000). Elevado riesgo de incendios. Impacto visual del monolito situado en la Punta Figueiras.


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Afluencia masiva de turistas. Viviendas aisladas y en progresión. Urbanización en el espacio dunar. Fuerte pastoreo. Circulación de vehículos todo terreno. Extracciones de arena.


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Proliferación de pistas de acceso: generación de impacto. Actividades cinegéticas y recreativas incontroladas. Frecuentación excesiva. Alteración cubierta vegetal por incendios, quemas de matorrales yganadería. Centrales hidroeléctricas, vías de comunicación, tendidos eléctricos áreas recreativas, etc. Transformación por edificación. Minería a cielo abierto y galerías. Furtivismo.


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Roturaciones para cultivos. Vertidos de escombros. Drenajes.


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Residuos de minería. Desmonte de cerros.


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Moto-cross en la Playa de la Llana. Fuerte presión turística en la época veraniega que índice en la fauna nidificante y en la conservación de los arenales. Tráfico portuario y accesos de vehículos. Quema escombrado y vertido de basuras en el carrizal de la periferia del espacio. Défi- cit en infraestructura de uso educativo y científico. Falta de vigilancia.


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Excesiva afluencia de visitantes. Coches todoterreno y motos. Caza incontrolada. Acampada ilegal.


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Urbanizaciones. Extracción de áridos. Humanización.


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Sobrepastoreo en algunas áreas, quema de matorral, utilización turístico-recreativa no controlada y degradante del medio, recolección de especies raras y en extinción, incendios, erosión. Contaminación por vertidos y ruidos, caza de especies protegidas, urbanizaciones. A pesar del reconocimiento mundial y regional de su importancia ecológica, el área está siendo sometida a un fuerte proceso de transformación que incluye repoblaciones con especies no autóctonas, urbanismo, apertura de pistas, y que ha dado lugar a la disminución o desaparición de muchas de las poblaciones de algunas de las especies de lepidópteros más características. Problemas que afectan a la herpetofauna ; incremento poblacional del jabalí en los últimos años, desecación de balsas tradicionales, deportes de invierno, contaminación del río Monachil, coleccionistas, introducción del complejo americano en las Turberas de Padul y desecación de las zonas inundadas en éstas, atropellos.


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Afectan negativamente las actividades agrícolas debido a - colmatación de los bordes para expansionar los cultivos, contaminación de las aguas por pesticidas y vertidos sólidos, destrucción de la vegetación hidrófila. Presión sobre la fauna por caza incontrolada, nidos.


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Roturación del saladar para cultivos. Polígonos industriales. Escombros y basuras. Granjas porcinas y sus vertidos.


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INCENDIOS, TALAS INCONTROLADAS, PISTAS Y URBANIZACIONES.


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Desmonte y residuos de mineria. Construcción de pistas. Construcción de campos de golf.


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El ferreret (Alytes muletensis) sufre la alteración de su hábitat (torrentes y barrancos de montaña) y la fuerte predación por parte de la culebra viperina (Natris maura) y la comadreja (Mustela nivalis). Las talas abusivas, abertura de pistas, incendios ponen en peligro las formaciones climácicas. Urbanizaciones y parcelaciones, así como obras de infraestructura fuertemente impactantes.


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Presión recreativa del entorno creciiente. Alteración de la vegetación y comunidades de duna y post-duna por pisoteo y ruderalización. La laguna está sometida a crisis distróficas de ritmo aleatorio yy de origen natural, por homogenización de la columna de agua y provilización de nutrientes del fondo de la cubeta, con crecimientos explosivos de algas verdes (Nannochloris sp.), descomposición de los macrófitos y anoxia, aunque determinadas actuaciones como la apertura artificial de la Gola en el año 83 pueden desencadenar el proceso. Presión recreativa del entorno creciente. El estado de conservación es bueno. Comparativamente es una de las mejores lagunas litorales mejor conservadas del mediterráneo español.


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Un intento moderno de construir sobre S'Espardell fracaso, afortunadamente, ya que hubiera supuesto un grave riesgo para las colonias de aves marinas que alberga esta isla.


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Roturación del saladar para cultivos. Presencia de escombros. Residuos sólidos. Urbanizaciones.


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Emys orbicularis, Mauremys caspica, Lacerta lepida, Malpolon monspessulanus y otras especies de reptiles de tamaño mediano y grande son consumidas indiscriminadamente en marchas de supervivencia realizadas por el ejército. Sobrepastoreo, incendios. Elevada susceptibilidad a la erosión.


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Afección por sondeos de raptación del régimen hídrico natural. Presencia de especies foráneas perjudiciales (cangrejo rojo, ratas). Presencia inadecuada de vertedero de residuos sólidos a 1200 m.


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Dificultades de coordinaciòn de los distintos organismos estatales, autonomicos y locales con competencias sobre las islas. Precisa regulaciòn de la actividad nautica.


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Incendios forestales. Presión humana. Proliferación de pistas forestales. Construcción de nuevas carreteras. Degradación de la vegetación.


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Fluctuaciones de los niveles hídricos como consecuencia de las captaciones de agua. Sobreexplotación del acuífero. Presión humana, Caza furtiva.


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Proliferación de cultivos que inciden sobre las masas forestales. Cambio de cultivos que puede afectar a algunas plantas endémicas. Excesiva presión turística sobre algunos de los puntos más destacados (Calar del Mundo, Sª de Alcaraz...).


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Presión humana excesiva (turismo) y los problemas derivados (peligro de incendios, etc.).


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Desecación y puesta en cultivo. Colmatación. Eliminación de lza vegetación marginal.


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Problemas de erosión, motivados en parte por los aterrazamientos para repoblación forestal. Importante degradación de la vegetación en buena parte del territorio.


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Proyecto de presa. Presión turística. Vertidos. Talas y sacas de leña. Incidencia de los aterrazamientos para repoblaciones.


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Furtivismo, alteraciones debidas a las repoblaciones.


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Riesgo de urbanizaciones turísticas en algunos puntos, fundamentalmente cerca de valles fluviales. Presión turística en zonas puntuales.


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Presión humana. Construcción de urbanizaciones y minicentrales hidroeléctricas. Proliferación de pistas forestales. Desarrollo de pistas de esquí.


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Proliferaciòn de pistas forestales. Numerosas minicentrales hidrolectricas.


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Presión humana. Proliferación de pistas. Proyecto de urbanización, minicentrales hidroeléctricas y tendidos de alta tensión.


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Al márgen del furtivismo y del peligro de incendios el grado de aislamiento de la zona favorece un buen estado de conservación.


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Las comunidades de plantas estàn bastantes degradadas y se presentan fragmentarias, siendo invadidas por especies de lugares alterados (ruderales, nitrofilos, etc.). La acciòn humana aparece por doquier. Actualmente se prodigan los vertidosa de estiercol, cadàveres de animales y basuras en la cuenca de la laguna. De este modo se altera el paisaje y ensucian las aguas. Dado el crecimiento experimentado por la laguna durante los ultimos años, por el aporte excesivo de aguas residuales, es dificil suponer que pueda volver a la condiciòn endorreica de antaño, con oscilaciones de nivel periòdicas muy fuertes y vegetaciòn caracteristicas. La laguna del futuro probablemente posea un desague que mantenga el nivel y reduzca progresivamente la salinidad. En estas condiciones, las comunidades vegetales de aguas dulces ocuparàn el lugar de otras màs tipicas de ambientes salobres, excepcionales en nuestras latitudes.


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Problemas de la herpetofauna. Predación por jabalí, atropellos, incendios, infraestructura turística o de gestión forestal.


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Proliferación de pistas de montaña. Construcción de carreteras con alteración del paisaje. Presión humana localizada. Escombreras en algunos puntos del río Garona. Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico de "estanys" y ríos.


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Amenaza de construcción de un embalse nuevo, que por ahora parece suspendida. Presión turística en los embalses. Efectos negativos de la posible construcción de una carretera al norte del espacio.


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MACROPROYECTOS INDUSTRIALES, PRESION URBANISTICA, VERTIDOS Y BASURAS, EROSION.


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Extracción de áridos. Erosión. Presión turística en algunas zonas.


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Urbanizaciones. Tráfico de vehículos en exceso. Gran zona Comercial en la Playa del Inglés. Peligrosa contaminación en la Charca. Vertidos de basuras.(Vertederos incontrolados).


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Extracción incontrolada de arena. Caza y pesca abusivas. Incendios. Especulación del suelo creciente.


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Incendios forestales. Presión turística sobre las parejas nidificantes de rapaces (buitre negro). Falta de regulación de la carga ganadera. Vertidos incontrolados. Deterioro del patrimonio histórico-artístico. Erosión favorecida en las zonas deforestadas. Contaminación por vertidos urbanos e industriales (aguas). Furtivismo (poco importante).


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Peligro de extinción del Lagarto gigante. Restos de laurisilva de Jinamar.


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Presión humana, variación de sedimentos por control hidraúlico del caudal del río, contaminación de las aguas por herbicidas e insecticidas, degradación de la vegetación y las zonas costeras.


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Incendios. Urbanizaciones. Proliferación de pistas y caminos. Erosión. Degradación de la vegetación. Presión humana. Industrias de extracción de materiales calizos y yesosos.


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Intensa contaminación agrícola, industrial y urbana. Presión cinegética. Desecación ilegal de arrozales.


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Contaminación. Urbanización de zonas de marismas y adyacentes. Polígono industrial, canteras. Variante de carretera. Relleno de marismas. Cultivos marinos.


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La urbanización de los bordes del Estany destruyó buena parte del sabinar que la rodeaba y privatizó un espacio público no edificable. Intentos de transformar el Estany des Peix en piscifactoría. Extracción de áridos en sistemas dunares. Resíduos líquidos urbanos e industriales. Entrofización. Pesticidas. Banalización y ruderalización de las comunidades de psamófilas y del Juniperetum. La población endémica de lagartija de las Pitiusas sufre un exceso de presencia humana en S'Espalmador. La población de la illa de S'Alga está en peligro de extinción debido a las precarias condiciones que presenta el islote. La población de Podarcispityusensis gastabensis está prácticamente extinguida. Las extremas condiciones del islote y la escasísima vegetación hace difícil la supervivencia de esta subespecie.


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A pesar de que el sabinar está protegido en Castilla-La Mancha, la regresión de estas masas debida al avance de los cultivos es el principal problema de conservación.


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Alteración de la vegetación por construcción de caminos forestales.


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La urbanización del hábitat y los recolectores botánicos son las principales amenazadas para el espacio.


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Destrucción del escosistema fluvial y modificación de hábitats por el proyecto del Embalse de Itoiz.


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Incendios provocados para manejo de pastos.


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Todas las colonias de cría presentan una alta fragilidad por la fácil accesibilidad de sus asentamientos. Cultivos de pinares y fuegos reiterados.


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Relleno de la cuenca. Extracción de arenas de la dunas. Los dragados y rellenos producen numerosas alteraciones. Al reducirse su volumen considerablemente por los rellenos tiene lugar una pérdida de poder de dilución y por tanto de la capacidad de depuración.


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Vehículos todo terreno: construcción de pistas.


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Distribución de usos del suelo discordante con la potencialidad y sus recursos. Degradación y deforestación de los ecosuistemas naturales. Procesos erosivos activos. Repoblaciones de Pinus radiata y Pinus pinaster. Rellenos de estuarios y fondos de valle. Urbanización discordante con el medio físico. Vertidos al suelo y al agua. Introducción flora exótica. Instalaciones ganaderas. Caza y pesca excesiva. Degradación de dunas. Sobrexplotación de recursos. Incendios.


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Aislamiento y relleno de zonas intermareales. Vertidos sólidos y de aguas residuales. Pesca y marisqueo masivo e incontrolado. Construcción de muelles y diques. Realización de dragrados.


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Actividad minera del lado Leonés (minería a cielo abierto). Esquí en la estación de Leitariegos. Apertura de vías de acceso rodado.


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Construcción de diques y canales. Vías de comunicación. Actividad cinegética y recreativa incontrolada. Sobreexplotación pesquera y por marisqueo vertidos contaminantes urbanos e industriales. Edificación y.


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Alta presión turística en las playas. Escasa capacidad de un municipio extenso y poco urbanizado, como es Villaviciosa, para gestionar un problema que le viene de fuera, ya que estos usuarios de las playas provienen del interior asturiano. Construcción autovía. Canteras abandonadas. Urbanización desordenada, turismo y recreo desorganizado, cultivos. Arenales de especie alóctonas. Vertidos urbanos, ganaderos e industriales; lácteos y sidreros. Sobreexplotación pesquera y.


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Zona altamente humanizada con actividades de urbanización, industria y presión turísticas.


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Mayor asentamiento industrial de la zona: CEASA, responsable de una elevada contaminación atmosférica y de vertidos a la ría. Alteración del sistema de dunas por plantación de pinos y eucaliptos.


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DESECACION Y LIMPIEZA DE LOS CANALES.IMPACTO POR VIAS DE COMUNICACION.PASTOREO.PESTICIDAS.


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Contaminación de las aguas. Vertidos incontrolados. Caza furtiva. Industrias de extracción de materiales.


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Contaminación de las aguas. Presión humana.


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Proliferación de pistas. Canteras. Incendios forestales. Degradación de la vegetación.


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Furtivismo. Alteración del medio natural. Tendidos eléctricos. Urbanización. Cambio en las prácticas agrícolas.


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Embalse fuertemente eutrofizado debido a la escasa profundidad de la cubeta. Vuelos aéreos militares. Construcción circunvalación Manzanares El Real.


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Extracción masiva de turba en las turberas de la Sierra de la Morcuera. Incendios provocados para la obtención de pastos. Tala y pastoreo excesivo en el Sabinar de Lozoya. Presión urbanística. Presión recreativa. Incremento de instalaciones y accesosde las estaciones de esquí.


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La degradación progresiva del sabinar, que ya se manifiesta en su tramo inferior, podría acabar con su extinción, por lo que es necesario evitar que se talen nuevos pies de sabina, dado su lentísimo crecimiento. Así mismo sería conveniente el acotamiento del terreno para impedir que sea pastoreado por las voraces cabras que impiden la lenta regeneración del bosque.


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Ocupación del hábitat por avance del polígono industrial y cambios en el uso del suelo. Proliferación de zorros ante la existencia de vertederos. Recogida de huevos por coleccionistas o desaprensivos. Aumento del tráfico por los caminos rurales. Perros sueltos. Construcción de un recinto penitenciario en el área.


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Furtivismo. Urbanizaciones ilegales. Tendidos eléctricos. Cambio en las prácticas agrícolas.


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Abandonos de tierras. Incendios forestales Proliferacion de pistas y caminos. Caza furtiva. Apertura de nuevas carreteras. Expolio de nidos.


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De no establecerse un riguroso control de la actividad maderera podrían rarificarse algunas especies arbóreas.


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PRESION URBANISTICA (PLAN PARCIAL MARQUESA).


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Asentamientos humanos en los márgenes de la ría. Vertidos orgánicos de la población de Betanzos.


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Apertura incontrolada de pistas. Tala abusiva. Explotación de canteras. Incendios. Turismo incontrolado. Contaminación industrial.


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Tala, pastoreo de ganado, caza, polígono industrial: excavaciones de extracción de arcillas y vertidos industriales y orgánicos. Presencia de visones escapados de los granjas. Impacto visual de las industrias.


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Vertidos urbanos. Restos de fertilizantes y pesticidas. Eliminación de la vegetación de las orillas. Desecación. Pistas.


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Extracción de arenas, aunque parece que en la actualidad se ha detenido esta actividad. Excesiva presión de turismo y los efectos de su estancia. Derivados de crudos petroliferos que entran en ocasiones en las orillas de las lagunas, como conmsecuencia de la limpieza de tanques de muchos barcos proximos a la costa.


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Invasión del espacio por especies de crecimiento rápido. Presa de FENOSA y minas de líquito de AS PONTES, influyen en la cantidad y calidad de las aguas. Excesivo número de visitantes en verano y fines de semana.


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Riesgo de especulación debidoo a las expectativas de reconversión urbanística, extracción de arenas, dificultades en el control del espacio debido a la titularidad privada del suelo, acampadas incontroladas, invasión por invernaderos de áreas de altovalor naturalístico, vertidos agrícolas, tanto sólidos como líquidos. Sobreexplotación de aguas subterráneas.


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Erosión no contenida que avanza rápidamente, experiencias repobladoras fracasadas, contaminación por residuos solidos. Extrema degradación del suelo. Ecsiva presión ganadera. Arranque de plantas. Empleo de cebos envenenados.


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Problemática de la vegetación: sobrepastoreo de ganado lanar y caprino, talas ilegales, ciertos tratamientos selvícolas que favorecen la erosión y eliminan vegetación autóctona, recolección de especies en general para su inclusión en herbarios, incendios, pistas forestales, construcción de urbanizaciones o proyectos urbanísticos. Problemática de la fauna: cambios en usos tradicionales del suelo, deforestación y destrucción del bosque y matorral mediterráneo, urbanización excesiva, repoblaciones con especies alóctonas, apertura de canteras a cielo abierto, sobrepastoreo, furtivismo, cetrería, coleccionismo y capturas incontroladas.


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Molestias derivadas de la continua actividad agrícola de secano en la zona . En las proximidades de la Laguna Juncosa hay urbanizaciones, respecto a la Laguna Salada hay proyectos urbanísticos aprobados.


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Molestias derivadas de caza de especies controlada o no, afección por actividad agrícola de secano y regadio de forma esporádica, carga ganadera esporádica, acción erosiva en el entorno que no origina colmatación en la laguna, proyectos urbanísticos.aprobados.


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Afección por actividad agrícola de secano esporádica, vertidos líquidos esporádicos en la laguna de Taraje, infraestructuras territoriales en el entorno que causan molestias en la laguna de Comisario.


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Numerosas pistas. Impacto visual repetidor. Sobreexplotación de leña y madera. Fuego.


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Molestias derivadas de la continua actividad agrícola de secano. Leve afección por carga ganadera esporádica.


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La ocupación humana del territorio desde muy antiguo ha producido importantes alteraciones en flora y fauna. Fuegos forestales. Exceso de presión recreativa. Erosión. Campo de tiro militar. Caza de aves marinas protegidas.


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Uso de venenos (4 buitres leonados y 2 negros muertos por estricnina en 1986).


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Caza furtiva, contaminación y salinización de las aguas, degradación de la vegetación, desvío artificial del cauce del río. Presión humana.


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Amenaza de colmatación y erosión en márgenes. Amenaza derivada de la actividad cinegética. Contaminación agrícola inmediata a la cuenca.


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Desarticulación del régimen hídrico natural especialmente la conexión de las lagunas Amarga y Dulce, al estar esta última desecada; impacto negativo de los aprovechamientos agrarios del entorno sobre terrenos con graves riesgos erosivos; impacto negativo de las actividades extractivas.


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Incendios forestales, apertura de pistas, excesiva frecuentación, industrias extractivas, erosión y degradación de la vegetación por excesivo número de capra hispanica.


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Degradación de la vegetación, extracción de minerales, presión humana, proliferación de pistas forestales.


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Incendios forestales, maniobras militares, sobrepastoreo, presión humana.


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Vertidos, erosión de la cuenca, etc. La carpa común (Ciprinus carpio) fue introducida en esta laguna, lo cual en cierta medida causó la desaparición de la vegetación subacuática y la eutrofización de las aguas. Diversas actuaciones de manejo del ecosistema han erradicado a esta especie y recuperado tan interesante laguna.


TEXT:
Las poblaciones de quirópteros se encuentran amenazadas por - alteración de las cuevas, deforestación, sobreutilización de insecticidas, perturbación de lugares de cría e hibernación. Especies como águila real, perdicera y búho real ven reducidas sus poblaciones por la caza, perturbación de sus nidos o deforestación. Las rapaces más vulnerables son aguilucho cenizo, cernícalo primilla y alimoche, que son visitantes estivales, pudiendo haber sido la destrucción de sus hábitats invernales uno de los faactores que más hay contribuído a la disminución de sus poblaciones. La flora del Parque se encuentra amenazada por la inestabilidad de la frontera agrícola, con suelos de clara vocación forestal ocupados por cultivos, por la deforestación provocada en el pasado reciente por una intensa actividad de carboneo y por la actividad ganadera, fundamentalmente de la ganadería caprina. Extracciones de aguas y contaminación (fundamentalmente por alpechines) afectan a la calidad y cantidad de agua del Parque e incide fundamentalmente sobre la fauna de Herpetos.


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Problemática de la vegetación: afección de la cabaña cinegética y ganadera sobre la regeneración natural de algunas especies, principalmente melojo, encina, quejigo y alcornoque: ampliación de la carretera nacional 420; línea de alta tensión de Nortea Sur, que atraviesa dehesas de densidad media. Problemática de la fauna: existencia de vallas metálicas, tendidos eléctricos, ampliación de la carretera nacional 420.


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Fragilidad y erosionabilidad del medio, sobrepastoreo, quema de matorral, caza de especies protegidas, enfermedaades de los pinares.


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Importante contaminaión por vertidos urbanos agrícolas e industriales que afectan a sus comunidades acuáticas, excesiva presión turística, cinegética, pesquera y marisquera. La vegetación está condicionada por tres factores ajenos al ecosistema: fuego, impedimentos de drenaje y pastado por el ganado.


TEXT:
Afecciones sobre la colonia reproductora de Buitre negro, trasiego de colmeneros, corte de Eucaliptus, incendios. Desaparición del matorral mediterráneo, tendidos eléctricos, pistas forestales, uso de pesticidas y cebos envenenados, etc.


TEXT:
Desecación de lagunas por manejos forestales, fundamentalmente implantación de eucaliptos en las inmediaciones e incluso en el interior de los vasos lagunares.


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Altos riesgos de erosión e incendios forestales.


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Regresión de la vegetación natural por las repoblaciones realizadas, introducción de especies alóctonas de fauna, paisaje amenazado ante la realización de grandes infraestructuras.


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Alto riesgo de incendio, degradación de la vegetación. adflñkasjdfñ.


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Afección sobre formaciones frutescentes de alta montaña de los rebaños de cabras y ovejas que todos los años se instalan durante los meses de verano en las cumbres, afectando tambien a las repoblaciones de pinsapo. Progresiva acidez que sufre el suelo que sustenta el pinsapar, al recubrirse con una capa continua de agujas muertas y restos de piñas. Influencía negativa sobre el estado fitosanitarío de pinares y pinsapares de diversas plagas. El principal problema que afecta a la fauna es el estado sanitarío de las poblaciones de corzo y cabra montes, afectadas de tres enfermedades provenientes del ganado domestico y que en orden de importancía son sarna, basquilla y brucelosis. En la actualidad se están realizando baños por inmersión con lindano de la cabra doméstica para evitar la propagación de estas enfermedades en elgunos terminos municipales (Tolox, El Burgo).


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Casos de alteración y expoliación del medio submarino. Ha remitido la presión humana.


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Excesiva frecuentación turística, posible asfaltado de pistas forestales.


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La extensa repoblación de eucaliptus efectuadas en el Berrocal en Almadén de la Plata, ha cerrado esta vía natural de contacto entre Sierra Norte de Sevilla y Sierra de Aracena de Huelva, haciendo desaprecer la posibilidad de contacto de las poblaciones de lince de las dos sierras, aparte de haber bajado notablemente las densidades medias de rapaces. Esta situación impide la continuidad de las poblaciones de grandes rapaces entre los dos parques naturales. Otra repoblación al Sureste de la Jarila dejó aislado un núcleo importante rico en especies situado entre Villanueva del Río y Minas y El Pedroso. Tendidos eléctricos. Contaminación fluvial, uso de plaguicidas, pesticidas. Cambios en los usos del suelo, con grandes extensiones de monocultivos y de repoblaciones de eucaliptus. Presión de la caza furtiva. Capturas indiscriminadas y comercialización de Mauremys caspica, Emys orbicularis y Rana perezi. En general anfibios y reptiles se ven afectados por destrucción del hábitat.


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Vertidos, residuos y contaminación agrícola, caza incontrolada.


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Caza, colmatación del embalse y contaminación por vertidos agrarios.


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Incendios naturales e intencionados y favorecidos por fuertes vientos, prolongada sequía estival etc. Plaga del hongo Hyposilon que conlleva la destrucción del alcornoque infectado, cuenta ya con más de 30 focos en el Parque, siendo el sector más afectado la mitad occidental. Problemas derivados de un inadecuado uso público (contaminación y destrozos en áreas recreativas y de acampada) y ganadero (eutrofización de embalses e impacto visual de acumulación de excrementos provenientes del pasto-reo intensivo de vacas y cabras durante los meses de verano). Impactos negativos sobre el paisaje y la avifauna de los tendidos eléctricos. Impactos paisajísticos provocado por los derrubios artificiales en torno a nuevos trazados de carreteras. Respecto a los problemas de la fauna existen los siguientes: estado crítico de la población de corzos, debido a la presión a que son sometidos por competencia con el ciervo, el cual precisamente por su abundancia ha sufrido una merma en su calidad cinegética y sanitaria; pérdida de la pureza genética del jabalí debido a los continuos cruces con cerdos ibéricos; crisis del aprovechamiento de montanera por el cerdo a causa de la peste porcina africana; elevadado parasitismo sobre especies de caza mayor. Captura indiscriminada y comercializacion de Emys orbicularis y Mauremys caspica.


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Cultivos de regadío, roturación de áreas para nuevos cultivos, presión cinegética.


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Excesivas presiones humanas, cinegética y piscícola, degradación de la vegetación, aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico que supone importantes cambios en los niveles de las aguas, proliferación de pistas forestales.


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Excesiva presión humana, alteración de lagos y corrientes de agua para aprovechamiento eléctrico.


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Proliferación de pistas forestales. Sobreexplotación forestal. Presión humana. Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico de las aguas.


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Excesiva presión humana, erosión, contaminación del agua caza y pesca furtiva, proliferación de pistas.


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Construcción de carreteras. Proliferación de pistas forestales. Alteración del paisaje.


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Construcción de carreteras. Presión humana. Proliferación de pistas.


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Presión humana. Degradación de la vegetación en áreas localizadas. Proyectos de apertura de nuevas pistas y carreteras. Promoción incontrolada del Turismo.


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Fuerte afluencia turística. Existencia de numerosas pequeñas presas en los cursos fluviales, con modificación de la dinámica de los ríos.


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Vegetación riparia muy vulnerable debido a la afluencia de personas.


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Alteración paisajística. Construcción de carreteras.


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Descenso del nivel del agua por sobreexplotación hidraúlica, extracción de áridos, excesiva frecuentación.


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Incendios forestales. Proliferación de pistas forestales. Erosión. Degradación de la vegetación. Tendidos eléctricos.


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Erosión, degradación de la vegetación, presión humana, expoliación del medio submarino, peligro de incendios, proliferación de caminos y pistas forestales.


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Explotación forestal abusiva. Incendios forestales. Sobrepastoreo. Canteras. Urbanizaciones. Vertederos. Proliferación de pistas.


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Alteración del hábitat de la lagartija de las Pitiusas. En el islote de Santa Eulalia la población de lagartija de las Pitiusas puede tener problemas por la abundante presencia de roedores (Rattus sp.).


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El único problema ambiental de la zona, al menos de carácter relevante, es la explotación de distintas canteras de arena, y su esporádico uso como campo de trial.


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Incremento del uso recreativo de la cala de Algaiarens.


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Residuos sólidos. Eutrofización. Alteración de la vegetación. Urbanización. Residuos líquidos urbanos. Presión recreativa. en la Albufera de Mercadal un vial ha alterado el régimen de circulación hídrica y ha provocado la desecación del margen oriental de la zona. La zona está sometida a fuertes intervenciones urbanísticas: ampliación de las urbanizaciones existentes y posible ampliación del campo de golf.


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El régimen hídrico de la Altantera de Mongofre se ha visto alterado con la construcción de una barra artificial para evitar la colmatación del puerto. La Altantera de Mongofre y el Prat de Morella por una excesiva presión recreativa y el vertido de recreativa y el vertido de residuos sólidos.


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La cala está urbanizada (urbanización Cala Tirant). La sobreexplotación del acuífero y la sequía puede haber sido la causa de la falta de inundación en los últimos años. Las extracciones de áridos causan una fuerte alteración paisajística y ecológicay han destruido casi totalmente un campo de dunas muy valioso. Presión turística creciente, con las consiguientes alteraciones hídricas y efectos no deseables sobre la vegetación. El estado de conservación es bueno, pero mostrando signos de alteración creciente.


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Vertidos de residuos sólidos en las balsas de desembocadura.


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Residuos sólidos. Residuos líquidos industriales. Eutrofización. Presión recreativa. Urbanización. Residuos líquidos urbanos. Avance de la vegetación ruderal.


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Utilización del fuego en práticas ganaderas.


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Presión cinegética excesiva. Uso recreativo desorganizado. Entrofización, Pesticidas y Colmatación.


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Ruderalización de la vegetación, centrada en las sendas de los caballos en las dunas y en los bordes de la balsa. Presión recreativa. Extracciones ilegales de arena.


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Posible extracción de áridos en Mña. Bermeja.


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Presión residencial. Apertura de pistas sin muros de contención. Explotación de eucaliptos. Vertedero en el Bco. de Maya.


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Urbanización ilegal en Siete Puertas. Edificaciones inapropiadas. Movimientos de tierra por pistas. Erosión (debido a la Cantera de S. Lorenzo).


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Viviendas y urbanizaciones que ponen en peligro el área. Piconeras con riego de pérdida de estabilidad de las laderas. Compleja red de pistas y carreteras.


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Viviendas aisladas. Pastoreo abundante. Uso recreativo excesivo. Vertidos incontrolados de basuras. Tránsito de personas demasiado intenso. Cacería incontrolada. Cantera de picón en el Montañón Negro y en Montaña de Troya. Erosión de las cabeceras del barranco de Guiniguada por sobrepastoreo.


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Se llevaron a cabo extracciones de piedras ornamentales.


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Piconera en la parte sur del espacio. Muros de piedra.


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Posible extracción de áridos en la Mña. Bermeja.


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Destrucción del brezal para terrenos de cultivos. Vertidos de basuras. Fábrica de Tejas. Existencia de campo de fútbol.


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Una pequeña parte queda como suelo agrícola de explotación. Riesgo de urbanización. Deforestación e implantación de Eucaliptos (Erosión).


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Urbanización ilegal por Siete Puertas. Erosión (Cantera de S. Lorenzo).


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Edificaciones inapropiadas. Movimientos de tierra por pistas.


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Construcciones en la degollada entre La Atalaya y La Bodeguilla. Existencia de numerosas pistas. Casas tipo "casas-cajón" produciendo un gran impacto.


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Extracciones de picón en la Montaña de Troya. Erosión de los cabeceras por sobrepastoreo. Vertido de desperdicios y basuras en los cursos de agua.


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Construcciones de viviendas. Cacería incontrolada.


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Viviendas aisladas. Pastoreo abundante. Uso recreativo excesivo. Vértidos incontrolados de basuras. Tránsito de personas demasiado intenso.


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Vertedero. Erosión. Peligro de extinción a numerosos endemismos localizados en riscos. Extracción de áridos. Impacto paisajístico: Casas-cajón en el barranco de Tasarte que rompen de alguna forma el entorno.


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Urbanización La Suerte en Agaete, la cual, causa un gran impacto ambiental. Basurero en Agaete. El abundante pastoreo deriva en el empobrecimiento de la vegetación. Erosión por sobrepastoreo. Pistas de acceso y extracción de arena en La laja del Risco. Suciedad de los miradores en Andén Verde. Cantera en El Morro que lo separa del Valle de La Aldea, en Barranquillo de Montaña Tablada. Presión turística en casi todo el espacio.


TEXT:
Erosión. Caseríos tradicionales en retroceso. Areas utilizadas durante la construcción de las presas sin recuperar. Suciedad en el espacio. Reciente chalet cerca de la carretera, discordante con los valores arquitectónicos tradicionales de la zona. Desaparición de la vegetación y el suelo por sobre-pastoreo. Casas-cajón en el Toscón.


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Chabolismo. Intalaciones y acuartelamiento militar. Vertederos. Extracción de áridos.


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Diseminación de desechos de los cultivos de tomates. Vertidos de basuras. Construcciones incontroladas. Extracciones de arena. Existencia de viviendas fin de semana.


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Extracciones ilegales de arena. Vertido de basuras y aguas fecales.


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En las laderas se han efectuado aterrazamientos para la repoblación de la zona con especies exóticas. (Casuarina, Acacia, etc.).


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Viviendas aisladas e intento de urbanización. Existencia de numerosas pistas muy transitadas. Vertido de escombros. Movimientos de tierra por el tránsito de pistas. Extracciones de arena en la Mña. de Arinaga. Hornos de cal.


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Pisoteo de la vegetación. Tránsito incontrolado de vehículos. Maniobras militares. Vertidos de escombros y basuras. Residuos de Intercasa (plásticos y papales).


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Intenso pastoreo. Intenciones de encauzamiento de las aguas que discurren por el fondo del barranco. Podas de matorrales. Exceso de caza.


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Exceso de pastoreo. Acumulación de escombros que amenazan el reino vegetal. Vertederos de basura poniendo en peligro de viabilidad de los nidos de Calandrella rufescens, y de forma autagónica prolifera la existencia de ratas.


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Erosión debido a la falta de muros de contención en la pista de acceso a la cima. Basurero en Guía. Presión Antrópica.


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Edificaciones. Realización de pistas inadecuadas. Erosión por deforestación.


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Existencia de una presa (Cardoso del Conde). Desmontes. Vertederos incontrolados. Cementerio de coches. Extracciones de tierra.


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Urbanizaciones. Numerosas pistas. Presencia de una depuradora. Inadecuada roturación del terreno.


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Presencia de una presa (Presa de Arucas).


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Erosión. Vertedero de basura en Valsequillo.


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Proximidad de la urbanización de Mña. Vista Alegre.


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Pastoreo excesivo contribuyendo a la erosión. Vertederos Bco. de Silva. Extracciones.


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Presiones del complejo turístico de Playa del Inglés. Vertedero.


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Existencia de aterrazamientos sin muros de contención. Cercanía de la Presa de Soria.


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Interferencia humana. Vertido de aguas residuales.


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La existencia de la pista de aterrizaje de un Aeroclub. Extracción de Aridos.


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Edificaciones recientes. Vertederos incontrolados. Aterrazamiento. Apertura nuevas pistas.


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Aprovechamientos forestales. Carreteras. Tendido eléctrico y telefónico. Pistas en exceso. Afluencia turística. Exceso de aterrazamientos. Construcciones clandestinas. Actividad humana. Vertidos de escombros.


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Zonas antropizadas, ej. perforaciones de galerías.


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Recogida en exceso de ramas, troncos y pinocha. Exceso de visitantes. Incendios. Abundancia de bares-restaurantes.


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Presión en el Teno Bajo y Masca, principalmente con esparcimiento de basuras en el entorno. Muchos bancales agrícolas abandonados lo que lleva a problemas de erosión. Amenaza de la flora y fauna existente. Tala de arboles de manera ilegal. Poblaciones de Pinus radiata que amenazan la laurisilva del Mte. del Agua. Troncos de pinos almacenados en las orillas de la pista que atraviesan el Mte.


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Degradación geomorfológica (extracción de áridos). Formación de sorribas.


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Escaso rendimiento por el esquilamiento y falta de medidas para regenarión de pastizales y mejora de un explotación.


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Vertido de basuras. Extracción de arena.


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Degradación del área con pérdidas para el sabinar.


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Presión turística por parte de bañistas y excursionistas. Presión urbanística. Vertidos de basuras.


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Pista de aterrizaje cercana al espacio, en el lugar denominado las Petroleras.


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Los pinares cercanos a los límites del P.N. Garajonay, supone un potencial foco de incendios. Agresión de pinar sobre la vegetación existente en el área.


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Fuerte contaminación marina y antrópica, ocasionada por obajetos que dejan los visitantes (papeles, botellas, excrementos, etc.). Pista de acceso a la caseta, por la que circulan vehículos todo terreno. Vertedero.


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Actividad antrópica acusada por las labores agrícolas y el sobrepastoreo.


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Vertidos de basuras. Control pastoreo libre (peligro de la flora endémica). caza incontrolada.


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Existencia de grandes fincas. Multitud de pistas. Aprovechamientos forestales. Pastoreo. Construcciones.


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Aprovechamientos forestales. Carretera. Tendido telefónico.


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Numerosas pistas que surcan el espacio. Exceso de afluencia que se llevan muestras volcánicas del lugar.


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Construcciones aisladas. Poste de alta tensión que baja la Remo.


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Pastoreo extensivo. Carretera general. Poste de alta tensión. Líne telefónica.


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Indicios de cacería. Vertidos incontrolados de escombros. Pastoreo.


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Pastoreo que daña la vegetación. Presencia de tuberías que cruzan el espacio.


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Carretera que lo atraviesa. Línea de alta tensión.


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Carretera general. Tendido telefónico y eléctrico. Atravesado por algunos canales.


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Zona antropizada; galerías perforadas en el área.


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Construcción del Embalse del Río, nunca utilizado y que supone un fuerte impacto paisajístico.


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Campo de maniobras y de tiros del ejército en Llano de Maja que perjudica el biotopo.


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Recogida en exceso de ramas, troncos y pinocha. Exceso de visitantes en los fines de semana, lo que ha ido degradando el paisaje. Incendios.


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Tuberia (acueducto) de aguas residuales depuradas de Sta. Cruz de la Isla. Afectado localmente por actividades pesqueras.


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Atravesado parcilamente por una pista de la autopista del Sur. Obras tubería-acueducto de aguas depuradas.


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Impacto que permanece por el intenso uso agrícola del pasado. Actividad humana notable.


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La plenicie situada al noreste de la montaña ha sufrido aprovechamientos superficiales de áridos. Circulación de automóviles todo terreno por sus pistas.


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Piconera superficial en la base oriental de la Mña. existiendo una pista en desuso que penetra en el cono por el Este. Vegetación deteriorada. Presión turística.


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Extracciones de picón de Mña. Grande. Basuras y alquitrán.


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Carretera que los atraviesa. Canalizaciones de agua. Aprovechamientos de arenas y áridos.


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Proximidad de Vilaflor y Granadilla de Abona. Intensa actividad humana.


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Presión turística en las proximidades del malpaís.


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Deforestación, incendios, presión humana, práctica de escalada, expolio de nidos.


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Proliferación de pistas forestales. Proyectos de construcción de minicentrales, urbanizaciones y líneas de alta tensión. Presión humana. Degradación de la vegetación.


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Proliferación de pistas, actividades hidroeléctricas, presión humana, urbanizadoras y riesgo de incendios.


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Proliferación de pistas y estaciones de esquí. Presión humana. Proyectos de nuevas urbanizaciones y minicentrales hidroeléctricas. minicentrales hidroeléctricas.


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Sobreesplotación maderera. Proliferación de pistas forestales. Incendios. Erosión y degradación de la vegetación.


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Obras de reacondicionamiento de la carretera Berdún-Ansó. Degradación de los márgenes fluviales.


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Contaminación. Furtivismo. Turismo. Pistas forestales. Alteración paisajística de minas de arcilla. Urbanización. Obras públicas.


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Afluencia de visitantes. Vehículos todo terreno. Furtivismo. Obras públicas (carreteras). Contaminación (lluvia ácida de la Central térmica de Andorra).


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Espacio adscrito a la zona regable de Monegros II. Plan que alterará gravemente la zona. Muchas hoyas se han convertido en vertederos de escombros y rocas de campos vecinos, extraídas al roturar. Intentos de cultivo, pero debido al componente impermeable y salino, se ha desechado.


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Alta densidad de pistas forestales: erosión y posibilidad de incendios.


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Zona muy humanizada con abundantes cultivos. Tres líneas de alta tensión. Paso de vía férrea. Varias masías y casas en su entorno. Impacto por la proximidad del Embalse de Mequinenza. Drenaje. Caza.


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Presión urbanística, procesos erosivos, extracción de arenas.


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La captura masiva por parte de entomólogos extranjeros está provocando la disminución alarmante de las poblaciones de Pseudochazara hippolyte. Erosión particularmente intensa en la vertiente meridional. Escasez de agua.


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Erosión, deforestación, pérdida de recursos hídricos.


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Fuerte erosión originada por las frecuentes inundaciones que asolan las zonas bajas periféricas, fuerte presión urbanística, escasez de agua.


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Problemática derivada de la incidencia en el medio de las actividades agrícola y acuícola, aunque no es muy fuerte.


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Caza incontrolada de especies menores de forma contínua, molestias derivadas de actividad agrícola y ganadera esporádicas.


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Caza incontrolada de especies menores de forma continua, molestias derivadas de las actividades agrícolas de secano y ganaderas esporádicas, afección por las continuas actividades agrícolas de regadío.


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Plagas y enfermedades del pinsapo. Excesivo número de quejigos en mal estado debido al carboneo en épocas pasadas.


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Riesgo de incendios; falta de control administrativo sobre montes privados y públicos no consorciados; presión agrícola y urbana desde la costa, en los bordes; necesidad de control de la erosión.


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Susceptibilidad del terreno a la erosión, residuos sólidos, riesgo de incendios. W.


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Las actividades cinegéticas incontroladas constituyen un peligro para la nidificación de las distintas aves sobre todo la de la espátula. También pueden alterar estas nidificaciones la pesca, principalmente la de la almeja y el cangrejo.


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Elevada presión turística con amenazas de iniciar procesos urbanísticos que desmantelan el espacio natural; talas de sabinas y desbroce de matorral, con acumulación de basuras.


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Escasez de agua por deterioro de la capa freática, plagas, extracción de áridos. Los problemas principales que afectan a la supervivencia del camaleón son: destrucción del hábitat, capturas indiscriminadas y aislamiento poblacional. Capturas indiscriminadas también de Dermochelys coriacea. Impacto de los tendidos eléctricos sobre las rapaces. Presión humana por falta de adecuaciones recreativas en los pinares, lo que determina el deterioro de algunas zonas. Problemas derivados de las actividades agrícola y acuícola, aunque no son muy graves. Desecación de lagunas por manejos forestales, fundamentalmente implantación de eucaliptos en las inmediaciones e incluso en el interior de los vasos lgunares. Fuego, chabolismo, urbanizaciones actuales y proyectadas.


TEXT:
Problemática de la vegetación: construcción de pistas forestales, construcción de un repetidos en el pico Almadén, excesivo pastoreo, poryecto de ampliación de la carretera C-325 que constituye el límite Este de Parque, uso de plagicidas, herbicidas en agricultura, excesiva densidad de las repoblaciones de pino carrasco que dificultan su correcto desarrollo.


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Implantación de pinos con destrucción de sabinas, basuras, presión de los visitantes, construcciones ilegales.


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Vertidos, contaminación agrícola, caza incontrolada, incendios en la escasa vegetación lagunar.


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Caraterística contaminación orgánica en los rios generada por la ganaderia intensiva, que constituye el principal riesgo de molestia de la nutria.


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Elevada mortalidad de crías de erdeides en los 3 últimos años. Posible causa: contaminación por productos fitosanitarios.


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AFLUENCIA MASIVA DE VISITANTES. FURTIVISMO. INCENDIOS.


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Vertederos y escombreras. Posible construcción de un embalse aunque las obras están, por ahora, paradas.


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TURISMO Y ACAMPADA LIBRE. INCENDIOS. TALAS Y PISTAS FORESTALES. FURTIVISMO.


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Presión humana sobre especies en peligro.


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Visitas incontroladas y labores agrícolas próximas.


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PROLIFERACION DE URBANIZACIONES, PRESION TURISTICA, TALAS.


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Graves problemas de colmatación. Enrarecimiento de los bulbos de castañuela (Scirpus maritimus) que sirven de alimento invernal a los gansos.


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EMBALSES, VISITAS INCONTROLADAS, FURTIVISMO, TENDIDOS ELECTRICOS.


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Presión turística, incendios y vertido de residuos.


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TURISMO INCONTROLADO, FURTIVISMO, PEQUEÑOS EMBALSES, TENDIDOS ELECTRICOS.


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Caza furtiva que afecta a las especies en peligro. Incendios y erosión del suelo.


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Proyecto de presa en la cabecera del río Riaza.


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Furtivismo, quemas de vegetación palustre, colmatación.


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Construcción de un helipuerto. La recogida de huevos, aunque en la es prácticamente nula.


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Incontrolada extracción de arena. Circuitos de motocross en las dunas. Práctica de vuelos ultraligeros. Edificaciones sobre las mismas dunas. Numerosas industrias en la zona que comen terreno a la ensenada. Furtivismo cinegético. Contaminación urbana e industrial. Presión antropógena.


TEXT:
Ecosistemas muy alterados por exceso de presencia humana. Vertidos orgánicos. Basureros. Edificaciones sin control.


TEXT:
Concesiones de explotación de carbón activas. Sobre todo las de cielo abierto. Apertura de nuevas pistas o carreteras de Servicio minero. Modificación actuales vías de comunicación. Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico y tendido de líneas eléctricas. Caza.Edificaciones. Turismo y recreación incontroladas. Repoblaciones forestales con especies alóctonas.


TEXT:
Apertura de pistas y caminos forestales. Furtivismo. Actividades hidroeléctricas y mineras.


TEXT:
Excesiva presión turística en la estación de esquí del puerto de San Isidro.


TEXT:
Aprovechamiento forestal descontrolado. Proliferación de pistas. Quemas.


TEXT:
Urbanizaciones, presión urbana, contaminación aguas, vertederos incontrolados, caza y pesca. Red viaria (CN-332), cultivos, piscifactoria.


TEXT:
Fuerte presión visitantes. Viviendas segunda residencia. Contaminación de aguas y aire. Degradación del suelo.


TEXT:
Incendios y erosión subsiguiente del suelo. Presión turística sobre puntos concretos (Médulas, Lago de Carucedo). Incidencia negativa de un campo de tiro militar situado en el espacio.


TEXT:
Peligro de urbanización en algunas zonas.


TEXT:
TENDIDOS ELECTRICOS, MINICENTRALES, TALAS, EMBALSE, TURISMO Y ASENTAMIENTOS URBANOS INCONTROLADOS.


TEXT:
Presión humana sobre la fauna en peligro (Oso y Urogallos). Repoblaciones forestales con aterrazamientos, Mineria a cielo abierto. Embaleses en la zona sur.


TEXT:
Turismo "Ecológico" incontrolado. Incendios (erosión). Contaminación de aguas. Proyecto de remodelación de la red viaria (trazado de la autovía a Santander). Furtivismo de nidos incontrolado.


TEXT:
Posible incidencia negativa de la contaminación de las aguas y de los usos agrícolas.


TEXT:
PESTICIDAS, CAMBIO EN LAS TECNICAS DE CULTIVO, TENDIDOS ELECTRICOS.


TEXT:
Tendidos eléctricos. Impacto de visitas mal controladas.


TEXT:
Tendidos eléctricos que atraviesan la zona. Excesiva presión turística.


TEXT:
Vertederos incontrolados. Acumulación de escombros. Vertidos industriales al cauce de los ríos. Alteración paisajística por extracciones de áridos. Prácticas militares. Urbanizaciones ilegales. Edificaciones abandonadas. Expolio de nidos de aves protegidas. Ocupación de suelo agrícola para polígonos industriales. Falta de depuración de los vertidos urbanos emisión de aguas residuales sin depurar a los ríos.


TEXT:
Lo derivados del las molestias causadas por actividades naúticas incontroladas.


TEXT:
Riesgo de transformaciones agrícolas y repoblaciones forestales.


TEXT:
Sobreexplotación del acuífero. Desecación, contaminación y colmatación.


TEXT:
Desecación para cultivos. Contaminación por aguas residuales y vertidos. Caza abusiva y desecación por sobreexplotación del acuífero.


TEXT:
Cambio de cultivos de secano a regadío. Sobreexplotación del acuífero. Eliminación de la vegetación natural (sabinares) para la extensión de los cultivos.


TEXT:
El aporte de aguas residuales y la extracción de sales son los problemas más acusados. Vertido de escombros y basuras en las orillas.


TEXT:
Alteraciones de la vegetación y sustrato debidas a obras de infraestructura: tren de alta velocidad, oleoducto, etc. Contaminación debida a las industrias petroquímicas próximas (Puertollano).


TEXT:
Alteraciones debidas a la explotación de las repoblaciones forestales.


TEXT:
El estatus de Parque Natural evita los problemas derivados de los cambios en la agricultura, ganadería y otros usos tradicionales, aunque permanecen otros como el peligro de incendios.


TEXT:
Colmatación y contaminación en las colas del embalse.


TEXT:
Riesgo de puesta en regadío de algunas zonas.


TEXT:
Intensificación agrícola (puesta en regadío).


TEXT:
Persiste la caza furtiva de nutria en el río Arrego. La problemática del lince se centra en la mixometorsis del conejo (al ser su principal presa), la alteración de sus hábitats naturales, la acción directa del hombre mediante lazos, cepos, armas de fuego, etc., el aislamiento de las poblaciones que implica la pérdida de variabilidad genética y su baja tasa de reproducción, cuyos causas de desconocen. Area con serias limitaciones de carácter físico, elevadas altitudes, fuertes pendientes, intensos en irregulares precipitaciones, raquitismo y pobreza de los suelos, secular deforestación, potentes procesos erosivos.


TEXT:
Extensión de los regadíos. Tendidos eléctricos (cerca está la central nuclear de Almaraz). Contaminación de las aguas. Presión cinegética moderada.


TEXT:
Incendios, talas, pastoreo, repoblaciones. Proliferación de pistas y carreteras.


TEXT:
Ausencia de nutria en el mismo embalse de Orellana (control negativo) debido a la ausencia de vegetación y de guaridas potenciales.


TEXT:
Proyecto destructivo de regadios (Canal de las Dehesas). Caza furtiva de grullas. Presión cinegética notable. Registradas colisiones de grullas con tendidos de alta tensión.


TEXT:
Elimionación de culebras y lagartos por los guardas en las fincas de caza menor, habiéndose encontrado muchos lazos para la captura de alimañas, así como huevos envenenados. La existencia de carretera nacional afecta a los herpetos, así como los tendidos eléctricos a la avifauna. Parece ser que hay caza furtiva de nutria en la zona.


TEXT:
En las fincas de caza menor (perdiz y conejo) son matados por los guardas culebras, lagartos, etc. habiéndose encontrado muchos lazos para la captura de alimañas, así como huevos envenenados. La ausencia de Lutra lutra del río Guadiloba se debe a la contaminación del río por las aguas residuales de Cáceres.


TEXT:
Son amenazas posibles para la avifauna el riesgo de transformación por regadío de la agricultura, las urbanizaciones y los tendidos eléctricos. La nutria se ve amenazada por la caza furtiva y el uso de pesticidas en la agricultura.


TEXT:
Los problemas que afectan a la supervivencia del lince son la acción humana directa (caza furtiva, atropellos, etc.), extensión de cultivos forestales, la mixomatosis del conejo al ser su presa más usual, riesgo de pérdida de variabilidad genética por aumento de endogamia en las poblaciones aisladas, baja tasa de reproducción. Los mayores peligros para la supervivencia del lobo son: el tamaño reducido de la población, su aislamiento, la presencia de gran cantidad de perros asilvestrados y las transformaciones encaminadas a conseguir un mayor rendimiento cinegético en las fincas privadas. Por todo ello, la población extremeña de lobos se encuentra en una situación muy delicada, requiriendo su supervivencia a largo plazo, la puesta en marcha de medidas activas de conservación.


TEXT:
En las zonas de mayor densidad de parejas de ardeidos, vegetación muy deteriorada, aunque se recupera bien cada invierno, anualmente, bastantes aves muertas (causa: depredación o por ingestión de contaminantes debido al.


TEXT:
Presión turística fuerte y fuerte ocupación de zonas residenciales próximas. Presencia de canteras y vertidos incontrolados. Quema de matorrales para favorecer los pastos.


TEXT:
Proximidad de núcleos de población; proximidad de vías importantes de comunicación (carreteras);vías de escalada en algunos paredones; existencia de minas a cielo abierto (carbón). Presión turñistica.


TEXT:
Fuerte presión ganadera. Carreteras y pistas cercanas a los cantiles de las aves rupícolas.


TEXT:
Quema de carrizales y tamarizal. Numerosas visitas incontroladas.


TEXT:
Disminución de la superficie forestada por roturaciones, aclareo y sobrepastoreo. Construcción de pistas y accesos al interior de la sierra (sin referenciar). construcción de pistas y accesos al interior de la sierra.


TEXT:
Impacto paisajístico alto de la pista de Calmarza a Guadalajara). Visitantes excesiva presión.


TEXT:
Regresión de la vegetación natural por sobrepastoreo y talas. Roturación de carrascales. Central térmica próxima.


TEXT:
Reducción de jla superficie de ecosistemas semejantes en las zonas cercanas. Esto dificulta la inmigración por reducirse las posibles poblaciones colonizadoras; así como aumento de su distancia. Posible destrucción por los agricultores. Espacio recorrido por construcciones hidráulicas para riegos. Urbanizaciones de chalets. Contaminación de aguas por abonos inorgánicos. Turismo.


TEXT:
Pérdida de suelo por la extracción de áridos. Contaminación de residuos sólidos: basureros, escombreras, graveras abandonadas. Contaminación de los acuíferos superficiales. Modificación del cauce y dinámica fluvial. Masiva y descontolada presencia humana. Incendios, talas y roturación.


TEXT:
Proliferación de pistas forestales. Presión humana. Expolio de nidos. Degradación de la vegetación. Incendios forestales. Extracción de áridos.


TEXT:
Presión humana. Sobrepastoreo. Incendios forestales. Deforestación. Proliferación de pistas forestales.


TEXT:
Sobreexplotación forestal. Proliferación de pistas. Erosión. Presión humana. Proyecto de construcción de un gasoducto.


TEXT:
Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico, talas abusivas, presión humana, construcción de pistas forestales, promoción de esquí masivo.


TEXT:
Carece de problemas significativos específicos, pero localmente pueden adquirir importancia los incendios forestales y la degradación de la vegetación debido a la presión humana y a la proliferación de las pistas forestales.


TEXT:
Contaminación atmosférica proveniente de la central térmica de Cercs, explotaciones mineras, proliferación de pistas, fuerte presión humana.


TEXT:
Puesta de terrenos en regadío, y puesta en cultivo de zonas de matorral y baldíos; fuerte presión cinegética.


TEXT:
Incendios forestales, proliferación de pista forestales, erosión.


TEXT:
Furtivismo. Incendios forestales. Proliferación de pistas. Presión humana periférica.


TEXT:
Vertidos incontrolados. Incendios forestales. Proliferación de pistas y caminos. Proyectos de urbanización. Presión humana.


TEXT:
Extracción de turba. Peligro de urbanización.


TEXT:
Contaminación del agua. Degradación de la vegetación. Caza furtiva. Extracción de áridos.


TEXT:
Extracción de sal, Agricultura, Presión urbanística, Caza ilegal, Trasiego de gente, Repoblaciones forestales, Contaminación.


TEXT:
Roturación y destrucción de márgenes. Vertidos de escombros. Excesivo uso recreativo del litoral. Actividades militares sobre el saladar.


TEXT:
Contaminación por vertidos industriales y urbanos; colmatación y quemas periódicas de vegetación.


TEXT:
Destrucción de la vegetación por construcción de caminos forestales. Icendios. Furtivismo.


TEXT:
Fuerte presión cinegética y tala abusiva de encinas.


TEXT:
Las tecnicas de manejo forestal, repoblaciones, nivelaciones de terrenos son una amenaza para la fauna. Perdida de suelo y de vegetación autóctona con la consiguiente pérdida de valores paisajisticos, actividades cinegéticas incontroladas, creciente parcelación, urbanización y obras de infraestructura diversas. Desbroce y tala de vegetación ripicolas, contaminación por residuos solidos, urbanos e industriales en rios y apropiación ilegal de sus márgenes. La población escasa de linces se encuentra relegada a pequeñas islas sin posibilidades de expansión.


TEXT:
Problemática de la fauna: introducción de especies foráneas, acúmulo de sustancias contaminantes, marisqueo y pesca incontrolada sin respetar la veda ni las zonas de desove, caza indrisciminada de especies protegidas. Problemas que afectan a la vegetación: desarrollo turístico de la zona, creación de polígonos industriales que ha afectado a la dinámica litoral, contaminación del agua, aire y suelo, desecación de zonas marismeñas y proliferación de escombreras y vertederos incontrolados, construcción de vías de comunicación que han cegado canales, actuaciones en los ríos que condicionan las características hídricas de la marisma y el aporte de nutrientes y sedimentos, incendios forestales, drenajes que disminuyen la capa freática, etc.


TEXT:
Sobrepastoreo caprino, caza incontrolada, incendios.


TEXT:
Los incendios han destruido en gran parte las masas autóctonas de pino negral.


TEXT:
Procesos erosivos, quema de vegetación, expansión urbanistica.


TEXT:
Se ha detectado la contaminacion de una zona de charcos litorales en la cara W de Isabel II, por vertifod organicos. Como consecuencia, se ha producido la modificaciòn de estos ecosistemas escasamente representados en el archipielago. Asi mismo, se encuentran manchas de crudo procedentes de la limpieza de tanques de los petroleros que circulan por la zona. Ello afecta a las comunidades mesolitorales y supralitorales, asi como a los vertebrados ictiofagos, en los que se ha encontrado niveles de contaminaciòn (especialmente: foca monje, en peligro de extinciòn y aguila pescadora, pardela cenicienta y gaviota de audouin, tambnien amenazadas). La pesca de arrastre se desarrolla generalmente en los limites del refugio pero tambien ocasionalmente en su interior, lo que produce un efecto muy negativo sobre las comunidades bentònicas por erosiòn de las praderas de Posidonia oceanica y de los sustratos sueltos. Los meros podrian tambien ser afectados por la pesca submarina. El rapido crecimiento demografico de la gaviota argèntea y los incrementos estacionales de las poblaciones de rata y conejo pueden llegar a limitar excesivamente el èxito de la raproducciòn de la gaviota de audouin y de la pardela cenicienta, asi como modificar las comunidades vegetales. Estas ultimas, estàn tambien condicionadas por el aumento del acùmulo de guano. Los continuos aportes sedimentarios del rio Muluya estan originando el progresivo recubrimiento de los fondos del archipielago. Por otra parte, los materiales blandos de las tierras emergidas se encuentran sometidas a un proceso erosivo intenso y continuo. Todo ello, unido a la acciòn de los movimientos sismicos que esporadicamente se producen, hace prever su desapariciòn en un futuro.


TEXT:
Alteración del hábitat de la lagartija de las Pitiusas.


TEXT:
Zona poblada y cultivada desde antiguo, sufriendo por ello los ecosistemas de la cumbre una transformación radical. Sin embargo, los bordes de la meseta y los cantiles que la limitan mantienen un interés natural muy elevado, gracias a su tapiz vegetal bien conservado.


TEXT:
La sobreexplotación del acuífero es notable (aproximadamente 18 Hm3/año). El asfaltado de pistas y construcción de aparcamientos en el interior de la zona protegida, ha provocado alteraciones locales de la cubierta vegetal y, en pocos años, ha masificado el acceso a la playa. La presión recreativa ha crecido, durante los últimos 10 años, de una manera poco planificada siendo especialmente intensa en dunas y playas, con efectos presumiblemente negativos sobre la vegetación psamófila y la estabilidad del frente dunar. Se han levantado motalaciones recreativas permanentes en la playa. La urbanización afecta al entorno y ha avanzado significativamente. La puesta en marcha de las salinas y la inundación subsiguiente destruyó un farajal muy bien desarrollado del cual quedan retazos. En conclusión, el estado de conservación es bueno, con tendencia a la degradación progresiva por la presión turística y recreativa.


TEXT:
Durante las últimas décadas, el problema ambiental más grave fueron las maniobras militares, con participación de un millar de soldados y uso de fuego real de artillería contra varios islotes (hoy la abundante metralla y alguna que otra bomba sin estallar son testimonio potente). Otro colectivo que puede ser fuente de conflictos es el de los pescadores ya que, sólo la pesca es la única actividad económica permitida (aparte de una insignificante explotación agropecuaria en la isla mayor y del importante negocio de las visitas turísticas). El tercer problema, absolutamente real y verdaderamente acuciante, es el del turismo naútico, sólo y mezclado con el sector promotor de puertos deportivos en la costa mallorquina adyacente. Por último, debemos mencionar las toneladas de residuos de plástico, vidrio, metal, etc, que se encuentran esparcidos en los fondos de Cabrera.


TEXT:
Bonalización y ruderalización de las comunidades de dunas y de helófitos. Vertidos, rellenos, creación de viales. Excesiva presión recreativa. El Cañaveral está atravesado por viales de comunicación entre la zona urbana y la playa que alteran la tranquilidad del mismo para la avifauna. Toda esta zona está afectada por las urbanizaciones de Torre Solí y Sant Jaume, en las laderas interiores de Son Bou, así como algunas construcciones tan mastodárticas como inconvenientes en el extremo este. La protección legal, sin embargo, parece haber puesto coto a las urbanizaciones.


TEXT:
Extracciones de arena. Pista de camiones. Maniobras militares. Cacería.


TEXT:
Pastoreo. Turismo. Construcciones. Pistas. Extracciones de áridos. Pesca. Navegación.


TEXT:
Impacto paisajístico y alto riesgo de incendios provocado por los pinos talados almacenados en las orillas de las pistas del bosque. Pinus radiata en algunos sectores del Monte, siendo esto una amenaza para la laurisilva. Presión turística, domingueros que visitan el monte. No existe control en la tala de arboles.


TEXT:
Urbanización La Suerte, en Agaete, la cual causa un gran impacto ambiental. El abundante pastoreo deriva en el empobrecimiento de la vegetación. Erosión por sobrepastoreo. Pistas de acceso y extracción de arena en la laja del Risco. Suciedad de los miradores en Andén verde. Cantera en el Morro que lo separa del Valle de la Aldea, en barranquillo de Montaña Tablada. Presión turística en casi todo el espacio. Basurero en Agaete.


TEXT:
Presión turística en algunas zonas. Erosión debido al excesivo pastoreo.


TEXT:
Ensanchamiento improcedente de pistas que causan fuertes impactos.


TEXT:
Caza y peligro de desaparición de especies protegidas.


TEXT:
O aumento das construc,oameac,a a integridade da area.


TEXT:
A pratica de pastoreio sazonal no ilheu prejudica as colonias de aves nidificantes.


TEXT:
O aumento da a'rea de pastagens e de florestas e a abertura de estradas tem vindo a degradar as encostas exteriores.


TEXT:
Frequentes incendios e queimadas. Aumento das a'rea de pastagens e plantacoes de coniferas exoticas.


TEXT:
Aumento da erosaGunnera chilensis) actividades de florestac,aicas e aumento de pastagens. Forte pressa


TEXT:
As principais causas de degradac,adade recreativa e a existencia de especies infestantes, que competem com a vegetac,a


TEXT:
O sobrepastoreio e o aumento das pastagens pode po^r em perigo algumas especies raras.


TEXT:
A destruic,as e a plantac,ais ameac,as a integridade da area.


TEXT:
A plantac,adas areas de pastagem, associado a proliferacao de invasoras (Gunnera chilensis), constituem as principais ameacas a integridade da area.


TEXT:
Threats of soil erosion by introduced mammals; disturbance; excessive tourism; over-fishing; exploitation of seabirds.


TEXT:
Overgrazing, predation of seabirds by fishermen and illegal sand extraction.


TEXT:
O aumento do numero de casas de veraneio e da area de pastagens, constituem a principal ameac,a a' integridade da area.


TEXT:
Possibilidade de aumento de pastagens e de plantac,acas.


TEXT:
O aumento das a'reas de pastagem e de plantac,a bem como a construc,aituem as principais ameac,as a integridade da area.


TEXT:
O aumento das pastagens e a plantac,a as principais ameacas a integridade da area.


TEXT:
O aumento da area de pastagens e a plantac,astituem as principais ameac,as a integridade da area.


TEXT:
O aumento de a'rea de pastagens e de floresta a base de exoticas, constituem as principais ameac,as a integridade da area.


TEXT:
A criac,as ao longo das falesias, prejudicam a nidificac,arinhas, e ameac,am a integridade da area.


TEXT:
A poluic,ae e zona portuaria, constituida a principal ameaca a integridade da area.


TEXT:
Muito vulneravel devido a' existencia de estradas proximas e aumento de pastagens.


TEXT:
O aumento das pastagens e a possibilidade de drenagem da zona alagada constituem as principais ameacas a integridade da area.


TEXT:
A abertura de novas estradas de penetrac,aa de pastos, constituem as principais ameac,as a integridade da area.


TEXT:
A poluicao resultante da proximidade do centro urbano e do porto, o deposito de entulhos e a pressaincipais ameacas a integridade da area.


TEXT:
O aumento da a'rea das plantac,ocilas falesias, constituem as principais ameac,as a integridade da area.


TEXT:
In 1984 there was evidence that seabirds were being killed for use as fishing bait.


TEXT:
A florestac,a, constituem as maiores ameacas a integridade da area.


TEXT:
As arroteias para aumento da area de pastagens, o pastoreio e os corte de lenha para combustivel, constituem as principais ameacas a integridade da area.


TEXT:
A florestac,aantes, constituem as principais ameacas a integridade da area.


TEXT:
O corte de lenha constitui a principal ameac,a integridade da area.


TEXT:
Entulhamento da zona rochosa, principalmente da lava cordada, fundamental a' sobrevivencia da Azorina vidalii.


TEXT:
Actualmente bastante degradado, estando em vias de ser recuperado.


TEXT:
As principais causas de degradac,ao afluxo turistico, ocupac,a


TEXT:
A existencia de algumas cabras no Ilheu da Vila provoca algum impacto na vegetac,o.


TEXT:
As principais causas de degradac,a construc,o. Possibilidade do aumento da colonizac,atis.


TEXT:
As principais causas de degradac,ao da pressa.


TEXT:
Actividades de florestac,a, aumento da a'rea de pastagens e dominancia por especies infestantes. Elevada erosaForte pressa


TEXT:
A perda de qualidade da zona deve-se a' elevada utilizac,aumana, a' plantac,a


TEXT:
Influencia do povoamento urbano altamente concentrado a montante nas falesias atraves da deposic,a


TEXT:
A florestac,aagem artificial, aumento da a'rea de infestac,achilensis. Possibilidade de se acentuar a erosafizac,a


TEXT:
Consequencias da ocupac,a por exemplo a sua utilizac,a


TEXT:
Cats and possibly rats threaten the seabird colony. Six goats are present.


TEXT:
Goat herding and wild pigs. In Fanal sheep, horses and cattle.


TEXT:
Goat herding in large scale, which is a great threat to the reminant indigenous vegetation. There are still some very large trees of the laurisilva but no new growth due to the serious overgrazing.


TEXT:
The area is little threatened though, there are still goats.


TEXT:
Heavily over-grazed by goats and pigs, despite part of the area being a strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
Grossly over-grazed by sheep and goats. The area has a high sensitivity to overgrazing and areas which have suffered severe grazing can be seen to be undergoing laminar erosion due to high winds, frosts and heavy rains.


TEXT:
There are still remnants of goat stocks in these areas.


TEXT:
This area is highly suitable for nesting of marine birds, but now that the light house is no longer manned, these nest sites are open to human predation. Rabbits were introduced and caused considerable destruction to the vegetation.


TEXT:
Protection of these sites is of prime importance for continued breeding of P.feae. Yearly illegal expeditions are mounted by fishermen for collection of seabirds. Whereas these were originally aimed at collecting juvenile C.diomedea they have become progressively indiscriminate. Island also over grazed by rabbits and goats leading to severe erosion.


TEXT:
The island has introduced goats and rabbits which were culled annualy in the past. Since legal culling has ceased, indiscriminate hunting expeditions have taken place which have included large quantities of seabirds. There are various caves around the island which are used by monk seal for breeding. Fishermen nets and dynamite have almost exterminated this important colony.


TEXT:
About 50 pairs of C.diomedea attempt to breed here every year but are systematically taken by fishermen.


TEXT:
O sobrepastoreio e a florestaçäo com exóticas em determinadas zon as do Parque, a abertura e alargamento das vias de comunicaçäo, a proliferaçäo de construçöes e aglomerados urbanos, as práticas a grícolas näo tradicionais e a grande pressäo sazonal provocada pe lo afluxo turístico, constituem as principais ameaças à integrida de da área.


TEXT:
Extracçäo de areias a montante e reconversäo das práticas agrícol as tradicionais.


TEXT:
A destruiçäo do sistema dunar através da extracçäo de areia, parq ueamento automóvel, pisoteio e construçäo. Degradaçäo da área pel o aumento de poluiçäo e pela introduçäo de plantas exóticas (Carp obrotus edulis e Acacia sp.).


TEXT:
Os "fojos" säo praticamente inacessíveis, havendo que ter em cont a as actividades de espeleólogos. A vegetaçäo ripícola encontra-s e ameaçada pela poluiçäo industrial no rio Ferreira.


TEXT:
A arborizaçäo das margens com eucalipto constitui a principal ame aça à integridade da área, uma vez que os locais e as técnicas de instalaçäo e exploraçäo säo susceptíveis de aumentar a erosäo co m a consequente perda de qualidade das águas.


TEXT:
Entre as principais ameaças à integridade da área podem apontar-s e: os fogos, a caça ilegal, o pastoreio e o excesso de uso em alg umas zonas do Parque.


TEXT:
O sobrepastoreio e a caça furtiva constituem as principais ameaça s à integridade da área.


TEXT:
O sobrepastoreio, a caça e as plantaçöes de exóticas constituem a s principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
Os incêndios säo o principal factor de degradaçäo e ameaça, aliad os a antigos povoamentos florestais à base de resinosas que, actu almente, tendem a ser substituídos por povoamentos mistos e numa perspectiva de uso múltiplo da floresta. A abertura da via rápida que atravessa a serra provocou alteraçöes paisagísticas e ecológ icas.


TEXT:
Os incêndios florestais säo a principal ameaça na zona, assim com o a caça furtiva.


TEXT:
Entre as principais ameaças à integridade e equilíbrio desta área podem apontar-se os fogos, a plantaçäo extensiva de coníferas ex óticas, o sobrepastoreio em algumas zonas, a caça furtiva, as ins talaçöes para criaçäo de animais de pele exóticos e potencialment e concorrentes de espécies autóctones ameaçadas; a projectada con struçäo de uma sistema de barragens no coraçäo do Parque Natural é também susceptível de causar danos à qualidade da área.


TEXT:
Alguma visitaçäo humana e sobretudo a possibilidade de reactivaçä o de pedreiras no local.


TEXT:
A pesca furtiva e de exemplares de lagostim de dimensöes inferior es às exigidas por lei, constituem a principal ameaça a esta espé cie. Os cortes de arvoredo nas margens do rio säo outra fonte de perturbaçäo e degradaçäo do habitat.


TEXT:
A destruiçäo da vegetaçäo ribeirinha constitui uma das ameaças à qualidade do sítio.


TEXT:
As actividades lúdicas e os desportos náuticos motorizados consti tuem o principal factor de degradaçäo e perturbaçäo do sítio.


TEXT:
A caça furtiva, a florestaçäo à base de coníferas exóticas, o fog o, o sobrepastoreio e o corte dos carvalhais para lenhas, constit uem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
Os incêndios e a caça furtiva säo os principais factores de ameaç a nesta área.


TEXT:
Alteraçäo da forma de uso e ocupaçäo do solo e caça furtiva const ituem as principais ameaças.


TEXT:
Sendo a totalidade da área de propriedade Estatal, as principais ameaças resultam da possibilidade de fogos acidentais, da invasäo de acácias e outras espécies exóticas no cordäo dunar e do exces sivo uso da área por visitantes.


TEXT:
A poluiçäo química (dada a presença de indústria pesada na perife ria da Ria), as obras de drenagem e polderizaçäo, a reconversäo d as salinas em pisciculturas, bem como as infraestruturas portuári as e a projectada estrada dique Aveiro-Murtosa constituem as prin cipais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
Existem planos para secar a área, de forma a aumentar a área agrí cola.


TEXT:
Existe projecto de enxugo da área para aumentar a zona agrícola.


TEXT:
Existe projecto de polderizaçäo e construçäo de uma estrada/dique para a ligaçäo Aveiro-Murtosa.


TEXT:
Existe projecto de enxugo para aumentar a área agrícola.


TEXT:
Existem projectos de enxugo da área para aumentar a superfície ag rícola.


TEXT:
Existem projectos de drenagem e enxugo parcial a fim de aumentar a área agrícola.


TEXT:
Existem projectos de drenagem para aumentar a superfície agrícola .


TEXT:
Existem planos de drenagem e enxugo da área para aumentar a super fície agrícola.


TEXT:
Existem projectos de enxugo para aumentar a superfície agrícola.


TEXT:
As pressöes turísticas, no cordäo dunar e agrícola na margem e in terior da laguna, constituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
Forte poluiçäo, caça ilegal e pressäo humana.


TEXT:
A área é particularmente sensível à acçäo do homem essencialmente através do uso de pesticidas nos arrozais a montante na linha de água que alimenta o paúl (e da drenagem), arranque da vegetaçäo para criaçäo de novas áreas agrícolas e caça ilegal.


TEXT:
As principais pressöes na área säo a extracçäo de inertes para a indústria de cimento e a utilizaçäo das zonas costeiras para a co nstruçäo.


TEXT:
As principais causas de pressäo sobre as espécies e os ecossistem as säo a caça, actividades lúdicas como os desportos náuticos, os empreendimentos turísticos, a poluiçäo, o esforço de pesca exces sivo e a drenagem das zonas húmidas.


TEXT:
Actividades lúdicas; eutrofizaçäo e poluiçäo por pesticidas.


TEXT:
Actividades lúdicas (existem bons acessos); eutrofizaçäo (eventua lmente poluiçäo por pesticidas); drenagem devido ao avanço de ter renos agrícolas.


TEXT:
Necessita urgentemente de protecçäo face ao risco de ser drenada. Invasäo por Myriophylum; avanço de terrenos agrícolas; eutrofiza çäo; pressöes humanas de todo o tipo.


TEXT:
Actividades lúdicas; avanço de terrenos agrícolas; eutrofizaçäo; poluiçäo química e orgânica; invasäo por Myriophylum.


TEXT:
Actividades lúdicas, eutrofizaçäo, poluiçäo química e orgânica.


TEXT:
O maior perigo para esta área é a sua possível drenagem.


TEXT:
Entre as principais ameaças à integridade do parque podem citar-s e: a exploraçäo de pedreiras e barreiros, a poluiçäo da água por contaminaçäo das cavernas, algares e sumidouros, os fogos acident ais ou criminosos e as tentativas de urbanizaçäo clandestina.


TEXT:
Os fogos e o uso excessivo de algumas zonas da área, constituem a s principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
O fogo e o pastoreio constituem as principais ameaças à integrida de da área.


TEXT:
Os incêndios, as arborizaçöes com espécies exóticas e a extracçäo de inertes säo as principais ameaças potenciais nesta zona.


TEXT:
O aumento das plantaçöes de coníferas exóticas, a caça ilegal, a captura e comercializaçäo de víboras e a exploraçäo abusiva de tu rfa, constituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
As principais causas de degradaçäo relacionam-se com as actividad es de florestaçäo à base de exóticas, sobrepastoreio dos cervunai s, turismo e construçöes clandestinas.


TEXT:
A caça desordenada, a alteraçäo das práticas agrícolas e pecuária s utilizadas, o corte do arvoredo e a extracçäo de inertes säo os principais factores de degradaçäo da área.


TEXT:
A caça desordenada e a possibilidade de instalaçäo de exploraçöes turísticas de caça, assim como os fogos e a instalaçäo de povoam entos florestais à base de exóticas, säo os principais factores, potenciais, de pressäo na área.


TEXT:
Os fogos e as plantaçöes extensivas de coníferas exóticas constit uem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A plantaçäo extensiva de exóticas, o sobrepastoreio e a caça deso rdenada, constituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A expansäo das culturas florestais intensivas e os incêndios säo as principais ameaças potenciais.


TEXT:
Destruiçäo da vegetaçäo natural (florestaçäo de exóticas), caça i legal.


TEXT:
O excesso de pressäo turística, a ocorrência de espécies exóticas (principalmente o Choräo), a pressäo negativa resultante do cres cente peso demográfico da populaçäo de Gaivota-argêntea (Larus ar gentatus) e a exploraçäo ilegal dos recursos marinhos na área da Reserva.


TEXT:
Poluiçäo orgânica de origem urbana e agrícola, pressäo turística e drenagem da Poça do Vau para fins agrícolas.


TEXT:
O acesso desordenado à zona de praias constitui o principal facto r de degradaçäo das dunas.


TEXT:
A erosäo, os incêndios e a caça säo os principais factores de pre ssäo na área.


TEXT:
Os principais factores que afectam a integridade da área säo a po luiçäo química (devida à presença de indústria pesada no estuário ), a caça ilegal e o uso de pesticidas no âmbito da actividade ag rícola.


TEXT:
A urbanizaçäo e construçäo clandestina, o turismo e os fogos, con stituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
As principais causas de pressäo no local säo o turismo e a presen ça de uma unidade industrial. A invasäo da exótica Carpobrotus ed ulis é também um factor para o desaparecimento da vegetaçäo autóc tone.


TEXT:
A invasäo e consequente pisoteio por parte do enorme número de ve raneantes que se deslocam ao local provocam a destruiçäo da veget açäo e consequente deslocaçäo das areias.


TEXT:
Entre as principais ameaças à integridade da área podem apontar-s e: a urbanizaçäo desregrada e a ocupaçäo clandestina, os fogos ac identais e criminosos, o excesso de uso com afluxo indisciplinado de visitantes, a exploraçäo de pedreiras e os exercícios militar es.


TEXT:
Das acçöes humanas salienta-se a construçäo clandestina junto às encostas que, entre outros aspectos, interfere com o equilíbrio n atural dos taludes através de cortes e terraplanagens na base das vertentes. A área encontra-se, assim, bastante ameaçada pela ero säo tanto antrópica como natural (pela chuva) ou mesmo por má dre nagem, visto tratar-se de material desagregado ou pouco coerente. De salientar, também, os coleccionadores de fósseis que constitu em um perigo para o interesse e riqueza paleontológica da regiäo. .


TEXT:
Os incêndios säo a principal ameaça. O fluxo de visitantes que no Veräo ali procuram um local de descanso ou que utilizam a área c omo passagem para praias próximas, causa a destruiçäo das zonas m ais acessíveis.


TEXT:
Proliferaçäo de pedreiras e pressäo turística.


TEXT:
O pisoteio e o pastoreio näo controlado provocam a erosäo e degra daçäo das margens. A existência de um aglomerado urbano ilegal, a sul da lagoa, desprovido de saneamento básico implica um aumento da poluiçäo. A caça e pesca ilegais induzem uma regressäo das po pulaçöes animais.


TEXT:
Os principais factores que ameaçam a integridade da área säo a dr enagem das áreas adjacentes, a poluiçäo química (proveniente do r io Almonda e da actividade agrícola local) e a caça furtiva.


TEXT:
Caça e pesca ilegais. (Poluiçäo agrícola).


TEXT:
A poluiçäo da água, por excesso de pesticidas e fertilizantes uti lizados nas imediaçöes da área e a ameaça de enxugo e drenagem, c onstituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A poluiçäo química (devida a concentraçäo de indústria pesada no estuário e aplicaçäo de produtos fitossanitários nos arrozais), a urbanizaçäo e construçäo clandestina em algumas áreas e a caça c onstituem as principais ameaças a integridade da área.


TEXT:
A destruiçäo da vegetaçäo das dunas (pelo importante incremento d a ocupaçäo humana), a introduçäo de espécies florestais exóticas e o turismo desordenado säo os principais factores de instabilida de na área.


TEXT:
A área é extremamente sensível por ser muito pequena e ser utiliz ada por uma populaçäo humana residente em expansäo que a utiliza quer para a actividade pesqueira quer para a criaçäo de novas áre as agrícolas de regadio. O turismo na época estival afecta essenc ialmente as áreas mais costeiras, näo menos sensíveis, como sejam as praias e as dunas.


TEXT:
A enorme pressäo turística e todas as consequências que dela advê m säo as principais causas de vulnerabilidade da área. A possível aterragem de algumas zonas e a destruiçäo da vegetaçäo ripícola para criaçäo de novas áreas agrícolas säo também riscos iminentes .


TEXT:
Sem importantes acçöes externas. Bom isolamento.


TEXT:
As principais formas de pressäo säo a pesca submarina praticada a qui regularmente e a pilhagem de ninhos de Corvus monedula.


TEXT:
Os principais factores de degradaçäo säo o turismo cada vez mais intenso e indisciplinado e o complexo industrial de Sines.


TEXT:
Os impactos negativos desta área têm origem em actividades agríco las, na pesca, nas monoculturas florestais com exóticas e no turi smo intenso durante a Primavera e o Veräo, bem como provavelmente no Complexo Industrial de Sines.


TEXT:
A pesca, a agricultura e a plantaçäo de essências exóticas säo os principais factores de pressäo a que se junta um turismo cada ve z mais intenso e indisciplinado.


TEXT:
As actividades susceptíveis de provocarem perturbaçäo ao nível do s ecossistemas, comunidades ou espécies existentes säo fundamenta lmente a agricultura, a pesca e o turismo.


TEXT:
A principal causa de pressäo sobre este habitat é a caça e as act ividades a ela ligadas como a prospecçäo, ainda durante o ciclo r eprodutor das garças, de locais próprios para o exercício cinegét ico por parte dos caçadores de patos.


TEXT:
A florestaçäo com espécies exóticas pode ser uma das principais a cçöes de perturbaçäo do equilíbrio da área.


TEXT:
Os principais agentes degradativos relacionam-se com a silvo-past orícia e provavelmente, numa perspectiva futura, com a introduçäo de espécies florestais exóticas em regime de monocultura.


TEXT:
O principal agente de degradaçäo desta área tem sido a florestaçä o com eucalipto.


TEXT:
A caça ilegal e a crescente actividade florestal com base em espé cies exóticas (Eucaliptus e Pinus) constituem as principais ameaç as à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A caça ilegal e a plantaçäo de exóticas, como o eucalipto, säo as principais ameaças a esta área.


TEXT:
A caça ilegal e a alteraçäo do uso do solo säo as principais amea ças.


TEXT:
Alteraçäo do tipo de uso do solo, plantaçöes com espécies exótica s e a caça ilegal säo as principais ameaças a esta area.


TEXT:
A expansäo da florestaçäo com eucalipto constitui a principal ame aça ao sítio, implicando uma modificaçäo nas formas tradicionais de uso do solo.


TEXT:
A caça ilegal, os incêndios e a expansäo, cada vez maior, da flor estaçäo com espécies exóticas, säo os principais agentes de desta bilizaçäo da área.


TEXT:
Alteraçäo das formas tradicionais de uso do solo.


TEXT:
Alteraçäo das formas tradicionais de uso do solo. Derrube do mont ado.


TEXT:
A caça ilegal e as plantaçöes florestais à base de espécies exóti cas constituem a principal ameaça à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A caça ilegal e a destruiçäo do habitat devido às plantaçöes de e spécies florestais exóticas, constituem as principais ameaças pot enciais à área.


TEXT:
Intensificaçäo da agricultura e utilizaçäo de produtos químicos. Perturbaçäo causada por novos mecanismos agrícolas.


TEXT:
Ameaça de submersäo da colónia caso se concretize a construçäo da projectada Barragem do Alqueva.


TEXT:
A florestaçäo com eucaliptos e a possível execuçäo da Barragem do Alqueva säo as principais acçöes de destabilizaçäo da área.


TEXT:
Alteraçäo das formas tradicionais de uso do solo, perturbaçöes hu manas e caça ilegal.


TEXT:
Submersäo por efeito da construçäo da Barragem do Alqueva. Pertur baçäo humana.


TEXT:
Caça ilegal. Pressäo humana (turismo sem estruturas de apoio). Eu trofizaçäo das águas.


TEXT:
A alteraçäo do uso do solo pela plantaçäo de floresta industrial, a caça excessiva e ilegal, o pastoreio desregrado e o controlo i legal de predadores, constituem as principais ameaças a esta impo rtante área.


TEXT:
A caça ilegal e a plantaçäo de exóticas, como o eucalipto, consti tuem as principais ameaças a esta área.


TEXT:
O sobrepastoreio, a florestaçäo com espécies näo autóctones, algu mas utilizaçöes agrícolas e a caça säo os principais agentes de i nstabilidade do biótopo.


TEXT:
A visitaçäo turística no local do Pulo do Lobo e o aumento de pla ntaçöes florestais à base de exóticas (Eucaliptus sp.), constitue m as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A caça, a pesca, o sobrepastoreio e as arroteias para plantaçäo d e espécies florestais exóticas, constituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
Alteraçäo das formas tradicionais de uso dos solos.


TEXT:
A forte pressäo da caça, a modernizaçäo das salinas e os projecta dos acessos rodoviários à ponte sobre o rio Guadiana säo os princ ipais factores de pressäo sobre esta área.


TEXT:
A pressäo urbanística, o turismo, a poluiçäo e a pesca e caça ile gais no interior da ria constituem as principais causas de degrad açäo que ameaçam esta área. Abandono e conversäo das salinas.


TEXT:
O aumento das actividades agrícolas com a destruiçäo da vegetaçäo marginal da ribeira e a transformaçäo da forma de exploraçäo das salinas constituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
As actividades de florestaçäo à base de exóticas, os fogos (acide ntais ou criminosos), a caça e pesca ilegais, a pressäo turística em determinadas zonas da área e as projectadas obras de hidráuli ca (plano do Alqueva) constituem as principais ameaças à integrid ade da área.


TEXT:
Devido à sua extensäo e diversidade, esta área está sujeita a pre ssöes muito diversas - o Complexo Industrial de Sines, a Central Termoeléctrica, a caça e a pesca ilegais e os incêndios. No entan to, aquela que maior peso tem é, sem dúvida, a grande expansäo do turismo, que nalguns casos pöe em risco habitats muito important es como acontece com o já referido Paúl de Budens, ou a foz da ri beira da Seixa ou a da ribeira de Aljezur.


TEXT:
As principais pressöes sobre a área säo o turismo e a utilizaçäo das zonas baixas para a agricultura.


TEXT:
O turismo é sem dúvida a maior pressäo na área existindo já diver sas urbanizaçöes, algumas das quais em zonas muito sensíveis. Os fogos säo também um agente de destruiçäo importante.


TEXT:
O turismo é o principal agente de instabilidade na zona, pela sob reutilizaçäo de áreas sensíveis. Os incêndios säo também um perig o eminente nas áreas de matos.


TEXT:
O turismo na época estival tem um grande impacto na zona, essenci almente em zonas sensíveis como sejam as dunas ou as áreas de mat os.


TEXT:
Os principais agentes de instabilidade na área säo o turismo e a caça ilegal. A florestaçäo à base de espécies exóticas pode ating ir zonas de vegetaçäo natural de grande valor florístico.


TEXT:
O turismo é o principal agente de destabilizaçäo da área, quer pe la destruiçäo da vegetaçäo por sobrepisoteio, quer por afectar o sossego necessário à nidificaçäo das aves.


TEXT:
A expansäo da zona urbanizada e a consequente utilizaçäo da área por um maior número de pessoas provoca um acréscimo considerável na vulnerabilidade da zona.


TEXT:
Area muito sensível por estar sujeita a drenagens com o objectivo de reutilizaçäo agrícola e por sofrer a presença muito próxima d e novas urbanizaçöes turísticas. Local de passagem de turistas pa ra acesso a praias próximas. O grande desenvolvimento turístico d a regiäo está já a pör em perigo a integridade desta área de impo rtância ecológica vital no Barlavento algarvio.


TEXT:
Sobretudo a possível diminuiçäo nas áreas de alimentaçäo das garç as, no Rio Arade, por efeito da construçäo do Porto de Portimäo.


TEXT:
A destruiçäo da vegetaçäo natural, a caça ilegal e as plantaçöes florestais à base de espécies exóticas säo os principais agentes de pressäo.


TEXT:
Destruiçäo de habitats naturais, plantaçäo de árvores exóticas, e xtracçäo de rochas, urbanismo desordenado e ampliaçäo de instalaç öes militares e fogos florestais.


TEXT:
A área é particularmente sensível a acçöes de florestaçäo com int roduçäo de espécies exóticas e à limpeza de todo o estrato arbust ivo, que se verifica nalgumas zonas. A caça ilegal e os incêndios säo também importantes factores de instabilidade na área.


TEXT:
A caça indiscriminada, os incêndios e a destruiçäo do coberto veg etal säo as principais causas de pressäo sobre esta área.


TEXT:
Apesar da área näo ter actualmente grandes pressöes destabilizado ras, a caça ilegal e a extracçäo de pedra que se aproxima de zona s sensíveis säo possíveis agentes de pressäo.


TEXT:
A caça e os possíveis incêndios säo os principais factores de pre ssäo desta área.


TEXT:
Perturbaçäo humana (hibernaçäo de Quirópteros).


TEXT:
A caça, os incêndios e a limpeza da vegetaçäo para a criaçäo de á reas agrícolas säo os principais factores de instabilidade da áre a.


TEXT:
Destruiçäo da vegetaçäo natural, caça ilegal, plantaçöes floresta is à base de espécies exóticas.


TEXT:
A pressäo turística/urbanística que se faz sentir em todo o redor da área é o factor de instabilidade mais importante na área. Os possíveis incêndios säo também de considerar.


TEXT:
O principal factor de instabilidade é o turismo que, em grande ex pansäo, ameaça destruir alguns biótopos vitais à Ria como sejam á reas de sapal (através da sua drenagem e aterro), arribas (por te rraplanagens), matos costeiros, no cimo das arribas e dunas (pela construçäo clandestina ou outras). A contaminaçäo da ribeira, ma is a montante, tem também um impacto na vida da Ria.


TEXT:
A área é extremamente sensível, sendo essencialmente ameaçada pel as projectadas aldeia turística e marina para barcos de recreio q ue iräo destruir a zona com maior potencial ecológico, afectando toda a comunidade faunística. Verifica-se actualmente um decrésci mo considerável dos efectivos da avifauna, resultado da pressäo t urística na área. A poluiçäo do Rio Giläo tem uma influência nega tiva importante na riqueza biológica da área.


TEXT:
A pesca indiscriminada, incluindo o uso de equipamento näo adequa do e o aumento da pressäo turística na área säo os principais fac tores de degradaçäo.


TEXT:
A projectada barragem constitui a principal ameaça à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A projectada construçäo de uma barragem perto da foz do Beliche c onstitui a principal ameaça à integridade da área.


TEXT:
A pesca e a actividade turística constituem as principais ameaças à integridade da área.


TEXT:
Näo se conhecem factores de perturbaçäo importantes, durante o pe ríodo crítico de nidificaçäo; grande pressäo humana (turismo) dur ante a época estival.


TEXT:
Pressäo espeleológica e visitas de curiosos.


TEXT:
Enorme pressäo de visitaçäo humana, das maiores do País.


TEXT:
Visitaçäo humana, sobretudo durante a época estival.


TEXT:
Water eutrophication; sand denudation from the near sand quarry. Succesion of reed beds.


TEXT:
Dutch elm disease and tracheomycosis and invasion of the nitrophilous plant species.


TEXT:
Destruction of the suitable nesting sites by the reed beds cutting and desturbing birds in the mating and nesting period. Chemical disposal of the water plants.


TEXT:
Locust tree invasion and progressive closing herb undergrowth.


TEXT:
Retaining the mowed grass biomass. Fertilization.


TEXT:
dump in adjacent area recreation (weekend houses)


TEXT:
Recreation impact, fishing, commercial forestry.


TEXT:
Turists passed through the newly opened boarder passage for pedestrians (disturbance of Lyrurus tetrix). Succession in future.


TEXT:
Succession; millitary activity; wild boars destroy plants by their snouts during outbreak;


TEXT:
Timber cutting and skidding in the managed part of forest; meadow fertilizing; microclimatic changes in opened stands; dicrease of silver fir and inhibition of yew regeneration;


TEXT:
Stream regulation. Meadow and pastures amelioration.


TEXT:
Succession and the next plant communities degradation, esp. those that require regular cutting and pasture. Water regime change.


TEXT:
Imission (coal power station) Tourism, overstocks.


TEXT:
The most part of the area is used by army and entry for public is impossible.


TEXT:
Potentially inconvenient method of forest usage of the cultural stands in the site and its environment;


TEXT:
Potentially by increasing of fishery and hunting; recreation:


TEXT:
Potentially unconvenient pond management esp. mud disposal:


TEXT:
Drenage of the adjacent meadows; increasing of fishery; disposal of reed beds; abundant management of meadows:


TEXT:
Intensive agricultural activity in surroundings; succession and ruderalisation of wetland and mesophytic plant communities:


TEXT:
The major part of the complex is used as a game preserve with breeding of fallow deer and wild boars that prevent the natural forest regeneration:


TEXT:
Undesirable succession in case of lack of management:


TEXT:
Drenage and tillage of adjacent piece of lands, abandoned meadows, more intensive fishery:


TEXT:
Enormous number of tourists; destroy of water plant and animal communities and unconvenient succession due to the lack of water in river-bed of the Vltava river:


TEXT:
Eutrophication; lack of traditional management of the whole floodplain and then undesirable succession:


TEXT:
Lack of a traditional management of hay meadows, fertilization, changes of soil conditions:


TEXT:
Imisions; erosion supported by tourism; climbing; introduction of non-native trees (Larix decidua, Pinus strobus):


TEXT:
Succession of Phragmites australis and Alnus glutinosa:


TEXT:
Abondened meadows; sediments of mud in fishponds; sediments from outgoing water polluted by the Sklopisek factory in Strelec going into Zehrovka river:


TEXT:
Impact of air pollution; increasing of synanthropic plants; pinus mugho plantations (during 1960-1992 ca 30 % of area):


TEXT:
Air pollution, synanthropic species, Pinus mugo palntations, tourism.


TEXT:
Reptiles population is endangered by the the road traffic.


TEXT:
Potentially in expanding activity in the near quarry:


TEXT:
Taking out of drinking water, succession of reed on unmown meadows:


TEXT:
Spolana Neratovice (air pollution) traffic on the near road ground water level


TEXT:
Nothing serious, perhaps recreation and leasure time activities.


TEXT:
Cement factory (air pollution), deforestation, recreation, ruderalization


TEXT:
In high need of protection from bark beetle and immission impact:


TEXT:
The disturbance and the rock-fall or landslide induced by human interference:


TEXT:
The immission impact and forestry management:


TEXT:
The bark beetle immission and recreation impact:


TEXT:
Bark beetle attacks and windthrouw disaster:


TEXT:
Windthrow disaster, bark beetle and immission impact, owergrowing peaty grasslands:


TEXT:
Immission, bark beetle and recreation impact:


TEXT:
Forest management, immission and recreation impact:


TEXT:
Disturbance by visitors and landslide impact during forestry activities:


TEXT:
High density of animals causes demage in trees regeneration (esp. fir):


TEXT:
High density of animals, small area of the site and lost of the fir vitality:


TEXT:
Air pollution, commercial forestry and recreation impact


TEXT:
Change of the water regime in the region.


TEXT:
Succession in non-forest habitats, mild eutrophication from suburb:


TEXT:
Progressive succession in unmown grasslands:


TEXT:
Progressive succession of unmanaged grasslands, fishery:


TEXT:
Chenges of water regime and chemistry, eutrophication, small water power stations, progressive succession in unmown meadows:


TEXT:
Building activity, hunting, turism and leasure activity:


TEXT:
Turism and succession (neglected management):


TEXT:
Succession because of the neglected management, lower level of the ground water:


TEXT:
Succession after water regime change, neglected management, meadows tillage:


TEXT:
Succession after neglected management, meadows tillage, disturbance of water regime due to Dyje river regulation:


TEXT:
Forestry management (monocultures establishment), construction buildings for recreation, unsufficient site management:


TEXT:
Unsufficient forest management (natural seedings), leasure activity:


TEXT:
Intensive orchards and vineyards in vicinity:


TEXT:
Negligible, possibly recreation in localities Darko, Reka and near Stare Ransko village:


TEXT:
Robinia invasion from vicinity, house depositions (litter):


TEXT:
Dug and fish breeding, tillage, fertilization:


TEXT:
Succession, chemism from fertilization, turism, forestry:


TEXT:
Site influenced by agricultural activity; orchard:


TEXT:
Robinia and shrubs invasion, rabbits gradation:


TEXT:
Invasion from surroundings, negativ influence from the agricultural activity in vicinity:


TEXT:
Chemicals from the surrounding fields, shrubs invasion:


TEXT:
Bad water quality (botulism), change of hydrological condition, intensiv fishery:


TEXT:
Swimming pool in a part and partly litter depositions, sand siltation and reed bed succession:


TEXT:
Water stream regulation, sand digging, recreation:


TEXT:
River stream regulation, lower level of underground water, unconvenient forest management:


TEXT:
Hydrological changes, intensive fishery, fish and dug breeding:


TEXT:
Chemical residua from the near agricultural activity:


TEXT:
succession on dry grasslands with lack of pasture planting of strange woods (pines etc.), spontaneous spreading of Robinia pseudacacia, fertilizers from the near fields


TEXT:
fertilizers and pesticides from fields, succession, Robinia pseudacacia and Calamagrostis epigeion invasion


TEXT:
overstock, Robinia pseudacacia invasion, succession, planting of the strange wood species.


TEXT:
succession, ground water level derogation


TEXT:
Forestry activity in surroudings of site, high level of tourism.


TEXT:
Disturbance, restoration of the railway.


TEXT:
Agriculture, (pasture, burning). Forestry - wood production, planting of non-native species. Tourism.


TEXT:
Intensive tourism - a touristic route accross the area, also an educational path.


TEXT:
Forestry in the area, one marked touristic route goes through the area.


TEXT:
Traffic - closeness of state road and railway (Tisovec - Brezno). (In 1993 - Part of the area burned down during ground fire).


TEXT:
Forestry removing and transporting of trees.


TEXT:
Threatened by high tourism rate, illegal tree cutting.


TEXT:
Presence of emissions from distant sources. A hiking trail through the clough of the Velky Sokol disturbes mainly the fauna.


TEXT:
Area disturbed by road traffic and somewhat by local inhabitants, who defile the stream and the valley part of the reserve. At some places there is illegal cutting of trees.


TEXT:
Tourism, road traffic and railway transport.


TEXT:
Intensive road and railway traffic between Margecany and Cervena Skala.


TEXT:
Livestock pasturing, economical water modifications, the collecting of Drosera sp. for utilization in medicine.


TEXT:
The area is not disturbed by any negative influences at this time. The forests on its southern borders are included in protected, and on the northern borders are categorized as h-type Designed forests where only selective forestry occurs.


TEXT:
Potential restoration of the quarry, uncontrolled visitation, cattle crossing, recultivation in the near surroundings.


TEXT:
Threatened by agricultural activities in the alluvial floodplain - changes of cultures, draining.


TEXT:
Threatened by secondary succession, in the past by deforestation.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive tourism and transportation, mainly from April till October and by the stabilization of mantle rocks and secondary succession.


TEXT:
Threatened by a near by rock quarry and a factory producing lime from limestone, also by secondary succession.


TEXT:
Average threat by tourism, mainly in May and June. Mortality of the forest growths.


TEXT:
The area is threatened by random tourism, pasturing, cutting of trees, planting of monocultures, recultivation, by the influence of the surrounding industrial activities - emission (Slovinky, Krompachy).


TEXT:
The area is managed according to the Requirements for forest economy made by representatives of Nature protection, the area is under pressure due to tourism.


TEXT:
The area is managed according to the forestry plan created in agreement with the State nature protection. The area is threatened by a colony of private gardens on the foot of the hill (2 fires during the last years) and by tourism.


TEXT:
Intensive visitation, collecting, shrubs succession, houses building - gardens.


TEXT:
Threatened by the surrounding castle and intensive tourism.


TEXT:
Occasional tourism, mountain climbing, cave researches.


TEXT:
Part of the area around the castle of Ostry Kamen is threatened by tourism from June - to August.


TEXT:
The original owners harvested and stacked hav. The present owner of the agricultural farm does not do that so it leads to the succession of trees, some parts were reforested resuting in the diversity decreasing of the meadows.


TEXT:
30% is threatened by tourism and 15% by afforestation in the past.


TEXT:
Partial reforestation with Pinus nigra and its succession.


TEXT:
Stabile growthes, on a small area planting of Pinus nigra.


TEXT:
Partially threatened by tourism, danger of creation of fires.


TEXT:
Part of the National Nature Monument is threatened by the planting of Pinus nigra and Pinus silvestris.


TEXT:
Part of the area is threatened by the planting of non-native Pinus nigra and Fraxinus ornus, resulting in degradation of the undergrowth. There is no planting at the present.


TEXT:
Tourism, pollution, forestry, illegal digging up of threatened plants and illegal collecting of threatened invertebrates.


TEXT:
Threatened by high volume of tourism, manly on April-June.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by nearness of city aglomeration, in southern part is situated abandoned quarry.


TEXT:
Nearness of quarry - output of dolomite stones.


TEXT:
The site is threatened on the upper part by tourism.


TEXT:
The area was threatened by agricultural activities on the surrounding pastures, mainly by the barriers created for the livestock. Currently the barriers do not function. Threatened by successive changes - shrub overgrowth, expansion of Phragmites australis.


TEXT:
The area is less threatened by tourism as a result of eliminating hiking trail in 1983. Sporadically visited, some human intervention (puting a cross on the top, plant collecting, etc.).


TEXT:
Threatened by the development of secondary succession (growing of shrubs, cumulation of biomass, penetration of mesophilous and nitrophilous species), by high rate of visiting, cultivation of neighboring fields.


TEXT:
Due to the variety of reliefs, the area is difficult for human activities. The growth on the mountain ridge is slightly influeuced by remote imissions.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive hiking mainly near the hiking paths.


TEXT:
Intensive hiking, mainly during the summer, in the immediate neighbourhood of the protected area are chalets, output activities.


TEXT:
The peaks are threatened by tourism visitation in the vegetational period.


TEXT:
Potential hazard due to natural calamities and tourism.


TEXT:
Forestry in surroundings. Privatisation of woods and cutting, trying to forest the grasslands with xero-thermophilous vegetation.


TEXT:
A long-range transport of emmissions, tourism, entry of cars on forest roads, over-multiplying of forest pests, afforestation by non-native seedling plants, especially at the end of avalanche grooves with native non-forest vegetation, using the territory for hunting management.


TEXT:
Tourism, (cable-way, ski-lifts), a long-range transport of emmissions, unsuitable way of afforestation.


TEXT:
Tourism in border parts, illegal cutting. Project of highway construction in the Vah River.


TEXT:
Long-range emmissions (54% in III. and IV. grade), alpineskiing, tourism, plucking of forest fruits - mass (collective), hunting, plantation of dwarfed pines, grazing of cattle.


TEXT:
A long-range transport of emmissions, tourism, erosion, disturbance of animals, planting of spruce in the lowest elevation, illegal cutting.


TEXT:
Overgrowing by natural self-seeding, plugging the bores, passing by cars, grazing and watering the cattle (individual).


TEXT:
A long-range transport of emmissions, tourism, illegal cutting, illegal alpineskiing and mountaineering, illegal harvesting of forest fruits, pasturing (grazing) on the boundary of the Reserve.


TEXT:
Tourism, pasturing (grazing) at present expelled from this site.


TEXT:
Threatened by emissions, drinking water source, un-coordinated cave research, tourism, cliff climbing.


TEXT:
In the non forested marginal area disturbance of the soils by pasturing, influence of pollutants in the peaks, non coordinated cave research, contamination by waste from the cottage under Borisov.


TEXT:
Emissions, tourism, disturbance of the vegetational cover by cattle crossing on the mariginal part of the site.


TEXT:
Succession, collection of the protected plants, negative influence of the class 1 road situated close to site, in the past - peat output.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive tourism, mainly in May-August.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive tourism, defiliation of water flows by different domestic waste, illegal dumps.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive tourism, forest economical activities and by hunting.


TEXT:
A frequent tourist path runs through the area. The area was a pasture in the past.


TEXT:
Ecosystems in a part of National Nature Reserve are changed by the construction of a road and a cottage. Due to the construction of the cottage, the site of Linnea borealis has disappeared.


TEXT:
Groves are almost undisturbed by human activities.


TEXT:
The middle part is influenced by alder forestry, in past the area was a pasture.


TEXT:
The site was disturbed by the construction of hotel near Popradske Pleso and additional disturbances result from excessive tourism.


TEXT:
Ecosystems were disturbed by sheep pasture in past, till the close of range path in 1978, a vegetation cover was trodden down in several places, which result in erosion.


TEXT:
High rate of visitation, proximity of living areas


TEXT:
Threatened by emissions, high rate of tourism, harvesting of forest fruits.


TEXT:
Threatened by emissions, tourism and recreation, harvesting of forest fruits.


TEXT:
Threatened by missions, harvesting of herbs (Cetraria Islandica) and forest fruits.


TEXT:
Touristic and recreation activities, car traffic.


TEXT:
Minimal influence of tourism, cattle breeding.


TEXT:
The area is threatened by tourism, cattle pasturing, wood output.


TEXT:
Contamination of the river, damage of the banks during cattle crossing and watering, planned reconstruction of small water plants, not functional fish paths on the lower part, ploughing close to river-bed, poaching, total cutting of the woods near the river.


TEXT:
Succesion, mining activities in the mearly (dust fall, building of a road near the area).


TEXT:
A minimal influence of tourism (picking up mushrooms).


TEXT:
In the past the grove was damaged by pasturing and sheep folding near National Nature Reserve.


TEXT:
A drier part of the area was extensivelly exploited for agricultural mowing and occasional pasturing.


TEXT:
Exploiting of travertine, high visitation, mountaineering, illegal cutting.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by intensive tourism and by agricultural activities - pasturing of cattle, fertilizing, burning of grass. Threatened to some degree, by the state road No. E18, in the immediate closeness of the area, also possible rebuilding of springs.


TEXT:
Non-utilization of unforested areas - succesion of shrubs and alder woods.


TEXT:
Pollution from brown coal power plant in Zemianske Kostolany and chemical fabric in Novaky, tourism, forestry, re-open of quarry.


TEXT:
Pollution from brown coal power plant in Zemianske Kostolany and chemical fabric in Novaky. - tourism


TEXT:
Pollution from brown coal power plant in Zemianske Kostolany and chemical fabric in Novaky.


TEXT:
The area is threatened by high touristic visitation.


TEXT:
Possible damage as a result of output in the near growth, also increasing tracheomyosis.


TEXT:
Threatened by high touristic visitation.


TEXT:
Threatened by agricultur and other activities of the inhabitants of the hut nearby.


TEXT:
Threatened by tourism, perspectively by extraction.


TEXT:
Unsuitable economical forest interferences - industrial emission.


TEXT:
Possible intensive pasturing - high tourist visitation - shrubs overgrowth.


TEXT:
Intensive agriculture, livestock breeding - in the past concentration in this site, ruderalisation, illegal collection animals species, extinction of the village Cabrad, succession of open areas by acacia.


TEXT:
Contact with a state road- pollution by car emissions and contamination by waste. Succession of alder trees on the peat bogs.


TEXT:
Building of two railway tracks, uncontrolled, high overfertilization, utilization of heavy mechanisms, changes in the water regime - regulation of the flow of the Slatina stream.


TEXT:
Successive development leading to lower diversity of species and biocoenoses diversity.


TEXT:
Changes in the water regime, water pollution, waste dumps.


TEXT:
Draining, backfilling, pollution by waste, change of culture.


TEXT:
Succession of acacia. The closeness of village.


TEXT:
Potential extraction of stone, forestry, succesion and forest plantation of open enclaves (e.g. acacia).


TEXT:
Great influence of the surrouding agricultural landscape of the area, removal of bank growth, agricultural efforts to recultivate the surrounding fields, illegal waste dumps around the ponds.


TEXT:
Threatened by high rate of tourism during the whole year (more from spring till late autuumn), secondary succession.


TEXT:
Very much threatened by high rate of tourism, May - September.


TEXT:
Threatened by tourism, (touristic route goes through the area). There potentially may occur an interest in raw material and forest product extraction.


TEXT:
Tourism (marked hiking trail goes through the area) spontaneous overgrowth by succession.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by intensive tourism, constant disturbing of the underground caves by hammering, by searching for opals, by using explosives, all this has a negative effect on the bat communities in quality as well as in quantity.


TEXT:
Potential possibility of threat due to activities of forestry on the border of the area, very intensive tourism.


TEXT:
The site is managed according to forestry plan created in cooperation of the organization of State Nature Protection, but the cutting of trees in the surrounding forests has a negative influence on the natural conditions of the site. The site is also threatened due to tourism a hiking path goes accross the site.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by a quarry, by natural succession of shrubs and its result in decreasing abundance of rare plants species, air pollution from the mime mill, dumps of domestic waste, cattle grazing.


TEXT:
Threatened by succesive process, by invasion of ruderal plant species (e.g. Sambucus ebulus).


TEXT:
Threatened by succesion and by unpermited pasturing of sheep.


TEXT:
Threatened by tourism and by stealing of endemic species mainly butterflies.


TEXT:
Forestry cutting, human activities in the surroundings of the site, hiking in the ridge part.


TEXT:
By emissions, recreation and building activities in the neighbourhood, by cattle raising and pasturing on the deforested mountain ridges near the Reserve.


TEXT:
Part of site (rocky steppe and steppe) is threatened by succession changes (shrub growth, accumulation of dead plant material), expansion of ruderal elements (Sambucus ebulus, Robinia pseudoacacia), nearness of road, railway track and restoration of antifire belt in the Reserve.


TEXT:
Threatened by emissions from distant sources, forest cutting.


TEXT:
Threatened by forest cutting in the surrouding growths, plant cover of part of the site is damaged slightly during sport activities, closeness of sprawling settlements.


TEXT:
High visiting, recreation, forest fruit collection and building near Reserve have negative influence on this site.


TEXT:
The soils above the peat bog were drained, there is also a forest road going near the area. Due to this during low atmospheric rainfalls there is the danger of spreading of xerophilous communities.


TEXT:
Succession - the site was drained in the past by canals. Occasional calamities on the trees by snow.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive tourism, mainly July - September, collecting of forest fruits (e.g. bilberry, cranberry etc.), not directly by air pollution, plant pests.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive tourism and collecting of forest fruits, July - September, indirectly by air pollution on forest growths.


TEXT:
Threatened by cattle pasturing and crossing through the site, by succession. Alder trees were planted on some places in the past.


TEXT:
Sucession, the area was drained partially in the past by canals, is in contact with the surrounding agricultural fields. Collection of forest fruits, (e.g. cranberries, mushrooms etc.).


TEXT:
Part of the area influenced by succession, in the past draining canals were dug in the upper part of the site, intensive visitation in July - August, collection of forest fruits (e.g. cranberry, bilberry, etc.).


TEXT:
Succession - xerophilous vegetation and communities, the area is in contact with the neighbouring private fields.


TEXT:
Threatened sporadic tourism, without management it is threatened the succession of natural seeding trees (e.g. alder, spruce).


TEXT:
Succession, the neighbouring fields were drained, small water income, depends on rainfalls. In contact with the neighbouring fields and road, picking up of forest fruits in the Klinske raselinisko National Nature Reserve.


TEXT:
Threatened by commecial harvesting by entomologists - collection of threatened insects during June - August, partly by forestry, stealing of trees, collection of forest fruits (e.g. bilberry, cranberry, etc.).


TEXT:
Fishing (Disturbing), soil management near the stream, water from the neighbouring villages without canal system, illegal cutting of trees.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive tourism (fishers, mushroom pickers) mainly in June - October, by forestry (mainly by processing of calamity wood) and by hunting.


TEXT:
High intensity of tourism, fishing, hunting.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by inteference to the hydrological regime of its surroundings. Certain threat is the intensive use of agricultural fields in the surroundings of the site.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by frequent tourism, air pollution coming from other areas damaging mainly the forest growths.


TEXT:
The locality is partly threatened by local harvesting of woods, due to which the character of the area is disturbed, the food base of Castor fiber is extinguisted.


TEXT:
The area is threatened by intensive tourism. Potentially threatened by disrespect for the measures of protection in relation to the forest economy also the interest in andesite excavation.


TEXT:
Little threatened relatively, only by tourists June-August. In the early spring danger of fires (tall dry herbs on the S slopes of Vihorlat).


TEXT:
In the spring areas there is natural succession development, shrub willow invasion on bogs due to which the conditions for the development of peat bog communities is hardened. Not threatened by man.


TEXT:
Rare plant species are threatened by man (tearing, stepping upon). The eastern part is threatened by hunting of boars. Stabilized water regime.


TEXT:
Threatened parts of the forest communities due to overpopulation of deer, meadow communities by the succession of tall grasses and woods. The area with frequent tourism mainly in July and August.


TEXT:
The area is without expressive threatening influences.


TEXT:
The site is without threatening influences, provided that regular extensive cutting of grasses occurs every year.


TEXT:
Threatened are meadow communities by succession of tall grasses and branches.


TEXT:
Meadows communities are threatened by succession of the tall grass and by hikers.


TEXT:
Forest growthes are threatened by global air pollution which is manifested by decreasing mosses and algaes in top parts. Mountain meadows (poloniny) are threatened by succession of the tall grasses.


TEXT:
The site is without any expressive threatening influences.


TEXT:
The site is without any expressive threat influences.


TEXT:
Forest growthes are treatened by global air pollution and mountain meadows by succesion of the tall grosses.


TEXT:
Threatened by the succession of the grass Molinia caerulea due to discontinuation of agriculture.


TEXT:
Threatened by deer that damage the young fir, succession and by the mycorhiza of elm trees.


TEXT:
In the 1960-s the Porec stream was regulated and deepened, which flows through the site of the Reserve. The result of this was the drying of fens, marshes and wet meadows, decreasing numbers of some rare species.


TEXT:
Threat due to over-fishing, potential threat from building of dam waterworks and change of landuse.


TEXT:
Presently threatened by over fishing, by unregulated recreation, by alluvial mining, potential threat by building continuation of waterworks and by change of land use.


TEXT:
Water and forest economy, hunting and other methods of recreational utilization of the area.


TEXT:
After the building of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros waterworks dam the site is threatened by decreasing of underground water level, by using of insecticides against mosquitos, by angling and fishing, by water economy and by intensive agriculture.


TEXT:
Natural succession, defiliation by wild waste dumps, defiliation of the land by agricultural production.


TEXT:
Poplar monoculture planting, the drop of water level due to the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros waterwork, fishing, angling and hunting.


TEXT:
Agricultural production on the surrounding fields.


TEXT:
Water regime, poachery, the burning down of reeds, contamination of the marginal areas. Close to the site there is a fish farm.


TEXT:
Reinforcing of Danube bank due to Gabcikovo-Nagymaros water work by hunting, by poaching, by illegal cutting of trees.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by shortage of water and by selling of territory to private people.


TEXT:
Not sufficient water regime, eutrophication of the water, recreation near the city.


TEXT:
Negative influences of some sorts of recreational activities.


TEXT:
Soil erosion, application of chemicals in the surrounding agricultural fields, the spreading of weed plants, planting of unsuitable trees.


TEXT:
Very threatened by the manipulation of the water regime.


TEXT:
Threatened by the growth of unhalomorph flora due to the draining of the surrounding fields and the stopping of pasturing.


TEXT:
After a proclamation of this area as a State Nature Reserve from 30.10.1976, it is not such attacked (e.g. by digging of stones) as in the past. In present time site vulnerability is by hunting and fishing.


TEXT:
The site is attacked by different human activities, (e.g. angling, unlawful fishing and hunting, water polution, car driving through the Reserve, unlawful letting out of the pond).


TEXT:
The locality is threatened by tree succession, illegal taking of land for vineyards and gardens, dumps of communal waste, taking of the lands for military purposes.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by the succession of trees and scrubs (especially by acacia from the neighbouring forest), by the nearby dump of domestic waste, illegal crossing by agricultural machines through the protected area.


TEXT:
The locality is threatened by the spreading of house building on the bank of the river branch, by the intervention with water regime, cutting and burning out of the bank growth, by planting unsuitable trees on the banks (canadian poplar). Defiliation of the area by waste and stocking of materials, by chemical agricultural spraying.


TEXT:
The locality is threatened by great pressure of farmers for the recultivation of meadows in the area, by non legal dumps of different waste, by the use of chemicals in agricultural production on the borders of the area.


TEXT:
At the present the Tajba is nearly without water due to the drought in the last years, there were two great fires in 1994 that greatly disturbed the bank and the swamp vegetation. The site was contaminated by crude oil accident from a neighbouring company, there is a danger of contamination by chemicals from the neighbouring agricultural fields.


TEXT:
Site belongs to the low threatened areas. Incorrect direction of forestry in conditions of new ownership relations.


TEXT:
Threatened mainly by felling of trees, burning and reclaiming interferences in surroundings.


TEXT:
Agricultural activities, reclamational interference, waste (closeness of intravillans).


TEXT:
Forest use, including the feeling of old forests, hunting, construction:


TEXT:
Hunting, construction near the areas rich in biological diversity:


TEXT:
Tourism, including cave visits, constriction works:


TEXT:
Exposed to industrial pollution of air, pollution of rivers by mining wastes on the part of territory, turistic pressure, pasture (esp. goats):


TEXT:
Tourism, construction of facilities for tourist visits:


TEXT:
Tourism, construction of the facilities for tourist visits. Capturing the springs of the underground river:


TEXT:
Household pollution, draining of the terrain, killing of the amphibians:


TEXT:
In need of protection from feeling of old forests, hunting, construction works:


TEXT:
Grazing; total drainage of the Dragomansko fen:


TEXT:
Drying, probably due to anthropogene activities:


TEXT:
Turism, incl. turist facilities construction:


TEXT:
Construction works, proximity to the capital, feelings:


TEXT:
Intensive forestry, hunting, building construction, mining and industrial pollution from adjacent areas:


TEXT:
Pasture, mowing, ploughing up, draining:


TEXT:
Grazing, forestry works, building construction and hunting, tourism:


TEXT:
Hydroelectric activities, forest use, tourism and ski resorts:


TEXT:
Proximity to the tourist sight - Rila Monastery:


TEXT:
Settlements, goat grazing, collecting of animals (snakes, butterflies, etc.), forestry, traffic:


TEXT:
Pasture and arable farming in the buffer zone of the Strict Reserve Tisata:


TEXT:
In urgent need of protection from tourist visits:


TEXT:
Forest use, withering of Castanea sativa, hunting:


TEXT:
Aging of the forests with limited natural restauration:


TEXT:
Construction works, stone-pits, a catchment area for water- supply system, pasture, tourism (high human pressure):


TEXT:
Proximity to settlements, goat pasture, hunting, forest use, including feeling and medicinal plants collection:


TEXT:
Forest use, hunting, pasture, reservoirs building, forest roads, motorways:


TEXT:
Feeling, railway, motorway traffic, hunting, tourism, hydroconstruction:


TEXT:
Hunting, construction and other activities related to hydroelectric power production:


TEXT:
Forest use, tourism, construction, hunting, goat pasture:


TEXT:
Hunting, proximity to the town, stone quarries, feeling, goat pasture:


TEXT:
Forest use, esp. felling, hunting, goat pasture, construction, tourism, plant collection:


TEXT:
Fishing, hunting on waterfowl, irrigation:


TEXT:
In need of protection against -irrigation -industrial pollution -agricultural pollution (both stock and arable farming) -hunting -felling of the riverbank forest vegetation -sand extraction operations -growing of vegetable gardens on the riverbanks:


TEXT:
Proximity to a settlement, hunting and fishing, agro-pollution:


TEXT:
Stone quarries, industrial pollution, grazing, artificial forestation:


TEXT:
In need of protection against felling, pasture, arable farming, incl.irrigation, stone pits, hunting, motorway traffic:


TEXT:
Agricultural activities, mining and stone- pits, hunting, decrease of food avalability for vultures:


TEXT:
Pasture, fellings, tourism, hunting and fishing:


TEXT:
There is a danger of eventual draining of the site:


TEXT:
Grazing, illegal collection of reptiles:


TEXT:
Diverse human activities as agriculture, hunting, stone quarries, building construction works:


TEXT:
Agriculture, industrial pollution from adjacent city (Sliven), car traffic:


TEXT:
Agricultural and industrial pollution. The reservoir's waters are used for cooling a Thermo- electric plant. Hunting:


TEXT:
Tourism, proximity to a big town, industrial pollution:


TEXT:
Forest use, hunting, building construction.


TEXT:
Grazing, agriculture, hunting and fishing, fish farms:


TEXT:
Riverbank corrections, draining and water pollution, hunting:


TEXT:
Draining and agriculture, hunting and building construction:


TEXT:
Agriculture, huntining, grazing, forestry works:


TEXT:
Construction works, mining and stone-pits, agricultural activities, incl. goat pasture, underground and river water pumping, forest exploitation, collection of medicinal plants, increasing tourist pressure:


TEXT:
Increasing tourist pressure, housing, fishing and hunting. Forestry works:


TEXT:
Tourism, heavy motorway traffic, building construction, disturbance of the hydrologycal regime, hunting; proximity to touristic centres:


TEXT:
Heavy automobile traffic, touris pressure during the summer season. Illegal hunting and construction activities are always a potential danger:


TEXT:
Proximity to a big city, oil rafinery and major motorways. Illigel hunting mostly in winter:


TEXT:
Proximity to fishing harbour and tourist centre, archeological activity:


TEXT:
Industrial and household pollution, hunting and fishing:


TEXT:
Proximity to a big town, major roads and an airport, traditional salt production methods could be modernized, illegal hunting:


TEXT:
Changing of the traditional salt production methods could be dangerous. Tourism:


TEXT:
Grazing, agriculture, tourism and water pollution:


TEXT:
Sand extraction and building construction, tourism, household pollution:


TEXT:
Forest use, hunting, tourism, building along the coast:


TEXT:
Disturbance of hydrological regime. Agriculture and destruction of sand dunes in adjacent areas. Proximity to seacost resorts:


TEXT:
Industrial pollution, sea-ports, hunting and fishing:


TEXT:
Tourism, building construction, hunting and forestry:


TEXT:
Underground water pumping, ploughing of the secondary steppes, illegal hunting during winter:


TEXT:
Eutrophycation, hunting and fishing, agricultural pollution (arable farming):


TEXT:
Building construction, tourism and hunting:


TEXT:
Proximity to settlements, gathering of plants of decorative value. The climate change (aridization) is a cause of the withering of the horse chestnut trees:


TEXT:
Tourist visits disturb the bat colonies:


TEXT:
Eutrophycation, disturbance of the water regime, fishing:


TEXT:
Hunting, fishing and disturbance of nesting birds:


TEXT:
Illegal fishing and disturbance of breeding birds:


TEXT:
Forest use, hunting, proximity to settlements:


TEXT:
Drying up of the fish-ponds, hunting and fishing:


TEXT:
Proximity to settlements and industrial centres, hunting, meadows ploughing, stone-pits:


TEXT:
Forest use, hunting, industrial pollution of the Yantra river, industrial fishing:


TEXT:
Proximity to a big town, gathering of plants and visitor disturbance:


TEXT:
Tourist visits, forestry, hunting and stock farming:


TEXT:
Grazing and limited tourism and leisure:


TEXT:
Human disturbance of the bat colony. Building activities around the cave's entrance:


TEXT:
Forestry, growing of poplar plantations, dike construction, hunting and industrial fishing:


TEXT:
Agricultural activities, including goat pasture, construction works, hunting:


TEXT:
Industrial pollution of the river. Fishing and hunting:


TEXT:
Felling, construction works, hunting and forestry works:


TEXT:
Felling, ploughing up the meadows, construction works:


TEXT:
Chemical pollution of the surrounding arable lands (the foraging habitat of bats) due to pesticide use. Uncontroled visits to the cave during the natal period. Goat pasture in the surrounding areas:


TEXT:
Proximity to settlements, uncontrolled tourist visits:


TEXT:
In special need of protection against stone and gravel quarries, building construction, uncontrolled speleo-tourism. Hunting:


TEXT:
Human disturbance. There is a potential danger of blocking the cave entrance. The cave is used as a water reservoir:


TEXT:
Uncontrolled tourist visits. Water pumping and attempts for electrification of the cave in the past are still a potential danger to the bat colonies:


TEXT:
Uncontrolled visits. Human disturbance of the bat colonies:


TEXT:
Industrial and household pollution of the Danube river. Hunting and fishing. Disturbance of the nesting birds:


TEXT:
Hunting and fishing. Cutting and burning of reeds. Fish farming:


TEXT:
Forestry works and tree plantations, fishing and hunting. Industrial and household pollution of the Danube river:


TEXT:
Forest succession, tourism, proximity to settlements, hunting:


TEXT:
The site is adjacent to the town of Ivaylovgrad and is used as a town park. Building of electricity poles. Intense human presence:


TEXT:
Forestry, hunting. A major transportation corridor to Greece planned through the area. Building construction and intense traffic are a potential danger:


TEXT:
Industrial and household pollution, uncontrolled fishing and hunting:


TEXT:
Industrial, farming and household pollution, riverbank corrections, water pumping, hunting:


TEXT:
The area is threatened by pollution (chemical plant). Disturbance to the site due to forest labours.


TEXT:
Improvement and exploatation of the peatbogs threaten the site.


TEXT:
Agricultural pollution, drainage and road construction threaten the site. W 1993 roku 400ha sprzedano w prywatne rêce. Za³o¿ono tu plantacjê trzciny; zniszczono m.in. olbrzymie p³aty Myrica gale i siedliska lêgowe wodniczki, która do tego roku wystêpowa³a w liczbie 40-60 œpiewajacych samców.


TEXT:
Pollution and eutrophication (sewage from hotel/guest-houses, agricultural effluent).


TEXT:
Drainage of areas surrounding the site is a potential threat. Pollution and eutrophication are existing problems.


TEXT:
Disturbance to the site due to angling and in some seasons due to hay-making;:


TEXT:
Disturbance due to hunting, haymaking and cattle-grazing.


TEXT:
Agricultural, industrial, and sewage pollution; hunting pressure.:


TEXT:
The site is difficult to access; however, activities in adjacent areas may threaten the site. On German side the development of petrochemical industry in Schwedt and a paper-mill is planned. There are threats of agricultural and sewage pollution. Hunting, angling and poaching pressure.


TEXT:
Drainage, eutophication and recreation affect the site.


TEXT:
Tourist pressure; exploitation of forests.


TEXT:
Pollution from agricultural sources is a problem.


TEXT:
Pollution from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. Secondary pollution arising from effluent entering the Odra further upstream; zmiana stosunków wodnych i w³asnoœci wody; ¿egluga.


TEXT:
Kserotermiczne murawy rezerwatu Bielinek nad Odr¹ zarastane sa przez Robinia pseudacaccia i Prunus fruticosa; wchodzenie gatunków mezofilnych.:


TEXT:
Threat of pollution by chemical plant (Police).:


TEXT:
Pollution with municipal sewage; the surrounding area was drained in the fifties and sixties.


TEXT:
Some wetland areas in the vicinity of the Park have been drained; the cessation of grazing caused a reduction in the breeding populations of some waders, pollution of rivers feeding the Park lakes.


TEXT:
Natural deterioration of old trees resulted in the disappearance of Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis and greatly reduced numbers of Ardea cinerea.


TEXT:
Eksploatacja kruszywa, podjêta w najp³ytszych miejscach ³awicy unicestwi istniej¹c¹ biocenozê; po³owy w³okami dennymi; zerwane sieci propylenowe.


TEXT:
notuje siê przypadki k³usownictwa; niekontrolowany (i pog³êb.) przekop do jeziora M¹tasek w niektóre lata powoduje obni¿enie lustra wody. Eutrofizacjê jeziora przyspieszaj¹ nawozy sp³ukiwane z pól.


TEXT:
w s¹siedztwie ostoi znajduje siê ¿wirownia i uczêszczana szosa;


TEXT:
Nasilaj¹ca siê turystyka; rozprzestrzenianie siê zabudowy (domki letniskowe); zaprzestanie u¿ytkowania mokrych ³¹k na przesmykach prowadz¹ce do inwazji zaroœli wierzbowych i olszyn; nieuregulowana gospodarka wodno-œciekowa. The greatest threat is tourism and other forms of recreation as well as pollution of water by municipal sewages and field runoff (fertilizers runoff).


TEXT:
Torfowisko jest odwadniane i nara¿one na trwa³e obni¿enie poziomu wody; w s¹siedztwie du¿o campingów i terenów rekreacyjno-sportowych;


TEXT:
Main threat is forest management and drainage of peat-bogs.


TEXT:
Najwiêkszym zagro¿eniem dla lêgowych siewkowców jest zbyt niska intensywnoœæ wypasu, co prowadzi do sukcesji zbiorowisk wysokich traw, zw³aszcza trzciny. W efekcie gniazdowe siewkowce opuszczaj¹ teren. The greatest threat to Beka meadows is too low intensity of grazing, which favours the succession of tall grasses, above all reed; as a result nesting Charadriiformes, e.g. Calidris alpina abandon the site.


TEXT:
Greatest threats to nesting birds are penetration of the area by people (in the breeding season), eutrophication of lakes and clearing of trees and shrubs; particularly dangerous is intense building of lake margins for recreational purposes.


TEXT:
Udokumentowano postêpuj¹cy zanik gatunków œwiat³o- i ciep³olubnych. G³ówn¹ przyczyn¹ jest stabilizacja i zalesianie zboczy doliny Wis³y oraz niew³aœciwa gospodarka leœna (g³ównie nasadzenia Robinia pseudacacia i wprowadzenie sosny Pinus sylvestris na siedliska gr¹du. W drzewostanach sosnowych nast¹pi³ madmierny rozwój warstwy krzewów. Potencjalne zagro¿enie stanowi projektowana budowa zapory wodnej na Wiœle w Opaleniu, co doprowadziæ mo¿e do ca³kowitego zniszczenia siedlisk na dnie doliny i w dolnej czêœci zboczy.


TEXT:
Dyskutowany projekt stabilizacji klifu w Jastrzêbiej Górze.


TEXT:
Na skutek zalesienia wydmy szarej zmniejsza siê powierzchnia naturalnych zbiorowisk psammofilnych, w pobli¿u miejscowoœci natê¿ony ruch turystyczny oraz budowa domów letniskowych, lokalnie intensywna, naturalna abrazja morska.;


TEXT:
Zbiorowiska ³¹kowe nara¿one s¹ na niekorzystne zmiany z powodu sztucznego obni¿enia poziomu wody w czêœci rezerwatu oraz braku lub niew³aœciwego koszenia. Wymagaj¹ bardzo starannej, ci¹g³ej czynnej ochrony.


TEXT:
Dno doliny w znacznej czêœci odwadniane przez system rowów melioracyjnych, czêœæ pó³naturalnych, "dzikich" ³¹k zamieniona na intensywne u¿ytki zielone;


TEXT:
silna presja rekreacyjna; zrzut œcieków z oczyszczalni w Dêbogórzu kana³em Zagórskiej Strugi; nadmierne nawo¿enie niektórych ³¹k;


TEXT:
Pollution arising from domestic and industrial effluents; the mass drowning of waterflow in fishing nets.


TEXT:
œcieki z mleczarni w Pieniê¿nie; wypas byd³a; po³ów ryb ze wzglêdu na wydeptywanie roœlinnoœci brzegowej; turystyka.


TEXT:
Heavy pollution by agricultural and industrial effluent, hunting activity in the environs of reserve.


TEXT:
Brak zalewów powoduje zamianê siedlisk ³êgowych w gr¹dowe.


TEXT:
Threats to the site are numerous: vanishing of lakes due to stream channels deepening overgrowing and silting of reservoirs; water pollution; overbuilding of the lake shores for recreational purposes; intensive exploatation of forests with destruction of old stands; uncontrolled development of tourist facilities in the area; harvesting of forest berries; hunting, poaching, burning of dry vegetation in spring, cutting of arboreus vegetation amidst fields and meadows; intense vehicular traffic.


TEXT:
Lake Sasek Ma³y polluted by sewage; intensive forestry including afforestation of bogs and wet meadows also threatens the area


TEXT:
Eksploatacja lasów, rozprzestrzenianie siê norki amerykañskiej;


TEXT:
The area is threatened by the felling of mature trees, by drainage of wet and swampy wooded areas and by recreation pressure;:


TEXT:
Part of area is cultivated; there is a threat of drainage and intensification of reed exploitation. In the neighbourhood of meadows there is planned a housing estate.


TEXT:
The site is affected by pollution of River Gaæ; other problems include the deterioration of aquatic vegetation (possibly due to acid rains), afforestration of the adjacent pastures and at the same time cutting of scrub protecting lake against fertilizer runoff. In the immediate vicinity of the lake there are established plantation of fruit shrubs.


TEXT:
In the canal fish are cought by means of poaching technique. Stabilization of water-level in the area is needed.


TEXT:
Forest labours may adverselly affect species nesting in mature stands; intense forest cutting;


TEXT:
Postêpuj¹cy proces degradacji torfowisk spowodowany zmianami systemu zasilaj¹cego je w wodê; penetracja przez ludzi i zwierzêta gospodarskie; rozdeptywanie i nasilenie erozji wodnej stromych zboczy; wypalanie szuwarów.


TEXT:
There are plans to drain the site. The imminent threat is overbuilding for recreational purposes;


TEXT:
wydeptywanie, rozkopywanie gleby przez wêdkarzy;


TEXT:
The whole area is used for intensive forestry which may adversely affect birds nesting in nature stands.


TEXT:
Najwiêksze zagro¿enia to: ruch turystyczny - szczególnie sporty wosne, chemizacja rolnictwa, intensywna gospodarka rybacka.


TEXT:
1) The river is threatened with pollution. It has been observed that beavers which formerly inhabited the river from Suwa³ki to State border gradually move towards the east. 2) Certain areas of the site are rather scarce in winter food resources for beavers.


TEXT:
Burning of grasses in spring; owners of a not protected part are planning further drainage of the area.


TEXT:
Waters of Romincka Forests are threatened with pollution (agricultural effluents).


TEXT:
There are problems with siltation and water pollution (influx of polluted waters from Œniardwy lake). Other threats are poaching and tourist pressure.


TEXT:
Threats are intensive drainage at the site margins, exploatation of reed and increasing penetration of the area by bird watchers attracred by concentration of cranes. The are plans to exploit here bog lime, which may destroy the site.


TEXT:
Due to drainage labours (in 70s) anf intensive water intake from Oœwinka (beyond the boundary of Poland) the water table of the lake dropped by ca 1m. This conducted to changes in vegetation and, in consequence, to the impoverishment of ornithofauna. In 1993 a weir was constructed on Oœwinka to lift waters of lake. However, the lake is, as before threatened by eutrophication due to fertilizer and herbicide runoff from agricultural land.


TEXT:
Zagro¿enie stanowi nadmierna penetracja przez turystów (sporty wodne), a tak¿e zmiany w u¿ytkowaniu terenów przyleg³ych do jeziora.


TEXT:
The site is threatened with water deficit> In dry years (e. g. 1989 - 1993) when floods are less intense or when there are no floods habitat conditions for birds drastically change. The refuge becomes unatractive for birds, there occur serious losses in hatches. Further threat is penetration of the area by anglers, bird watchers and photographers. Hunting in the vicinity and mowing are at tolerable level. Cattle grazing must be maintained, but grazing of geese threaten the site.


TEXT:
Felling operations in forests and digging of over-deep drainage channels;


TEXT:
turystyka, ha³as, zagospodarowywanie podziemi, badania naukowe, wiercenia, prace odwadniaj¹ce, zamurowywanie otworów wentylacyjnych;:


TEXT:
osuszanie zabagnionych terenów; powaznie zanieczyszczona rzeka; wycinanie olszy;


TEXT:
Disturbance from tourists. Three the biggest lakes: S³awa, Tarnowskie Du¿e i Tarnowskie Ma³e are for recreation.


TEXT:
Sk³adowanie na jednej z grobli œmieci i nawozów sztucznych, p³oszenie ptaków przez myœliwych; zaburzenie stosunków wodnych;


TEXT:
Disturbance during the breeding period; hunting during the period of autumn migrations; there is increased water pollution due to the inflow of sewage upstream of the site;


TEXT:
Eutrofizacja wód i zmiana sposobu u¿ytkowania stawów.


TEXT:
eutrofizacja wód, zniszczenie biotopu w wyniku zmniany sposobu u¿ytkowania;:


TEXT:
discrimination some fish-eating spacies of bird - A. cinerea, Ph. carbo.


TEXT:
Forests are threatened by pests and fire; Intensive forestry.


TEXT:
Fertilizer runoff from adjacent fields accelerates the eutrophication of lakes.


TEXT:
Birds are threatened with removal of reed and mowing of grass on dikes in breeding season.


TEXT:
Potential threat of drainage and clearance of trees and bushes.:


TEXT:
eksploatacja torfu, kredy, piasku; zagro¿enie eutrofizacja siedlisk oligotroficznych.


TEXT:
Drainage and the use of fertilizers in the surruonding areas - lower water level and eutrophization


TEXT:
Threats are: mowing of the rush vegetation in breeding season, draining ponds in winter, and intense hunting.


TEXT:
sukcesja olchy i wierzb - zacienienie prowadzace do zmniejszania siê area³u brzozy niskiej: 1986 r. - 1150 m kwadratowych; 1993 r. - 500 m kwadratowych;


TEXT:
There is a potential threat of draining and rebulding of river bed. Birds are distured due to intense penetration of the site by hunters and anglers.


TEXT:
The site is threatened with drought. In dry summer 1983 marshes completely went dry.


TEXT:
Drainage of the marshes is the main problem.:


TEXT:
Threat of drainage; overgrowing with bushes, what has affected especially the open landscape species.


TEXT:
Intensive forestry; Alnus woods are threatened by drainage;


TEXT:
zagro¿eniem ostoi jest osuszanie terenów s¹siaduj¹cych oraz brak wypasu na istniej¹cych ³¹kach;:


TEXT:
Brak przeplawek dla ryb (istniej¹ca nie spe³nia swojego zadania)


TEXT:
The main threat is drainage (already done and planned).;


TEXT:
Exploatation of wood causes the degradation of the nesting habitat of larger birds.


TEXT:
The most suitable for birds - northern part of the site - is threatened with destruction (cutting reeds, elimination of small islands etc.)


TEXT:
Ostoi zagra¿aj¹: odwodnienie i osuszenie (liczne kana³y przyœpieszajace sp³yw wód powierzchniowych, k³usownictwo i konsekwencje zaniechania niektórych form upraw. Human activities include hay production and grazing of livestock. Cessation of grassland cultivation would threaten breeding waders.


TEXT:
Less than 10% of the area is used as pasture/hay meadows. Scrub invasion may threaten nesting habitats for waders.


TEXT:
zmiany stosunków wodnych; zabudowa obrzeza doliny; k³usownictwo; plany inwestycji (most, zbiornik wodny)


TEXT:
Stosunkowo ma³y teren po³o¿ony blisko du¿ej miejscowoœci (Wizna), ró¿ne formy wypoczynku, s¹siedztwo zmeliorowanego kompleksu Bagno Wizna.


TEXT:
pog³êbianie siê procesów, które rozpoczê³y siê po zmeliorowaniu terenu (odwodnienie, wchodzenie roœlinnoœci antropogenicznej), k³usownictwo, wydobycie torfu;


TEXT:
Zmiany stosunków wodnych (osuszanie pozosta³ych torfowisk); rabunkowa gospodarka leœna; k³usownictwo; zalesianie muraw sosn¹.


TEXT:
synantropizacja flory, zniszczenie podszytu i runa ciê¿kim sprzêtem u¿ywanym do zrywki drewna pochodz¹cego z ciêæ sanitarnych.


TEXT:
Intensywna gospodarka leœna, osuszanie terenów podmok³ych i zanieczyszczanie wód to podstawowe zagro¿enia dla przyrody Puszczy Knyszyñskiej.:


TEXT:
Zagro¿eniem ostoi jest dzia³alnoœæ ludzka polegaj¹ca na regulacji rzeki, która spowodow³a obni¿enie stanów wody w korycie i na terenach przyleg³ych. Wkroczenie na te osuszone tereny upraw rolnych spotêgowa³o zagro¿enie. Human activities include cattle-grazing, haymaking, angling and hunting. Drainage works in the surrounding areas affect badly the site.:


TEXT:
Zagro¿eniem ostoi jest obni¿anie siê poziomu wód gruntowych i postêpuj¹cy zanik u¿ytkowania rolniczego. Ostoja jest zagro¿ona przez obni¿anie poziomu wody gruntowej i przejmowanie terenów pod uprawy rolne.


TEXT:
The greatest threat to the site is lowering of ground water table due to repeated from time to time drainage works.


TEXT:
In the neighbourhood there is a big place of exploiting of peat. Vast areas of valley peat-bogs have been drained and turned into meadows. W sasiedztwie rezerwatu torf jest eksploatowany na du¿¹ skalê.


TEXT:
Najwiêksze zagro¿enia dla tutejszej awifauny stwarzaj¹ obwa³owania i odcinanie starorzeczy od wspó³czesnego koryta rzeki oraz zabudowa doliny i rozwój inwestycji zwiazanych z rekreacj¹. Zanieczyszczenie wód, melioracje, tamy zaporowe, k³usownictwo, trasy szybkiego ruchu, przebudowa drzewostanów w kierunku monokultur sosnowych.


TEXT:
Najwieksze zagrozenia dla tutejszej przyrody stwarzaja wedkowanie obwalowania rzeki i odcinanie starorzeczy od wspólczesnego koryta oraz zabudowa doliny i rozwój inwestycji zwiazanych z rekreacja. zalesianie; odprowadzanie wody ze starorzeczy; turystyka grupowa; wedkowanie obwalowania rzeki i odcinanie starorzeczy od wspólczesnego koryta oraz zabudowa doliny i rozwój inwestycji zwiazanych z rekreacja.


TEXT:
gospodarka ³¹kowa, stadniny koni, melioracje, spadek poziomu wód, eutrofizacja wód; w lasach grabienie sció³ki, wydeptywanie, zaœmiecanie;:


TEXT:
The fish farmers want to clear as much of the vegetation as possible, and to control fish-eating birds. Zagro¿enie ostoi zwi¹zane jest z usuwaniem roœlinnoœci szuwarowej i têpieniem ptaków rybo¿ernych na stawach, a tak¿e wypalaniem ³¹k i ich zaorywaniem.


TEXT:
Zarastanie oczek wodnych, sukcesja na torfowisku, regulacja stosunków wodnych - istnieje rów odwadniaj¹cy; wêdkowanie;


TEXT:
Greatest threat are drainage operations carried on in the surrounding areas, as well as pertnent destroying of the weir on Mogielnica. Other threats is field run-off, burning of vegetation in spring and poacking.


TEXT:
The area is threatened by further drainage.


TEXT:
uncontrolled tourism; acts of vandalism;


TEXT:
Zagro¿eniem ostoi jest rekreacja i turystyka, w sezonie letnim przebywa tu kilkadziesi¹t tysiêcy turystów. Main threat is recreation and tourism. Ponadto zagro¿enie stwarza palenie i wycinanie trzcin, polowania, prace w otaczaj¹cych jez. lasach.


TEXT:
The main threat are considerable fluctuations of water table, destroying nests and conducing to gradual dissapperance of shore vegetation.


TEXT:
Threats to the area are connected with already done and planned regulation of hydrological conditions (drainage, embankments, Jeziorsko retention reservoir), changes in farming (replacement of extensive methods of husbandry by intensive ones, conversion of meadows into fields, mechanization of farming labours), increased penetration by man (poaching). The critical threat is elimination of spring floods as a result of the construction of Jeziorsko reservoir. To restore periodical floods and maintain favourable for birds conditions in the valley, an appropriate management of water flow in the Jeziorsko reservoir is needed.


TEXT:
Ostoja le¿y w bezpoœrednim s¹siedztwie terenów o najwy¿szym poziomie uprzemys³owienia i urbanizacji w woj. koniñskim co powoduje nap³yw ró¿nego rodzaju zanieczyszczeñ powietrza, wody i ziemi.


TEXT:
"...obiekt po³o¿ony w bezpoœrednim zasiêgu wp³ywu g³ónych Ÿróde³ uci¹¿liwoœci dla wód powierzchniowychi wg³êbnych oraz dla ziemi...


TEXT:
Dalsze odwodnienia, zmianyc wykorzystania gruntów, wycinanie roslinnoœci


TEXT:
zmiany hydrologiczne, intensyfikacja u¿ytkowania ³¹k - szczególnie nawo¿enie i póŸne koszenie traw;


TEXT:
Wszystkie zabiegi gospodarcze na stawach prowadzi siê bez uwzglêdnienia okresów i miejsc lêgowych ptaków. Na terenie ³¹k prowadzone s¹ powierzchniowe odwodnienia oraz poszukiwania gazu ziemnego. W niektórych miejscach na obrze¿u doliny torfowe pod³o¿e zosta³o silnie zdegradowane, a ³¹ki przekszta³ca siê stopniowo w pola orne.


TEXT:
The birds are threatened by fish-farming carried on without respect to their nesting period and breeding places. In autumn the site is a hunting ground.


TEXT:
Stwierdzono, ¿e przy ca³kowitym nape³nieniu zbiornika obni¿a siê bogactwo gatunkowe awifauny. Po¿¹dane by³oby nie zalewanie rozleg³ych ³¹k w po³udniowej czêœci zbiornika.


TEXT:
Relatively strong anthropopressure; human settlements are no more than 1 km from the river, on both sides of the river - in near proximity there extends agricultural land, the river and its environs are used as recreational area.


TEXT:
Hunting pressure; fish-eating birds are shoot.


TEXT:
Fish-farmers shoot some species of fish-eating birds.


TEXT:
Fish-farmers want to reduce this areas of reeds and to control fish-eating birds; hunting pressure;


TEXT:
This forest complex is situated between two large urban aglomerations and it is threatened with mass tourism and recreation. Do wód Rawki wprowadzane s¹ cora wieksze iloœci œcieków.


TEXT:
Hunting pressure; fish-farmers want to reduce the areas of reeds, and fish-eating bird are shoot.


TEXT:
P³oszenie, zabijanie zwierzyny, zaœmiecanie, zagro¿enie po¿arowe, niszczenie roœlin - ogólnie intensywna penetracja turystyczna i k³usownictwo.


TEXT:
S¹siedztwo ogromnego wysypiska œmieci; penetracja terenu ostoi przez mieszkañców okolicznych osiedli podwarszawskich.


TEXT:
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza; wzrastaj¹ca presja turystyczna; niszczenie gniazd ptaków drapie¿nych przez okoliczn¹ ludnoœæ; bardzo szybka sukcesja na terenach otwartych prowadz¹ca do zaniku wielu zbiorowiskanieleœnych, a co za tym idzie, ubo¿enie fauny parku; w ostatnich dziesiêcioleciach spadek poziomu lustra wód gruntowych o oko³o 2 m.


TEXT:
Niepokojenie ptaków przez pas¹ce siê konie i byd³o oraz przez robotników zbierajacych siano. There is large-scale peat exploitation at the sector in Warsaw voivodship.


TEXT:
The area is threatened by planned regulation of the riverbed. There are long-term plans to convert this section of the river into a chain of reservoirs. Disturbance of birds in the breeding period from grazing. Devastation of riverside carrs.


TEXT:
W latach 80-tych gniazdowa³o tu ok. 120 gatunków ptaków, obecnie awifauna uleg³a znacznemu zubo¿eniu na skutek odwodnienia w 1992 i 1993 r. najcenniejszych fragmentów doliny.


TEXT:
Poza rezerwatami przyrody teren podlega intensywnej gospodarce leœnej, notuje siê siln¹ eksploatacjê starych drzewostanów. Teren ten, jako kompleks leœny Kryñszczak, by³ ostoj¹ ptasi¹ o znaczeniu europejskim. W ci¹gu ostatnich 15 lat wyginê³o tu przynajmniej 7 gatunków ptaków (6 z list CORINE).


TEXT:
Intensive cutting of older stands is most dangerous for all large birds. Construction of summer cottages and inereasing tourism (mainly in N and W parts) can have also some negative influence.


TEXT:
Zagro¿enie powodowane du¿ym stê¿eniem dwutlenku siarki w powietrzu; wyr¹b a zw³aszcza eksploatacja starych drzewostanów; obni¿enie poziomu wód gruntowych w efekcie robót melioracyjnych;


TEXT:
Scrub-invasion may adversely affect the breeding waterfowl;


TEXT:
Intensive forest management and farming;


TEXT:
Intense fish-farming; some fish-eating birds are controlled outside the breeding season.


TEXT:
Fish-eating birds are controlled. Eachyear ca 5-75 pairs of cormorants make nesting attampts; but only a colony up to 15 ind. are tolerated; other nests are destroyed.


TEXT:
Fish-farming interests have a priority in the area. Numbers of birds feeding on fish are reduced; this concerns chiefly the cormorant and the common heron.


TEXT:
Dla niektórych gatunków ptaków szkodliwym zjawiskiem s¹ wahania poziomu wody. Niekorzystnie na stan awifauny wp³ywaj¹ równie¿ polowania.


TEXT:
Forest situated between flood embankments are threatened with clear-feeling planned to improve flood protection. Another threat are measures aiming to eliminate each year inundation necessary for maintaining riverine carrs.


TEXT:
plan budowy du¿ego oœrodka wypoczynkowego


TEXT:
sukcesja drzew i krzewów, wkraczanie roœlin synantropijnych;


TEXT:
zanieczyszczenia œciekami komunalnymi; osuszanie terenu; wycinanie lasów; dolinê przecina modernizowana aktualnie autostrada A4


TEXT:
Birds are disturbed by anglers; human recreation is also the threat;


TEXT:
Pinetyzacja, fruticetyzacja, odwadnianie (rów melioracyjny), sukcesja na m³akach.


TEXT:
wysuszenie w wyniku melioracji prowadzonych nad Luci¹¿¹ lub zalanie przez wody projektowanego zbiornika retencyjnego;


TEXT:
Restriction of reedbeds area and discrimination of fish-eaters like Ardea cinerea and Larus ridibundus. Destroying gull colony may cause reduction of Podiceps nigricollis number.


TEXT:
Area is threatened by urbanization; strong pressure of tourism and recreation.:


TEXT:
In the upper course and near Zwoleñ the river is strongly polluted (organic pollution):;


TEXT:
Obiekt le¿y w obszarze najwiêkszych deficytów wodnych w Polsce. W jego najbli¿szym otoczeniu obserwuje siê drastyczne obni¿anie poziomu wody w studniach.:


TEXT:
Human activities include grass-cutting, grazing, recreation and Cyprinus farming. Planned channeling of the river-bed, drainage of wet flood-plain areas and lower-levels threaten the site.


TEXT:
Ostoja zagro¿ona przez osuszanie torfowiska, zarastanie i przekszta³canie w ³¹ki uprawne.


TEXT:
Wykaszanie i wypalanie roœlinnoœci na stawach, spore zainteresowanie obiektem jako terenem rekreacyjnym.


TEXT:
Od 10 lat zanikanie zdolnoœci owocowania u Larix polonica.


TEXT:
Obni¿enie poziomu wód gruntowych i powstawanie lejów depresyjnych; turystyka;


TEXT:
Silna penetracja ca³ego wzgórza przez turystów, spleologów i wspinaczy;


TEXT:
s¹siedztwo kombinatu hutniczego; masowy ruch turystyczny;


TEXT:
Nadmierna penetracja w miesi¹cach jesienno-zimowych, palenie ognisk, zaœmiecanie;


TEXT:
Ostoja jest silnie zagro¿ona w zwi¹zku z eksploatacj¹ wód podziemnych w rejonie Julianki.


TEXT:
Zanieczyszczenia sanitarne wód, wycieki chemikaliów, zapylenie powietrza;


TEXT:
masowe zwiedzanie (wzrost temperatury, zmiana wilgotnoœci i in.)


TEXT:
wypas byd³a, zbiór owoców ¿urawiny i grzybów, sk³adowanie œmieci;


TEXT:
Man's husbandry - complex is used for Cyprinus carpio farming, it is polluted with sewage;


TEXT:
The ponds are used for Cyprinus farming.


TEXT:
Prace melioracyjne na terenie Nadnidziañskiego PK;


TEXT:
Melioracje; wypalanie traw, trzcin i innej roslinnoœci.


TEXT:
Drainage is potential threat (area has already been partly drained);


TEXT:
Zarastanie polany przez drzewa i krzewy; nasadzenia sosny; zrêby zupe³ne w otoczeniu rezerwatu; nasadzanie obcych gatunków drzew na zrêbach.


TEXT:
Nielegalne pozyskiwanie kamienia; niekontrolowany ruch turystyczny; zanieczyszczenie py³em z pobliskich kombinatów cementowo-wapienniczych.


TEXT:
Sukcesja w murawach kserotermicznych; zabiegi gospodarczo-lesne w zw³aszcza w najstarszych partiach lasu.


TEXT:
eksploatacja w kamienio³omach, zaœmiecanie terenu i niszczenie œcian skalnych (np. rycie w œcianach napisów), niszczenie szaty naciekowej, penetracja jaskiñ i ploszenie zimuj¹cych nietoperzy.


TEXT:
Ocienienie i zarastanie murawy przez drzewa i krzewy, nasadzenia œwierka.


TEXT:
Zarastanie przez krzewy i drzewa oraz zalesianie; niekontrolowane wypalanie i wypas.


TEXT:
Eksploatacja gipsu na wielk¹ skalê, szczególnie w okolicy Gacek.


TEXT:
Sukcesja naturalna - zarastanie muraw; negatywny wp³yw chemizacji rolnictwa, gdy¿ ostoja le¿y w bezpoœrednim s¹siedztwie pól uprawnych.


TEXT:
Dzikie wysypiska œmieci, eksploatacja wapienia.


TEXT:
melioracje osuszajace na terenie ostoi i w s¹siedztwie; wypalanie ³ak i trzcinowisk.


TEXT:
Disturbance of nesting birds by tourists and fishermen. S¹siedztwo kopalni Lubelskiego Zag³êbia Wêglowego - odwodnienie, melioracje przyœpieszaj¹ sukcesjê na torfowisku Ciesacin.


TEXT:
Habitats of birds are threatened by pollution. Potential threat is a plan of total channelization of the river.


TEXT:
Threats to the site include: draining executed around the Park, active coal-mine 4 km southwards of the Park, pollution of lakes and peat-bogs due to chemicals used in agriculture, mass tourism and recreation concentrated on some lakes.


TEXT:
There is a threat of drainage work; many peat-bogs have already been drained. Waters are threatened with eutrophication. The possible development of the Lublin Coal-Field (partly covering the site) is a great threat; The activity of LCF produces eg. the depression sink of undrground waters. Many lakes are used for recreation; in some places their "natural" recreational capacity is exceeded (even twice).


TEXT:
ujemny bilans wodny, migracja zanieczyszczeñ wodnych (g³ównie pochodzenia rolniczego) z otoczenia, degradacja torfowisk w wyniku wypalania, dzikie wysypiska, k³usownictwo, ¿ywicowanie i wycinanie drzew.:


TEXT:
Some parts are mown for hay, and the marshes are threatened by drainage; any change in water condition may affect the natural values of the site. Main threats to birds is burrning of reed and water deficits (particularly with years with low precipitation).


TEXT:
The reservoirs are used for fish farming whilst the surrounding areas (beyond the forest) are used mainly as arable and grazing land. There is some disturbance of the area by hunters and fishermen as well as felling of trees in neighbouring forests.


TEXT:
k³usownictwo, po³owy ryb, zamiana u¿ytków zielonych na pola uprawne, wycinanie drzew, wydobycie torfu i piasku;


TEXT:
Naruszenie równowagi hydrodynamicznej zwi¹zane m.in. z lejem sepresyjnym powsta³ym po odpompowaniu wody z wyrobiska cemenyowni w Che³mie oraz oczyszczanie rowów i torfianek z ramienic i innych roœlin wodnych; emisja zanieczyszczeñ z cementowni w Che³mie. A part of the area lies within a range of depression sink activity (result of pumping water from opencast working at cement plant in Che³m). Rushes burning off (affecting even to 40% of the area) threatens the proper functionning of marshes.


TEXT:
sukcesja (zarastanie muraw), nadmierna penetracja ludzka;


TEXT:
Greatest threat to birds is fish farming on pond complexes (removal of vegetation) and forest management (cutting of old stands) as well as drainage of forests.


TEXT:
The ponds are used for Cyprinus farming. Shooting and reed-cutting disturb birds in the breeding season.


TEXT:
Disturbances to the site due to forest labours.


TEXT:
Poza terenem rezerwatu stare drzewa s¹ zagro¿one wyrêbem.


TEXT:
It is a hunting ground. The threat of drainage and forest labours.


TEXT:
The site is threatened with destruction by planned unreasonable investments;


TEXT:
Po³ó¿one w zag³êbieniu jezioro zagro¿one jest eutrofizacj¹ na skutek sp³ywu nawozów z pól.


TEXT:
Nie obserwuje siê niekorzystnych zmian w œrodowisku, a mimo to liczebnoœæ kolonii drastycznie spada. W 1979 r. by³o tu 1200 osobników, a w 1985 tylko kilka.


TEXT:
zarastanie krzewami; sp³yw z pól (nawozy, œrodki ochrony roœlin)


TEXT:
nie uporz¹dkowana gospodarka wodno-œciekowa; "dzikie" wysypiska odpadów; emisja zanieczyszczeñ do powietrza atmosferycznego; odkrywkowa eksploatacja surowców mineralnych;


TEXT:
W s¹siedztwie górnictwo odkrywkowe powoduj¹ce zmianê stosunków wodnych; silne zanieczyszczenie powietrza; œcieki przynoszone przez Prószkówkê z mleczarni i rzeŸni. Populacja kotewki zagro¿ona eutrofizacj¹ (staw zarasta od brzegów), przyspieszan¹ sp³ywem nawozów mineralnych z pól i ³¹k. Zagra¿a jej tak¿e prowadzone przez PGR okresowe osuszanie stawu (je¿eli nastêpowa³oby przed dojrzeniem owoców kotewki).


TEXT:
Zagro¿enia stanowiska T. natans na stawie Utrata: Spuszczanie wody na zimê, zbiór masy roœlinnej ze stawu przed dojrzeniem owoców T. natans, okresowe nawo¿enie stawu powoduj¹ce zmiany pH.


TEXT:
Man's husbandry - control water flow for navigation and fish-farming.


TEXT:
Sta³e eliminowanie roœlinnoœci wodnej, które powoduje utrzymywanie siê kotewki tylko w zatokach.


TEXT:
Sukcesja (wystêpuje tu zespó³ zaroœli krzewiastych Ligustro-Prunetum, charakteryzuj¹cy siê du¿¹ ekspansj¹ i wypieraj¹cy najciekawsze gatunki roœlin), nap³yw antropofitów, py³y z kamienio³omów i wapiennika, zadrzewianie terenu s¹siaduj¹cego z rezerwatem


TEXT:
przemys³owe zanieczyszczenia powietrza (Huta "O³awa" i Huta "Siechnica"); zmiany stosunków wodnych (np. zagro¿enie dla rezerwatu "Leœna Woda" ze strony wielkiej kopalni piasku)


TEXT:
Jaskinia jest dostêpna i stosunkowo czêsto zwiedzana;


TEXT:
osuszenie terenu i zanieczyszczenie powietrza; kopalnie rud cynku i o³owiu usytuowane w niewielkiej odleg³oœci spowodowa³y powstanie rozleg³ego leja depresyjnego i zanik znacznej czêœci cieków; w pobli¿u kopalnie i huta cynku i o³owiu;


TEXT:
Okresowe wahania iloœci wyp³ywaj¹cej wody, osuszenie ze wzglêdu na istniej¹cy lej depresyjny w okolicy Olkusza.


TEXT:
wyrywanie i usuwanie roœlinnoœci wodnej ze stawu;


TEXT:
zaburzenia stosunków wodnych; opad py³u;


TEXT:
Bezpoœrednie s¹siedztwo wielkiej aglomeracji miejskiej.


TEXT:
Zarastanie muraw przez podrost Populus tremula; wykopywanie kêp sasanki; wydeptywanie; wysypywanie œmieci i gruzu.


TEXT:
Uci¹¿liwe s¹siedztwo Górnoslaskiego Okregu Przemys³owego; turystyka;


TEXT:
Drainage works and building operations destroyed the belt of old wet forest adjacent to the reservoir. A part of open marshes is also threatened with destruction.


TEXT:
Leje depresyjne po eksploatacji piasku przez kopalnie, zmiany stosunków hydrologicznych; emisje przemys³owe; turystyka. Ponad 50% mchów i w¹trobowców jest zagro¿onych wymarciem na Wy¿ynie Œl¹skiej.


TEXT:
antropopresja - dzia³alnoœæ górnicza (eksploatacja wêgla, rud cynkowo-o³owiowych, piasku podsadzkowego i ska³ wapiennych); turystyka, synantropizacja


TEXT:
Brak kanalizacji i oczyszczalni œcieków; zanieczyszczenie œrodowiska py³ami i gazami przemys³owymi; budownictwo letniskowe; turystyka; penetracja jaskiñ przez speleologów i wspinaczka ska³kowa; sp³yw œrodków ochrony roœlin i nawozów z pól; zarastanie muraw kserotermicznych drzewami i krzewami; obni¿enie poziomu wód gruntowych i powstawanie lejów depresyjnych; nieprawid³owa gospodarka leœna, prowadz¹ca do degradacji lasów.


TEXT:
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza; turystyka; synantropizacja szaty roslinnej (208 gatunków synantropijnych; wiêkszoœæ z nich pojawi³a siê na tym terenie jako skutek d³ugoletniej gospodarki cz³owieka, czêœæ to nowi przybysze).


TEXT:
Sukcesja (murawy zarastaj¹ krzewami i drzewami eliminuj¹c gatunki kserotermiczne). Nietoperzom zagra¿aj¹: penetracja jaskiñ, u¿ywanie œrodków do konserwacji drewna, niepokojenie w czasie hibernacji.


TEXT:
Jaskinia jest niezabezpieczona; zwiedzanie utrudnione - wymaga 11 m zjazdu na linie. Mimo tych trudnoœci jest penetrowana przez groto³azów-amatorów nielegalnie.


TEXT:
Jaskinia od kilku lat jest zamkniêta ¿elazn¹ krat¹. Przed jej skutecznym zabezpieczeniem by³a dostêpna i zniszczeniu uleg³a szata naciekowa; w XIX wieku eksploatowano w niej masowo guano nietoperzowe;


TEXT:
Jaskinia ³atwo dostêpna, czêsto penetrowana przez turystów.


TEXT:
Penetracja jaskini przez okolicznych mieszkañców.


TEXT:
Jaskinia by³a silnie penetrowana przez groto³azów-amatorów mimo zamkniêcia. Od 1992 roku jest udostêpniana do zwiedzania.


TEXT:
Grabienie œcio³y, zbieranie i sk³adowanie ga³êzi, ocienienie, emisje przemys³owa.


TEXT:
Naturalne ciœnienie górotworu powoduj¹ce obwa³y w kopalni; nadmierne zawilgocenie powietrza w systemie wentylacyjnym; wycieki wodne i procesy ³ugowania soli; katastrofalne zalewy.


TEXT:
osuszenie; budowa szosy i rozleg³e wyrêby;


TEXT:
Disturbance to the site from boating. Pollution.


TEXT:
zarastanie lustra wody i wyp³ycanie stawów; wycinanie i wypalanie krzewów; prace melioracyjne; polowania; zalesianie otwartych terenów.


TEXT:
Pozyskiwanie drewna, piasku, wysypywanie i wylewanie odpadów, chemizacja rolnictwa.


TEXT:
The area belongs to less threatened by human pressure.


TEXT:
Ocienianie przez rozrastaj¹cy siê drzewostan sosnowy, zainfekowanie grzybami, wykopywanie roœlin i ³amanie ga³êzi.


TEXT:
ewentualna regulacja Wiaru; eksploatacja kamieni i ¿wiru z dna Wiaru; zanieczyszczenie rzek i potoków z gospodarstw rolnych; dzika zabudowa; planowane wiercenia w poszukiwaniu ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego w rejonie Kwaszenina-KuŸmina; polowania; wycinanie najwartoœciowszych fragmentów lasów.


TEXT:
Nadmierna ekspolatacja ¿wiru z dna rzeki i wycinanie zaroœli wierzbowych zw³aszcza na terenie proponowanym do ochrony; zanieczyszczenia z gospodarstw rolnych.


TEXT:
The area is threatened by nearby gravel exploatation which will cause dramatic lowering of the water-table.


TEXT:
The ponds are used for Cyprinus farming; reed-cutting during the nesting season.


TEXT:
tereny silnie penetrowane przez ludzi; niszczenie gniazd;


TEXT:
nory s¹ czêsto niszczone (zatykanie otworów wlotowych lub dokopywanie sie do komory gniazdowej);


TEXT:
zmiany sukcesyjne; zbiór roœlin do zielników;


TEXT:
Mo¿liwoœæ penetracji sztolni przez turystów p³osz¹cych hibernuj¹ce nietoperze - ostatnio zamontowano w otworze wejœciowym kratê.


TEXT:
zanieczyszczenia powietrza; gradacje szkodliwych owadów


TEXT:
œrodki ochrony drewna; prace remontowe na strychach;


TEXT:
wypalanie trzcin; pog³êbianie i czyszczenie stawów na ca³ym terenie równoczeœnie, spuszczanie wody do dna; najpowa¿niejszym zagro¿eniem s¹ plany poprowadzenia odcinka autostrady Zgorzelec - Krzy¿owa przez teren ostoi.


TEXT:
silna presja turystyczna; wycinanie lasów;


TEXT:
nadmierny ruch turystyczny, ruchliwa szosa z Kudowy do Radkowa, kamienio³om ko³o Radkowa - przyczyniaj¹cy siê do wstrz¹sów w okolicy Szczeliñca


TEXT:
przebudowa stawów, niszczenie potencjalnych miejsc lêgowych przez wycinanie drzew, krzewów i trzcinowisk; niepokojenie ptakow w okresie lêgowym; rozmycie wyspy;


TEXT:
Reed-cutting during the breeding season may threaten nesting species; fish-eating birds are controlled; utrata siedlisk przez osuszanie lub zasypywanie;


TEXT:
silna presja turystyczna; imisje metali ciê¿kich;


TEXT:
imisje przemys³owe, nadmierny ruch turystyczny (rozdeptywanie i zaœmiecanie grzbietowych partii);


TEXT:
Utrzymywanie siê zanieczyszczeñ Wis³y, dzikie wysypiska œmieci, polowania p³osz¹ce ptaki.;


TEXT:
U¿ytkowanie i prace pielêgnacyjne na synantropijnych, zadrzewionych terenach zielonych oraz prowadzenie remontów i konserwacji wie¿y koœcielnej w czasie i w sposób zagra¿aj¹cy stanowiskom zwierz¹t.


TEXT:
zniszczenie grobli, melioracje potoku, powrót do hodowoli pstr¹ga;


TEXT:
Stosowanie ciezkiego sprzêtu rolniczego; wypalanie traw; chemiczna ochrona upraw przed szkodnikami


TEXT:
U¿ytkowanie i prace pielêgnacyjne na synantropijnych terenach zielonych. Zupe³ne wyciêcie czêœci drzew na bulwarach mo¿e przyczyniæ siê do opuszczenia stanowiska przez dziêcio³a.


TEXT:
presja turystyczna i narciarska; niew³aœciwa gospodarka leœna;


TEXT:
Nap³yw zanieczyszczeñ z zag³êbia Ostrawskiego (Czechy); lokalizacja produkcji uci¹¿liwej dla œrodowiska; zwiêkszenie wydobycia t³ucznia; zbyt intensywne u¿ytkowanie turystyczne.


TEXT:
Penetracja jaskini przez ludzi, nawet jej najg³êbiej po³o¿onych czêœci, palenie ognisk w komorze wstêpnej i w czêœci przyotworowej;


TEXT:
eksploatacja ¿wiru, drewna i faszyny; nadmierna penetracja przez turystów i wêdkarzy;


TEXT:
Œcieki i œmieci z gospodarstw; regulacja koryt;


TEXT:
S¹siedztwo Zbiornika Czorsztyñskiego mo¿e spowodowaæ tragiczne w skutkach zmiany klimatyczne; ruch turystyczny; synanatropizacja;


TEXT:
Zanieczyszczenie wód (œcieki z gospodarstw); presja turystyczna.


TEXT:
wzgórze bêdzie czêœciowo zalane po wype³nieniu zbiornika;


TEXT:
Zwiêkszony ruch turystyczny i synantropizacja terenów bezpoœrednio s¹siadujacych z ostoj¹.


TEXT:
wypas w lasach, grabienie œció³ki, wyr¹b;


TEXT:
threat of water pollution (domestic sewages).


TEXT:
konkurencja ze strony innych gatunków; zmniejsza siê powierzchnia m³aki i obszar zajmowany przez Primula farinosa; rozwój pasozytniczego grzyba Urocystis primulicola, który nie dopuszcza do wytworzenia nasion.


TEXT:
P³oszenie zimuj¹cych nietoperzy przez turystów;


TEXT:
Rozbudowa wyci¹gów narciarskich i tras zjazdowych;


TEXT:
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza; eksploatacja lasów; wysypiska œmieci; "klêski owadzie" - w ostatnich dekadach zaznaczy³ siê nie obserwowany wczeœniej spadek ¿ywotnoœci drzew; w wielu miejscach wyst¹pi³o gwa³towne obumieranie jod³y i œwierka; równoczeœnie masowo pojawi³y siê szkodniki owadzie, zw³aszcza kornik i b³onkówka - zasnuja wysokogórska (Cephalcia falleni), atakuj¹ce os³abione drzewa; larwy tej ostatniej (gradacja w latach 1978-1982) spowodowa³y powstanie ok. 1000 ha go³o¿erów, g³ównie w borach œwierkowych (Piceetum tatricum), w rejonie Turbacz-Mostownica i na SW zboczu Kud³onia; drog¹ naturalnej sukcesji rozwijaj¹ siê w tych miejscach p³aty Sorbus aucuparia;


TEXT:
Atmospheric pollution originating in Slovakia is a problem; tourism development is a potential threat. Unreasonable forest cutting and extermination of old stands.


TEXT:
Doœæ silnie odwodnione, zarasta œwierkiem.


TEXT:
Wyp³ycanie jeziorek na skutek zamulania materia³em nanoszonym przez potok.


TEXT:
Zaburzenie stosunków wodnych w wyniku melioracji.


TEXT:
Zanieczyszczenie wód Wis³oki przez Zak³. rolno-Przem.; sp³yw nawozów sztucznych; wyrêb dzrew.


TEXT:
Main problem is the more intensive and extensive forest managment activity on the area and the effects of the over-populated games, than the increasing degradation effects of the green tourism.


TEXT:
The habitats and the wild life are extremely depend on the water supply of the area, which was cut down by far recently. Introduced tree plantations decrease the habitat diversity.:


TEXT:
Site seriously threatened by sever water-table decrease due to the constrution of the Bôs-Gabcikovo Electric Power Station. The related water management constructions also affect the area.


TEXT:
Water level decreasing due to the Gabcikovo dam constructions. As a consequence the succession will speed up and turn it into willow-poplar forest habitat.:


TEXT:
Intensive forest managment, replacement of the natural trees to introduced ones:


TEXT:
Moderately sensitive. Eutrophication of the water (due to the lack of sewers), tourism, drying out, fishing. Circumstances are getting better since the establishment of the National Park.:


TEXT:
Mainly the humid grassland is in danger in consequences of the effects of nearby gardening, tourism, flower picking, improper forest and wildlife management.:


TEXT:
Highly vulnerable in consequences of drying out and underground peat-burning.:


TEXT:
more intensive green tourism, riding, and illegal entry by cars:


TEXT:
Natural reforestation forcing back the steppic grassland. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) invade the ancient communities.:


TEXT:
Intensifying of the forest managment activity, increasing of the area of fir monocultures (plantage), more intensive green tourism, privatization of small parcels in the foothills.:


TEXT:
Land use change in consequences of the privatization and divide into private parcels, chemical and fertilizer contamination effects coming from the neighborhood arable lands, trampling disturbance of the habitats and weedy species invasion.:


TEXT:
The grazing, trampling effects of the games may be a problem in the case of becoming the games overpopulated. Degradation effects of increasing tourism traffic.:


TEXT:
Abandon of traditional landuse practice, decline of the old chestnut trees, natural reforestration of open grasslands, as a result of the abandone of mowing.:


TEXT:
Change the traditional way of forest management to intensive ones.:


TEXT:
Water and soil pollution. Use of chemicals. Turn traditional land use, agriculture into intensive one or other (for example golf-course). Spread of a ruderal introduced plant, Solidago canadensis.:


TEXT:
Potentionally endangered by mining activity, forestry and tourism.:


TEXT:
Bauxite mining needs lowering water-table, which makes drastical changes in water budget of some habitats. There is a considerable polution effect of the neraby industry.:


TEXT:
Forestation by introduced tree species.:


TEXT:
The wilderness area was protected till the last years by the army. In the new situation - after the departure of the army - a greater loading by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages is possible.:


TEXT:
Most of the habitat is highly dependent on soil water table, which was lowered in a great extent in consequences of the bauxit mining. Secondly, in spite of protection large clear-cuttings are still carried out. For example, an excellent stand of oak wood was cut down this summer (1995).:


TEXT:
The bauxit mining threatens some parts of the area with destroying habitats, otherwise this activity causes dramatic falling of soilwater table.:


TEXT:
The introduced black pine forest degrade the xerotherm habitats. The more intensive green-tourism has considerable backdraws. The most threatening process is the decreasing of the level of the karstic water, in consequences the springs and the creek are drying out.:


TEXT:
Some parts are moderately vulnerable because of the intensive tourism and the indirect effect of the increasing traffic, while other parts affected by spread of introduced trees.:


TEXT:
The habitat conditions are extremely depend on water supply, the area is highly sensitive to eutrophication and immigration of ruderals in the lack of water.:


TEXT:
The bogs of the Fekete-hill are highly sensitive to drying out, burning, eutrophication. The rest is moderately sensitive.:


TEXT:
Moderate, the proportion of pine plantations is too high. Moderately/hardly studied.:


TEXT:
The habitats of the territory is not very sensitive, otherwise intensive tourism can degradate the area.:


TEXT:
The territory is not very sensitive, but it can't tolerate the effects of the large pine plantations. A part of the territory is privatised and there are inproper plans for touristic usage.:


TEXT:
Main problem is the lack of the vegetation cover and the shallow water, which is highly eutroph. As a consequence, the water become hot in the summer, the algal production is very high (algla bloom), which causes anaerobe conditions. The system is directly affected by the water quality of the River Zala.:


TEXT:
Inadequate management due to rivalisation of the respondent agencies: Water Authority and Nature Conservation Authority.:


TEXT:
Long-term hydro-geological problems can be emerged, in the case of the over-exploitation of the water resources of the region. Unfavourable effects on the water quality of the increasing turism (bath and beach). Dredging in the lake bed can threaten the Schoenoplectus population.:


TEXT:
The wet habitats are hihgly endangered in consequences of the drainage of the area, but the local nature conservation authorities started some rehabilitation of wetlands in the last year. Pine tree plantations made by forestry can endangere special plant communities, while increasing traffic and transport, tourism and leasure activity may affect the site unfavourably.:


TEXT:
Forestry, intensive hunting, tourism and leisure can cause problems.:


TEXT:
Clear-cuttings, land-slides, spread of locust tree.:


TEXT:
The over-strain and concrete-covering of the littorale zone, the degradation and destruction of the reed beds, the increasing eutrophization of the bays.:


TEXT:
There are intensive forestry, hunting, fishing activity can degrade the habitats, while drainage can cause drying out of the area.:


TEXT:
Forestry, fishing, hunting, boating, drainage, gravel quarries.:


TEXT:
The wildlife of ponds is threatened by fishing, the area of wet habitats decrease continually and these are threatened by peat quarries too.:


TEXT:
Intensive forestry and introduction of exotic trees can cause conservation problems.:


TEXT:
Intensive forest management activity, hunting, uncontrolled tourism and leisure, fishing, drainage.:


TEXT:
Intensive forestry, introduced tree plantations can disturbe the wild life of the area and more intensive hunting.:


TEXT:
Clear cuttings, mining of coal, stone and uranium ore, buildings, tourism.:


TEXT:
More intensive forestry, overpopulated games and intensive hunting/shooting, insufficiantly controlled intensive green tourism, quarrying.:


TEXT:
Intensive tourism and forestry activity.:


TEXT:
Intensive tourism, very close to Pécs, intensive land use. Nearby the site, there is an open coal-mine, the water-level lowering decrease the amount of the water in the streams.:


TEXT:
Quarrying of the hill, forestry in the northern slope, tourism on the ridge and southern slope, glidering from the top (trampling of the rocky grasslands), invasion of introduced species from the hillfoots.:


TEXT:
Most important threatening agent is drainage of water, because all habitats are water-dependent. Other danger: intensive agriculture (melon growing) on bordering fields (chemicals, litter).:


TEXT:
Forestry, shooting, ploughing of meadows, decresa of underground water-level, use of herbicides, use of chemical fertilizers.:


TEXT:
Forestry, fishing, schooting, boating, tourism:


TEXT:
Tourism, invasion of the introduced Syringa vulgaris and Pinus nigra, small isolated populations, surrounded by urban areas. Air pollution, noise.


TEXT:
Harbour building, riverbed dredge and vaste deposit or cutting of the forests can destroy the character of the site.:


TEXT:
Threatened by the decreasing water-level, which is caused by the water control management of the region in the last decades. It makes the bogs and marshes to dry. Regular use of fertilizers can eutrophize the waterbodies and mires.:


TEXT:
Need of further and more strict, more severe protection from human impact as grazing, illegal hunting, tourism.


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The general hydrological changes (slow decreasing of the water table all over the Kiskunsag area) can makes the area more dry, which can cause the extinction of some species and wet habitat.:


TEXT:
Surrounded by weekend house belt and highly affected by increasing green tourism, regular trampling, occasionally forest fires and other disturbances. Surrounded by forests composed by introduced trees (Robinia, Pinus) penetrating deep into the natural forest.:


TEXT:
Favorite site for tracking (hiking) activites, and there are around the site orchards and vineyards.


TEXT:
Tracking, hiking activities and forest management with introduced black pine plantation. Illegal waste deposition.


TEXT:
Trampling, overcrowded tourism, gartage deposition, parcelling may damage the habitats of the site.:


TEXT:
Intensive land use, very close to Budapest, intensive tourism, illegal waste deposition.


TEXT:
Landuse change, for example replacing forests by croplands; overcrowded game stock.:


TEXT:
Intensive agriculture in the adjacent area, overgrazing and trampling of the pastures and parcelling can deteriorate the area.:


TEXT:
Rocky grasslands and xerotherm oakwoods on edges and southern slopes are highly vulnerable against overpopulated mufflons (trampling, grazing, soil erosion). Dense forest road-system promote uncontrolled tourist traffic (mountain bikes, motorcycle, sport cars).:


TEXT:
Forestry, spread of gardens, because it is closely surrounded by built-up area. Uncontrolled tourism and trampling; the territory is often burns.:


TEXT:
Rocky habitats are threatened by the overpopulation of the naturalised mouflon. A smaller threatening factors are tourism and skiing especially in the vicinity of tourist centres and ski-runs.:


TEXT:
There are a large limestone mine, which spreads gradually. The clear cuttings of the forests tend to be larger in size, which is unfavourable.:


TEXT:
The introduced scotch pine seedlings invade some parts of the marsh meadow. Illegal mankind activities as shoot of debris and rubbish, peat and sand mining, motocross training can cause degradation of the area, while lowering of soil water table dry out the most interesting wet habitats.:


TEXT:
Highly vulnerable. Considerable part of the territory has been ploughed. The rest (120 ha) is protected. Buildings, in progress nearby, are potential threats.:


TEXT:
Moderately/highly vulnerable, threatened by grazing, eutrophication and, as a consequence, immigration of ruderals.:


TEXT:
Moderately vulnerable, overpopulated wildlife and exploitative forest management can deteriorate the habitats.:


TEXT:
Highly vulnerable. It is threatened by forestry and accidental burning. One part of the stand has already burnt down during a fire spreading from the gardens lying nearby.:


TEXT:
Several threatening factors - Nador canal, nearby industry and mining, improper way and level of cultivation (eg. grass was often mown during nesting time).:


TEXT:
Intensive forestry, overpopulated games on the South-faced slopes and outcrop rock and bauxit mining activity:


TEXT:
Moderately vulnerable. Intensive tourism, building up, spread of gardens.:


TEXT:
Wood-felling, lack of renewing, mining (farther) leading to decrease in water-table, which is unfavourable for surviving of the beech forest.:


TEXT:
The rock grasslands are sensitive against wood-felling, improper wildlife management, trampling of overpopulated games, esp. the introduced mouflon.:


TEXT:
The improper wildlife management (overpopulated games) has a lot of drowbacks on the habitats.:


TEXT:
Changing of water quality and supply can be disadvantageous.:


TEXT:
Decrease water level. Illegal fishing and boating. Eutrophication of the water.


TEXT:
Privately owned, danger of afforestation and grazing.:


TEXT:
It can be threatened by changing the dominant oak trees by locust. Privatisation of the forests can be disadvantageous, because the area is not protected.:


TEXT:
The site is highly vulnerable against drainage, liquid manure deposition coming from nearby farms and indirect effects of agriculture in the neighbourhoods.:


TEXT:
River control, drainage of the wetlands, ploughing the meadows:


TEXT:
Landuse change, more intensive activity of forestry and man induced soil erosion.:


TEXT:
The area is small, but other threats are negligible.:


TEXT:
The overconsumption of the karstic water reservoires dry out the springs and creeks. Overpopulated mouflon threatens the rock grassland communities. Limestone mining annihilates some habitats. Improper forest management, like large extent clear-cutting and introduced tree plantations has many drawbacks.:


TEXT:
The considerable tourism and lack of sewers in some tourist centre (Bankut) leading to pollution of nearby habitats locally. The improper forest management (large clear-cuttings, introduced trees) can cause problems. There are a considerable horse population kept on the plateau, which overboad locally some parts of the site. It is necessary to keep the balance.:


TEXT:
The main problem is, that the area is much more smaller than earlier was. Some rare plants can extinct because of it and they are more threatened by overpopulated games.:


TEXT:
Overcrowded game stock, tourism, forestry (introduced trees).:


TEXT:
Overtrampling, erosion and growing game stock can be occure. There are important road and railway line in the valley.:


TEXT:
Intensive forest management, large clear-cuttings, introduced tree plantages, increasing tourism and leisure.:


TEXT:
Increased activity of forestry, introduced tree species (Robinia, Pinus, Picea), tree (oak) decay, intensified green tourism:


TEXT:
Increasing public interest and trampling comes from the surrounding week-ends area.:


TEXT:
Moderately vulnerable; the clearings convert into forest illegal wood-felling.:


TEXT:
The site is not threatened, only some parts is disturbed by stone mining, tourism or forestry and high wild boar density.:


TEXT:
The main branch of the Baradla is a showcave, with many touring ways. The other branches and the Beke cave is favourite caving object, but the visiting is regulated.:


TEXT:
The site is not threatened nowadays, because it is strictly protected. Earlier it was grazed by sheep and there were some disturbance caused by forestry.:


TEXT:
All of the habitats (caves too) are threatened by the stone mining. One of the endemic plant species (Dianthus plumarius ssp. praecox) extinct from the hill because of it. Other problem is caused by the forestry, which introduced black pine and Ailanthus. These pioneer species produce a large number of seedlings, which are spread in the original habitats.:


TEXT:
Traditional meadowcutting is necessary to maintain the diverse meadows. Drainage threatens all types of wet habitats.


TEXT:
The protection helps to preserve the intactness of vegetation and landscape to a great extent. The poor road system in the region is advantageous in this respect. The rocky habitats are endangered by the high density of the games (especially mouflon). Aridity - lasting for several decades - poses an additional major threat on natural ecosystems through destroying wet habitats (springs, streams, mires and swamps).:


TEXT:
There is nearby a tourist centre, which increase the disturbance of the area. Some overpopulated wild animals (esp. mouflon) cause considerable degradation of some habitats.:


TEXT:
Due to the steep rock walls, its is hard to approach, otherwise the only threatening factor is tourism.:


TEXT:
Improper wildlife management (overpopulation). Illegal hunting. In the lack of scything forest would grow up at the Bohó-meadows. A considerable part of the Bohó-meadows burnt down a few years ago.:


TEXT:
The valleys are threatened mainly by uncontrolled tourism. The vegetation of the forests and the rocks are threatened by the overpopulated mouflon.:


TEXT:
The most threatening factors are drainage, fire, drought, because the habitats and the species extremely depend on the water supply. Afforestation of the surrounding has strong effects. First of all the microclimate will be drier, while floods can occure in the case of large amount of precipitation. Conservational activity in progress (plantation protecting forest zone, cutting of reed and trees).:


TEXT:
It is moderately vulnerable. The protection seems to be enough to avoid further deterioration.:


TEXT:
Intensive chemical usage on the nearby arable lands, abandone of the traditional slight grazing by sheeps, change to cows.:


TEXT:
The earlier constructed drain-chanel network is disadvantageous. The drastic decreasing and composition changes of the grazing livestocks on the puszta, unfavourable livestock management practice. The uncontrolled hunting and shooting on the unprotected fish-ponds insulated into the site cause meny problems.:


TEXT:
Sometimes, rapid changes in the water-level of the ponds unfavourable considering nesting, or sleeping places for bird populations.:


TEXT:
Wheel-ways in the soil after reed-cutting are unfavourable. Almost half of the site is a military shooting area, in consequences of the shooting, parts of the area burn regularly. Sometimes, considerably more grazing would be appropriate.:


TEXT:
Natural forest regeneration endangered in consequences of the soil water table sinking.


TEXT:
Traffic on wet soils, because of deep wheelways. Unfavorable grazing and trampling regime, occasional burning.:


TEXT:
Inappropriate use by overgrazing, trampling, burning and deep wheelways in wet conditions.:


TEXT:
Uncontrolled green-tourism nearby the site. Occasional pollution coming down the Eger-creek.:


TEXT:
Mass tourism nearby, inappropriate pasturing, fishing at the riverside of Hortobágy, occasional pollution coming down on the river.:


TEXT:
Water-table lowering, long dry periods, occasional burning. Inappropriate pasturing can cause erosion, degradation, and can get weedy.:


TEXT:
The military is reluctant to admit the necessity of protection. Certain areas are let on hire, other ones are still affected by military activity.:


TEXT:
Unrestricted traffic by cars on the ranges.:


TEXT:
The moor is threatened by the sewage water comes from the nearby stock-farm, while the vegetation of the slopes is highly effected by chemicals comes from the cultivated lands of the plateau.:


TEXT:
Privatization followed by illegal deforestation; ballast-digging.:


TEXT:
Chemicals from the surrounding field, drying out.:


TEXT:
Melioration in the vicinity, use of fertilizers, overgrazing and trampling.:


TEXT:
Inadequate water management practice. Regular mowing on the meadows is important factor.


TEXT:
Drought. Human activity (agriculture, manuring, chemicals, fire). Highly vulnerable.:


TEXT:
Improper forest management ignoring the conservational rules. High water-table is necessary for the existing of the forests.:


TEXT:
Week regeneration capability of the oak trees, in consequences of drying out of the region.:


TEXT:
It is threatened by a highway crossing the stand (litter, ruderals). There are no plan to utilize until 2000, but then will be prepared a new forest management plan. Regional soil water table depletion can threaten the natural reforestation. Otherway the overpopulation of certain wild animals can be unfavourable.:


TEXT:
Spreading of adventive invador plants (Amorpha fruticosa, Rudbeckia sp. etc) and ruderals, fishing in the lakes, improper way of grazing, riverbank trampling by tourists and anglers.:


TEXT:
Lowering of water-table in the Kiskunság region makes wet habitats to dry:


TEXT:
Forestry. Old forest ready to be cut. Nature Conservation seems to be succeding in conserving the forest in its present state.:


TEXT:
Landuse change and abandonment create unwanted succession. The meadows need regular mowing, in the woods forestry should be abandoned.:


TEXT:
Low soil water table, agricultural use of embedded fields. The dry habitats are not endangered.:


TEXT:
Regional water-level sinking, occasional burning of the area, illegal juniper-fruit gathering.:


TEXT:
The regional lowering of the soil water table threatens the existing habitats which are already changing to less and less valuable secondary habitats. The drier sand grasslands are regenerating from grazing in the past:


TEXT:
Water deficit. In the later years Nature Conservation has more and more right in controlling the sluices.:


TEXT:
Water deficit. Danger of long term dry-out. Restoration works (external water supply) under preparation.:


TEXT:
Larger poplar plantations, fishing, uncontrolled tourism.:


TEXT:
The habitats are maintaned by great abiotic and biotic stresses. Any change (more drought, over or under grazing) will alter the present situation.


TEXT:
Water deficit will change zonation and habitat quality. Landuse type (mowing) has to be maintained.:


TEXT:
Water deficit. The great bustard population is endangered by mowing and agricultural activities, but a Bustard Station is working on minimizing the effect.:


TEXT:
Because of climatic drought and lowered soil water table the lake dries out earlier in the summer, which is critical for algal vegetation and the autumn migration.


TEXT:
Dependent of the pollution of the Danube; important processes of erosion at the sea side; it is important to eliminate the use of fertilisers and pesticides inside of the Delta


TEXT:
Precarious ecological equilibrium; strongly threatened because the incompetent introduction of some exotic submerged plant species (Cabomba caroliniana, Myriophyllum brasiliense, Ambulia heterophylla, Nelumbium nucifera) as well as the diminution of the flow of the thermal springs, urbanisation and touristic aggresion


TEXT:
Intensive fish-farming with no hunting; minimal human disturbance


TEXT:
Exists the danger to destroy the site as consequence of grazing or changements in land use: needs some practical measures of protection


TEXT:
The population decreases as a consequence of a drastic reduction of the amount of water (effect of the construction of dam lakes) which determined the augmentation of the water pollution, both natural and by waste of a sanitarium and as effect of the stone exploitation in the bed of the river


TEXT:
Good conditiion of conservation; ocasionally, grazing without important effects on the structure of biocenoses


TEXT:
Exposed to the damages caused by the circulation of peoples and animals; needs soma practical measures of protection


TEXT:
Harvesting of fruits for to be processed but without danger for the population of Hippophae


TEXT:
The population is threatened by the actual (bad) quality of waters of the Danube


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permittedin the area.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Recreation activities disturb birds and cause trampling erosion.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
A part of the mires have been ditched. In the surrounding area there has been extensive fellings. Trails have been constructed tochannel hikers away from the most sensitive areas. Hunting of wol f and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
A reindeer mangement area. Hunting og wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Includes several sand and gravel pits and some felling areas.


TEXT:
Includes lots of sand and gravel pits and roads. A popular hiking area and wiew point.


TEXT:
The lichen-covered heath slopes are highly susceptible to erosion. An aviation college is situated in the area and has caused eros ion. Also part of the area is used as a military exercise area of the defensive forces. There are also rather large felling areas.


TEXT:
In the area there are many sand and gravel pits, a exercise area of the defensive forces, clearfelling and seedling areas.


TEXT:
Intensive recreation use, many gravel pits.


TEXT:
Includes small sand and gravel pits, extensive clearfelling and seedling areas, roads and summer cottages.


TEXT:
Includes wide clearfelling and seedling areas, forest roads and other roads, gravel pits and a sports ground. Near the area are si tuated an airport and an extensive sand and gravel extraction are a.


TEXT:
The area has remained in a quite natural state. There are only few forest roads.


TEXT:
The area is susceptible to erosion. Inluces small sand and gravel pits.


TEXT:
Includes clear fellings and forest roads. In the valleys there are pastures.


TEXT:
A camping, skiing and recreation centre is situated in the area and large parts of the dunes have been eroded. Hunting of wolf ispermitted in the area.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Includes small forest fellings, seedlings, hiking trails and the vegetation has been eroded by reindee r trampling.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. The trampling has caused local erosion. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
The mire areas are important nesting areas and resting sites for birds during the migration. The bird fauna is very abundant and the lake is also an important foraging area.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained before the national park was founded.


TEXT:
Because of the easily erodable shores only few islands are suitable for recreational use.


TEXT:
Hunting of bear is permitted in the area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
Hunting of wolf is permitted in the area. Includes forest ditchings.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf is permitted in the area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
In need of spruce and aspen seedlings uproating and grazing. There are also felling areas with logging waste.


TEXT:
In need of spruce and aspen uprooting and grazing.


TEXT:
The area has been subjected to extensive clearfellings and a new forest road.


TEXT:
There are intensive fellings and forest ditchings. Also spruce encroachment threatens the vegetation.


TEXT:
In need of spruce uprooting. Near the area is a clear felling area and an electric power line crosses the area.


TEXT:
There are some fellings and recreation use, trails and camp fire places. In need of spruce uproating.


TEXT:
Small fields with ditches, sheep, horses and cows. To the west of the area there are some extensive clear fellings. The forest isin need of spruce uprooting.


TEXT:
The vegetation has been damaged and the landcover eroded because of recreation and the area has been littered in some places.


TEXT:
Ditchings and a forest road near the area.


TEXT:
Some felling areas and dicthed swampy areas. A reindeer management area.


TEXT:
There are lots of fellings and some ploughed areas.


TEXT:
There are fellings, ditches and forest roads.


TEXT:
There some old fellings and ditching areas and forest roads. Nowadays artificial drainage is forbidden in the area.


TEXT:
Includes forest ditchings. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
The artificial lowering of the water level in the 1930s and discharge of effluent waters from the town Karjaa up til 1970 have cau sed the euthrophication of the lake Lapptrasket and the overgrowi ng of vegetation. Additional nutrients are leached to the lakefr om surrounding clayfields. A highway crossing with the lake has i ncreased disturbance.


TEXT:
The slow expansion of reedbeds diminishes the area of open water space suitable for waterfowl. The effluent waters of the Porvoo town were discharged into the nature protection area without purif ication in the 1970s. This has strongly influenced the species co mposition of the flora and bird fauna. Because of purificationme asures the water quality is improving.


TEXT:
There are lots of summer cottages on the eastern shore of the bay.


TEXT:
The euthrophication caused by effluent waters threatens the flora of the bay.


TEXT:
Togerher the diminishing grazing of shore meadows is causing increase of bushes and drying caused by ditching lowers the changes f or nesting waders. Possible threats are the increasing buildingo f shores and drying and clearing activities in the meadows.


TEXT:
For drying the surrounding areas a project has been initiated in 1989 in which part of the waters discharging into the lake will be chanelled to bypass it. At the same time the water level of Kos keljarvi is highered by about 30 cm. Possible threats are the cha nges in the quality of the water caused by the drainage project.


TEXT:
Hunting is popular in the area. There are also summer cottages.


TEXT:
The lake has eutrophified considerably during the last decades. Without management measures the overgrowing of the lake will accel erate.


TEXT:
The shores are fully constructed. Boating disturbs the nesting bird fauna.


TEXT:
The overgrowing of meadows has accelerated as grazing of the meadows has decreased. Possible threats are plans to dry and bank the meadows and the increasing of bushes.


TEXT:
High level of tourism cause disturbance, as do visiting ornithologists deviating from marked paths.


TEXT:
Drying up of Kirkontura has been facilitated by ditching the area. Possible threats are building of the shores, increasing recreat ional use and hunting in the autumn. Disturbance caused by bird-w atchers has diminished since an observation tower has been constr ucted.


TEXT:
A considerable part of the bay has been banked up for cultivation. The banking has caused acidification of the water.


TEXT:
There is an increasing summer cottage dwelling.


TEXT:
A peaceful lake area with unconstructed shores.


TEXT:
Formerly the effluent waters of the city of Lahti were discharged into Vesijärvi and the lake is strongly euthrophied. The quality of the water has improved in the 1980s but still contais lot of nutrients. Possible threats are increasing recreational use andb uilding of summer cottages on the shores.


TEXT:
The effluent waters of the municipality of Kangasala were discharged into Kirkkojarvi until 1980. Kylajarvi and its draining river waters are strongly eutrophied because of nutrients deriving fro m fields. The dredging of the outlet of Kirkkojarvi in the beginn ing of the 1970s caused the water level of Taivallampi to drop 70 cm and subsequent overgrowing. Building of shores and disturbanc e caused by the nearby highway disturb the bird fauna.


TEXT:
Nutrients leaching from the neighbouring fields have eutrophied the lake.


TEXT:
Nutrients leaching from neighbouring fields have eutrophied the lake.


TEXT:
In recent years the dredging of nearby rapids and the land upheaval have caused the final overgrowing of the lake. The number of o pen water species is diminishing and the number of reed speciesg rowing.


TEXT:
Siikalahti has been rapidly overgrown during the last decades. The effluent waters and nutrients from agriculture draining conduct ed to the bay are diminishing open spaces of water. The growingo ver and the eutrophication are harmful to many wetland species. A s a consequence of less grazing along the shores the surroundings will slowly become unfavourable for wetland species.


TEXT:
The bay is traversed by an actively used shipping route.


TEXT:
The water level of the lakes has been lowered a few decades ago.


TEXT:
The building of shores has accelerated in Lupinlahti.


TEXT:
The river estuary is continuously changing. In the mouth of the estuary the annual sedimentation rate is about 3 cm and the land u pheaval about 7 mm annually. Because of these factors the deltam oves ahead 30 m annually towards the sea. The succession of the v egetation is rapid. Possible threats are plans to dry, clear and ditch meadows and overgrowth, the clearing and banking projects c onnected to flood control and thebuilding of summer cottagesalon g the margins of the estuary. There is also a plan to build a new road across the estuary.


TEXT:
The lake area is wilderness-like. Most of the mires have been ditched and emptied to the lake. The water level of the lake has bee n lowered during the 1960s.


TEXT:
An electric power line crosses the area.


TEXT:
The effluent waters from the nearby town and runoff waters from nearby mire areas have lowered the water quality of the lake.


TEXT:
The water level of Kiesjarvi has been sligthly lowered in 1960. A small bank has been constructed on the west end ofJouhtenuslampi .


TEXT:
The overgrowing of the outlet of Patalahti is causing a slight highering in the water level. The nutrient flowing from fields is s lowly eutrophying the lakes.


TEXT:
Lots of recreation activities. Effluent waters of the nearby hospital were discharged into the lake until 1975.


TEXT:
A road crosses the northern part of Mula.


TEXT:
On the shores there are several summer cottages and an recreation centre.


TEXT:
Possible threats are plans to dredge the discharge ditch of Harkmerifjarden and the increase of summer cottage dwelling.


TEXT:
Lots of summer cottages on shores and on islands. The mires beyond the meadows have been artificially drained.


TEXT:
Effluent waters from the nearby town eutrophy the water. The shores are unconstructed. The river has been cleaned out in early 197 0s.


TEXT:
The eastern part of Vassofjarden is extensively constructed, and across the site as a whole several hundred hectares have been lost to embarkment construction and land reclamation. Fishermen have cut some of the reed areas and there are plans for sewage pipes to be placed on the south side of Vassofjarden.


TEXT:
Part of the shores has been constructed.


TEXT:
The drainage around the lakes influence the quality of the water bringing the humuscontent upwards. Possible threats are water regulation plans, increasing summer cottage dwelling and disturbance caused by recreation and hunting.


TEXT:
The bay has been eutrophied because of the small drainage area and slow turnover of the water.


TEXT:
The land rise is fast in the area. Nutrients washed out of the fields have contributed to euthrophication of the inner bay. Grazin g and hay-making on the shore meadows have lessened so that bush vegetation is beginnning to take over. Possible threats are recre ational housing in the form of summer cottages, fishing lodgesan d hunting cabins and the road built to these split the meadows; d itching has drained several small ponds favoured by birds.


TEXT:
The effluent waters of the nearby town are discharged into the lake and the shores have been filled in many places.


TEXT:
The shores are unconstructed, forested and very peaceful.


TEXT:
The bay is extensively fished, and the whole area is a popular resort for tourists and day-trippers. Plans to dredge the river-mou th could threaten the important sandbar habitats.


TEXT:
Effluent waters of the nearby town and water level regulation of the lake have reduced the value of the bay.


TEXT:
Lots of recreation use. The eastern shore has been constructed. The area belongs to a reindeer management area.


TEXT:
The area is a popular hunting place. There are lots of summer cottages.


TEXT:
The meadows were formerly well grazed but this practice has steadily declined so that some areas are becoming overgrown.


TEXT:
The summer cottage dwelling threatens the shores and recreational use and boating cause erosion and disturbance to nesting birds.Main shipping routes cross the area and cause a constant threat o f oil tanker accidents.


TEXT:
Sewage and industrial effluent waters from nearby towns affect the water quality. The oxygen content has declined and th waters ha ve been eutrophicated in some places. Increasing summer cottaged welling. Increasing boating disturb birds.


TEXT:
Forest ditchings and cleaning out brooklets increase the humus content. The small lakes are extremely vulnerable to acid rain.


TEXT:
Strong pressure of increasing summer cottage dwelling. The boating and other leisure activities cause erosion and disturbance. Animportant shipping route waterway crosses the area and waves of b ig ships impact the shores of narrow straits.


TEXT:
Possible threats are increasing summer cottage dwelling, ditching of forests and cleaning out of brooklets. The shipping routes pr event the natural development of fladas and glo-lakes.


TEXT:
The non-point pollution from forestry and agriculture threatens the flora and fauna of the lake.


TEXT:
The water level has been regulated since 1964. The lake water is used as crude water for the capital of Helsinki.


TEXT:
The most severe threat is the decline of the water quality by fish hatchery, effluent waters, and non-point pollution from peat mi ning, agriculture and forestry. The summer cottage dwelling threa tens the unconstructed shores. Hunting of wolf and bear is permit ted in the area.


TEXT:
The increasing summer cottage dwelling is the main threat to the lake. Also effluent waters of towns and scattered houses affect the water quality locally.


TEXT:
Summer cottage dwelling threatens the bare rocks and shores.


TEXT:
Increasing summer cottage dwelling is a possible threat.


TEXT:
Construction of summer cottages threatens the flora and fauna on privately owned shores. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
There are dense summer cottage clusters on the privately owned shores. Also non-point pollution from forestry may threaten the nut rient balance of the lakes.


TEXT:
Increasing humus and nutrient content because of effluent waters and non-point pollution from forest ditching and peat mining. Increasing summer cottage dwelling is a possible threat.


TEXT:
Effluent waters of the nearby town and industrial plants affect the water quality. Increasing summer cottage dwelling threatens bo th flora and fauna. Also fishing, recreational activity and boati ng disturb the nesting islets of the endemic ringed seal. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Summer cottage dwelling is a possible threat. The water level of the lake is regulated.


TEXT:
Forest ditchings in nearby mire areas increase the humus content.


TEXT:
Increasing summer cottage dwelling threatens small islands and open capes. The water level is slightly regulated.


TEXT:
Water level regulation and construction of outlet ditches have affected the fish species.


TEXT:
In some places effluent waters of the forest industry havepolluted the water. Shores are threatened by increasing summercottage welling. Large part of hebrich forests has been cut down and covered by spruce seedlings.


TEXT:
Summer cottage dwelling is the main threat. There are old dams and reservoirs but as a whole the area is almost in a natural state .


TEXT:
Forest ditchings have increased the humus content of the water which disturbs the spawning fish species. One hydroelectric plant a nd increasing summer cottage dwelling are other threats.


TEXT:
Increasing summer cottage dwelling threatens the barren and vulnerable landscape. Also boating and leisure fishing are possible th reads.


TEXT:
Increasing summer cottage dwelling is the main threat. The biggest islands are in forestry use. Increasing leisure boating disturb s the nesting of birds.


TEXT:
The sensitive habitats are threatened by leisure boating and its side-effects - erosion, littering and disturbance of the fauna.


TEXT:
Forestry is a possible threat. Because of the difficult terrain summer cottage dwelling has not developed.


TEXT:
The River Kyronjoki causes humic loads. The water quality declines at times.


TEXT:
Increasing summer cottage dwelling threatens shore habitats.


TEXT:
Summer cottage dwelling is a possible threat. Effluent waters of the nearby town affect the water quality especially during the ice cover period in the winter.


TEXT:
The area is used as a drilling area for defensive forces with consequent erosion. Outside the drilling area summer cottage dwellin g is the main threat.


TEXT:
Non-point pollution from agriculture and forestry and fish breeding cause eutrophication. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Summer cottage dwelling, forest ditching and fish breeding are possible threats.


TEXT:
The recreational use cause erosion of the plant cover and littering. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Increasing fish breeding is the most current problem; there is some increase in summer cottage dwelling. A reindeer mangement area . Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Summer cottage dwelling. A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained. Increasing tourism. Access is not allowed during nesting 1.4.-17.7.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained. An extensive drainage area is situated near the mire.


TEXT:
Extensive drainage of the nearby areas affect the water balance of the mire. Fellings in the pine bog areas.


TEXT:
Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
An electric power line crosses the area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained. The ditchings on the western side of the area threaten the water balance of the mire.


TEXT:
Hunting of wolf is permitted in the area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Large areas of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. The most of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
During the nesting time access to the certain parts of the mire is not allowed. A reindeer management area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
Some ditchings. In the marginal parts the tallest trees have been felled.


TEXT:
Hunting of wolf is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. The forest island have been felled and ploughed.


TEXT:
Includes minor ditchings. A reindeer management area.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
The marginal parts and even some open mire parts have been ditched.


TEXT:
The main road crosses the esker area and disturbs the nesting birds.


TEXT:
There has been both fellings and peat production in the area.


TEXT:
A part of the mire is drained, a part cleared for cultivation. In some places forests are fertilized and felled.


TEXT:
Includes old dichings and test areas of the Forest Research Institute.


TEXT:
There are ditchings and peat production.


TEXT:
In the marginal parts there are old ditching areas.


TEXT:
The main part of the peatland has been drained which affects the hydrology and water balance of the mire.


TEXT:
There are wide ditchings in the marginal parts.


TEXT:
There has been some fellings in the pine bogs.


TEXT:
The water balance has changed because of drainage. E.g. Utricularia intermedia-flarks have been destroyed.


TEXT:
Traffic of the nearby roads causes disturbance.


TEXT:
Ditchings in surrounded areas affect the state of the mire.


TEXT:
The marginal parts have been ditched totally. There are also fellings.


TEXT:
Includes old ditches. A part of the mire has been cleared for a field.


TEXT:
There has been done ditchings in 1980`s.


TEXT:
There has been some fellings in the marginal parts.


TEXT:
There are some ditchings in the marginal parts.


TEXT:
The marginal pine bogs have been ditched in some places.


TEXT:
An artificial lake of Patana has filled some areas of the mire, parts of the peatland have been drained and cleared for fields.


TEXT:
There has been done quite large fellings.


TEXT:
The area is surrounded by drainage areas and some marginal forests have been felled.


TEXT:
The marginal parts of the mire has been drained.


TEXT:
The main part of the mire has been ditched.


TEXT:
There has been fellings in the forest islands.


TEXT:
Eastern and northern parts of the area has been drained.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. There has been fellings and some brook sides have been ploughed.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. There has been done ploughings in the mire area.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Includes a forest road, fellings and a slate stone quarry.


TEXT:
A reindeer mangement area. Includes felling areas.


TEXT:
A reindeer mangement area. Hunting of bear and wolf is permitted. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
In nearby areas there are some ditchings which can affect the water balance of the mire.


TEXT:
An electric power line crosses the area. Includes ditchings.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Huntig of wolf and bear is permitted.


TEXT:
The surrounding mineral soils have been ploughed. A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is prohibited.


TEXT:
The increasing recreation use erodes the vegetation and disturbs the fauna.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of bear is permitted inthe area.


TEXT:
Some parts of the heath forests have been felled.


TEXT:
The area is situated in close vinicinty to a sea port which has caused conflicts concerning the use of the area.


TEXT:
Nearby cultivated areas and spruce encroachment threaten the area. The area need to be extended.


TEXT:
Possible threats are oil spills and accidents and chemical accidents in coastal waters. Minks disturb nesting birds.


TEXT:
Possible threats are vegetational erosion and impoverishment of the area because of the recreational use and nearby settlement.


TEXT:
Marked trail. Littering and erosion caused by outdoor activities threaten the area.


TEXT:
The area is situated near a town and its area has been reduced several times.


TEXT:
Affected by summer cottages and agriculture & sylviculture in the periphery.


TEXT:
At places under strong agricultural and forestry stress.


TEXT:
Summer cottages, erosion from visitors in spring.


TEXT:
The agricultural pasture is managed; without manegement it would overgrow. Leisure-fishing and hunting, summer cottages.


TEXT:
Forestry and constructions in the periphery.


TEXT:
Fellings have altered the state of the area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Birdwatching has been chanelled by setting up nature trails and a bird-tower. Building of the shores and increasing bird-watchingstill cause disturbance.


TEXT:
In need of managing in order to save the valuable deciduous forest and pastures.


TEXT:
A motorway has been constructed at the bottom of the bay. The increasing traffic and its consequences endanger the survival of som e nesting birds. An increase in the building of summer cottageso utside the protected area increases boat traffic and disturbance of the bay.


TEXT:
The lake Rapakivenjarvi is eutrophied and a gully community (3000 pairs) speeds up the eutrophication.


TEXT:
A lot of recreational activity. The shores of the bays are unconstructed. One of the bays is crossed by a road.


TEXT:
The slow expansion of the reed beds diminishes the area of open water space suitable for waterfowl. The effluent waters of Porvoowere discharged into the nature protection area without purificat ion in the 1970s. This has strongly influenced the species compos ition and the bird fauna. Because of the purification measuresth e water quality is improving.


TEXT:
The acidification threatens the lake water.


TEXT:
There has been made some ditchings. The lake Savonjarvi is quite rich in humus.


TEXT:
Summer cottages. The meadows are growing over since the grazing has stopped.


TEXT:
A small airport on the delta plain. Includes summer cottages, a large industrial area with gravel pits an some clearfelling and se edling areas.


TEXT:
One of the bays is overgrown because of the effluent waters of the nearby town. The species diversity has lessened.


TEXT:
In nearby areas there are clear fellings and thinning fellings.


TEXT:
Forest islands have been cut and there are some ditchings. The water level of the small ponds has been lowered.


TEXT:
The effluent waters of the town Rauma are discharged into the nearby area and affect to the water quality in the southern part ofthe area. There are only few summer cottages because the area ishard to reach.


TEXT:
Spruce encroachment and waterlogging threaten the area. It is managed by spruce uprooting and cleaning out ditches.


TEXT:
Summer cottage dwelling threatens the area. Recreational pressures. The establishment of this national park is under preparation.


TEXT:
There are fellings and a main road crosses the area.


TEXT:
One of the lakes is regulated. Non-point pollution from agriculture and forestry, summer cottage dwelling and acid rain threaten t he flora and fauna of the lakes.


TEXT:
The intensive forestry of the nearby areas affect the water quality of the small lakes. Includes also summer cottages.


TEXT:
Forest have been managed by favouring noble deciduous trees.


TEXT:
At the edges there are in some places small ditchings. The forest islands have been cut in many places. An electric power line cro sses the area. Increasing camping and hiking disturb the birds.H unting of wolf is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Wood processing industry effluent waters affect the water quality. Boating and recreational use cause erosion especially in eskerislands, bird islets and on rocky shores. Increasing summer cotta ge dwelling. Hunting of wolf is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
The discharge of effluent waters of the nearby town has caused eutrophication.


TEXT:
Ditching has diminished the mire area in a natural state.


TEXT:
Includes forest ditchings. A possible threat is the summer cottage dwelling.


TEXT:
Access is not allowed 1.4.-30.11. during nesting. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Includes gravel pits and felling areas. A popular recreation area. Increasing summer cottage dwelling is a possible threat. Huntin g of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
Intensive fishing disturbs the bird fauna.


TEXT:
In the nearby mire area has been done extensive ditchings.


TEXT:
There has been done fellings and forest machines have spoilt the scenery.


TEXT:
The runoff waters from the nearby drained mire areas has changed the water quality.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained. Fellings in the forest islands.


TEXT:
Increasing tourism may erode the vegetation and disturb nesting birds. A part of the peatland has been drained.


TEXT:
The most serious threat are oil shipments. In 1984 an oil accident in the nearby sea area caused the pollution of an area of 150 0 00 ha. Increasing boating and disturbance during nesting threaten the area.


TEXT:
Extensive gravel extraction and forest fellings have altered the scenery.


TEXT:
In the lake area the possible threats are overgrowing and building of shores. A part of the mires has been ditched.


TEXT:
There has been some fellings, ditchings and a forest road has been built.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. The mires and forests have kept their virgin statequite well. The visible changes are caused by reindeer tramplingand fish farming.


TEXT:
The shores are unconstructed. The possible threats are dredging and regulation of the water level. Hunting of wolf and bear is per mitted in the area.


TEXT:
The extent of meadows has been influenced by decrease of grazing. The dredging and discharge of Kirkonsalmi in 1960`s has accelera ted the overgrowing. The biggest threat is stongly increased summ er cottage building. Also incresing recreational use cause local disturbance.


TEXT:
The estuary area is peaceful because of its difficult terrain. The archipelago area is threatened by the increasing summer cottage dwelling.


TEXT:
The wood processing industry and nearby city effluent waters are discharged into the lake. In some places the water is rather polluted. Also the water level is strongly regulated which has affect ed to the vegetation and destroyed valuable fish species. Therea re also summer cottages, felling areas, fishing sites and camping sites. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area.


TEXT:
There are some ditchings and the water level of the ponds has been lowered.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. The water level of the lake is regulated and therehas been some fellings in the forests in 1930s.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. The water level has been regulated in the river Kir akkajoki and it has affected to the vegetation of the lake shores . Also gold digging has destroyed the scenery locally.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. A lage part of the birch forest has been destroyedby the seasonal moth and reindeer trampling has prevented the for est growth.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. A lot of recreational activities and in the boundar ies of the area there are lots of accommodation and other travel services.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. Includes clear felling areas.


TEXT:
A reindeer management area. Hunting of wolf and bear is permitted in the area. The vegetation has been damaged and the land surfac e eroded because of the recreational use.


TEXT:
A part of the peatland has been drained. Lots of recreational use: swimming, boating and fishing.


TEXT:
Surrounded by clear fellings, seedlings and forest roads.


TEXT:
An important hiking area and the vegetation has been eroded in some places.


TEXT:
Includes a small water catchment place and a summer cottage.


TEXT:
The site is very close to the town Paldiski. Possible threats may be the new planned oil-port and quarries.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by pollution and axcessive tourism.


TEXT:
Threat factors: grazing, agricultural pollution, building.


TEXT:
Threatened by the tourism because the forest is located in the recreative zone.


TEXT:
The northern part of the site is located close to the guard station and therefore the main threat is military activity and drumpling. There is also lots of old Soviet military trash.


TEXT:
The site was well protected so far as a restricted zone of Soviet border. Now it may be threated by tourism because the heaths and meadows are sensitive to trampling. There are two lighthouses working on nuclear fuel on the islet of Rammu but radioactivity is above mark close to the lighthouses.


TEXT:
The main threat for alvars is overgrowing with bushes when the grazing will end.


TEXT:
The wilderness area is breaken by forest roads.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by fishing and tourism. Coastal meadows can be overgrown because of ending grazing and mowing.


TEXT:
The site is quite close to the urban areas.


TEXT:
There is existing limited drainage in the NO part and in the marginal area of the mire. The forests should be preserved as a strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
The site should be preserved as a strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
The marginal parts have been drained. The site is slightly affected by shale oil industry.


TEXT:
Possible changes may occur in normal paludification processes due to alkalic pollution from electric power stations 40-60 km away and pollution caused by oil-shale chemistry industry 30 km away. Small marginal forest parts have been drained.


TEXT:
The site is practically without any human impact.


TEXT:
The main threat may be recreation thanks to the nice sand beach of the lake.


TEXT:
A quarter of the mire area has been drained.


TEXT:
The area should be protected as a strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
Threat factors are: chalk querry in the neighbourhood and its effect on the aquating conditions,and there is also possibility for clear cutting in the forest.


TEXT:
The islets are threatened by tourism. Kasmu peninsula is partly threatened by forest cutting.


TEXT:
The sea section is threatened by fishery, the islets are threatened by tourism and the coastal meadows are threatened by overgrowing with bushes because of the ending of grazing.


TEXT:
Possible threat will be building on reprivatised land.


TEXT:
The southern part has been drained and block peat has been cut in the SW part of the mire.


TEXT:
Traditional inappreciable human impact (forestry).


TEXT:
Any economical activity should be avoided.


TEXT:
Potential threat by neighbouring sod peat field.


TEXT:
Two main threats are: tourism because of the close location to the capital of Estonia and the possibility of being turned into a military training ground.


TEXT:
Small part of the mire has been drained.


TEXT:
No woodcutting has been made over 50 years.


TEXT:
An extension of drained area should be avoided.


TEXT:
There is a peat milling field (100 ha) not far from the bog.


TEXT:
At least during the post-war period the human impact has been weak.


TEXT:
Sanitary cutting has been made on half of the area.


TEXT:
Any economic activity should be avoided.


TEXT:
The certain threat is connected with the ongoing privatization of the land to the former owners.


TEXT:
A weakly drained area. Hay is made on appr. 20 % of the site.


TEXT:
The Taevaskoda area is threatened by increasing tourism.


TEXT:
There is a peat milling area in the western part of the mire.


TEXT:
Main threat is agricultural pollution from small farms.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by unregulated tourism.


TEXT:
A large part is untouched from any human activity.


TEXT:
A large part is untouched by human activity.


TEXT:
The site may be threated by ecological changings: soil improvement, utilization of pesticide and herbicide, becoming covered with woods.


TEXT:
As hay-making is ceasing a large area is overgrowing with bushes. The other threats are: building, draining and pollution.


TEXT:
Practically untouched. Possible threat may be draining.


TEXT:
The main threat is owergrowing with bushes. The floodplain of Mustjoe river mouth should be included to the Koiva protected area.


TEXT:
The utmost danger lies in cutting down the forests by private owners.


TEXT:
About 60 % of the fen has been turned to hay meadow because of the dredging of river and developing the drain-system. The hay meadow is growing over with shrubs.


TEXT:
There has been done some selective felling in the old forest patches. The site should be preserved.


TEXT:
Potentially threated by unregulated tourism. Seals and birds are disturbed by motor-boats.


TEXT:
The main threats associated with human activity are: building, gravel querry and roads.


TEXT:
Threat factors are - tourism and building activity.


TEXT:
Practically without human impact. Only some old military trash can be found.


TEXT:
Extensive tourism (trampling of heaths) must be avoided as well as picking too much berries in heath forest.


TEXT:
The NO and W marginal areas are partly cultivated and ditched.


TEXT:
The end of grazing will cause owergrowing with bushes. The communities are sensitive to trumpling.


TEXT:
Main threat is owergrowing with reed beds and shrubs.


TEXT:
Coastal meadows are overgrowing by bushes, because of decreasing of grazing.


TEXT:
There is necessary continous mowing on the meadows to prevent owergrowing with bushes.


TEXT:
The main threat for the alvar is overgrowing with bushes.


TEXT:
Potential threat is melioration, that disturbes lakes and mire communities.


TEXT:
The main risk is complete owergrowing with bushes because of diminishing of grazing. The second risk is associated with human activities: building, founding a gravel quarry or road building.


TEXT:
There are no direct threat factors. The oak wood is very old and there is no undergrowth.


TEXT:
The wooded meadow may disappeare entirely during the next 20 years if it is not going to be mowed annually.


TEXT:
Economical activities should be avoided.


TEXT:
The site should be protected as strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
Overgrowing with junipers and reed invasion can be harmful.


TEXT:
A small peat milling (52ha) in the western part of the area and limited drainage in the marginal parts are the main factors.


TEXT:
Main threats are overgrowing and hunting. The last one disturbs birds.


TEXT:
One ditch, one heap of stones and small heap of rubbish.


TEXT:
The site is partly overgrazed, partly undergrazed.


TEXT:
Any economic activity (forestry) should be avoided.


TEXT:
Should be protected as a strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
Ther site is threatened by water pollution from surrounding area (agricultural and waste water from village Käina) and excessive human disturbance.


TEXT:
A threat factor could be extended tourism.


TEXT:
Very important region for protection the whole ecosystem of islands with special attention to waterfowls and coastal plant communities.


TEXT:
Possible threats would be forest clear cutting and trampling.


TEXT:
The main threat is becomming covered with forest following the dissapearence of rare species. The site is also threatened by human activity: forest planting, building, gravel querries and roads.


TEXT:
The water level of Koigi lake has been lowered and therefore the process of overgrowing is quite intensive. There are some peat mill areas in the northern part of mire. The marginal parts have been drained and are used as hay meadows.


TEXT:
The main threat is extending of gravel querry, also the ending of grazing, it results in complete owergrowing with bushes, disappearance of unique plant species and communities.


TEXT:
Threatened by tourism. Ending grazing on these alvars causes overgrowing with bushes soon.


TEXT:
Threats by pollution cause surplus of nutrients in coastal waters. As grazing and mowing is decreasing the coastal meadows are overgrowing with bushes. The transmission lines over the strait are dangerous to waterfowls as they injure and kill more than 50 swans per year.


TEXT:
Haliaeetus albicilla may suffer from human impact: forestry and presence of people; orchid species may be disturbed by forestry.


TEXT:
The meadow is threatened by overgrowing with junipers. In some places heavy trucks have driven and so caused harm to soil and vegetation.


TEXT:
The broad-leaved forest is in good state and any forestry shall be harmful at the moment. Sea-shores should not be visited in the nesting period of birds.


TEXT:
In the forest clear cutting should be avoided. Some soft managment may be useful. The more extensive managment of grasslands is very much recommended (especially grazing). Heavy pressure from tourism will be harmful for the forest and grassland ecosystems.


TEXT:
Threatened by overgrowing because of the diminishing of grazing.


TEXT:
The main threat is complete ending of grazing as owergrowing with bushes follows. Small part of the area has been spoiled because of unsuccessful attempt of afforesting.


TEXT:
The main threats are associated with human activity: building, gravel querries and roads.


TEXT:
Rahuste coastal meadows can be threatened by excessive grazing. The islet is without any human impact. The threats could also be trumpling and disturbing the nesting birds.


TEXT:
Threats: islets - trumpling, disturbing of birds; coastal meadows - overgrowing with junipers and reeds.


TEXT:
Main threats are: overgrowing with junipers and reed invasion.


TEXT:
The whole forest should be preserved as strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
The whole forest should be preserved as a strict nature reserve.


TEXT:
Human impact is probably not strong. Fishing has some role to do around the islet. Naturally, seals may suffer because of human activities.


TEXT:
The main threat factor could be trumpling.


TEXT:
The forest is threatened by forestry, sand dunes by trumpling, coastal meadow by overgrowing with bushes and reed invasion.


TEXT:
Changing the water conditions can be harmful.


TEXT:
Main threat could be overgrowing with bushes and reed invasion because of diminishing of grazing.


TEXT:
Threat may be caused by neighbouring gravel querry influence on the aquating conditions.


TEXT:
Forest cutting or melioration in bog's surroundings must be prevented.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible change of hydrological regime which is connected with peat extraction. There is an information that cutting of several old tree stands is planned.


TEXT:
Possible draining or cutting of surrounding forests should be prevented.


TEXT:
Small reserves in most valuable parts should be established Threats include possible melioration, development of new roads through the tract and intensification of forest management (already observed in 1996!).


TEXT:
Possible threats: recreation, changes in land use. The site is still hardly affected by hydroelectric power stations (rapid water level fluctuations) lying both in upper and lower waters. Several small gravel and sand pits lie close to the territory. Expansion of these should not be permitted.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible forest cutting and melioration works in the area.


TEXT:
Possible cutting of old tree stands or river regulations should not be permitted.


TEXT:
Threatened due to leakage of unsufficiently treated waste water from Aluksne city. The pollution is caused also due to excessive fertilising of surrounding africultural land. Increased recreation is observed as well.


TEXT:
Bird colonies are threatened by growing trees which are used as perching sites of crows, ravens and other nest predators.


TEXT:
Threatened by planned clearcuts. Since 1991 when site has been checked previous time, forest cutting has been carried out already; fortunately, these activities did not touch most valuable tree stands. The forest in whole area must be preserved, preventing further peat extraction, new road developments, change of hydrological regime.


TEXT:
Threatened by excessive water eutrophication (especially Akavina) due to beaver activities which negatively affects Margaritifera margaritifera and trout populations. Forest cutting along the river shores should not be permitted.


TEXT:
An existence of Pteromys volans is threatened by intensive cutting of Aspen woods before trees reach age convenient for the species (80 years and more). Fragmentation of this forest tract will cause a remarkable decrease in the diversity of species, both plant and animal.


TEXT:
The draining of bogs and forests as well as continuation of peat extraction and excessive forest exploitation must be stopped.


TEXT:
Drainage and peat exttraction as well as cutting of surrounding woods should not be allowed.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible cutting of old Black Alder stands, drainage and development of new roads through the forest tract to facilitate the forest management activities. About one-third of old forest stands in 1996 (compared with 1991) have been cut.


TEXT:
The tract must be preserved without any forest management: nor drainage or cutting.


TEXT:
It is possible to destroy Trapa natans population by fishing nets. In comparison with 1932., the number of Trapa natans has decreased 5-6 times. The contents of chlorides in the lake has increased 6 times, mostly due to agricultural leakage.


TEXT:
No bog draining and peat extraction should be allowed, as well as cutting of surrounding forests. Anglers cause disturbance in surroundings of larger lake.


TEXT:
Melioration or cutting the surrounding woodlands should not be permitted. Threatened by peat extraction plans in future.


TEXT:
No drainage of the bogs and forests, peat extraction, cutting of old tree stands is allowable. Development of new roads facilitating flow of humans into the site would be unfavourable.


TEXT:
Threatened by water pollution from Bauska hospitals and international racing place nearby.


TEXT:
Agrcultural use of floodplain coast of the lake would be unfavourable for rare plants. If the lake is used for recreation and fishing, all activities must be under control.


TEXT:
Large scale melioration works have been carried out in surroundings destroying other species (Bombina) habitats. Therefore isolation of population inhabiting the site has increased.


TEXT:
The lake is threatened due to intensive use of fertilisers in surrounding farmlands, waste waters from cattle-farms (leaking into SE bay). Extraction of water vegetation to facilitate fish harvesting must not be permitted.


TEXT:
Pollution of the lakes from agricultural lands must be prevented. Fragmentation of forest tract by large scale clear cuts is possible.


TEXT:
The lake is probably well maintained due it's situation far from roads and human settlements. Development of tourism resorts should not be permitted. Possible cleaning of the lake's vegetation for fishing purposes would negatively affect rare plant species.


TEXT:
Threatened by melioration of surrounding agricultural land which can affect water regime in the bog.


TEXT:
The site could be threatened due to plans to cut forest growing on slope.


TEXT:
Threatened mostly by uncontrolled recreation activities, pollution through agricultural run-off, removal of dead and fallen trees from woods on the coast.


TEXT:
Threatened due to increased recreation. Several campings and car parking sites are situated close to the lake.


TEXT:
Threatened due to uncontrolled recreation.


TEXT:
Rapid overgrowing of the lakes is stimulated by water pollution. Water pollution in Raiskuma lake is caused by wastewaters from Raiskums village; in Auciema Lake by grounwaters from surrounding agricultural lands and cattle farms.


TEXT:
Water quality in Rauna River is threatened due to unsufficiently treated waters from Rauna village and wastewaters from Rauna dairy.


TEXT:
Threatened due to excessive Lampetra fluviatilis harvesting and illegal fishing. Heavy water pollution is observed from Straupe dairy.


TEXT:
Fish populations are threatened by illegal fishing.


TEXT:
The well-being of Margaritifera population can be negatively affected by increase of beaver activities: creation of dams and ponds. Forest cutting along the river must not be permitted. Water pollution from Spare school is observed as well.


TEXT:
No detailed information. Forest cutting along the shores of the river would be disastrous for many threatened plant and animal species.


TEXT:
Melioration activities are launched in surroundings, however, most important area is not affected, at least today.


TEXT:
No information about threats. Possibly threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off. 1996. No threats recorded.


TEXT:
The water pollution is not observed in spite of high intensities of agricultural activities in surroundings.


TEXT:
Fragmentation of this forest tract by large scale cutting should be prevented.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible draining of the lake, sapropel extraction, disturbance (angling and other recreation) during nesting period in birds.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible intensification of agricultural practices: meadow ploughing and other.


TEXT:
Threatened by increased recreation during summer months, building activities at coast.


TEXT:
Threatened mainly by possible melioration which is already done in a part of the territory. Grass mowing and grazing must be maintained to prevent meadow overgrowing. More ornithological and botanical study is necessary.


TEXT:
Water in the lakes is being polluted by agricultural run-off and surrounding villages. Due to land privatisation building of new resorts and camping sites are possible. The surroundings already suffer from high recreation intensities.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible continuation of peat extraction. No forest cutting should be allowed on bog islands and within 300 m distance around the bog.


TEXT:
Possible cutting of old treestands or fragmentation of the forest tract should be prevented. Dead and fallen trees must not be removed from the forest.


TEXT:
Threatened by additional drainage, possible fragmentation of the forest tract and forest degradation as a result of the removal of dry and damaged trees.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible restoration of land for intensive agriculture purposes, intensive forest cutting (already launched), military training activities. No melioration activities should be allowed.


TEXT:
Threatened due to pollution by agricultural run-off. Any melioration and forest cutting in the valley should not be permitted. Grass mowing in the meadow areas must be continued.


TEXT:
Forest cutting around the reserve would cause negative effect on area itself.


TEXT:
Threatened by excessive forest exploitation in the area.


TEXT:
Threatened due to pollution of rivers by agricultural run-off, high recreation intensities, excessive forest cutting along the rivers.


TEXT:
The peat extraction in the southern part should be stopped. The consequences of bog draining should be prevented whenever possible. Forest cutting around the bog must be regulated.


TEXT:
Threats include illegal fishing and pollution from surrounding agricultural lands.


TEXT:
Numerous beaver dams cause water eutrophication which is unfavourable for Thymallus and Margaritifera.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible extraction of sappropel.


TEXT:
Any draining activities in neighbouring woodlands should not be permitted.


TEXT:
Seriously threatened by increasing forest cutting in surroundings and in the site, as well as illegal hunting and fishing. Recently the meadows were regularly mown but now they are mostly abandoned and overgrow with schrub. Possibly both rivers are being polluted due to agricultural run-off.


TEXT:
It is planned in nearest future to cut down approximately 10 % of the area - almost all most valuable stands. The territory is also threatened by draining plans.


TEXT:
Mainly threatened by intensive recreation causing disturbance to breeding birds. New threats may arise after land privatisation and change in land use.


TEXT:
Threatened by cutting of old forest stands, planting of spruce monocultures, creation of new draining projects.


TEXT:
Threatened by high recreation intensity. The vegetation is being most damaged in western part where swimming place has been created.


TEXT:
Certain parts of the Teici Bog could be threatened due to land privatisation in neighbouring areas. Any possible plans of draining or peat extraction in Pelecares Bog should be stopped. It would be very important to maintain forest belts around both bogs and on islands. In Pelecares Bogs old tree stands were recently cut down on two islands in spite of protection regime.


TEXT:
Trapa natans population is threatened by fish catching with nets and spinings.


TEXT:
Any melioration plans should be prevented. In the given moment (1996) the site is not threatened.


TEXT:
Further draining of the forests should be stopped. No forest cutting should be planned within 300 m zone aroung the lake. Several rare bird species suffer from disturbance caused by anglers visiting the lake.


TEXT:
Threats are possible continuation of peat extraction and further draining of the bog. No forest cutting should beallowed on bog islands and in 0.5 km distance around the bog.


TEXT:
Any melioration activities in surroundings with potentional effect upon the site should be prevented. Forest exploitation should not be allowed closer than 300 m from the bog.


TEXT:
Any draining activities in surroundings with possible effect on bog's hydrological regime should be prevented. No forest cutting should be allowed within 300 m distance around the bog.


TEXT:
Any melioration activities with possible effect on the bog' s hydrological regime must be prevented. No forest cutting should be allowed in 300 m zone around the bog.


TEXT:
No forest cutting around the bog should be allowed.


TEXT:
Threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off. Coasts are highly urbanised.


TEXT:
Threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off.


TEXT:
No threats reported. Recreation intensty during the summer months is quite high, however, it has decreased during the last 5 years.


TEXT:
Threatened due to high recreation intensities and close proximity of Sauleskalns tourist resort.


TEXT:
Forest cutting along lake's shores should be prohibited. Recreation activities (observed in 1996) can also have negative impact on lake and it's surroundings.


TEXT:
No reports about threats. Possibly negative effect on the ecosystem may have tourist resorts situated in surroundings.


TEXT:
Threatened due to water pollution by agricultural run-off, possible forest cutting along river shores, increase of recreation intensities (water tourism and other).


TEXT:
The nesting sites of rare and threatened birds (forest tract N from ponds) must be closed for any human disturbers during the nesting period. In the forests around the pond-systems a restricted areas around the nests of raptors must be established. The site could be threatened by intensification of any human activity occurring at the site, however, now it actually suffers from the opposite: cessation of different human activities.


TEXT:
The meadows are threatened by melioration and intensive land-use, as well as possible land abandonment and overgrowing. Existing arable land must be maintained at the Dilles farm and cattle keeping should be permitted there. There is an unchecked information that at least part of the territory has been ploughed (not confirmed at least in 1996). In 1996 intensive grass-burning was carried out in surroundings: it is hard to estimate whether this affects the site. Small scale freshwater lime excavation has been launched near Dilles farm.


TEXT:
An uncontrolled recreation can affect the site negatively.


TEXT:
In 1991 a mill dam was renewed at the Bridagas farm but in 1993 it was destroyed by spring flood. There is no information whether it is renewed in 1994 (visit in 1996 showed that river flows in natural way - no dams in the included section). There is a note that the river can be polluted from agricultural lands in it's upper waters. Due to land privatisation, there could be attemptions to build dams and create fish breeding farms.


TEXT:
The lake is being polluted with the inflowing water from Vilgale village. Frequent changes of water level negatively affects both vegetation and breeding birds. Destruction of present vegetation is possible due to sappropel extraction. Overgrowing of the island should be prevented in order to maintain the gull colony. Creation of artificial islands for breeding waterbirds is advisable.


TEXT:
The site is threatened due to water pollution from agricultural lands, illegal fishing, increase in number of beavers (dams, water flow limitation, eutrophication), and possible plans to cut old forest stands along the river's shores.


TEXT:
The site is threatened due to increase of recreational activities. No clear cuts should be allowed at the shores of the lakes and any activities which could cause a changes of hydrological regime.


TEXT:
Threatened due to cutting of oldest stands (many of threatened bird species depend upon presence of old forest), development of new roads facilitating forest exploitation.


TEXT:
The territory had been partly disturbed due to melioration activities. A waste disposal site (Kuldiga city) lies North from the site. Unfortunately, the waste disposal area often is flooded in spring and pollutes surroundings.


TEXT:
Threatened due to pollution by agricultural run-off from surroundings, high recreation intensities (water tourism). Cutting of old tree stands on the river shores should not be permitted.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive use of land along the shores (farming), pollution by agricultural run-off, illegal fish harvesting.


TEXT:
The values in the site could be threatened by forest cutting on the valley slopes of the rivers. Water pollution from surrounding agricultural lands has been recorded. This can dramatically affect the populations of Salmo and Thymallus. Further beaver expansion in river valleys can finally result as water eutrophication.


TEXT:
Threats include excessive fragmentation of surrounding forest tracts by large clearcuts. No forest cutting should be allowed closer than 0,5 km from the bogs.


TEXT:
Possibly threatened by increasing tourism in the area, caves in particular. Changes in land ownership can cause problems, too.


TEXT:
There is no information about threats. To protect dunes it would be reasonable to include 0.5-1 km wide forest belt in proposed protected area. Data from 1996 lead to be aware about possible threats from Bernati village: intensive recreation.


TEXT:
Threats include: water pollution, meadow overgrowing, increase of recreation, amelioration of floodplain meadows (the latter during the last 5 years). Pollution is caused by the presence of land-fill close to the lake. Possibly the channel between the lake ans the sea should be renewed. Unfortunately, meadows in E coast are not managed any more and development of natural succession is observed. Number of threatened plant and bird species have significantly decreased here.


TEXT:
Peat extraction and drainage in the northern part must be stopped. If possible a consequences of drainage carried out in previous years must be eliminated. Forest cutting around the bog should not be allowed.


TEXT:
Further drainage and peat extraction in the area should not be allowed.


TEXT:
Intensive forest cutting was recorded in 1996. Cutting of old stands and removing broken trees would be very unfavourable to threatened bird species inhabiting the territory. Botanists noted also that forest works heavily damage the land surface vegetation.


TEXT:
The river is affected by pollution from Cirava. No any regulation of river course and forest cutting on shores is permittable.


TEXT:
Dry meadow area must be grazed or mown. Any possible river pollution or regulation must be prevented.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive agriculture, afforestation of meadows, water pollution. To preserve meadows they must be mowed or grazed.


TEXT:
No present threats reported. Potentially threatened by water pollution, development of holiday centres, forest cutting.


TEXT:
The territory is threatened by melioration plans. Old (dead or living) trees with cavities should not be removed.


TEXT:
Area receives background pollution of oil hydrocarbons, heavy metals, chlororganic compounds from waste waters of the port Klaipeda, Kuronian Bay, Palanga Resort and Mazeikai oil processing plant. Possible oil import-export terminal construction northward from Palanga (Lithuania).


TEXT:
The unique biotopes (in latvian Grinis) are being transformed due to melioration and aforestation and loses it's characteristics. Regular grazing and fires are only factors allowing to stop aforestation.


TEXT:
The river valley could be negatively affected by intensive forest management.


TEXT:
Deciduous forests must be preserved in the territory. No significant threats reported.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible draining and cutting of forests, removal of dead trees with holes, necessary for rare woodpecker species (report from 1995 says that most of dead trees have been already removed!). Development of new forest roads is possible.


TEXT:
Draining of the bog and surrounding forests is possible in future.


TEXT:
Main threats are increased human disturbance and possible building development, melioration of forests and meadows. Rich population of Eryngium maritimum could be collection of these plants for decorations.


TEXT:
Melioration of the bog and surrounding forests should not be allowed.


TEXT:
Serious threat is increase of disturbance due to building at coast and expansion of Liepaja city. Any kind of water pollution should be prevented. Main pollution source is the factory "Sarkanais Metalurgs". Melioration of meadows should not be allowed. Great problem is cessation of mowing and cattle grazing in many meadow areas around the lake. This will lead to meadow overgrowing and drastical decrease in threatened meadow plant, bird and invertebrate species. One of the most important breeding sites for waders lie in the Liepaja City (East coast). This place is seriously threatened due to high recreation intensities causing serious disturbance to breeding birds.


TEXT:
Main threats include the spread of uniform reedbeds onto the lake and also onto former Carex meadows as a result of land abandonment. Intensification of tourism activities (building new summer cottages at coast etc.) would cause threats for local population of breeding birds and passaging waders and land-birds along neighbouring seaboard. The losing water quality due to pollution is also possible.


TEXT:
The site is threatened according to earlier made projects on peat extraction in these bogs. No forest cutting on land peninsulas and around the bog is permittable nor any drainage activities.


TEXT:
Main threat is disturbed hydrological regime as a consequence of peat extraction along the western side of the bog. There is a need to destroy the ditch system after finishing peat extraction.


TEXT:
Draining in surroundings may affect the forests.


TEXT:
Fish (salmonid) populations are negatively affected due to illegal fishing.


TEXT:
Nature values at the site may be threatened by increase of uncontrolled tourism, illegal fishing and cutting forests along the shores of the river.


TEXT:
Ploughing of some floodplain meadow areas destroy natural plant communities. A new hotel has been built near the Riga-Tallin highway. This can increase recreation in the area and water pollution as well.


TEXT:
Threats include increase of recreation (mainly in coastal area), intensification of agriculture in the river's lower waters.


TEXT:
Threatened due to increasing recreation activities.


TEXT:
The lake could be threatened in a result of intensification of agriculture in surroundings.


TEXT:
Threatened due to increase of recreation, use of fertilisers in surrounding agricultural lands. Removal of fallen and dead trees in the forests should not be permitted.


TEXT:
The site is threatened due to increase of recreation, especially around the camping situated at the Augstrozes Lielezers. No forest cutting within 0.5 km borderzone around the Madiesenu bog is allowable as well as in the rich forest areas in the South. However, during the last 5 years this forest area has been strongly affected by excessive forest management.


TEXT:
Forest management in the neigbouring area causes disturbance to breeding birds, as well as fishing in the Sokka lake.


TEXT:
An improvement of the bog's vicinity is possible due to land privatisation. This would cause additional disturbance for breeding birds. No melioration or cutting of forests within 0.5 km zone around the bog is allowable.


TEXT:
Excessive forest cutting around the bog must be stopped. Any change of hydrological regime should be prevented.


TEXT:
Any forest exploitation within 300 m belt around the bog should not be allowed.


TEXT:
No forest cutting within 300 m zone around the bog should be allowed.


TEXT:
Threatened due to uncontrolled recreation. The lake is favourite leisure site of Limbazi town inhabitants.


TEXT:
Threatened by strong pollution from the Limbazi town: unsuficiently treated wastewaters fall directly into the lake stimulating the eutrophication. There are high recreation intensities; mainly sports angling causing serious disturbance to breeding birds. Restrictions, that regulate entrance in the lake during the breeding season, do not functionate.


TEXT:
Fauna and flora at the site is threatened both by disturbance (recreation) and habitat loss (meadow and lagoon overgrowing with reeds and schrub). Locally the threat is building at the coast: rennovation of harbour at town Ainazi. Coastal eutrophication is not a major threat today but probably will affect the coast in future. Planned building of new recreation centres and resorts would increase human presence at the coast during the breeding season of birds.


TEXT:
Further drainage, peat extraction and intensive forest exploitation should be prevented in the territory.


TEXT:
Threatened by any possible activity that could destroy the fen ecosystem: drainage in surroundings, cutting of wet forests in surroundings and on islands.


TEXT:
Drainage, peat extraction and cutting of surrounding forests should not be allowed.


TEXT:
No drainage of the surrounding areas should be permitted.


TEXT:
Gravel extraction has been launched in the southern part of the hill range.


TEXT:
No drainage and peat extraction should be allowed. Cutting of forest belts around the bogs would also cause unfavourable changes in area's bird fauna.


TEXT:
Any building activities, digging new channels should not be permitted in the territory.


TEXT:
Draining or cutting of forests in the river valley should not be permitted. Study in 1996 gave an impression that water quality is not good, at least last 5 km before falling into river Aiviekste.


TEXT:
Not threatened due to strong protection regime.


TEXT:
There is an information that Grey Herons have deserted the colony due to increased recreation activities.


TEXT:
Building of new roads through the oak stands must be stopped. Cutting of old tree stands should not be permitted.


TEXT:
Threats include uncontrolled activities of tourists on lake islands. Any attempts to change water regime must be prevented.


TEXT:
Possible threats include: river tract regulation, cutting surrounding treestands, melioration of forests, beaver catching and destruction of their dams, cessation of mowing in floodplain meadows. High recreation intensities during berry-picking and mushroom collection time.


TEXT:
Threatened by large scale clear cuts in forests separating bogs.


TEXT:
Threatened due to possible projects of sapropel extraction or change of hydrological regime. The lake Lobes complex could be threatened in future due to Riga-Moscow highway development close (South) to the lake.


TEXT:
Any attempts to drain the area or to start cutting forests should be prevented.


TEXT:
Forests in Ogre valley are negatively affected by recreation which cause sinanthropisation of flora, mechanical damaging of groundcover. Meadows are intensively used as pastures which cause erosion of soil.


TEXT:
All plans of peat extraction or draining should be prevented.


TEXT:
Continuation of peat extraction should not be permitted. If possible a hydrological regime favourable for wildlife in extracted part of the bog should be restored.


TEXT:
Draining, peat extraction in the bog or water level change in the lake should not be permitted.


TEXT:
The lake in the middle of the bog is favourite place for anglers. Numerous visitors cause disturbance for breeding birds. Melioration of the bog should not be allowed.


TEXT:
The Lake Ciriss is threatened by rapid water eutrophication caused by agricultural run-off. The lake has high recreation intensity because surrounding area is densely inhabited.


TEXT:
If possible, the consequences of drainage should be prevented and previous hydrological regime restored. The bog suffers also from close proximity of road which occasionally results as permanent human presence also in breeding season.


TEXT:
All 14 ponds in previous years were intensively managed but now it is decided not to rear fish beginning with 1993. Therefore the ponds apparently will waste water resources and overgrow with scrub or will be ploughed and used as farmland. A lot will depend upon what decision about privatisation of the area will be made.


TEXT:
The site could be threatened by any other major projects changing the main characters of the ecosystem. However, the restoration of previous water level could be very favourable for different groups of waterbirds.


TEXT:
Threatened by draining activities in a neighbouring area.To prevent excessive disturbance of breeding waterfowl, angling should not be allowed from ice melting to 1st of July.


TEXT:
Threatened by disturbance caused by anglers and holiday-makers. Possibly threatened by water pollution mainly from the resorts.


TEXT:
Threatened by disappearance of traditional managements including mowing of small forest mires. Old pine stands should not be cut and dead trees with holes should not be removed. However, studies in 1996 revealed that intensive forest cutting has been launched already.


TEXT:
The system could be sensible if any draining activities are carried out in neighbouring areas. This could diminish total area of wet and flooded areas. The extension of forest cutting also could affect an abundance or presence of rare and threatened bird species.


TEXT:
Threatened by permanent presence of holiday makers during breeding season in birds. Further development of the port is also possible. Cessation of traditional meadow management would cause meadow overgrowing with schrub and reedbed expansion.


TEXT:
The main threat is rapid expansion of reedbeds and schrub in the area as a result of cessation of grazing and mowing. The site suffers from permanent human presence: disturbance of breeding birds during season is very high and causes remarkable losses.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible continuation of peat extraction, draining of the remaining part of the bog.


TEXT:
The site is widely used for recreational purposes. These activities requires some control otherwise they can negatively affect vulnerable plant communities, increase eutrophication.


TEXT:
The territory is threatened by further draining of the area. Projects concerning the sapropel extraction in the lakes should be stopped.


TEXT:
No sufficient information. Possible expansion of waste place of Jurmala city laying nearby could cause problems.


TEXT:
Threatened by increasing recreation and development of military objects in the territory.


TEXT:
Threatened due to possible building activities and close proximity of small village area. The latter causes disturbance both for breeding and wintering waterfowl.


TEXT:
Active cutting of forests have been launched after official opening the area. Further peat extraction in Dzelves-Krona bog threatens bog bird communities and hydrological stability of an area.


TEXT:
Threatened by plans of sapropel extraction in the area and water level changes in Jugla Lake which will affect the site. There is a significant disturbance from holiday makers during breeding season in birds.


TEXT:
The lake is seriously threatened due to pollution from Riga city and Jaunciems paper factory. Threats include also increase of recreation (sports fishing etc.) at some sites, land abandonment and following floodplain meadow overgrowing.


TEXT:
No exact data. River tract regulation of pollution from agricultural run-off is possible. Forest cutting along the river should not be allowed.


TEXT:
No forest cutting should be allowed in the reserve. Widening of roads and continuation of gravel extraction should be stopped. Dry meadows must be regularly mown otherwise they will overgrow with schrub.


TEXT:
No forest cutting or development of new roads should be allowed in the territory.


TEXT:
To preserve threatened meadow communities (both birds and plants) the main problem is rapid reedbed expansion as a result of cessation of grazing and mowing in the area. The territory suffers from high recreation intensities in spite of the protection regime. Part of the territory can be threatened due to possible expansion of sea port.


TEXT:
Possible threats include: increasing water pollution, high recreation intensities.


TEXT:
Threatened due to high recreation intensities in summer period. Cutting of surrounding forests and changing hydrological regime in the lake should not be permitted.


TEXT:
Heavy pollution by agricultural run-off is observed. Disturbance (anglers, hunters etc.) of birds during breeding, moulting, foraging.


TEXT:
The site is threatened due to waste leakage - water pollution from bird farm in upper waters. Forest cutting along shores should not be permitted. Several gravel pits are lying in surroundings of the site. Further expansion of pits should not be allowed.


TEXT:
Threats include: leakage of wastewater from Sigulda and possibly also from Cesis city, uncontrolled recreation, noise from sports complex in Sigulda. Cutting of old tree stands in Gauja valley should not be permitted. Due to site's position in National Park, high recreation intensities may cause disturbance to wild animals during their reproduction season. The agricultural activities in the valley must be under control: extensive methods should not be exchanged with intensive.


TEXT:
No serious threats reported so far. Overgrowing of the lake could be stimulated by pollution due to agricultural run-off.


TEXT:
The ponds are threatened to be drained and used as arable land. This could be possible due to land privatisation which is expected in nearest future. Less important threats are overgrowing of some fish-ponds and excessive cutting of vegetation in others. In forests a cutting of old tree stands is also a problem. Unfortunately forest management activities are not stopped during the breeding season of birds.


TEXT:
Cessation of mowing in meadows could stimulate their overgrowing and losing importance for migrant waders. Any change of hydrological regime should not be allowed.


TEXT:
Should be maintained without change of hydrological regime. Forest cutting and further peat extraction should not be allowed in the area.


TEXT:
Possible threats include excessive flooding.


TEXT:
Increased recreation (water tourism) cause disturbance to breeding birds. Water pollution due to agricultural run-off is possible. No forest cutting along the shores should be permitted.


TEXT:
Peat extraction is already launched in the southern part of the bog. These activities must be stopped.


TEXT:
The area could be threatened by forest cutting and change of hydrological regime. Very high recreation intensities during the berry-picking and mushroom collecting time are reported.


TEXT:
Increase of beaver activities (dams, creation of ponds, water eutrophication) will cause decrease in Thymallus and Margaritifera populations.


TEXT:
Threatened by intensive agriculture along in the river valley, pollution by agricultural run-off, illegal fishing. Forest cutting along shores should not be permitted.


TEXT:
The island is threatened due to recreational activities, possible cattle grazing. Ciecere lake can be negatively affected by presence of Broceni cement factory.


TEXT:
Any change of hydrological regime, fragmentation of the forest tract and forest cutting within 0.5 km zone around the bog should not be allowed.


TEXT:
Any possible forest draining or cutting around the bogs should be prevented. If possible, a mowing of meadows along the river Lipsa should be restored. The use of gravel pits in the territory must be restricted. Pollution in river Rauza is caused due to waste water leakage from farms in Launkalne municipality.


TEXT:
No building at coast is permittable. Increasing disturbance due to recreation and increase of fishing boat number cause disturbance to waterfowl at different cycles of their life.


TEXT:
Any drainage activities and forest cutting close to the river valley should not be permitted. The river quality may be negatively affected due to high density of beavers. Their dams confine water exchange and water eutrophication has been already observed.


TEXT:
The site is threatened by coastal fishing when trap-nets are used.


TEXT:
Most of the territory is protected by strong regime, therefore main threats are connected with attemptions to change the reserve's protection status or to diminish it's territory. Coastal areas - beach and dune systems - are threatened due to increasing recreation intensities.


TEXT:
Due to land abandonment, floodplain meadows overgrow with scrub. If beaver activities will increase significantly, there are eutrophication threats for the river.


TEXT:
Threatened due to agricultural run-off from surroundings. No forest cutting should be permitted in the valley. Mowing in floodplain meadows shouls be continued. Numbers of beaver should be under control, if possible.


TEXT:
No information. Intensification of forestry is probable.


TEXT:
The site is seriously threatened by intensive forest cutting, draining and intensive agriculture in the surroundings.


TEXT:
Drainage of bogs and surrounding forests is not permissible.


TEXT:
Threatened due to pollution by agricultural run-off, high recreation intensities (increase of water tourism), expansion of towns Sabile and Kandava. Cutting of old living and dry trees on river shores must not be permitted.


TEXT:
In general no serious threats have been reported. Due to small scale peat extraction (W part) in the past the water level in the bog was lowered. It became dryer and begun to overgrow. The recovery of beaver population improved this situation, however, the water level is not stable there.


TEXT:
The lake is threatened by expansion of uniform reedbeds, meadow overgrowing with schrub, land abandonment (cessation of grazing, mowing, hey making). Uncontrolled fishing, sapropel extraction, hunting. Recreation cause problems in the area as well, especially during the breeding season of birds.


TEXT:
Lake Kanieris is polluted by agricultural run-off and industrial sewage from the River Slocene. The area is seriously threatened by attempts to change the lake's protection status and increased fishing and hunting. The valuable forest areas would be destroyed by any draining activities.


TEXT:
The river is favourite place for water tourists, anglers etc. Increase of these activities during reproduction period of birds causes seriuos disturbance. Water pollution from towns Valmiera and Strenci, as well as from agricultural lands is also a problem. Tree cutting along the shores must not be permitted.


TEXT:
Threatened by possible change of land-use: stopping the fish-breeding, ploughing the ponds' bottom; or, from the other side - land abandonment and overgrowing with reed and schrub.


TEXT:
Threatened due to pollution by agricultural run-off, especially from River Briede.


TEXT:
Fragmentation of the forest tract or any draining activities would be unfavourable for maintaining of region's biodiversity.


TEXT:
No drainage of the bog or forest cutting around is allowable.


TEXT:
Angling in two largest lakes apparently is the main factor bothering breeding of Golden Eagle and Black-throated Diver. Therefore angling should be allowed only after 1st of August. No forest cutting can be allowed within 0.5 km wide zone around the bog. Any mellioration activities that could change hydrological regime should be stopped. No hunting should be allowed in the bog's territory.


TEXT:
Possible threats include: water pollution from Valmiera city, forest cutting along shores of the river, high recreation activities during summer season (boating, hiking), expansion and development of new sand and gravel pits lying in surroundings.


TEXT:
Threatened by disturbance (increased tourism and recreation) and possible building development at coast. A population of Eryngium maritimum can be destroyed by picking plants for decoration purposes.


TEXT:
The area is quite hardly affected by human activities, especially in previous years. Main threats are increased human disturbance (due to increase of recreation and tourism) and possible building development.


TEXT:
The meadows must be mowed or grazed to prevent them from overgrowing. The forests must be maintained to prevent ravine formation and erosion processes. No use fertilisers in these meadows is allowable.


TEXT:
Cutting or melioration of surrounding forests should not be permitted.


TEXT:
Rapid meadow (esp. dry meadows) overgrowing is recorded in Moricsala. As a result a decrease of the diversity of habitats and specific plant species is observed. Rising of water level in the lake causes coastal eutrophication. The lake is also affected by chemical pollution due to agricultural run-off. No forest cutting should be allowed on the islands and within 0.5 km distance all around the lake.


TEXT:
Until now the territory is not hardly affected by human activities. In nearest future intensive forest exploitation or melioration can be expected.


TEXT:
Draining of bogs and surrounding forests cannot be allowed. Any kind of such activities will probably cause changes in level of groundwater and of the lake. This would negatively affect the whole protected area. No tree-cutting and hunting for beavers should be permitted in the forest belt around the bogs.


TEXT:
Threats include: amelioration of forests and bogs. The beavers must be preserved in the territory for water level maintenance.


TEXT:
Possible threats that should be prevented: a continuation of peat extraction from the bogs, excessive forest cutting, any kind of human activity (for example, straigtening of small rivers and streams) that could cause accelerated outflow of grounwaters, soil erosion.


TEXT:
Threats include water pollution. System of gravel pits lying close to the lake possibly can affect it's hydrological regime. However, intensive recultivation of these pits could affect the Natterjack population. Excessive building at coast around the lake should not be permitted. Forest cutting around the lake could have a negative impact on area' s biological diversity.


TEXT:
Economic activity, recreation, residential (scattered).


TEXT:
Economic activity, tourism, recreation, residential (scattered)


TEXT:
The polder system is affecting the hydrological and hydrochemical regime. The main threat is the pollution of the Nemunas River by wasterwater and agricultural runoff. Soon tourism is likely to become a threat.


TEXT:
Cutting of hollow trees, repair of old houses


TEXT:
Artificial regulation of river-bed, urbanization


TEXT:
Fishing, boating, recreation, economic activity


TEXT:
Forestry, land reclamation, residential (scattered)


TEXT:
Cutting of hollow trees, repair of old houses.


TEXT:
Land reclamation, hunting and shooting, economic activity.


TEXT:
Tourism and lesure, fall the water-level


TEXT:
People disturbance, cutting of hollow trees


TEXT:
In high need of restoration of former hydrological regime and prevention of air polllution from nearby placed industrial plants.


TEXT:
Economic activity, land reclamation, explotation of peat


TEXT:
Economic activity, land reclamation, recreation


TEXT:
Fishing, tourism, detrimental activity in adjacent areas


TEXT:
Economic activity, land reclamation in surrounding areas, recreation


TEXT:
There are no real threats, only succesional changes may influence the abundance of protected species.


TEXT:
Repair of old houses, disturbance by visiting people.


TEXT:
Economic activity, forestry, dams, farming, recreation


TEXT:
Repair of old houses, cutting of hollow trees


TEXT:
Recreation, economic activity in surrounded areas


TEXT:
Repair of church, negative attitude of people.


TEXT:
Forestry, land reclamation. There are too many asp.


