# European_Red_List_2017_December

redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information available on population size, trends and threats to the species. Future research may show that A. farinosa, which is endemic to Europe, warrants listing as threatened.

range:
The European endemic species Andrena farinosa is only known from France and Spain (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species, since this is apparently a rare species and there are very few specimens in collections.

habitat:
The species is assumed to be present in phryganic Mediterranean shrubland, at least in parts of its range. In Spain, the species has been predominantly found on Doryncium (Fabaceae) (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given      the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased   incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books             and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It      is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.      Further     research   is required to establish the details of the      population  size    and trends and to identify any    current or   likely threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends and general ecology. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena ferox is distributed from south and central Europe to the Caucasus region, Asia Minor (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk  et al. 2008, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014) and the Middle East in Syria and Jordan (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

population:
There is no information available for the population size and trend of this species, although populations are presumed to be small.

habitat:
Andrena ferox is mainly found in open, deciduous woodlands and mountain biotopes (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Else 2012). The species flies from April to May. The females collect pollen from Rosaceae (Crataegus oxyachanta, Prunus, Cerasus, Ribes grossularia), Quercianeae (Quercus robur) and Aceraceae (Acer pseudoplatanus) (Kocourek 1966, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Else 2012).

threats:
Andrena ferox is threatened by the loss of open oak woodland and adjacent unimproved open habitats as a consequence of intensive forestry and agricultural development. Scrub invasion in open areas and the shading out of sunny woodland rides and clearings could lead to a loss of suitable nesting sites. As a consequence of the species' communal nesting habits and its very localized occurrence at a site, populations are very easy to wipe out due to these disturbances (Falk 1991). The species is also affected by the use of pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following six European countries: Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994), Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008), Great Britain (Endangered; Shirt 1987), Netherlands (Near Threatened; Peeters and Reemer 2003) and Slovenia (Endangered; Anonymous 2002). There are no conservation actions in place for this species, and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range.  Falk (1991) proposes as management actions for this species to produce a variety of age classes and structural features (especially open rides and clearings) in woodlands in order to accommodate any subtle preferences that the bee might have, including areas with small scrubs, as well as shorter cropped areas, and the presence of spring flowering shrubs such as Crataegus may also be important. Any established management (e.g. grazing, cutting, etc) or disturbance that contribute to overall character and stability of a site and holds back succession should be continued, and where succession is a problem, the introduction of management on unmanaged sites should be considered.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed   as Least Concern as the species is widespread across much of the western Mediterranean  region, the populations seem stable and there are no clear current  threats to the species at a  continental scale. The populations in southern Iberia would be subject to a possible rescue effect from north Africa. However, research should be conducted to determine fuller  details of the population size, trends and ecology of the species.

range:
In Europe, Andrena ferrugineicrus is widespread across the western Mediterranean region and is known from the Iberian peninsula, France, Italy, and from most of the larger islands (except for Corsica). Outside of Europe, the species is found in the Maghreb, from Morocco eastwards to Libya (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, S. Roberts pers. obs. 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the overall population size or trend of this species. However, populations are presumed to be stable.

habitat:
Andrena ferrugineicrus is assumed to be present in phryganic Mediterranean  shrubland, at least in parts of its range. In the Iberian peninsula, the species has been recorded in the Mediterranean coastal area and central Spain (Warncke 1976), and in Italy in semi natural and agricultural sites, alluvial plains with parent material represented by alluvial deposits (Quaranta 2004). It has also been found in unimproved grasslands in the semi-arid zone in the Jbel Akhdar region of eastern Libya (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2002). The species has been observed mainly on flowers of yellow-flowered Brassicaceae species (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2002), including Hirschfeldia incana, Eruca vesicaria and Chrysanthemum coronarium in Ibiza (Hohmann 1984), Prunus dulcis in Spain (Ortiz-Sánchez and Tinaut 1993), and Moricandia cinerea, Brassica napus, Sinapis arvensis, Periderea fuscata in Algeria (Benarfa et al. 2014). Andrena ferrugineicrus flies from early April to the end of May (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to to this species remain unknown. However, given     the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased  incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. In agricultural areas, the species could be susceptible to the direct application of pesticides, and indirectly, through the use of herbicides which affect the forage plants. The species is  also recorded outside of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of  suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books     and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is  not   known if the species is found in any protected areas. Further  research   is required to establish the details of the population size, trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)         Listed      as Data Deficient  as there is little or no  information  available on   population size,      trends and threats. Future   research may show  that A. fertoni  requires listing in a threatened category within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena fertoni is only known from the Iberian peninsula. Outside of Europe, the species is reported from North Africa, from Morocco to Algeria.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species, although the paucity of specimens in collections suggests it is rare.

habitat:
The species is assumed to be present in phryganic Mediterranean  shrubland, at least in parts of its range. Andrena fertoni has also been recorded along the Mediterranean coast (Warncke 1976). It is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, on the subfamily Asteroidae (Asteraceae), and they have been recorded visiting exclusively yellow Asteroideae blossoms. It is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, and flies from the end of May to the end of June (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given      the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased   incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books      and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is   not   known if the species is found in any protected areas. Further   research   is required to establish the details of the population size   and trends, and to identify any   current or   likely threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range.

range:
Andrena figurata is present from southern and eastern Europe to the Caucasus region, Asia Minor, central Asia (western Kazakhstan) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014), Tadjikistan and Siberia (Novosibirsk) (Popov 1958).

population:
There is no information available for the population size and trend of this species, however the populations are presumed to be small.

habitat:
Andrena figurata prefers xerothermic habitats, and it has been found on fallow lands and uncultivated fields. In Ukraine, it is present on steppe areas.It is considered oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, and females forage especially on Brassicaceae (Erucastrum armoracioides, Lepidium draba, Sinapis arvensis, Sisymbrium loeselii, Sisymbrium orientale, Barbarea vulgaris, Barbarea arcuata) and rarely on Asteraceae (Achillea leptophylla), Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia), Fabaceae (Caragana arborescens) and Rosaceae (Potentilla humifisa) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. figurata may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species it is not included in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books of any European country and it is not target of any specific conservation actions. It occurs in protected areas, such as Istria-Sinoe Nature Reserve (Istria Fortress) in Romania (Ban and Tomozei 2006).Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient due to the gaps in knowledge of population size, trends, general ecology and specific threats. Further surveys are necessary in south-eastern Europe in order to establish the actual status of this species throughout its range, based on updated data recorded from the field.

range:
Andrena fimbriata is distributed primarily in south-eastern Europe. So far it has only been recorded from Macedonia (Warncke 1973), the Greek mainland (Brulle 1832, Warncke 1965a) and Bulgaria (Vasileva 1994).

population:
The majority of records are from the mainland of Greece, but there is no clear picture of either the size or trends of the population.

habitat:
The species has been found foraging upon Cardopatium corymbosum on Lesbos, Greece, and upon Trifolium purpureum in Israel (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2013). It flies from April to June. It can be assumed that the species inhabits Mediterranean-type Shrubland. Judging by the distribution, the species presumably prefers xeric habitats.

conservationAction:
Despite its general scarcity, the species is not subject to any targeted conservation action and is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. Further surveys are required to establish the current status of the species throughout its range, to identify the existing threats. The species is likely to be found in protected areas.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient due to its uncertain taxonomic status and the resulting gaps in knowledge of the population size, trends and specific threats. Further research is needed in order to establish the status of this species throughout its range, based on updated data recorded from field work.

range:
Andrena flavilabris has a disjunct distribution; being found through central and south western Europe but also in Crimea, Cyprus and Asia Minor.

population:
There is no information available on population size and trends of this species.

habitat:
Andrena flavilabris is found in mesophilous meadows and forest borders. It is a spring species, and in Germany, it flies from the end of April to the beginning of June on a variety of family plants, including Rosaceae, Brassicaceae, Aceraceae (Acer platanoides), Fabaceae (Hippocrepis comosa, Vicia) and Cornaceae (Cornus sanguinea) (Mandery et al. 2008).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. flavilabris may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. There are no conservation actions in place for this species, and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range. Further research should be conducted to determine its taxonomic status, the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread and it is quite common overall.

range:
Andrena flavipes is widely distributed through Europe, north Africa, Asia Minor, Near and Middle East and Central Asia eastwards to India, Nepal and China (Xu and Tadauchi 2008).

population:
Populations of A. flavipes are large and the species has expanded its range during around the past decade (Edwards 2002). This is the most frequent Andrena species in the south of Europe, representing 60 % of the records (Pesenko 1974).

habitat:
Andrena flavipes is considered one of the most common species of Andrena and it is found in a variety of open habitats, having a slight preference for clay-based or sandy soils, although these do not need to be acidic (Edwards 2002). These habitats include agricultural lands, woodlands, grasslands and rocky areas to a lesser extent.The species has two generations: the first one flies from April to May on Salicaeae (Salix), Asteraceae (Bellis perenis, Tusilago farfara), Rosaceae (Mallus, Pottentila verna), Lamiaceae (Lamium), Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus) and Scrophulariaceae (Veronica chamaedrys), while the second visits Asteraceae and Fabaceae species (Dylewska 1987).

threats:
Although the species is common, it may be a affected by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is not included in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books of any European countries. Due to its wide distribution the species occurs in many protected areas, but there are no conservation actions in place for this species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient EU 27 regional assessment: Data DeficientListed as Data Deficient due to the lack of data regarding the population size, trends and threats affecting this species. Further research is necessary in order to clarify the status of this species in its area of distribution.

range:
Andrena flavobila is recorded from eastern and south-eastern Europe to the Caucasus region, Asia Minor and Iran. In Europe, the species is recorded from Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Romania (Cerna-Macin National Park) (B. Tomozii pers. comm. 2013), the Greek mainland (Warncke 1965a, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and the island of Lesvos (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2013).In the Caucasus region, the species is recorded from Azerbaijan (Talysh Mountains, Diabar Basin) (Osytshnjuk 1977). In Asia, the species is recorded from Turkey (Warncke 1965b, 1974b, 1975; Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and the north of Iran (Karadagh) (Warncke 1965a, 1966b).

population:
This is a rare bee species. The sub-populations of this species are disjunct and the population overall is presumably small, but no details are available regarding either the total population size or trend.

habitat:
Andrena flavobila is a xero-thermophilous species, observed on roadsides and uncultivated fields. The species is found from open steppe areas to mountainous regions of the Caucasus. Females forage on Brassicaeae (Sisymbrium altissimum, Sinapis arvensis, Barbarea arcuata). It flies from the end of April to the end of June.

threats:
There are no specific threats documented for this species. Given the habitat of the species, it may be threatened by loss of suitable habitat through human intervention. Overuse of fertilizers and herbicide application, ploughing and re-seeding may damage and destroy some species of Brassicaeae. Overgrazing by sheep, cattle and horses, especially during the summer can adversely affect species-richness of ground flora. Scrub encroachment, when the grazing is absent, can result in a decline in the richness of typical flora species.

conservationAction:
The species is not subject to any targeted conservation action and is not found in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. Further research is required to establish the current status of the species throughout its range, and to identify the existing specific threats. This species was found in protected areas from Ukraine (Askaniya Nova Biosphere Reserve, Ukrainian Nature Steppe Reserve Kamennye Mohily) (Osytshnjuk 1977) and Romania (Cerna-Macin National Park) (B. Tomozii pers. comm. 2013).


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 28 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size and trends. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena florea is distributed from central and southern Europe to European Russia, the Caucasus region, Asia Minor, Central Asia (Turkmenistan) and north Africa (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Populations are known to be small, however there is no information available on the population trend of this species.

habitat:
Andrena florea is found in a variety of habitats including open grasslands, edges of heathlands, parklands, open clearings and the margins of woodland, scrublands, and roadside verges where its preferred species of Bryonia is present (Else 2001). It has also been observed in urban areas in Poznan, Poland (Banaszak-Cibicka 2013). The species has a mutualistic association with Bryonia dioica, and a requirement for bare or sparsely vegetated sandy soil in sunny situations (Falk 1991). It is a typical monolectic species, flying in one generation from late May to June or July on Bryonia alba L. and Bryonia dioica Jacq. Males have been found on Asteraceae (Hieracium), Boraginaceae (Echium vulgare) and Rosaceae (Rubus, Crataegus oxyachanta) (Dylewska 1987, Else 2001).

threats:
This species is affected by habitat losses as a consequence of agriculture, development and intensive forestry. Changes in land use result into scrub encroachment and loss of foraging and nesting areas, and an excessive removal of scrub and hedges could lead to a loss of Bryonia species (Falk 1991).

conservationAction:
Andrena florea is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following three European countries: Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994), Great Britain (Rare; Shirt 1987) and Slovenia (Vulnerable; Anonymous 2002). The species is also included into the Wild Bees Action Plans in Switzerland (Neumeyer 2004). It occurs in protected areas in Hungary, such as the Landscape protected area of Boronka-melléki (Jozan 1992). There are no conservation actions in place for this species.  Falk (1991) proposes to maintain a good level of Bryonia species together with plenty of sandy areas (e.g. paths, south facing banks and slopes) in sunny nesting areas. Any established management (e.g., grazing, cutting) or disturbance that contributes to the overall character and stability of the sites and hold back succession should be continued, and where succession is a problem, the introduction of management on unmanaged sites should be considered. Light trampling by walkers or occasional vehicle use will be important in maintaining sandy patches in paths and tracks, which appear to be the preferred nesting sites for the species. Further research should be conducted to determine the population trends of the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)          Listed      as Data Deficient  as there is little or no   information  available on   population size,      trends and specific threats. Future   research may show  that A. florentina  requires listing in a threatened category within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena florentina is a species of the western Mediterranean and it ranges through the Iberian peninsula, Italy and Sicily. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Maghreb, from Morocco eastwards to Tunisia.

habitat:
Andrena florentina is assumed to be present in phryganic Mediterranean   shrubland, at least in parts of its range. The species has been recorded at  flowers of Bellis perennis (Asteraceae) and Brassicae rapa (Brassicaceae) (Schmiedeknecht 1882). Other observations in Algeria include Senecio leucanthemifolia (Warncke 1967), Brassica fructiculosa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sinapis arvensis and Senecio nebrodensis (Benarfa et al. 2014), and Prunus dulcis in Spain (Ortiz-Sánchez and Tinaut 1993). In Sicily, Andrena florentina males are pollinators of Ophrys panormitana (Paulus 1997). The males of A. florentina fly in March, and the females fly from mid-March to the end of April (Warncke 1976, Pittioni et al. 2014). Warncke (1976) reported a female collected in November, suggesting that the species is probably partially bivoltine.

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given       the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is  presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased    incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books       and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is    not   known if the species is found in any protected areas. Further    research   is required to establish the details of the population size    and trends and to identify any    current or   likely threats.


range:
Andrena floricola is found through Europe, the Caucasus region, Asia Minor and the Urals (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

habitat:
Andrena floricola is found in a variety of habitats, preferring the mesophilous ones, including lowland and alpine grasslands, forest borders and clearings. It is also present on steppe areas in valleys and plantations, and steppe forests in mountainous regions, such as Crimea and the Caucasus region. The species has two generations flying from April to August on Brassicaceae (Isatis tinctoria, Arabidopsis thaliana, Capsella bursa pastoris, Brassica, Berteroa incana, Alyssum tortuosum, A. desertorum, Raphanus), Apiaceae (Anethum graveolens, Daucus), Scrophulariaceae (Veronica chamaedrys), Salicaceae (Salix) and Asteraceae (Taraxacum officinale) (Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk 1977).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. floricola may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following four European countries: Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008), Great Britain (Endangered; Shirt 1987) and Slovenia (Endangered; Anonymous 2002). There are no conservation actions in place for this species.  It occurs in protected areas, such as Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area in Hungary (Jozan 2003).Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)Listed as Least Concern because it is widely distributed although the sub-populations are somewhat scattered. In the eastern part of its range, the species can be plentiful in suitable habitats, so overall it is assumed that the population is fairly large. However the threats to the species are unknown, so further research is needed to identify if there are any major threats.

range:
Andrena florivaga is distributed across central continental Europe, the Caucasus region (Daghestan, Azerbaijan) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008), Russia (Ural) (Eversmann 1852, Lykov 2004) to Asia Minor (Warncke 1974b), Kazakhstan (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008) and Bashkiria (Nikiforuk 1957).In Europe, the species is recorded from France (Warncke et al. 1974), Germany (Blüthgen 1914; Stoeckhert 1933, 1954), Austria (Pittioni and Schmidt 1943), Italy (Piatti and d’Albore 2006), Slovenia (Gogala 1999), Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia (Kocourek 1966), Hungary (Moczar and Warncke 1972), Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977), Romania (Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980) and European Russia.Blüthgen (1914) records Andrena florivaga from the Balkan Peninsula, but it is not clear if the records came from Greece or nearby countries (Warncke 1965a).

population:
Population size and trends are unknown. The species has a large extent of occurrence (EOO), but a significantly smaller area of occupancy (AOO) as the sub-populations are somewhat scattered. In the eastern part of its range, the species can be plentiful in suitable habitats, so overall is is assumed that the population is fairly large.

habitat:
Andrena florivaga prefers xeric habitats of plains and mountains up to altitudes of 2,000 m (Talysh Mt. Caucasus). It is also found on steppic areas and uncultivated fields. The species flies from April to May and June in southern Europe (Osytshnjuk 1977, Gogala 1999). It is a polylectic species, in that its takes pollen from a wide variety of plants, and the females forage on flowers of Rosaceae (Potentilla humifusa), Liliaceae (Tulipa ophiophylla), Ranunculaceae (Paeonia tepuifoia, Ranunculus sp.), Plantaginaceae (Veronica sp.), Brassicaceae (Sinapis arvensis, Sisymbrium loeselii, Lepidium draba, Erucastrum armuracioides, Isatis tinctoria, Barbarea arcuata), Asteraceae (Taraxacum officinale) (Pittioni and Schmiedt 1943, Osytshnjuk 1977). It nests in burrows in the ground (Westrich 1989) and is host to the cleptoparasitic bee, Nomada guttulata (Kocourek 1966).

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists of the following two European countries: Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005) and Slovenia (Rare; Anonymous 2002). The species is found on protected areas in Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977).Further research is required to identify the ecology and existing threats for this species and to establish the overall population size and trends.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed    as Least Concern as the species is widespread across much of the central and southeastern Mediterranean  region, the population seems stable and there are  no clear current  threats to the species at a  continental scale. The  populations in the eastern Aegean would be subject to a possible rescue  effect from Aegean Turkey. However, research should be conducted to determine further details of the population size and trends of  the species.

range:
Andrena forsterella occurs in southern Europe, from central and southern Italy (Fauna Italia checklist 2013) to Greece and Cyprus (Schonitzer et al. 1995, Grace 2010). Outside of Europe, the species is reported from Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Lebanon and Israel.

population:
There is no information available on the population size of this species. However, the species is widespread throughout the southern Mediterranean and the population is presumed to be stable.

habitat:
The species is assumed to be present in phryganic Mediterranean    shrubland, at least in parts of its range. In Israel, it has been found foraging at flowers of Sinapis alba (Brassicaceae) (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2000); while in Turkey it has been recorded on Coridothymus cupidatus (Warncke 1967), Salix sp., Prunus sp., Trifolium spp. (Özbek 1976) and Onobrychis viciifolia (Özbek 2011). The species has also been observed on Medicago and Eryngium in Nakhichevan (Maharramov 2009) and in Centaurea solstitialis and Cardopatium corymbosum in Lesbos (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Andrena forsterella is bivoltine, in that it has two generations per year, and flies from mid-April to early June, and from early July to mid-August (Warncke 1974b, Schonitzer et al. 1995).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The species is also recorded outside of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books        and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas. Further     research   is required to establish the population  size    and trends and to identify any    current or   likely threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data Deficient  as there is little or no    information  available on   population size,      trends and threats to the species. In addition to this, there are taxonomic issues to be resolved which may have led to identification problems in the past. Future   research may show   that A. freygessneri warrants listing as threatened within Europe.

range:
Andrena freygessneri is a European endemic species, and it is only known from the alpine regions of France, mainland Italy, southern Switzerland and Austria (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). There are also records from the species in Czech Republic and Germany, but its presence in these countries needs to be confirmed, as these records might correspond to Andrena simillima.

habitat:
Andrena freygessneri is an alpine species which, in Switzerland, is found between 1,400 m asl and 1,930 m asl. It is presumed to be associated with temperate alpine grasslands. Amiet et al. (2010) suggest that the species may be oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plants, specializing on species of Sempervivum (Crassulaceae), and indeed in Austria it has been recorded collecting pollen predominantly on Sempervivum montanum (Ebmer 2003a, 2003b). In Switzerland, floral records include a preference for Saxifraga aizoides (Frey-Gessner 1904).Andrena freygessneri is a univoltine species, flying as a single generation from mid-June to the end of August (Amiet et al. 2010).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books         and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It  is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.  Further     research   is required to establish the details of the  population  size    and trends and to identify any    current or   likely threats. The taxonomic issues associated with this species also require further clarification.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information available on its population size, trends, habitats and threats. Future research may show that this rare Spanish endemic species warrants listing as threatened within Europe.

range:
Andrena fria is a very rare Spanish endemic species (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There are very few records of this species, so it is assumed to be rare within its very restricted range. There is no detailed information available on the population size or trend of this species.

habitat:
Andrena fria is recorded from southern and central Spain from early April to early May (Warncke 1976). E. Scheuchl (unpublised data, pers. comm. 2014) has found the species exclusively on yellow Brassicaceae. There is no information available on the habitat of this species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland..

threats:
The threats to Andrena fria remain unknown.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books          and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It   is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.   Further     research   is required to establish the details of the   population  size, trends, habitats and threats to the species.


range:
Andrena fucata is distributed from Europe to the Caucasus region, Asia Minor, Central Asia (Kazachstan) (Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014) and Siberia in Oblast Kemerowo (Eremeeva et al. 2009a, Eremeeva et al. 2009b) and Transbaikalia (Proshchalykin 2010).

habitat:
Andrena fucata prefers humid habitats (mesophilous grasslands, woodlands, heaths, moors and coastal dunes) up to 1,500 m asl in the Carpathians and 2,000 m asl in the Alps (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Else 2005). The species nests in soil on mountainous slopes with southern exposure and forest edges (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005). It has one generation flying from May to July, exceptionally until early August. The species is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species. The species was recorded in Poland on flowers of 37 plant species from 16 families, with preference towards Rosaceae (48%), Asteraceae (14%), Brassicaceae (7%) and Apiaceae (5%).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. fucata may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through intensive forestry, changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following two European countries: Ireland (Endangered; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006) and Slovenia (Endangered; Anonymous 2002). There are no conservation actions in place for this species, and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)Listed  as Not Applicable as the only European record (and subpopulation) of the species is from the Italian island of Pantelleria, which is most  likely to represent less than 1% of the global population. The species is elsewhere found across the Maghreb, from Morocco to Tunisia.

range:
In Europe, Andrena fuliginata is only known from a single record by Pagliano (1994) who mentions one female, collected in April 1985 on the island of Pantelleria, which politically belongs to Italy, but is closer to the Tunisian coast than to Sicily. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Maghreb, from Morocco eastwards to Tunisia. There are no other European records (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

habitat:
Little is known about the habitat or ecology of this species although in Pantelleria, it is presumed to be associated with phryganic Mediterranean shrublands.

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given      the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased   incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The species is  also recorded outside  of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of  suitable habitat are  presumed to remain within the species' geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is not included in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and it is not target of any specific conservation actions. It is not known if it occurs in protected areas throughout its range. Further research is required to establish the details of the population size and trends, and to identify any specific threats. Research should also be conducted into the ecology to this species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered extinct in Ireland.

range:
Andrena fulva is distributed through central and southern Europe eastwards to Romania and Bulgaria (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

habitat:
Andrena fulva occurs in various habitats, including open grasslands, chalk lowlands, pastures, parks and gardens and occasionally open woodlands. The species flies from April to May and it is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species. The females collect pollen from flowers of the Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Salicaceae, Aceraceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Boraginaceae and Vacciniaceae families. In Poland, the species has been recorded on flowers of 39 plant species from 17 families, preferably Rosaceae (25%), Saxifragaceae (22%), Brassicaceae (8%), Asteraceae, Berberidaceae, Salicaceae (6-8%) and Ericaceae (5%). They nest in large aggregations in the soils of gardens, squares, road walks and roadsides (Else 2005, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. fulva may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through intensive forestry, changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists of Ireland (Regionally Extinct; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006). There are no conservation actions in place for this species, and it occurs in the protected area of Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


range:
In Europe, Andrena fulvago is found up to 60°N, while in the southern area it is only present in mountainous regions up to 2,000 m asl (in the Alps). Elsewhere, it occurs in the Caucasus region, the Ural mountains and northern Turkey (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species since most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena fulvago occurs in humid biotopes (woods, mesophilous meadows and alpine meadows). The species flies from May to July on flowers of Asteraceae (Hieracium, Taraxacum, Leontodon, Senecio, Crepis, Hypochoeris). It nests in sandy soils, in small aggregations. Grünwaldt et al. (1939) found the nests in the various soil on forest edges, meadows, planes and mountains (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005). According to Grünwaldt et al. (1939), in north of Latvia, the species nests on sandy slopes of southern exposure. A colony area of ​​six square meters, consisting of about 50 nests, was observed on a slope covered by meadow vegetation and moss (Osytshnjuk 1977).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. fulvago may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through intensive forestry, changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following six European countries: Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2008), Great Britain (Rare; Shirt 1987), Netherlands (Endangered; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Norway (Vulnerable; Kålås et al. 2010), Sweden (Near Threatened; Gärdenfors 2010) and Finland (Critically Endangered; Rassi et al. 2010). There are no conservation actions in place for this species.  It occurs in protected areas, such as Nemira Mountains Nature Reserve and Ceahlau National Park in Romania (B. Tomozii pers. comm. 2014).Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient due to the gaps in knowledge of population size, trends and specific threats. Further surveys are necessary in order to establish the actual status of this species throughout its range, based on new updated data recorded from field work, most of the published records being old and coming from disparate sources.

range:
Andrena fulvata is a European species distributed through south and central Europe to eastern Europe (Romania) (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. The few existing published records, synthesized by Rasmont et al. (2013), are over 20 years old.

habitat:
Andrena fulvata is found in meadows, alpine grasslands and shrublands up to 1,700 m asl in the Alps (Schmid-Egger 2011). The species has a single generation that flies from May to June. It is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, including flowers of Asteraceae (Taraxacum, Tussilago), Brassicaceae (Brassica rapa), Fabaceae (Cytisus), Polygonaceae (Rumex acetosella), Rhamnaceae (Rhamnus cathartica), Salicaceae (Salix), Ranunculaceae (Anemone nemorosa), Rosaceae (Fragaria vesca) and Scrophulariaceae (Veronica chamaedrys) (Kocourek 1966).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. fulvata may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is not included in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books of any European country. It has been found in Alpi Marittime Park (Piemonte, Italy) (Schmid-Egger 2011).Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient due to the lack of existing information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species and previous taxonomic issues. Further research is needed in order to establish the status of this species throughout its range, based on updated data recorded from field work.

range:
Andrena fulvicornis is distributed through the Iberian Peninsula and central Europe. Elsewhere, the species is found in Asia Minor (Schmid-Egger and Doczkal 1995).

habitat:
Andrena fulvicornis is a xerotermophilic species found in dry habitats, including old vineyards, xerotherm dry slopes and hay meadows. The species has two generations; the first one flying from the end of April to mid June, and the second one from early July to late August. The species is presumably oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, on species from the Apiaceae family. The summer generation forages mainly on Heracleum sphondylium, Anthriscus sylvestrism, Falcaria vulgaris and Daucus carota (Schmid-Egger and Doczkal 1995).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. fulvicornis may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. There are no conservation actions in place for this species, and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range. Further research should be conducted to determine the taxonomic status, population size and trends, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT)EU 27 regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT)Listed as Near Threatened because although the area of occupancy (AOO) is unknown, it is likely to be around 2,000 km2, and there is a decline in the extent of heathland in the distribution range of the species, thus the species is close to qualify as Vulnerable under Criterion B2.

range:
A trans-Palearctic species, and in Europe it is a member of the boreo-montane element of the bee fauna. The range extends to the far east of Russia.The species is absent from Croatia according to Józan (2011) although it has been listed in Gusenleitner and Schwartz (2002). The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 3,217,824 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is unknown, but is likely to be around 2,000 km2.

population:
An uncommon species. Details of its overall population strength are not known, but as the species has not been found in Poland since 1970, and carries threat statuses in five other countries it is likely that the population trend shows a decline.

habitat:
A species of open woodlands, woodland rides and heathlands. The flight period is from late May to July. Nests are believed to be constructed singly in sunny places in open sites within its habitat. A polylectic species. Finnish flower records are of: Rubus (Rosacaea) and Rhamnus (Rhamnaceae) (Söderman and Leinonen 2003). Peeters and Reemer (2003) also list Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) as a forage source.

threats:
In general, heathland sites may be subject to scrub and woodland development as part of the succession process. If woodland and tree cover shade out nesting sites, the habitat will become unsuitable for this species.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of Switzerland (Near Threatened; Amiet 1994), Czech Republic (Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich 2011), Netherlands (Endangered; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Slovenia (Vulnerable; Anonymous 2002). The species is known from protected areas.Further research is required to establish the trends and status across the entire range of the species. Appropriate management of sites to prevent succession is important.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern in view of the wide distribution and overall large population. However, further research into the specific threats affecting this species is necessary.

range:
Andrena fulvitarsis is distributed across much of southern and south-eastern Europe and Asia. In Europe it is recorded in Croatia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), the Slovenian border, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Warncke 1966), Bulgaria (Warncke 1967), Italy (Warncke 1967,  Priore 1982, Fauna Italia checklist 2013, Comba 2007), Sicily (Priore 1982), Macedonia (Warncke 1967, 1974b) and Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977, Gromenko et al. 2009).

population:
There is no detailed information on the size of the population or the trends. However, given the large extent of occurrence (EOO) and the regularity with which the species has appeared in ecological survey work (in Lesvos and Attiki) it is assumed to have a large population.

habitat:
A species found in a variety of warm, dry habitats; from sandy coastal regions, Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities to open pasture woodland. Andrena fulvitarsis is recorded visiting Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae. The species flies from April to June.

threats:
Details of specific threats are unknown, however, given the habitats this species frequents, general threats would include inappropriate grazing regimes in Mediterranean shrublands and tourist infrastructure development on coastal sand dune systems.

conservationAction:
The species does not appear on any National Red List or Red Data Book, and is not subject to any targeted conservation action. The species occurs in protected areas. Further research into the distribution, trends and threats are necessary.

useAndTrade:
This species is not exploited commercially.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data Deficient  as there  is little or no    information  available on   population size,      trends or     threats,   and  further  information is   necessary on both  the      habitat and   ecological   requirements. Future   research may show    that A. fumida requires listing in a threatened category within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena fumida is apparently only known from Sicily and the southernmost part of the Italian mainland. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs across the Maghreb, from Morocco eastwards to Tunisia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
The species is assumed to be present in phryganic Mediterranean shrubland. Further details on the habitat or ecology of this species are not known.

threats:
The specific threats to Andrena fumida remain unknown. However, given       the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is  presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased    incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The  species is  also recorded outside  of Europe, and sufficiently large  areas of  suitable habitat are  presumed to remain within the species'  geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books            and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It     is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.     Further     research   is required to establish the details of the     population  size    and  overall  trends, in addition to developing a     fuller  understanding  of   the   ecological requirements of the species     and  identifying any    current or   likely threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information available on population size, trends, habitats and threats. Future research may show that this rare endemic Spanish species requires listing as a threatened species.

range:
Andrena funerea is a Spanish endemic species and is apparently only known from central Spain (Warncke 1976).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, since there are very few records of this species, it is assumed to be rare within its very restricted range.

habitat:
The species has been reported from Lavandula stoechas (Lamiaceae) (Warncke 1976) and Brassicaceae (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Andrena funerea is a bivoltine species (Warncke 1976), in that it has two generations per year. The males fly from early April to mid-May, and from the end of May to June. The females fly from the end of April to the end of May, and from early June to early July. Its habitat requirements remain unknown, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.

threats:
The threats to Andrena funerea remain unknown.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books           and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It    is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.    Further     research   is required to establish the details of the    population  size, trends, habitat and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient due to the gaps in knowledge of population size. Further surveys are necessary in order to establish the actual status of this species throughout its range, as most of the published records are old and from disparate sources.

range:
Andrena fuscipes is distributed from Europe to the Caucasus region (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014), Uzbekistan (Vorontsovskiy 1932) and Kazakhstan (Ponomareva 1962).

population:
There is no current information available on the population size and trend of this species. Most of the published records are more than 20 years old.

habitat:
Andrena fuscipes occurs in Central Europe in xerothermic habitats, especially in heathlands (Exeler et al. 2010), while in eastern Europe (Ukraine, European Russia) it is found in humid, mainly wooded biotopes (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005). This is a late summer species flying from July to September. The females collect pollen especially from Ericaceae (Calluna vulgaris), but it was also found on Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae and Oenotherraceae species (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005). It is considered strongly specialized on heather (Calluna vulgaris) (Exeler et al. 2010).

threats:
In Central Europe, the fragmentation and reduction of heathland is considered one of the major threats for Andrena fuscipes (Exeler et al. 2010), as this habitat is threatened by changes in land use, increasing nutrient deposition and rapid succession by shrubs and trees (Sedláková and Chytrý 1999). Also, Andrena fuscipes may be exposed to chemical treatments with herbicides and pesticides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following five European countries: Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Near Threatened; Westrich et al. 2008), Ireland (Vulnerable; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006), Netherlands (Vulnerable; Peeters and Reemer 2003) and Slovenia (Endangered; Anonymous 2002). It occurs in protected areas, especially those overlapping with heathland areas in Germany (B. Tomozei pers. comm. 2014).It is also included into the List of Invertebrate species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in Northern Ireland, which is found within the Wildlife and Natural Environment Act of Northern Ireland (2011).  Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, distribution and trends.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data Deficient as there is little or no information available on the population size,     trends and threats to the species. Future  research may show that this species, which has an extremely restrictive range in Europe, warrants listing with  a threatened status within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena fuscocalcarata is only known from the Aegean island of Lesvos (Grace 2010). A female has also been collected in Bulgaria (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Outside of Europe, the species is reported from Turkey, Armenia and Israel (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. It is likely that only a very small proportion of the global population is found in Europe.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat of this   species, although it is associated with phryganic   Mediterranean shrublands, both in Lesvos and in the Mt. Carmel massif in Israel (C. O'Toole pers. comm. 2000).Andrena fuscocalcarata distinctly prefers Centaurea cyanoides as a pollen source in Turkey and Israel (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014) and in Samos (A. Ebmer pers. comm. 2014). Warncke (1974b) and Özbek (1976) also recorded only flower visits of Centaurea. However, several females have also been recorded in Turkey collecting pollen from Papaver sp. (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). In Israel, it has also been reported on Picris sp. (Asteraceae) and Vicia hybrida (Fabaceae) (S. Roberts pers. comm. 2014).The details of the flight period and forage preferences in Europe are not well known, but in Israel the species is active early in the year, flying in March and April.

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given    the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known to    inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased  incidence of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The species is also recorded outside of Europe, and areas of suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic range.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species, since most of the published records are now old and come from disparate sources and it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena fuscosa is distributed through southern and central Europe, north Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and central and southern Asia, specifically in India (Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Although populations are presumed to be large, there is no clear information regarding their size and trend. Most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena fuscosa occurs in xeric biotopes, through plains and mountains up to 2,000 m asl, such as the Pamir Mountains. The species is bivoltine, in that it has two generations per year, from May to mid September. The females collect pollen from various families, preferring Brassicaceae and Apiaceae, but also Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Valerianaceae (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. fuscosa may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of Switzerland (Critically Endangered; Amiet 1994) and Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005). It is found in protected areas, such as the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977), Parco dell'Etna in Sicily, Italy, and in the Natura 2000 site Pineta de Adrano e Biancavilla (Puglisi et al. 2012). It is also present in the Macin Mountains National Park, Romania (Ban and Tomozei 2006).Further research should be conducted on population taxonomy, size, distribution and trend, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT)EU 27 regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT)Listed as Near Threatened because this species has disappeared from many countries and is in significant decline (but probably at a rate of 20-25 % over ten years), based on direct observation on the field and a decline on the area of occupancy (AOO), extent of occurrence (EOO) and extent of the habitat due to anthropogenic activities such as mowing grass during the flowering of key plants, pesticides, and the ploughing of land of which there are nests of bees. Thus the species is close to qualifying as Vulnerable under Criterion A2ac.

range:
Andrena gallica is a Palearctic species that is widely distributed, although rare, throughout Europe from Iberia to eastern European countries such as Ukraine and European Russia, and from Sweden to Italy in the south.  Outside of Europe, it has been found from the Caucasus to south Siberia to Baikal.

population:
In many regions of Europe, for which data are present, the populations of Andrena gallica have declined sharply in the last ten years. Based on direct observation in the field (V. Radchenko pers. obs. 2013), and the lack of recent data from much of the rest of its range, it is suspected that there has been a decline in the region of 20-25% in the last ten years. Moreover in some European countries this species has completely disappeared, such as in Sweden and Hungary (Linkowski et al. 2004, Jozan 2011), thus reducing the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO).

habitat:
Andrena gallica occupies different biotopes from xeric to humid such as flood plain meadows, alpine meadows, xeric mountain slope, and forest glades. In the mountains, it is found at altitudes up to 1,500 m (Warncke 1966b). This species shows selectivity in the choice of sites for settlement in that it builds solitary nests in hard sandy soils or creates small aggregations. The nests of A. gallica are parasitized by Nomada italica and Nomada marshamella (Stöckhert 1933, Kocourek 1966). The species flies from April to the end of August. In the southern part of its distribution, it has two generations.   It is a polylectic species, in that it visits a large variety flowers of various plants such as Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae, Lythraceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Salicaceae, Geraniaceae, Liliaceae, and Valerianaceae species (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).

threats:
The main threat to this species is the sharp reduction in the number of natural habitats. These areas are exposed to damaging anthropogenic activities such as mowing grass during the flowering of key plants, the treatment of fields with pesticides, and the ploughing of land on which there are nests of bees.  Another possible reason for the decrease in this species could be due to the increased amount of rainfall, caused by global climate change as this species prefers to build nests in dry, sandy soils.

conservationAction:
It is included in the following national or regional Red Lists or Red Data Books: Germany as Endangered (Westrich et al. 2008, 2011), and in Red Data List of Free State of Saxony as Regionally Extinct (Burger et al. 2004), in the Czech Republic as Critically Endangered (Farkač et al. 2005), in Sweden as Regionally Extinct (Linkowski et al. 2004), in Hungary as Regionally Extinct (Józan 2011).Also this species included in some regional Red Data Books, for example, in Ryazan region of Russia and Volyn region of Ukraine.Now this species is found only in some nature reserves: the Doñana Biological Reserve in Spain (Melián et al. 2009), the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve, and the Nature Reserve, Galich’ya Gora in Russia.It is recommended to conserve suitable open grassland habitats, nesting sites in open, sandy soil and the forage plants of this species.Further research is required to establish the current status of the species throughout its range and to identify the existing threats and trends.

useAndTrade:
This species is not traded or exploited commercially, but is valued as a pollinator of different plants, including a variety of agricultural crops.

redListAssessors:
Michez, D., Kemp, J.R., Nieto, A., Patiny, S., Radchenko, V. & Roberts, S.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)              Listed      as Data Deficient  as  there  is little or no    information  available on   population size,       trends and specific threats,   and  further  information is   necessary on  both  the      habitat and   ecological   requirements of the species. Future    research may show    that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena gamskrucki is only known from Macedonia, mainland Greece and the east Aegean islands of Lesvos, Chios and Limnos (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Outside of Europe, the species is reported from Turkey and Jordan (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its restricted range.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat or ecology of  this   species. However, it is associated with phryganic   Mediterranean  shrublands in Lesvos (S. Roberts pers. comm 2002). Several females have been collected on Hypericum procumbens in Jordan (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). The details of the flight period and  forage preferences are not known, but the species is active  early in the year, flying from March to May (Warncke 1974b).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities it is known to inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased incidence of fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books           and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It    is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.    Further     research   is required to establish the details of the    population  size    and trends and to develop a    fuller  understanding  of   the   ecological requirements of the species and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) Listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species, since most of the published records are old and come from disparate sources and it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena gelriae is distributed through Europe, the Caucasus region and Asia Minor (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014). Its distribution is disjunct, since there are also many records from the Region Chabarowsk, Amur Oblast, Primorje Kraj, Jakutien and Oblast Irkutsk, Russia, in numerous publications (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

population:
There is no information available for the population size and trend of this species, since most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena gelriae occurs especially in moist habitats, although it has also been found on xerothermic swards in Poland, steppe forests and areas in Ukraine. The species flies in two generations from May to August, visiting a variety of flowering plants, such as Adoxaceae  (Sambucus), Asteraceae (Leucanthemum vulgare), Boraginaceae (Symphytum), Brassicaceae (Brassica nigra), Fabaceae (Melitotus, Vicia, Trifolium, Medicago, Anthylis vulneraria, Lathyrus montanus, Cytisus, Lotus corniculatus), Scrophulariaceae (Veronica) and Rosaceae (Potentilla) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Banaszak et al. 2006).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. gelriae may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following five European countries: Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994), Czech Republic (Vulnerable; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2008), Netherlands (Critically Endangered; Peeters and Reemer 2003) and Sweden (Critically Endangered; Gärdenfors 2010). Andrena gelriae has its own Species Action Plan in Sweden. Its distribution overlaps with protected areas.Further research should be conducted regarding the species' taxonomy status, the population size, distribution and trends and threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)               Listed      as Data Deficient  as   there  is little or no    information  available on   population size,        trends and threats,   and  further  information is   necessary on   both  the      habitat and the ecological   requirements of the species. Future     research may show    that this rare species requires listing as threatened within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena glandaria is only known from a handful of the southernmost of the east Aegean Islands and the Peloponnese (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014, leg. Ebmer). Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in south and eastern Turkey and Israel (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its restricted European range.

habitat:
Little is known about the habitat and ecology of this species, although it is presumably associated with phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in the Greek islands. Andrena glandaria flies from the end of April to early June (Warncke 1974b).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given     the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased  incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The species is also recorded outside of Europe, and areas of suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books            and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It     is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.     Further     research   is required to establish the details of the     population  size    and trends, to developing a better understanding  of   the   ecological requirements of the species     and to identify any    current or   likely threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data Deficient  as    there  is little or no    information  available on the population size,         trends and threats to the species. Future      research may show    that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena glidia is only known from the southern Balkans, the islands of the Aegean Sea, Crete and Cyprus. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in southern coastal Turkey (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and Israel (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

habitat:
Andrena glidia is presumably associated with phryganic    Mediterranean   shrublands. It is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plant species, including Erica, Hedera, Leontodon, Reichardia, Crocus and Sternbergia species, and it nests in small to large aggregations up to several hundreds nests (Standfuss et al. 2011). The species is bivoltine, with the first generation flying from April to May and the second generation from September to November. Warncke (1974b) mentioned one female collected in mid-November, and other specimens of the second generation have also been collected from Greek mainland, Crete and Israel (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books             and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It      is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.      Further     research   is required to establish the details of the      population  size    and trends and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data Deficient  as     there  is little or no    information  available on   population size,          trends and threats. Future       research may show    that this rare species requires listing in a threatened category within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena gordia is only known from Cyprus. Outside of Europe, the species is known from southern Turkey.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its very restricted European range.

habitat:
The species is presumably associated with phryganic     Mediterranean   shrublands. Andrena gordia, in common with other members of the sub-genus Chlorandrena, is presumed to be oligolectic, specialising in collecting Asteraceae pollen. Andrena gordia flies in April (Warncke 1974b).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given       the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is  presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased    incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books              and is not the subject to any targeted conservation action. It       is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the details of the       population  size    and  overall  trends and to identify its specific threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Andrena graecella is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends, general ecology and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine its status.

range:
Andrena graecella has been recorded in Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece (Warncke 1965a, 1973, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Rasmont et al. 2013), Hungary, Romania (Móczár and Warncke 1972), Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977) and Italy (Warncke 1967).

habitat:
The species is presumed to prefer xeric habitats and, while there is no information available regarding its life history and ecology of the species, Warncke (1965) collected some specimens during April.

conservationAction:
This species it is not included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of any European countries. It is not known if it occurs in protected areas and there are no conservation actions in place for A. graecella. There is a need for research in order to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)From Europe, this species is known from the old data that was received about 50 years ago. Therefore, there are insufficient data to evaluate it. Further research is needed to determine the population status, trends and threats to this species.

range:
In Europe, this rare species is only known from eight localities in Cyprus: Amathus, Ayia, Phyla, Limassol, Pissouri, Pygos, Saettas, Sina (Warncke 1974).Andrena grandilabris was originally described from Mardin in the south-eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In Asia this species is also found in Israel (Warncke 1969, Potts et al. 2005), Lebanon and Iran (Gusenleitner and Schwartz 2002).

population:
This species is known only from eight localities in Cyprus. All of this material was collected before 1960. There is no information available on the current population trend and status of this species in Cyprus.

habitat:
Andrena grandilabris flies from April to May. It is a polylectic species and is known to visit a very wide range of plants (Potts et al. 2005). Any data about the trophic links of this species in Europe are absent and its nesting behaviour is unknown. Outside Europe, the species is closely associated with Mediterranean shrublands (phrygana and maquis).

threats:
The threats to this species remain unknown, although in the National Reserve on Mt. Carmel (Israel) Andrena grandilabris is one of the dominant species (Potts et al. 2005).

conservationAction:
A thorough search for this species in Cyprus and further afield should be performed in order to determine the population status, trends and threats to this species. It is not known if the species occurs in protected areas in Europe.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread and has a large EOO and AOO. However, the species is severely declining at least in parts of its range, and there is also a presumed decline in the habitat quality in the Mediterranean region. Furthermore, the eastern subpopulation is disjunct so that  there is little chance of genetic exchange between this and the other subpopulations. Andrena granulosa is not declining fast enough to qualify for a higher category of threat, but further research should be conducted in order to clarify the status of the species throughout its range.

range:
A widespread species in Europe, Andrena granulosa is known from Portugal northeastwards to the Czech Republic, and sporadically eastwards to northwestern mainland Greece. Outside of Europe, the species occurs in the western Maghreb in Morocco. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 2,483,173.91 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 3,080.00 km2.

population:
There is no information available on the overall population size of the species. The population appears to be decreasing. The species is clearly very rare in Germany and the Czech Republic, and the subpopulation in northern Greece is highly disjunct and likely to be genetically isolated from the western and central European subpopulations.

habitat:
Quaranta et al. (2004) found the species in semi-natural and agricultural environments in Italy. It is also presumed to inhabit phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in part of its range. Andrena granulosa is presumed to be polylectic, in that it forages upon a wide range of flowering plant species, and it is known to forage on Helianthemum (Cistaceae), Thymus (Lamiaceae) and Sedum species (Crassulaceae). However, in central Europe the species is strictly oligolectic on Helianthemum (Westrich 1989), and in the Mediterranean region maybe on other Cistaceae species. As Helianthemum does not provide nectar to pollinators, A. granulosa has to visit other flowers, and this is the reason why the impression of the species being polylectic has been created (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). The species is regarded as univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, flying from the end of March to mid-May (Warncke 1976) in the Iberian peninsula, and into June and early July elsewhere (Westrich 1989).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given      the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known  to     inhabit (at least in parts of its range), inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased   incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. In  agricultural areas, the species could be susceptible to the direct  application of pesticides, and indirectly, through the use of herbicides  which affect the forage plants.

conservationAction:
The species is listed in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005) and Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008). It is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It        is     not   known if the species is found in any protected  areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the details  of the       population  size    and  overall  trends in addition to  developing  a      fuller  understanding  of   the   ecological  requirements of the   species     and  identifying any    current or    likely threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species, since most of the published records are old and come from disparate sources and as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena gravida is found through Europe, Asia Minor and Central Asia (Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

habitat:
Andrena gravida is found through a variety of habitats, including open grasslands, forest borders and forest clearings. The species flies in one generation from April to May, visiting flowers of Asteraceae (Taraxacum, Tussilago, Bellis), Brassicaceae (Lepidium, Capsella, Brassica, Sysimbrium), Geraniaceae (Geranium), Lamiaceae (Lamium), Rosaceae (Malus, Potentilla verna, Ribes, Prunus, Crataegus) and Salicaceae (Salix). The species is widely polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, and it is considered to be an important pollinator of apple crops in central Europe (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. gravida may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following three European countries: Great Britain (Endangered; Shirt 1987), Netherlands (Endangered; Peeters and Reemer 2003) and Sweden (Data Deficient; Gärdenfors 2010). Andrena gravida is found under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, for which there is a Species Action Plan (UK Biodiversity Group 2007).The species was found in the protected areas of Duna Drava National Park (Jozan 1998) and Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area (Jozan 2003). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, distribution, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient as information is lacking regarding the species' taxonomic status, population size and trends, habitat and ecology and specific threats. Further surveys are necessary in order to establish the actual status of this species throughout its range, based on updated data recorded from field work.

range:
Andrena gredana is present through north and central Iberia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitat and ecology of this species. A male of this species was found on May (Warncke 1975). It is presumably a xerothermic species and polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of plant species.

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. gredana may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. There are no conservation actions in place for this species, and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range. Further research should be conducted to determine the taxonomic status, population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data Deficient because even though this species has a small area of occupancy (AOO), there are not enough data to determine the population size, trend and threats to this species. Further research is needed to establish the status of this species.

range:
Andrena grossella is found in the southern part of the Peloponnese Region of Greece in the following areas: Anargyroi, Kerasea, Sparta, Areopolis (Grünwaldt 1976). Quite recently this species was also found in Volos of the Thessalia region, on the Greek island of Chios, situated in the Aegean Sea, and in Agioi Anargyroi of the Attica Region (Standfusset al. 2011, Devalez 2013, GBIF Data Portal 2013). It is most likely an endemic species to Greece.The extent of occurrence in Europe (EOO) is 53,574 km² and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 32 km².

population:
There are about 100 specimens of this species which were collected in 1975 from four localities in the southern part of the Peloponnese region of Greece. Quite recently it was also found in one locality on the island of Chios, although the number of specimens collected is unknown, and another locality in Agioi Anargyroi of the Attica Region. There is no information on population trends.

habitat:
Andrena grossella inhabits areas with very dry soil and thin vegetation cover. It prefers to forage on the flowers of Crocus, Sternbergia lutea, and possibly other bulbous host plants. It also occurs on Asteraceae (Hieracium spp., Taraxacum spp.) and Amaryllidaceae (Sternbergia sicula) from which it collects nectar. This species flies in autumn from late October to the end of November. The nesting of this species is unknown.

conservationAction:
Given that this is a very interesting endemic species - with an unusual labio-maxillar complex - protected areas should ideally be created. However, it is important to protect the plants, such as the Crocus, upon which the species forages.Research should be conducted to determine the complete distribution, population trends, habitat and any threats to this species. It is not known if the species occurs in protected areas.

useAndTrade:
This species is not traded or exploited commercially, but it is valued as a pollinator of plants.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Evaluated (NE)Listed as Data Deficient because the species is only know from nine specimens that were collected more than 40 years ago from one locality in Serbia. Further research is needed on the population size and trend, habitat and ecology and threats. It does not occur within the EU 27.

range:
Andrena grozdanici was described from former Yugoslavia, especially from the neighbourhood of Belgrade that now is the capital of Serbia. The species has also been found in Turkey in Warncke/Linz's collection (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2013).  The extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 4 km².

population:
There are known only nine specimens of this species that were collected more then 40 years ago from one locality in Serbia.

habitat:
Andrena grozdanici flies in the spring as all known nine specimens were collected in May on the flowers of Anchusa barrelieri (Boraginaceae). It is probably an oligolectic species, in that it forages upon the Boraginaceae family, as with all other members of subgenus Hamandrena (Dubitzky et al. 2010). The species' nesting behaviour is unknown.

conservationAction:
Given that this is a very interesting, probably, endemic species, in the places where it is found, protected areas should be created. First of all, necessary protection should be given to the plants which it forages upon, such as those of the Anchusa genus.Further research on the species population size, trends and status, and threats should also be conducted.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution and presumably large population. However, further research is required to establish the trend of the population and to identify the specific threats.

range:
Andrena haemorrhoa is widely distributed in Europe. Outside of Europe, it can be found in north Africa, the Caucasus region, Asia Minor, Central Asia and the Far East to Kamchatka and Japan (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Populations are presumed to be large, but there is no clear information available on the population trend of the species.

habitat:
Andrena haemorrhoa occurs in several habitats up to 2,000 m asl. The species flies early in the spring, usually from the end of March to May, although in the Carpathian Mountains specimens have been collected during June and early July. Females forage on different flowers plants, such as Apiaceae (Carum carvi), Asteraceae (Taraxacum, Tussilago, Petasites), Brassicaceae (Rapistrum, Barbarea arucata), Campanulaceae (Campanula patula), Ericaeae (Vaccinium), Ranunculaceae (Ficaria verna), Rosaceae (Potentilla, Malus, Rubus, Prunus, Crataegus, Pyrus) and Salicaeae (Salix) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
There are no specific threats documented for this species, but it may be a target of general threats affecting European bees. These include reduction of suitable habitats by land use change, such as the transformation of large plant diversity areas into mono-specific agricultural ones, or inappropriate field management, which includes cutting the vegetation before or during the peak of the flowering period. This leads to loss of proper nesting sites due to agricultural activities such as tillage or chemical exposure to pesticide and herbicide treatments.

conservationAction:
This species is included in National Red List of Ireland (Least Concern; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006). Its distribution overlaps with protected areas, including the Duna Drava National Park (Jozan 1998) and Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area (Jozan 2003) in Hungary. It was also found in Vanatori Neamt Natural Park (Tomozei 2005) and Macin Mountains National Park in Romania (Ban and Tomozei 2006). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT) EU 27 regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT)Listed as Near Threatened in view of the small size of the population, with an estimated AOO of 2,000 km2 and a decline in the number of mature individuals, thus, the species is close to qualifying as threatened under Criterion B2. Research should be conducted in order to establish the population size and status of the species based on updated data, as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena hattorfiana is distributed throughout Europe, the Caucasus region and Asia Minor (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014). Its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be around 2,000 km2.

population:
Although populations are small and very locally distributed, there is no information available on the size of the population, since most of the published records are older than 20 years.In western Europe, A. hattorfiana has been facing a dramatic decline for the last 60 years (Pekkarinen 1997) and therefore the trend of this population is thought to be decreasing (Larsson 2006).

habitat:
Andrena hattorfiana occurs in moist meadows and pastures next to forest habitats, for example in Romania and Ukraine. It is also found in open grasslands, calcareous and sandy soils in inland and coastal habitats, such as fixed dunes in the United Kingdom (Else 2001). They also appear on flower-rich road sides and alpine grasslands up to 2,000-2,500 m asl. The species it is monovoltine, in that it has one generation per year flying from June to July, although in mountains and northern areas they fly from June to early August. The species is strictly oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, and the females mainly collect pollen from flowers of Knautia arvensis and occasionally from Scabiosa species (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osythsnjuk et al. 2005).

threats:
This species and its pollen provider plant Knautia arvensis are dependent on extensively managed pastures, field margins and traditional meadows. The decline in the population may be the result of reduced and fragmented plant resources due to an intensive agriculture development. This includes larger farm units, inappropriate grazing management, fewer traditional flower-rich types of grassland and road sides. These threats have been present for the last 50 years (Westrich 1990, Falk 1991, Pekkarinen 1999, Larsson 2006).

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the seven following European countries: Czech Republic (Vulnerable; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2008, Westrich et al. 2011), Great Britain (Vulnerable; Shirt 1987), Netherlands (Endangered; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Norway (Critically Endangered; Kålås et al. 2010), Sweden (Near Threatened; Gärdenfors 2010) and Finland (Near Threatened; Rassi 2010). In Finland the species is listed in the Annex 4 - Threatened species of the Nature Conservation Decree no.160/1997, while in the United Kingdom it has its own Species Action Plan for Cornwall. This species occurs in protected areas, such as Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Piatra Craiului National Park, Romania (Tomozei 2004), Vanatori Neamt Natural Park, Romania (Tomozei 2005) and Mercantour National Park, France (Schmid-Egger 2011).Research is needed regarding the population size, distribution and trends.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of recent records and the lack of information on the threats affecting the species. Further research is needed to assess the status of this species.

range:
Andrena hedikae was described from Podčetrtek in the sub-Pannonian region of Slovenia. In Europe this rare Mediterranean species is also known from Portugal, Spain (Ortiz-Sánchez 2011), Italy (south part) (Priore 1982), France (Warncke 1967, Rasmont et al. 1995), Corsica (Warncke 1967); Serbia, Slovakia (Kocourek 1966, Přidal 2004, Straka et al. 2007), Slovenia (Jaeger 1934, Gogala 1999), Romania (Móczár & Warncke 1972, Warncke & Scobiola-Palade 1980), Poland (Dylewska 1987), Hungary (Moczar and Warncke 1972, Józan 2011), Moldova (Osytshnjuk 1977, Andreyev et al. 1986), southern part of Ukraine (except Crimea) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Radchenko 1982), Moldova (Osytshnjuk 1977), south-east of European part of Russia (Warncke 1967). This species was also found in Asia: Caucasus (Azerbaijan), Turkey (Warncke 1975), Iran, Kazakhstan. It is also present in north Africa: Morocco, Algeria (Warncke 1974a).

population:
In all regions of Europe, from which data are present, the populations of Andrena hedikae are very small, and in Slovenia, the species is probably extinct. From each locality where it is found, it is known only from one or a few specimens that in most cases were collected more than 40 years ago.  The disappearance of the species from some areas suggests that there may be a declining trend.

habitat:
Andrena hedikae flies from May to August with two generations. The first generation flies from May to June (in the mountains from June to July). The second generation flies from late June to early August. This species occurs mainly in xeric grassland biotopes. The females visit the flowers of the Brassicaceae (Isatis tinctoria, Cardaria draba) and Apiaceae (Chaerophyllum), sometimes single specimens were found on Rubiaceae (Galium) and Fabaceae (Medicago) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005).

threats:
The reason why Andrena hedikae is very rare throughout its wide range remains unknown. Specific threats to the species are not known although, generally, given the habitat it frequents, it is possible that the disappearance of this species in some regions can be connected with a sharp reduction in the number of natural areas that are not exposed to anthropogenic activities: mowing grass during their flowering period, treatment of fields with pesticides and ploughing land on which the species nests. Another possible reason for the decrease in populations may be connected with global climate change. In particular, the increased amount of rainfall, because this species prefers dry xeric biotopes.

conservationAction:
Andrena hedikae is listed in Red List of Slovenia as probably extinct (Anonymous 2002). Also this species is included in regional Red List of Rostov region of Russia as a rare species (not IUCN category). This species is found in some nature reserves in Ukraine (Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve and Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova").For effective conservation of this species, it is necessary to create a network of protected areas with a large variety of flowering plants in their habitats. Prohibit mowing and pesticide treatment of wild species of plants during their flowering period. Given that this species build nests in the soil, it is necessary to modify ploughing land near its nests.Further research is necessary to establish the reasons for the scarcity of this bee, to assess overall population strength and trends, and to identify any specific threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                 Listed      as Data Deficient  as     there  is little or no    information  available on   population size,          trends and threats,   and  further  information is   necessary on     both  the      habitat and   ecological   requirements. Future       research may show    that this rare species requires a threatened category within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena heinrichi is only known from the eastern Aegean island of Samos (Grace 2010). Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in Aegean Turkey (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its very restricted known European range.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitats and ecology of this species. However, it is presumably associated with phryganic Mediterranean shrublands. Both sexes of Andrena heinrichi are on the wing in April and May (Grace 2010).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given its very restricted European range and the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is  presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased    incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books              and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It       is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the details of the       population  size    and  overall  trends, to develop a fuller understanding  of   the   ecological requirements of the   species     and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed      as Data Deficient  as     there  is little or no    information  available on   population size,          trends, ecology and threats. Future       research may show    that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status within Europe.

range:
Andrena helenica is only known from continental Greece and the island of Lesbos (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Grace 2010).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this European endemic species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its restricted range.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat or ecology of  this      species, although it is presumably associated with phryganic     Mediterranean   shrublands. It is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, flying from March to April (Standfuss et al. 2011).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books              and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It       is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the details of the       population  size    and trends, ecology and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species throughout its range, based on new updated data, since most of the published records are old and come from disparate sources.

range:
Andrena helvola is found through Europe, the Caucasus region, Asia Minor and Central Asia (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014), Siberia (Eremeeva et al. 2009a) and China (Xu and Tadauchi 2012).

population:
Although populations are presumed to be large, there is no current information on the size and trends of the species, since most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena helvola occurs especially in moist habitats such as forest edges and clearings, meadows and steppe biotopes along river valleys. This spring species flies in one generation between April to May, visiting flowers of Asteraceae (Taraxacum, Tussilago, Hieracium), Berberidaceae (Berberis vulgaris), Caryophyllaceae (Stellaria media), Grossulariaceae (Ribes), Paeoniaceae (Paeonia), Ranunculaceae (Anemone), Rosaceae (Crataegus, Fragaria, Prunus, Rosa) and Salicaceae (Salix). It is known as one of the main pollinators of apple, cherry, gooseberry and blackcurrant in the Kiev region, Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. helvola may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red List of the Ireland (Data Deficient; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006), and it is found within protected areas, such as Duna Drava National Park (Jozan 1998) and Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area in Hungary (Jozan 2003). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution and although there is no detailed picture of the overall population strength, it is  regularly recorded in ecological survey work in parts of its range and this suggests that the population is large. Further research is needed to identify possible threats.

range:
Andrena hesperia is a Mediterranean species, common in southern Europe (from Spain to the Caucasus), north Africa (Warncke 1974a), Turkey and Israel (Warncke 1969, 1974b) and central Asia.

population:
This species can be abundant in suitable locations in the Mediterranean biome. Although there is no detailed picture of the overall population strength, it is regularly recorded in ecological survey work in parts of its range (Attiki, Crete, Spain) and this suggests that the population is large.There is no evidence of any decline in this species.

habitat:
Andrena hesperia has only one generation per year flying from late April to June (Warncke 1973). The species is found in a range of habitats although it seems to prefer humid areas, with records from damp coastal sites in Crete (S. Roberts pers. obs. 1991), and Mediterranean shrublands around Athens (Petanidou 1991) and in Sardinia (Quaranta et al. 2004). Females visit the flowers of Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae and Tamaricaceae (Pittioni and Stoeckhert 1950). Males are known to pollinate Ophrys sp.

conservationAction:
The species is listed in the National Red List of Slovenia (Endangered; Anonymous 2002).Further research is necessary to establish the overall population strength, and to see if there are any discernible trends or threats to the populations. The species occurs in protected areas.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data Deficient as there is only one known described specimen of this species. Therefore, there is no information available on the population size, trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.

range:
Andrena hillana is endemic to the Canary Islands. The species is described and only known from Fuerteventura (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there is only a single known record and so the species is assumed to be very rare within its extremely restricted range.

habitat:
There is little is known about the habitat and ecology of  this      species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland. According to Warncke (1968), Andrena hillana flies in March, but Hohmann et al. (1993) state that it flies from January to March.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books              and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It       is     not   known if the species is found in any protected areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the details of the       population  size    and trends, habitat, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)Listed as Least Concern because, although  full details of population size, trends and threats are missing, the species is widespread in  distribution and seems plentiful in suitable habitats, including those that are disturbed by human activity.

range:
Andrena hispania is known from France and the Iberian Peninsula. Outside of Europe, the species occurs in the northernmost part of Morocco (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, the European range of the species is quite large, covering Iberia and parts of France, and the number of specimens in museum collections suggests that the species is not particularly rare (S. Roberts pers. comm. 2014). It seems to be plentiful in suitable habitats and it is widespread through its range.

habitat:
In the Iberian Peninsula, the species has been found on sandy soil near the southern coast, including areas where pine and poplar are cultivated (V. Jacinto pers. comm 2014, J. Ortiz-Sanchez pers. comm. 2014). A male was recorded in Granada (Spain) during June in a locality composed of cultivated trees to produce wood and paper (Populus sp.) (Ortiz-Sanchez pers. comm. 2014). In France, it is associated with Mediterranean shrublands (Garrigue) and ruderal habitats (D. Genoud pers. comm. 2014, J. Ortiz-Sanchez pers. comm 2014). The details of nesting biology and pollen requirements are not known, but the species is presumed to be polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plant species, although the pollen sources are unconfirmed. Visitation has been reported from Asphodelus microcarpus (Liliaceae), Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) (N.J. Vereecken, pers. comm. 2010, D. Genoud pers. comm 2014), Cistus crispus, Cistus salvifolius (Cistaceae) (J. Ortiz-Sanchez pers. comm 2014), Armeria velutina, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rubus ulmifolius and Thymus mastichina (Herrera 1988). Andrena hispania flies from the end of April to mid-June (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given      the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased   incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. In  agricultural and ruderal areas the species could be susceptible to the direct  application of pesticides, and indirectly, through the use of herbicides  which affect the forage plants.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books               and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. Its distribution overlaps with protected areas throughout its range, such as Costa Vicentina Natural Park in Portugal.       Further     research   is required to establish the population  size    and trends and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                  Listed      as Data Deficient  as      there  is little or no    information  available on the population size,           trends and threats to the species. Future        research may show    that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status within Europe.

range:
The south European species Andrena humabilis is known from Bulgaria and Greece, including the Aegean island of Lesvos. Outside of Europe, the species is reported from Turkey, Israel (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and Jordan (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

habitat:
The species is presumably associated with phryganic      Mediterranean   shrublands, at least in parts of its range. In common with other members of the subgenus Chlorandrena, it is presumed to be oligolectic, specialising on Asteraceae pollen. The specific details of its pollen sources are not available, but in Turkey the species visits Crepis sp. (Asteraceae) (Warncke 1974b). Andrena humabilis flies from early April to mid-June (Warncke 1974b).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The species is also recorded outside of Europe, and areas of suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books               and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It        is     not   known if the species is found in any protected  areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the population  size    and trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of recent information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena humilis is found through Europe, north Africa, the Caucasus region, Asia Minor and Far East (Dylewska 1987, Ostshnjuk et al. 2005, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Although populations are presumed to be large, there is no actual information available on the size and trends of the species, since most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena humilis occurs in humid biotopes, including forest edges, glades, meadows of river valleys and mountainous meadows, up to 1,800 m asl in the Caucasus and the Alps. The species usually flies from May to July, although in the mountains of Eastern Europe it flies from June to mid August. The species is bivoltine in the south of Europe, in that it has two generations per year; while in the north of Europe it is univoltine, having only one generation per year (Dylewska 1987). The species is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, and therefore females collect pollen from flowers of the Asteraceae family (Taraxacum, Leontodon, Tragopogon, Crepis, Hieracium). However, according to Dylewska and Wlsniowski (2003), the females occasionally visit flowers of Fabaceae (Melilotus), Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus), Rosaceae (Crataegus, Prunus) and Scrophulariaceae (Veronica) (Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. humilis may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas containing Asteraceae species into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following six European countries: Germany (Near Threatened; Westrich et al. 2008), Ireland (Critically Endangered; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006), Netherlands (Vulnerable; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Norway (Regionally Extinct; Kålås et al. 2010), Sweden (Endangered; Gärdenfors 2010) and Finland (Endangered; Rassi 2010). Andrena humilis is target of a Species Action Plan in Sweden.It occurs in protected areas, such as Mercantour National Park, France (Schmid-Egger 2011) and Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European   regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)   EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)       Listed as Data Deficient due to the gaps existing in data  regarding the status of the various subspecies, population size, trends  and threats affecting this species.

range:
This rare species is found from western Europe to the Caucasus region and Asia Minor.  In Europe, it is recorded from Austria (Pittioni and Schmiedt 1943, Zettel et al. 2008, Schwarz et al. 2005), Slovakia (Kocourek 1966), Hungary (Friese 1887, Moczar and Warncke 1972), Serbia (Dylewska 1987), and Romania (Ascher and Pickering 2013).   In the Caucasus region, the species it is recorded from Armenia, Azerbaijan (Osytshnjuk 1994).  In Asia, the species it is recorded from Turkey (Alfken 1935; Warncke 1974b, 1975).

population:
This species, throughout its entire range, is very rare, and presumably the population is small, but there is no information available on the population trend. The species is known only from a few old records. Further surveys are necessary in order to have an accurate picture of the population size and trend.

habitat:
Andrena hungarica is a strongly termophilous species that has been found in the steppe habitats up to 2,000 m altitude (Caucasus Mt.). The females are foraging on Brassicaceae (Erysimum, Sinapis, Brassica, Sisymbrium, Meliotus) (Kocourek 1966) and Scrophulariaceae (Pedicularis) (Warncke 1974b). It flies from the end of May to July.

conservationAction:
Despite its general scarcity, the species is not subject to any targeted conservation action. Further research is required to establish the taxonomic status of the described subspecies, and current status of the species throughout its range and to identify the existing threats. It is not known if the species occurs in any protected areas.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                  Listed      as Data Deficient  as      there  is little or no    information  available on   population size,           trends and threats to the species. Future        research may show    that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status within Europe.

range:
In Europe, Andrena hyacinthina is only known from Cyprus. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in southeast Turkey, Lebanon and Israel (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
Andrena hyacinthina is presumably associated with phryganic      Mediterranean   shrublands and coastal sand dunes. The species appears to be oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, as it has only been observed visiting the flowers of Hyacinthus trifoliatus (Asparagaceae) (Mavromoustakis 1958). The species flies from end of February to end of March (Warncke 1974b).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. Nevertheless, the species is also recorded outside of Europe, and areas of suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books               and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It        is     not   known if the species is found in any protected  areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the population  size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Evaluated (NE)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information regarding the population size and trend, ecological requirements and threats. Further research is needed to assess the status of this species.  It does not occur within the EU 27.

range:
Andrena hybrida is only found in Crimea, Ukraine. Outside of Europe, it is also also found in Turkey (Warncke 1975).

population:
No recent information on population size or trends, although field data from Ukraine suggests that the species is not rare (V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2013).

habitat:
Andrena hybrida flies in May and June. Males and females have been collected on Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Ornithogalum. It is associated with mesic and anthropogenic grasslands rather than steppes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red List or Red Data Book, and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is found in protected areas in Ukraine.Further research to establish population size, trends and threats, as well as detailed ecological data, is required.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)The species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is required on taxonomy, general ecology and threats to the species.

range:
Andrena hyemala is found through south and eastern Europe, Asia Minor and Central Asia.   In Europe, the species was recorded in mainland Italy (Warncke 1973, Dylewska 1987), Slovenia (Gogala 1999), Albania (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), mainland Greece (Warncke 1973, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and the Isle of Crete (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Hungary (Móczár and Warncke 1972, Warncke 1973), Romania (Warncke and Scobiola Palade 1980), Bulgaria (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013), Ukraine (Warncke 1973, Osythsnjuk 1977, Gusenleitner and  Schwarz 2002) and European Russia (Osytshnjuk 2008).  Regarding its distribution in Hungary and Romania, Andrena hyemala was initially recorded by Móczár and Warncke (1972) as Andrena graecella, while the same happened in Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977) (B. Tomozei pers. comm. 2014)  In Asia, the species has been recorded in Turkey (Warncke 1966a, 1974b, 1975), Israel (Warncke 1975), Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).

habitat:
This species is mainly found on xeric biotopes, both in lowland and mountainous areas, on fallow lands and dry slopes. The female visits flowers of Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). After Gogala (1999) the species is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, which will represent Brassicaceae species, being specialized on Alyssum. The species is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, flying from April to June.

threats:
There are no documented threats for this species.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red List of Slovenia (Rare; Anonymous 2002).This species is found in protected areas from Ukraine, such as Khomutovskaya Steppe Reserve (Donetsk region) and Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve (Kherson region) (Osytshnjuk 1977), but there are no conservation actions in place for it.  Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


range:
Andrena hypopolia is found through central and southern Europe, the Caucasus region and Asia Minor (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Although populations are presumed to be small, there is no current information available on the trend of this species, since most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena hypopolia is found in a variety of habitats, such as xerothermic swards (Banaszak et al. 2006). The species flies from May to September in two generations. Females forage on different species, such as Apiaceae (Aegopodium podagraria), Asteraceae (Taraxacum, Inula, Xeranthemum, Cirsium pannonicum), Brassicaceae (Berteroa incana, Erucastrum armoracioides, Sysimbrium loeselii, S. polymorphum, S. altissimum, Sinapis arvensis Raphanus), Boraginaceae (Sisymbrium orientale), Fabaceae (Trifolium, Robinia pseudoacacia), Lamiaceae (Salvia nemorosa), Lythraceae (Lythrum salicaria) and Resedaceae (Reseda lutea) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. hypopolia may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following four European countries: Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008), Slovenia (Endangered; Anonymous 2002) and Switzerland (Regionally Extinct; Amiet 1994). Its distribution overlaps with protected areas, including the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003) and the Sengiley Mountains landscape reserve in Ulyanovsk Oblast, European Russia (Artemyev et al. 2011), but there are no specific conservation measures in place for the species.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of information on the population size and trend, and threats. Further research is needed to assess the status of this species.

range:
Andrena hystrix is mainly distributed around the west of the Mediterranean basin, northwards to southern Switzerland (Stöckhert 1930, Warncke 1967), however, outlying, disjunct sub-populations occur in Turkey (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005) and southern Ukraine. It is present in Asia: Georgia (Osytshnjuk 1977, Skhirtladze 2002), Azerbaijan (Osytshnjuk 1977), and Turkmenistan (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005). Ascher (2013) indicates the species is present in Slovakia and the Czech Republic but these data are not consistent with national check lists and have no reference.

population:
There is no information available on the size of the population or any indication of population trends in the main part of the range. In Russia, the species is regarded as very rare.

habitat:
Andrena hystrix flies from May to July. This species prefers xeric grassland biotopes of plains and mountains and occurs at altitudes of up to 1,600 m (Caucasus). The females visit flowers of the Brassicaceae and Asteraceae.

conservationAction:
The species is proposed for inclusion in the Red List of Moldova (Vulnerable; Andreev 2004) and it is listed in the National Red List of Switzerland (Regionally Extinct; Amiet 1994). It occurs in protected areas.Further research is necessary into the details of the population size, trends and threats.

useAndTrade:
There is no commercial exploitation of this species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                   Listed      as Data  Deficient  as      the species is only known from a few specimens. Further research is needed on the population size,           trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.

range:
In Europe, Andrena icterina is only known from Spain. Outside of Europe, the species is reported from Algeria.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are very few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be very rare within its extremely restricted range.

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitat and ecology of this species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books               and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It        is     not   known if the species is found in any protected  areas. Further     research   is required to establish the population  size, trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data  Deficient   as      the species is only known from a few specimens. Further research is needed on the population size,            trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.

range:
The European endemic species Andrena illyrica is known from continental Greece, Romania and Ukraine (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Grace 2010).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, only a few specimens are known and so the species is assumed to be very rare within its range.

habitat:
There is no information available about the habitat and ecology of this species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It         is     not   known if the species is found in any protected   areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the population size, trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution and presumed large overall population.

range:
A circum-Mediterranean species with additional populations in the Danube region of central and eastern Europe and in Ukraine.

population:
The species is regularly recorded in ecological surveys in the southern parts of its range e.g., Attiki (Petanidou 1991) and Italy (Quaranta et al. 2004). In the more northern parts of its range it is less common and carries a threat status in the Czech Republic. Because of the large extent of occurrence (EOO), and the lack of threat statuses generally across its range, it is assumed that the population overall is large. Information on the population trends is not available.

habitat:
Forest belts, grasslands, meadows and gardens in Moldova (Andreev et al. 1986), phryganic habitats in Greece (Petanidou 1991) and agroecosystems in Italy (Quaranta et al. 2004). Polylectic species, visiting mainly Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Apiaceae. The species nests in burrows in the ground (Dylewska 1987). It is bivoltine and flies from April-May and again from June-July.

conservationAction:
Listed in the Red List of the Czech Republic (Vulnerable; Farkac et al. 2005). It is recorded from protected areas.Further research is required to provide details of population size, trends, threats and general ecology.

useAndTrade:
The species is not commercially exploited.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of information on the population size and trend and threats. Further research is needed to assess the status of the species.

range:
Andrena incisa occurs in most of Europe. It occurs in Spain (Gogorza 1882, Ceballos et al. 1956,  Luna de Carvalho 1972, Warncke 1976), Italy (Warncke 1967), Macedonia (Kinel and Noskiewicz 1930), Hungary (Friese 1893, Móczár and Warncke 1972), Poland (Noskiewicz 1924, Dylewska and Zablocki 1972), Ukraine (Bramson 1879, Kinel and Noskiewicz 1930).  It also occurs in Asia: Tajikistan (Morawitz 1876, Morawitz 1893), Kazakhstan (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Tadauchi 2006), Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005) and Turkey (Warncke 1974).

population:
There is no information on the population size or trends.

habitat:
The species flies from late May to August. There are two generations. This species occurs in various biotopes in both plains and mountains, but it prefers xeric, steppe biotopes, recorded at altitudes of up to 2,000 m (Pamir). The females collect pollen mainly from flowers of the Apiaceae (Ferula, Trinia, Chaerophyllum, Libanotis, Ęryngiumm, Orlaya), and occasionally visit flowers of the Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae.

conservationAction:
Andrena incisa is considered as Possibly Extinct in Hungary (Jozan 2011), Vulnerable in Poland (Banaszak et al. 2006) and Extinct in Switzerland (Amiet 1994, Amiet et al. 2011). There is no targeted conservation action directed towards this species. It is, however, presumed to occur in protected areas.Further research is required to clarify the population size, trends, threats and general ecology of the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) Listed as Least Concern in view of the wide distribution and overall large population although the species is considered threatened in some countries.

range:
Andrena intermedia is present across Europe from the Atlantic coast of France and the Netherlands to Ukraine. It is also recorded in Turkey and Iran.

population:
There is no precise information about the strength and size of the population across the entire species' range. However, the species has a large extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) and despite being rare in parts of its range (Germany, Czech Republic) it is likely that the population is large overall. The details of the population trends are lacking.

habitat:
Females of Andrena intermedia collect pollen on Fabaceae only (e.g., Trifolium sp., Genista sp.). The habitats of Andrena intermedia are primarily forest edges and clearings in woodlands, flowery meadows and sandy heathlands. The species flies as a single brood from early May to July. It is the host of the bee Nomada striata.

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown, but given that it favours open sandy habitats, and especially heathland in the Atlantic biome, it is likely to be impacted negatively by habitat degradation caused by scrub and woodland succession.

conservationAction:
Andrena intermedia is Red Listed in Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich 2011), Netherlands (Peeters and Reemer 2003), and the Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkač et al. 2005). In Baden-Württemberg (Westrich et al. 2000) as "very rare" and "endangered".Conservation actions would need to promote flowering of Fabaceous herbs in May and June. Mowing roadsides at this time lead to reduction in available forage resources and should be avoided at this time of year.The species occurs in protected areas. Further research is necessary to establish the full details of the population size, trends and any threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)Listed  as Not Applicable as the European population of the species is most  likely to be less than 1% of the global population. In Europe it has only  been found on the Canary Islands, while it is widespread across the whole of North Africa.

range:
In Europe, Andrena isis is only known from the Canary Islands of Tenerife and Fuerteventura. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt (except Libya), in Jordan (Gusenleitner and Schwartz 2002) and Israel (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). The Canarian taxon is regarded as a distinct subspecies within A. isis, and the subpopulation is separated from the nominate form in North Africa.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are only a few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be rare within its European range.

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitat of this species.Andrena isis, in common with other members of the sub-genus Chlorandrena, is presumed to be oligolectic, specialising in collecting Asteraceae pollen. Pollen sources include Launaea angustifolia and Launaea mucronata in Israel, Launaea arborescens and Leontodon species in Morocco and Sonchus species in Fuerteventura (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). The species flies from the end of January to early May (Warncke 1968), although according to Moustafa and Ibrahim (1966) it flies from February to October.

threats:
The threats to Andrena isis remain unknown.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It         is     not   known if the species is found in any protected   areas.       Further     research   is needed on the population size, trends, habitats and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient due the gaps in knowledge of population size, trends, general ecology and specific threats. Further surveys are necessary in order to establish the actual status of this species throughout its range, based on updated data recorded from field work.

range:
Andrena ispida is distributed from south-eastern Europe to Transcaucasia and Asia Minor (Warncke 1965b, 1974b; Özbek 1976). In Europe, the species is recorded from Albania (Warncke 1965b, 1966a), Macedonia (Warncke 1973), Hungary (Warncke 1965b, Moczar and Warncke 1972), Romania (Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980) and Bulgaria (Warncke 1973) Greek mainland (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, map erroneously referred to as A. incisa). In the Caucasus region, the species was recorded from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).The maps of Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002) show that Andrena ispida also appears to be recorded from the Alps, Spain, Ukraine, European Russia to central Asia. However, no record of this species appears on the last Spanish checklist of Ortiz-Sánchez (2011); the species is not recorded by Osytshnjuk (1977) and Osytshnjuk et al. (2008) from Ukraine, European Russia or central Asia; or in Switzerland by Amiet et al. (2010) and until confirmation is received, it is assumed that these records are erroneous.

population:
This species is rare throughout its range, but no clear information regarding population size and trends is available.

habitat:
This species occurs in mountainous biotopes, mainly xeric grasslands, recorded at altitudes of 1,300-2,000 m (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). The flight period is from late May to mid July. This species is probably polylectic, i.e., it takes pollen from a wide variety of plant species, and has been found on Onobrychis sativa, Anchusa sp., Trifolium sp. (Özbek 1976).

conservationAction:
Despite its general scarcity, the species is not subject to any targeted conservation action, and is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. Research is urgently needed to establish the full details of its range, population size and ecology, and to identify any trends and threats.It is not known if the species occurs in any protected areas.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                     Listed      as Data  Deficient    as      there  is little or no    information  available on the population  size,            trends, habitats, ecology and specific threats to the species. Future        research may show    that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
In Europe, Andrena kamarti is only known from Sicily. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in North Africa, from Western Sahara to Tunisia (Warncke 1967, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be very rare within its restricted European range.

habitat:
The species is presumably associated with phryganic      Mediterranean   shrublands in Sicily. It is presumably oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, on Asteraceae like other members of the subgenus Chlorandrena.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                 and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It          is     not   known if the species is found in any protected    areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the population  size, trends, habitats, ecology and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed      as Data  Deficient    as      there  is little or no    information  available on    population  size,            trends and specific threats to the species. Future        research may well show    that this rare species requires listing as a threatened species.

range:
The European endemic species Andrena korleviciana is only known from Italy, Slovenia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and Croatia, from where it was described. Nobile et al. (2005) reported one male from Sicily, but there are no other records of the species to confirm is presence.

population:
The population size and trends for this species are not known. In Slovenia, the species is considered to be rare.

habitat:
The species is presumably associated with phryganic       Mediterranean   shrublands and grasslands. Andrena korleviciana is a polylectic species, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plant species (A. Gogala, pers. obs. 2014). It is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, flying from April to June (Gogala 1999).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   presumed  to     inhabit (at least in parts of its range), inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                 and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It          is     not   known if the species is found in any protected    areas. Further     research   is required to establish the details    of the       population  size, trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data  Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on    population   size,            trends and specific threats to the species. Future        research may show    that this species requires listing as a threatened species.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this endemic species. However, there are only a few records of this species, and so it is assumed to be very rare within its restricted range.

habitat:
Andrena kornosica is an early flying bee, having both sexes been recorded from January to early March, often in montane habitats from 460-1,220 m asl (Mavromoustakis 1954c, 1957; Grace 2010). It is also presumed to be associated with phryganic shrublands throughout its range. The details of pollen requirements are not known, but Mavromoustakis (1954c, 1957) mentioned it visiting by Sinapis alba (Brassicaceae) and Crocus hartmanianus (Iridaceae), which is an endemic Cyprian plant.

threats:
The specific threats to the species are unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. Since this species flies in montane habitats, a severe climate warming could therefore threaten its distribution.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                  and is not the subject of any targeted conservation  action. It          is     not   known if the species is found in any  protected    areas.       Further     research   is required to  establish the details    of the       population  size, trends and specific threats to the species identifying  any    current or      likely threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data   Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on     population   size,            trends and specific threats to the species. Future        research may well show     that A. kriechbaumeri requires listing as threatened.

range:
In Europe, Andrena kriechbaumeri is only known from the Balkans, from Croatia to Greece. It is also reported from the island of Sicily and the Aegean island of Lesbos. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in Turkey (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
The species is presumably associated with phryganic     Mediterranean   shrublands. Andrena kriechbaumeri is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, and if flies from May to June, at altitudes between 200-400 m asl (Warncke 1966a). In Greece, the species flies from April to June (Standfuss et al. 2011). It is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, on Asteraceae, preferring yellow Cichorioidae species like its close relatives A. polita and A. westensis (E. Scheuchl pers. obs. 2014).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books               and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It        is     not   known if the species is found in any protected  areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the population  size    and trends and the specific threats to the species.


range:
Andrena labialis is found through Europe, north Africa, Asia Minor, the Middle East (Lebanon, Jordan, Iran), the Caucasus region, Central Asia (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014) and Siberia (Eremeeva et al. 2009a).

population:
Although populations are presumed to be large, there is no information on the species' trend and most of the published records exceed 20 years in age. Aggregations of 600 nests have been recorded through a surface of 40 m2, with a density ranging from 12 to 43 nests per m2 (Osytshnjuk et al. 2005).

habitat:
Andrena labialis occurs in a variety of dry and moist habitats, from mountain mesophilous grasslands to dry steppe slopes of the Crimean plateau and desert areas in southwestern Kazakhstan. The species flies from May to late July and it has been found especially visiting flowers of Fabaceae (Trifolium, Melilotus, Medicago, Coronilla varia, Lathyrus, Vicia), but also on flowers of Adoxaceae (Viburnum), Asteraceae (Erysimum, Knautia, Taraxacum), Brassicaceae (Sinapis arvensis, Ballota nigra), Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae (Crataegus, Fragaria) and Scrophulariaceae (Veronica) (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. labialis may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following five European countries: Switzerland (Critically Endangered; Amiet 1994), Germany (Near Threatened; Westrich et al. 2008), Netherlands (Endangered; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Sweden (Vulnerable; Gärdenfors 2010) and Finland (Endangered; Rassi 2010). The species is listed in the Annex 4 of Threatened Species of the Nature Conservation Decree no. 160/1997, based on the Nature Conservation Act of Finland, and it is the target of a Species Action Plan in Sweden.Its distribution overlaps with protected areas, including the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003) and Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Romania (Uzlina) (Ban and Tomozei 2006).Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, and threats to the species.


range:
Andrena labiata is found through Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus region, Central Asia and east Asia, specifically in north Manchuria (Kocourek 1966, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
There is no current information available for the population size and trend of this species, since most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena labiata occurs in a variety of habitats, but it prefers moist ones such as mesophilous grasslands, forest borders and clearings. It can be found up to 2,000 m asl in the Alps. The species flies from the end of April to June. It is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, including Aceraceae (Acer tataricum), Asteraceae (Hieracium pilosella, Taraxacum officinale, Crepis tectorum), Brassicaceae (Barbarea vulgare, Alyssum trichostachium), Caryophyllaceae (Stellaria), Cistaceae (Helianthemum obscurum), Fabaceae (Trifolium), Lamiaceae (Thymus, Stachys), Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus), Rhamnaceae (Rhamnus), Rosaceae (Potentilla verna, Potentilla argentea, Potentilla humifusa, Fragaria vesca) and Scrophulariaceae (Veronica chamaedrys) (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. labiata may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following three European countries: Great Britain (Rare; Shirt 1987), Sweden (Near Threatened; Gärdenfors 2010) and Finland (Regionally Extinct; Rassi 2010).Its distribution overlaps with protected areas, including the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003) and Mercantour National Park, France (Schmid-Egger 2011). However, there are no conservation actions in place for this species.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Critically Endangered (CR)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Evaluated (NE)  Listed as Critically Endangered because the species is only known from three specimens from the type locality found in 1963, even though the area is often sampled and well known. The extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 4 km2, the species occurs at one location as the main threat for the species is urbanization which is likely to happen in the area where the species was found and caused a continuing decline in the extent and quality of the habitat. The species is therefore listed as Critically Endangered under Criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii).  It does not occur within the EU 27.

range:
The species is known from a single site in Crimea (Ukraine) and is an endemic species of the region (Osytshnjuk 1993). The extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 4 km2.

population:
As the species is known from only three specimens from a single locality, the population is presumed to be very small and no trend is known. It is known only from its type locality, and further specimens have not been found since 1963, despite the large number of surveys conducted in the Crimea.

habitat:
Its only locality is on dry calcareous grasslands. The species has been found visiting flowers of Allium (Alliaceae) and Phlomis (Lamiaceae) (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). All specimens were found in June.

threats:
The species is threatened by urban expansion and development.

conservationAction:
Despite its extreme rarity and localisation it is not listed in the Red List of Ukraine. It is not the subject of targeted conservation action.Urgent work is needed to attempt to refind this species and to establish its status and ecology, both in the type locality and nearby. Threats also need to be understood.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed    as Least Concern as the species is widespread across much of western and central Europe, the population is presumed to be stable and there are  no specific threats to the species at a  continental scale. Moreover, the subpopulations in southern Iberia would be subject to a possible rescue  effect from North Africa. However, research should be conducted to  determine the population size, overall trend and specific threats to the species.

range:
As a European species, Andrena lagopus occurs in southwestern Europe, from Portugal northeastwards to Czech Republic (Straka et al. 2007) and eastwards to Serbia. It is also present on the island of Sicily. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Maghreb, from Morocco eastwards to Tunisia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
Andrena lagopus is capable of exploiting and colonising new forage habitats very quickly and therefore is considered to be a pioneer species. The species is considered widespread and adaptable through its distribution. As the species has increased in population density in recent years, it is no longer considered Endangered in Germany (Westrich and Schwenninger 1997). While there appears to be no recent information available on the abundance, population size and trends of this species elsewhere in its range, populations are presumed to be stable overall.

habitat:
Andrena lagopus is a thermophilic species which is almost exclusively distributed in habitats below 500 m asl. Its habitats include Mediterranean dwarf shrublands, rapeseed fields, set-aside arable fields, ruderal sites, meadows and gardens, where it forages.This oligolectic species is specialized on Brassicaceae, and its main pollen sources are Brassica napus, Sinapius arvensis, Barbarea vulgaris and Cardamine pratensis. It nests in burrows in the ground, and it is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, flying from early March to mid June (Westrich and Schwenninger 1997, A. Gogala pers. comm. 2013). However, one female has been recorded from mid-August in Tossa de Mar (Spain), indicating that the species is probably at least partly bivoltine (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to the species remain unknown. However, given      the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known  to     inhabit in parts of its range, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased   incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. In  agricultural areas, the species could be susceptible to the direct  application of pesticides, and also be indirectly affected through the use of herbicides  which affect the forage plants. The species is  also recorded outside  of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of  suitable habitat are  presumed to remain within the species' geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is listed in the National Red List of Slovenia (Endangered; Anonymous 2002), but is not the subject of any targeted conservation   action. Its distribution overlaps with protected areas throughout its range, such as the Parque Nacional de Coto Doñana in Spain.       Further     research   is required to   establish the details    of the       population trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)Listed as Least Concern because, although the full details of population size, trends and threats are missing, the species is widespread in  distribution, it seems plentiful in suitable habitats and the population appears to be stable.

range:
In Europe, Andrena lamiana is known from Macedonia, Bulgaria (Atanássov and Vasileva 1990), Cyprus and Greece. There are subpopulations on the Greek islands of Lesvos, Limnos, Thasos and Crete. Outside of Europe, the species is widespread across Anatolian Turkey (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and Syria (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

population:
The species frequently appears in biodiversity surveys (e.g., Petanidou 1994, Nielsen et al. 2011) and so it is presumed to have a large population overall. The subpopulations are presumed to be stable.

habitat:
The species is known to inhabit phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in Attiki (Greece) and on the Aegean island of Lesvos. The details of the nesting and pollen forage requirements are not known, but visitation has been observed at Cardaria draba, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Sisymbrium orientale (Brassicaceae), Reseda alba (Resedaceae), Chamomilla recutita (Asteraceae), Cistus parviflorus, Cistus creticus (Cistaceae) and Coridothymus capitatus (Lamiaceae) (Petanidou 1994, Nielsen et al. 2011).Andrena lamiana is bivoltine and flies from mid-May to mid-June, and from the end of July to mid-August (Warncke 1974b). However, Standfuss et al. (2011) found the species in Thessalia only from April to June, so it is possible that the species is bivoltine only in some parts of its distribution range (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books               and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It        is     not   known if the species is found in any protected  areas.       Further     research   is required to establish the population  size    and trends and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)Listed as Least Concern because, although   full details of the population size, trends and threats are missing and the subpopulations are severely fragmented, the species is widespread in   distribution, seems plentiful in suitable habitats, populations appear stable and an important subpopulation lies within a large protected area. However, further research should be conducted fill in the gaps in the knowledge of this species.

range:
In Europe, Andrena langadensis is only known from disjunct subpopulations in Spain, mainland Greece, and the islands of Corfu, Lesvos and Crete. Outside of Europe, the species is also reported from the western Maghreb in Morocco, in eastern North Africa in Libya and Egypt and in the Middle East in Turkey and Israel (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). The nominal species was described from Greece, while the subspecies A. l. oblonga was described from Libya, the subspecies A. l. albipila from Spain, and the subspecies A. l. clanga from Turkey. A male specimen has also been reported from Popovka in Krym (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

population:
There is no information available on the overall population  size and trend of this species. However, the European subpopulations are severely fragmented and this would limit the chances of either rescue effect in the event of catastrophic loss, or of successful genetic exchange. The population is presumed to be stable overall and it appears to be plentiful in suitable habitats.

habitat:
Andrena langadensis is known to inhabit phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in Crete and open sandy dehesas in Andalucía (Spain). Nests have been found densely aggregated in low south-facing coastal soft-rock cliffs in Crete (S. Roberts pers. obs. 1991). Pollen requirements are not known but visitation has been observed on various Brassicaceae (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2003). The subspecies Andrena (Notandrena) langadensis clanga Warncke, 1966 flies from the end of March to the end of May (Warncke 1974b). The subspecies Andrena (Notandrena) langadensis albipila Warncke, 1967 is recorded from Central Spain, from mid-April to mid-June (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given         the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased      incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The subpopulations are severely fragmented and this imposes a risk should there be a catastrophic crash in the population in one centre of distribution as there would be no chance of any rescue effect.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. Its distribution overlaps with protected areas throughout its range, such as the Parque Nacional de Coto Doñana in Spain.       Further     research   is required to establish the details   of the       population  size    and trends, and to identify the specific threats to the species. The taxonomic issues also require further clarification.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) Listed as Least Concern because it has a wide distribution and is a very common species.

range:
Andrena lapponica is a widespread Palearctic species distributed from Ireland eastwards to Japan. In the south of Europe, it is recorded from the Spanish mountains to Ukraine.

population:
Andrena lapponica is a very common species and it can be the dominant in suitable habitats. There is no evidence of a decline and so it is assumed that the populations are stable.

habitat:
Andrena lapponica is mainly specialized on pollen of Vaccinium. This species is therefore associated with open woodlands including patches of Vaccinium. It can be dominant in this kind of habitat. The females can also collect pollen from the Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae and Salicaceae (Osytshnjuk 1977). It flies from May to June, and in the mountains to July and August. The nest burrows seem to be widely scattered, rather than in close aggregations. As such they are rarely encountered. Regarded as the host of Nomada fusca and small forms of N. panzeri.

conservationAction:
Andrena lapponica is listed as Least Concern in the Czech Republic (Farkac et al. 2005), Ireland (Fitzpatrick et al. 2006) and Norway (Kålås et al. 2010). It is Red Listed in Moscow region of Russia as Vulnerable (Levchenko 2010).It is known from protected areas. Further research is needed to identify the possible threats affecting the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of information on the population size and trend and the threats to this species. The population of this species is highly disjunct with some sub-populations being isolated so further research is needed to assess the status of this species as it could turn out to be threatened.

range:
Andrena lateralis shows a disjunct distribution in southern Europe on the Iberian and the Balkan peninsula. It is recorded from Spain and Portugal (Warncke 1976), and from Macedonia (Friese 1923, Warncke 1973) and Greece (Warncke 1965), respectively. The main part of its distribution is in Asia, from Turkey to central Asia and Israel. Records from Moldova are of dubious provenance (V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2013).

population:
Details of the population size and trends are not known. The European sub-populations are highly disjunct, and the Iberian sub-population is extremely isolated from the core areas.

habitat:
Andrena lateralis flies from May to June, but in Turkmenistan and southern Tajikistan from mid-April; in mountains of Transcaucasia and Uzbekistan also in July; and in Turkey from May to August (Warncke 1974b). This species inhabits various biotopes including grasslands and Mediterranean shrublands. The females mainly collect pollen from flowers of Apiaceae, but occasionally visit flowers of the Asteraceae and Brassicaceae.

conservationAction:
Andrena lateralis is not listed in any National Red List or Red Data Book, and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is, however, known from protected areas.Further research is necessary to establish the details of population size and trends, and to identify any threats. As the European sub-populations are highly disjunct, with the Iberian sub-population extremely isolated from the core areas, special attention need to be paid to it this particular sub-population.


range:
Andrena lathyri is distributed through Europe, Asia Minor and Far East Russia, in Khabarovsk and Primor'ye (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Populations are presumed to be small, but there is no information available on the species' actual size and trend since most of the published records exceed 20 years in age.

habitat:
Andrena lathyri is a rare species found in tall swards of calcareous or mesotrophic grasslands, supporting large populations of vetches up to 2,000 m asl of altitude. The species is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, flying from May to June. The species is oligolectic of flowers of Lathyrus (Lathyrus vernus, Lathyrus montanus, Lathyrus pratensis) and Vicia (Vicia sepium, Vicia cracca) species, but was also recorded on other Fabaceae (Trifolium) and only exceptionally was found on flowers of Asteraceae (Taraxacum officinalis, Leontodon), Boraginaceae (Symphytum), Brassicaceae (Brassica), Lamiaceae (Thymus sp. Ajuga reptans) and Salicaceae (Salix aurita) (Stoeckhert 1933, Pittioni and Schmidt 1943, Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Westrich 1989, Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl 1997).

threats:
The threats for this species are related to loss of habitat by the transformation of open grassland areas, which support a large diversity of flowering plants including vetches, into intensive agricultural areas. Also, scrub encroachment by mismanagement of open grasslands, destruction of nesting sites by agricultural activities such as tillage and chemical exposure, including pesticides and herbicides, constitute other threats.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following five European countries: Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994), Czech Republic (Vulnerable; Farkac et al. 2005), Great Britain (Endangered; Shirt 1987), Norway (Near Threatened; Kålås et al. 2010) and Finland (Endangered; Rassi 2010). The species is target of a Species Action Plan in the United Kingdom.Its distribution overlaps with protected areas, including the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998).Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends of the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened and Regionally Extinct in some European countries.

range:
Andrena lepida is distributed through Europe, north Africa, the Caucasus region, and southwestern Asia in Turkey, Israel, Iran (Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014) and Syria (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl  pers. comm. 2014).

population:
There is no current information available on the overall size and trends of the population, since most of the records date from before 1950 (Rasmont et al. 2013).

habitat:
Andrena lepida is found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands and forest borders, up to 1,500 m asl in the Caucasus mountains. This species has two generations flying from April to August on flowers of the Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae families (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. lepida may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following four European countries: Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Regionally Extinct; Westrich et al. 2008), Great Britain (Endangered; Shirt 1987) and Switzerland (Regionally Extinct; Amiet 1994). Also, it is included in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (1995).It occurs in protected areas from Ukraine, such as the Crimean Nature Reserve in Chatyrdag plateau (Osytshnjuk 1977).Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                        Listed      as Data    Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on      population   size,            trends and threats to the species,   and  further     information is      necessary  on     both  the      habitat and      ecological      requirements. Future        research may well show      that this rare species requires listing as threatened.

range:
In Europe, Andrena leptopyga is only known from the Iberian peninsula and southern France. Outside of Europe, the species is reported from the western Maghreb, from Morocco to Algeria (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the overall population size and trend of this species. However, D. Genoud (pers. comm. 2014) states that the species is rare in France.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat or ecology of this species, although D. Genoud (pers. comm 2014) reports its presence in open Mediterranean valley forests in southern France (Durance, Rhône). The species flies in France in May (and probably into June). In Morocco, the species has been found in semi-arid conditions near the Oued Massa fort in late March (G.R. Else pers. comm. 1989). The species has been recorded on Diplotaxis species, Launaea arborescens and Vicia faba in Morocco (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It         is not known if it is found in any protected  areas.       Further     research   is required to  establish the population  size, trends and threats to the species, and to develop a      fuller  understanding  of    the habitat and ecological  requirements of the   species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed          as Least Concern as the species is apparently widespread across the  western  Mediterranean basin and biodiversity fieldwork suggests that  the   populations are strong and presumed to be  stable in France.  There  are   no clear current  threats to the species at a      continental scale and the key forage plants (Asteraceae) are widespread,  and often abundant, in a range of habitats.  Research  should be still  be conducted  to  determine the taxonomy, population  size, trends and threats to the species.

range:
The species of the western Mediterranean Andrena leucolippa is known from Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy and Sicily (D. Baldock pers. comm. 2014). However, records from Italy and Sicily most probably belong to A. boyerella (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014), since there have traditionally been taxonomic issues with this species and A. boyerella (see taxonomic notes).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of        this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the      species is    assumed to be rare within its restricted range. In France, populations are presumed to be stable.

habitat:
In France,  the species is generally found on sandy and dry soil. Habitats include  roadside verges, meadows, lawns and grassy woodland edge, dry meadows,  scrub edge and floristically diverse ruderal sites. In common with other members of the sub-genus Chlorandrena, the species is oligolectic, specialising on Asteraceae, although not on Cichorioidae like the other Chlorandrena species, but on Asteroidae (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). There are flower records from Leucantheum, Chamomilla (and related genera), Tanacetum, occasionally Achillea and very often on Helichrysum in Spain (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). D. Baldock (pers. comm 2014) states that in Portugal the species flies from May to early June, and D. Genoud reports a similar flight period in southern France with specimens still on the wing in July (D. Genoud pers. comm 2014).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given         the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is    presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased      incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                 and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It          is found in protected  areas, such as RNN de la Massane and the Massif des Albères RNN (France). Further     research   is required to  establish the details  of the        population  size    and trends and specific threats to the species. Research into the taxonomy of this species and A. boyerella is urgently needed so that details of their ecology and distribution can be clearly understood.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                         Listed      as Data     Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on the population   size,            trends, habitats and threats. Further research may show       that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
In Europe, Andrena leucophaea is only known from Spain (including the Balearic Islands) and Sicily. There is an old and doubtful record from southern France. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in Algeria (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be rare within its limited European range.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat or ecology of  this       species. However, it is presumably associated with phryganic      Mediterranean   shrublands. The species has been recorded visiting Bellis annua L., B. silvestris L., Taraxacum lævigatum DC and Romulea bulbocodium, and it has also been recorded collecting pollen from Bellis silvestris L. (Alfken 1914).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                  and is not subject to any targeted conservation  actions. It          is not known if it is found in any protected   areas.        Further     research   is required to  establish the population  size, trends, habitats and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                          Listed      as Data      Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on the population   size,            trends, and specific threats,   and  further       information is      necessary  on     both  the      habitat and        ecological      requirements. Future        research may well show        that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
The east Mediterranean species Andrena leucopsis is only known from mainland Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria and the Romanian coast of the Black Sea. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in Turkey, Lebanon (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and Iran (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

habitat:
The species is presumably associated with phryganic       Mediterranean   shrublands, at least in parts of its range. In Romania, there are unpublished reports from the Black Sea coast, where it is found in dry, sandy habitats. It is presumed to be a xerothermic species (B. Tomozei pers. comm 2014). Andrena leucopsis flies from mid-May to mid-June (Warncke 1974b), although in Thessalia it has been reported to fly in April (Standfuss et al. 2011).

threats:
The details of the threats to this species are unknown. However, given         the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is    presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased      incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                   and it is not the subject of any targeted conservation   actions. It          is not known if it is found in any protected    areas.        Further     research   is required to  establish the population  size    and trends, to develop a      fuller  understanding  of    the     ecological  requirements of  the   species     and to identify any       current or    likely threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                           Listed      as Data       Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on the population   size,            trends and threats to the species. Future        research may show         that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
In Europe, Andrena limassolica is present only in Cyprus (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). One female was also found in Jordan in 2002.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be rare within its limited European range

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat or ecology of  this         species. However, it is presumably associated with phryganic        Mediterranean   shrublands, at least in parts of its range. Andrena limassolica flies from mid-January to mid-March, and is known to visit Gagea chlorantha (Liliaceae) (Mavromoustakis 1952, Warncke 1974b).

threats:
Andrena limassolica is only known from a small area, but details of the threats to this species remain unknown. However, given          the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is     presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased       incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                    and is not the subject of any targeted conservation    action. It          is not known if it is found in any protected     areas.        Further     research   is required to  establish the    details  of the        population  size    and trends and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of its controversial taxonomic status and the resulting lack of information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened and Regionally Extinct in some European countries.

range:
Andrena limata is found through southern and central Europe, the Caucasus region, north Africa, southwestern Asia and Central Asia (Kocourek 1966, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
In the light of its controversial taxonomic status, and the fact that the data for this species date back from before 1950, information on its population size and trend are unknown.

habitat:
Andrena limata occurs in various biotopes, including meadows, glades, edge of forests and roadsides up to 2,000 m asl. The species has two generations flying from April to September. The species is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, therefore females visit flowers of the Aceraceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaeae and Scrophulariaceae families (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. limata may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following four European countries: Switzerland (Regionally Extinct; Amiet 1994), Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008) and Slovenia (Endangered, Anonymous 2002).  It occurs in protected areas. It was found in the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003) and the Mercantour National Park in France (Schmid-Egger 2011). However, the species is not target of any conservation actions.Research is needed in order to establish the taxonomic status of the species, especially through the use of molecular techniques (B. Tomozei pers. comm. 2014), and also regarding the population distribution, size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient due to the gaps in knowledge regarding the population size, trends and specific threats. Further research is needed in order to establish the actual status of this species throughout its range.

range:
Andrena limbata is found through the southern and central part of Europe, the eastern part of the Caucasus region, Asia Minor and Central Asia (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

habitat:
Andrena limbata is distributed through dry steppe habitats, forest borders and clearings, calcareous slopes, dry slopes on coastal areas of the Azov Sea (Crimea) and mountains up to 2,000 m asl in the Caucasus region. This species has a single generation flying from May to June, visiting Campanula species in central and southern Europe, but also Eurphorbia sp., Knautia arvensis, Phlomis and Hirschfeldia incana in Ukraine and Moldova (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. limbata may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
The species is not subject to any targeted conservation action and does not appear in any National Red List or National Red Book of any European country. Research is needed regarding the population size, distribution and trend and threats to the species.


range:
In Europe, the species is only found in the Volgograd region of European Russia and outside of Europe, it is found in Kazakhstan (Osytshnjuk 1983).The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 4 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 4 km2.

population:
The information on the current status of Andrena limonii populations in Europe (as well as in Asia) is not available. All material of this species was collected more than 50 years ago.

habitat:
This species inhabits steppic biotopes, xeric areas and salt-marsh meadows. The females visit the flowers of Limonium gmelinii (Plumbaginaceae) (Osytshnjuk 1983, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005). The flight period is from July to mid August.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                            Listed      as Data        Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on the population   size,            trends and threats,   and  further         information is      necessary  on     both  the      habitat and          ecological      requirements. Future        research may show         that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
In Europe, Andrena lindbergella is only known from Cyprus. The species is also reported from the Middle East.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be rare within its extremely limited European range.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat or ecology of  this          species, although it is presumably associated with phryganic         Mediterranean   shrublands. In Cyprus, Andrena lindbergella flies in mid-June, and is mentioned from the Troodos mountain range (Warncke 1974b).

threats:
Although Andrena lindbergella is only known from a small area, the details of the threats to this species remain unknown. However,  given          the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities   it is     presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and  an increased       incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on  the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                     and is not the subject of any targeted conservation     action. It          is not known if it is found in any protected      areas.        Further     research   is required to  establish the     details  of the        population  size    and trends in     addition to  develop a      fuller  understanding  of    the       ecological  requirements of  the   species     and  to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size and trend and the threats affecting the species. However the species has a very restricted range so further research is needed to assess the status of the species as it could be threatened.

range:
Andrena lineolata is endemic to the Canary Islands (Hohmann et al. 1993, Báez and Ortega 1978, Ortiz-Sánchez 2011). It has been recorded in Tenerife only.

population:
There are several different sub-populations recorded across Tenerife: Las Cañadas, San Juan de la Rambla, Montaña Negra-Montaña Abejera, La Orotava and Caramujo. There are no data on the size of the population or of trends.

habitat:
Andrena lineolata flies in April and May, and is known to visit Erysimum scoparium (Brassicaceae).The habitat of the species is unknown.

conservationAction:
Despite the extreme restriction of the range (Tenerife only), the species is not Red Listed or subject of targeted conservation action.Further research is necessary to determine the ecology of the species, and to understand the details of the population size, trends and threats. It is likely to be present in protected areas.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed     as Least Concern as the species is widespread across much of western  and central Europe, the population is presumed to be stable and there  are  no specific current  threats to the species at a  continental scale.  The subpopulations in southern Iberia would be subject to a possible  rescue  effect from North Africa. However, research should be conducted  to  determine fuller  details of the population size, trends and threats to the species.

range:
In Europe, Andrena livens is known from the Iberian peninsula, Italy, France and Switzerland. Four females have also been collected in Dalmatien, Hvar (Croatia).Outside of Europe, the species is found in the Maghreb, from Morocco to Tunisia. The subspecies A. l. algeria is described from North Africa, while the subspecies A.l. gruenwaldti is described from Sicily.

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of             this species. However, the species is well represented in collections and is regularly found in biodiversity surveys (e.g., Quaranta et al. 2004), which suggests that there is a large population overall. The population trend is presumed to be stable overall.

habitat:
In the Iberian peninsula, the species has been mostly recorded on Mediterranean coastal areas (Warncke 1976) and in phryganic shrublands (S. Roberts pers. obs. 1997). In Italy, it is widely reported from both semi-natural and agricultural environments (Quaranta et al. 2004). The details of the nesting biology are not known but, as a member of the sub-genus Chlorandrena, it is presumed to be oligolectic, specialising on collecting pollen from various species of Asteraceae. The species has been found exclusively on yellow Cichorioideae in Spain (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Andrena livens flies from April to early June (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given      the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased   incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. In  agricultural areas, the species could be susceptible to the direct  application of pesticides, and indirectly, through the use of herbicides  which affect the forage plants. The species is  also recorded outside  of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of  suitable habitat are  presumed to remain within the species' geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                      and is not the subject of any targeted conservation      action. It          is not known if it is found in any protected       areas.        Further     research   is required to  establish the population  size    and trends and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment:  Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size and trend, ecological requirements and threats. Further studies are needed to assess the status of this species.

range:
Andrena longibabis is mainly distributed in north Africa and the Middle East, from Morocco to Israel. It is recorded in Europe only in Iberia (both Spain and Portugal) (Warncke 1976, Ortiz-Sánchez 2011).

population:
There is no information on population size or trends.

habitat:
There is no information about the ecology of Andrena longibarbis. Given the distribution, the species is likely to be found in Mediterranean phrygana and maquis.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red List or Red Data Book and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is, however, likely to be present in protected areas.Further research is necessary to determine the details of the ecology, and to establish information on population size, trends and threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Evaluated (NE)                             Listed      as Data         Deficient     as      there  is   no    information  available on           population   size,            trends, habitats, ecology and threats. Future         research may show         that this rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status. It does not occur in the EU 27.

range:
Andrena lonicera is an extremely rare European endemic species only known from seven specimens in Macedonia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are only a few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be rare within its extremely limited European range.

habitat:
There is no information available habitat or ecology of this species. However, all seven known specimens have been collected on Lonicera species, at an altitude of 1,800 m asl (Warncke 1973).

threats:
Andrena lonicera is a species only known from a small area. However, details of the threats to this species remain unknown.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                       and is not the subject of any targeted conservation       action. It          is not known if it is found in any protected        areas.        Further     research   is required to  establish the        population  size, trends, habitat, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                             Listed      as Data         Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on           population   size,            trends, habitats, ecology and threats. Future         research may show         that this rare species requires listing in a threatened category.

range:
In Europe, Andrena macroptera is only known from Spain. One female has also been collected in Montemor-o-Novo in Portugal by Baldock in 2011 (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Outside of Europe, the species is reported from Morocco (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002)

habitat:
There is no information about the habitat and ecology of this species, although it can be presumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.

threats:
In Europe, this species is only known from a small area. However, the details of the threats to this species remain unknown.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                        and is not the subject of any targeted conservation        action. It          is not known if it is found in any  protected        areas.        Further     research   is required to   establish the       details  of the        population  size, trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Least Concern as the species is common in Madeira, the population seems to be stable and it has a broad tolerance of habitats. However, research should be conducted on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species.

range:
Andrena (Suandrena) maderensis is endemic to the island of Madeira (Kratochwil and Scheuchl 2013, Kratochwil et al. 2014).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of the species. However, the species is widely distributed across Madeira and the population there is presumed to be quite large and stable overall.

habitat:
Andrena maderensis is quite ubiquitous on the island of Madeira and it is thought to have a catholic choice of habitats, being present in dune areas, fallow lands and ruderal sites with suitable pollen sources. The range of altitudes extends from sea level up to 950 m asl. According to the differentiation into thermotypes and ombrotypes (Capelo et al. 2004), the localities where A. maderensis has been recorded correspond mainly to the temperature zones 1 and 2 (infra-Mediterranean), but also to frequency zones 3 and 4 (lower and upper thermo-Mediterranean). High abundances were reached in humidity class 1 (dry), 2 (lower subhumid), 3 (upper subhumid) and 4 (lower humid). The main vegetation zones are zone 1 (Mayteno umbellatae-Oleo maderensis sigmetum), zone 2 (Helichryso melaleuci-Sideroxylo marmulanae sigmetum), and zones 3 and 4 (Semele androgynae-Apollonio barbujanae sigmetum) (Kratochwil et al. 2014).The nesting and pollen foraging biology is not known but the species is reported to visit Brassica, Rapistrum rugosum, Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae) (Fellendorf et al. 1999), Oxalis pes-caprae (Oxalidaceae) and Calendula species (Asteraceae) (Cockerell 1922). Andrena maderensis is one of the principal pollinators of cabbage plants on Madeira.The flower visitation include records of 43 females on Brassicaceae (Sinapidendron angustifolium, Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum, Rapistrum rugosum, Brassica oleracea, Sinapis arvensis), five females on Asteraceae (Crepis vesicaria ssp. haenseleri, Sonchus oleraceus) and one female on Geraniaceae (Geranium maderense). The species is therefore assumed to be oligolectic on Brassicaceae (Kratochwil et al. 2014).While, A. maderensis flies from March to June, the latest literature states that flight activity lasts from February to May. The highest abundances of males and females are in April (Kratochwil et al. 2014).

threats:
Andrena maderensis is only known from a small area. However, the specific threats to this species remain unknown. Given its presumed catholic choice of habitat within the Madeira island group, the threats are likely to be minimal as the localities where the species is found represent a wide range of habitats.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                         and is not the subject of any targeted conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is required to    establish the       details  of the        population  size    and trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Endangered (EN)EU 27 regional assessment: Endangered (EN)  Listed as Endangered because its area of occupancy (AOO) is 48 km2, the species has a severely fragmented population with three isolated sub-populations with little chance of genetic exchange, and there is a continuing decline in the quality of the habitat due to anthropogenic activities at the coast and global climate change, in particular the increased rainfall converting the steppe habitat to shrub and woodland.

range:
Andrena magna is disjunctly distributed from eastern Europe to the Caucasus region and Asia Minor (Warncke 1974b).  In Europe, this species it is recorded from southern Ukraine (Crimea Peninsula) (Warncke 1965a, Osytshnjuk 1977), south-east Romania (Warncke 1965a, Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980, Ban and Tomozei 2006) and the Greek mainland (Warncke 1965a).   In the Caucasus region, the species is recorded from Armenia and Georgia (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 299,291 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 48 km2.

population:
There is a scarcity of data available on the population abundance of this species, but it is rare throughout its range and there are only three sub-populations in Europe which are separated from each other with little chance of exchange in genetic material or recolonisation. The species is therefore regarded as severely fragmented. The current population trend is unknown. Further research is necessary in order to clarify the status of this species and its current distribution range.

habitat:
Andrena magna prefers steppic habitats (Osytshnjuk 1977, Radchenko 2009). The species is polylectic, in that it takes pollen from a wide range of plants, and the females have been found to forage on various plants from the steppe regions. In Romania, Andrena magna has been found foraging on Cirsium sp. (B. Tomozii  pers. obs. 2001). It flies from April to July. It is possibly a bivoltine species, in that it has two generations per year.

threats:
This large species is rare throughout its range and maybe the target of illegal collection. The rarity of the species may be the result of the reduction of specific steppe habitats caused by an increase of shrubs and trees that has occurred due to increased rainfall from climate change (Radchenko 2009).

conservationAction:
This species is included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Radchenko 2009). The species occur in the following Ukrainian protected areas: Opuksky, Karadag and Kazantip Nature Reserves were the species it is subject to protection measures.Further research is necessary to establish its ecological requirements, population size and trends across its range. It may also require specific protection.

useAndTrade:
This species is traded and exploited commercially in Crimea in the souvenir trade.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient due to the gaps in knowledge of population size, trends, general ecology and specific threats. Further surveys are necessary in order to establish the actual status of this species throughout its range, based on updated data recorded from the field.

range:
This species is distributed from eastern and south-eastern Europe to the Caucasus region and Asia Minor (Kohl 1905; Fahringer and Friese 1921; Warncke 1965b, 1974b). In Europe, the species is recorded from Ukraine, Crimean Peninsula (Osytshnjuk 1977), Romania (Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980), Macedonia (Warncke 1973) and the mainland of Greece (Warncke 1965a).  In the Caucasus region, the species was recorded from Dagestan (Russian Federation), Georgia and Azerbaijan (Osytshnjuk 1977).

population:
This species is known only from a few specimens. Presumably the population is small, but there is no information available on the overall population size and trends.

habitat:
This species prefers xeric habitats such as grasslands and shrublands. The females forage on Brassicaceae and Rosaceae. The males have been found on Asteraceae species. It flies from May to June in Ukraine and Romania and from April to June in Greece and Turkey.

conservationAction:
Despite its general scarcity, the species is not subject to any targeted conservation action. Further research is required to establish the ecology, current status of the species throughout its range and to identify any existing threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)  Listed as Not Applicable because this species is principally recorded from Central Asia and is only known in Europe from one locality in Hungary, which is dubious, so the European population hosts less that 1% of the total population, thus the species has a marginal occurrence in Europe. Further research is needed to identify if the species is actually present in Europe and detailed work will be necessary to determine the ecology, the size of the population and if there are any existing threats.

range:
Andrena majalis is principally recorded from central Asia; Turkmenistan. Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan (Shebl and Tadauchi 2009). There is only one dubious record in Europe (Hungary) with a specimen determined by Warncke (Moczar and Warncke 1972). This record is regarded as questionable (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).

population:
No information is available on either the population size or trends. The majority of the range lies in Asia and, even if its presence in Hungary is confirmed, it is likely to represent less than 1% of the global population.

habitat:
Andrena majalis flies from April to May. Outside Europe, this species occurs in plains and mountains, mainly in river valleys. The females collect pollen from flowers of Tamarix.

conservationAction:
Research is necessary to establish the status of this species in Europe. If its presence in Hungary can be confirmed, detailed work will be necessary to determine the ecology, the size of the population and if there are any existing threats. It is not known from any protected areas.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size and trends. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena marginata is widely distributed through Europe, the Caucasus region, Asia Minor, Central Asia, Siberia and China (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Xu and Tadauchi 2008, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Populations are presumably small, but there is no information available on actual population size and trends of this species.

habitat:
Andrena marginata is found in calcareous grasslands, heaths, moors, woodlands, coastal dunes and virgin lands where flower species of Dipsacaeae family occurs. This oligolectic species, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, is strongly associated in Central Europe with Succisa pratensis, Knautia arvensis and Scabiosa columbaria. However, in Eastern Europe (Ukraine) and European Russia, it was also found on Dipsacus laciniatus, Cephalaria uralensis and Scabiosa ochroleuca, while in Central Asia (Turkmenistan) it was found on Scabiosa isatensis. This species also forages on Rubus, Spirea ulmaria, Epilobium sp., Leontodon, Jasone montana and Tanacetum vulgare. This summer species flies from July to September, rarely until October (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
Andrena marginata is threatened by changes in agricultural practices, particularly through intensification in the use of grasslands (e.g., mowing before the flowering peak). This species is also exposed to chemical treatments of the fields. This has reduced the area of suitable habitats and availability of floral resources for this species.Ekstam et al. (1998) states that Succisa pratensis, to which Andrena marginata is strongly linked and found through calcareous open grasslands, moist meadows and pastures, has suffered a notable decline due to changes in land management. As a result, this specialist bee has declined in most areas in central and northwestern Europe (Westrich 1990, Falk 1991, Pekkarinen 1999).

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following seven European countries: Czech Republic (Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008), Ireland (Critically Endangered; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006), Finland (Vulnerable; Rassi et al. 2010), Netherlands (Regionally Extinct; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Norway (Endangered; Kålås et al. 2010) and Sweden (Vulnerable; Gärdenfors 2010). Andrena marginata is also included in the List of Invertebrate species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in Scotland (Nature Conservation Act - Scotland 2004).  Although there are no conservation actions in place, this species is found in protected areas throughout its range, such as Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, distribution and trends, as well as the threats to this species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information available on population size, trends and threats to the species. Although, A. mariana has a severely fragmented European population, the extra-limital subpopulations across the Maghreb could provide a rescue effect to the species both in Sicily and Spain.

range:
In Europe, Andrena mariana ssp. alma and A. m. ssp. tenostra are known from the Iberian peninsula, and A. m. ssp. solda is known from Sicily. The nominal subspecies is endemic to the Canary Islands. Outside of Europe, the species is reported from North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt and in the Levant, in southern Israel and Jordan (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no precise information available on the population size or trend of this species. The two major European centres of distribution are disjunct from each other, and the subpopulations are therefore severely fragmented.

habitat:
The species is presumed to inhabit phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in Europe. In Libya it has been found foraging at floristically diverse field margins in the Mediterranean zone of the Jbel Akhdar (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2002). The species has been recorded on Brassica, Anthemis, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa in Egypt (Moustafa 1986); Cakile maritima and Lotus lancerottensis in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Hohmann et al. 1993); Moricandia arvensis and Moricandia fuscata in Algeria (Benarfa et al. 2014); Moricanda arvensis, Zilla spinosa and Sinapis species in Morocco (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014); and Zilla spinosa, Erucaria rostrata, Diplotaxis harra, Tamarix nilotica and Gymnocarpos decandrum in Israel (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Andrena mariana has been reported to be a univoltine species, in that it has one generation per year, flying from February to mid-May (Warncke 1968, 1976). The details of the nesting behaviour are not known.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                          and is not the subject of any targeted  conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found  in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is  required to    establish the       details  of the        population   size, trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is also little or no information available on population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Although this species has a severely fragmented  European population, the extra-limital subpopulations across north Africa  and Anatolian Turkey could act as focal points for a rescue effect to the species in both Spain and Cyprus and the Aegean islands respectively.

range:
In Europe, Andrena medeninensis is only known from disjunct subpopulations in Spain, Cyprus and the Aegean islands of Lesbos and Limnos. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs across North Africa, from the Maghreb to Egypt, and also in Anatolian Turkey (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no precise information available on the population size or trend of this species. The two major European centres of distribution are disjunct from each other and the subpopulations are therefore severely fragmented.

habitat:
The species is presumed to inhabit phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in both Spain and Cyprus. In Libya, it has been found in the Mediterranean coastal zone (S. Roberts  pers. obs. 2002). The species has been recorded visiting Sinapis arvensis in Algeria (Benarfa et al. 2014). In Turkey and Cyprus, the subspecies Andrena medeninensis usura Warncke, 1967 flies from early March to early May (Warncke 1974b). In the Iberian peninsula, the two subspecies Andrena medeninensis donata Warncke, 1967 and Andrena medeninensis citreola Warncke, 1975 fly from mid March to end of April (Warncke 1976). The details of the nesting behaviour are not known.

threats:
The specific threats to the species are unknown. However, given         the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is    presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased      incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                           and is not the subject of any targeted   conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found   in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is   required to    establish the population    size    and trends  and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)This species is  listed      as Data Deficient  as       there  is also little or no    information   available on   population size,            trends and specific threats to the species. Future         research may show     that A. mediovittata requires listing in a threatened category.

range:
In Europe, Andrena mediovittata is only known from the Canary Islands. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Maghreb, from Morocco eastwards to Algeria.

habitat:
The details of the habitat and  foraging behaviour in the Canary Islands are not  known, although perhaps it can be found Mediterranean-type shrubland. However, in Morocco the species is found in arid semi-desert regions where it was found foraging on Launea arborescens (Asteraceae) (S. Roberts  pers. obs. 1993). Andrena mediovittata (as Andrena arvensis Warncke, 1968) has been observed flying from the end of March to early April (Warncke 1968). The floral records of the species include Asteriscus stenophyllus, Launaea arborescens, Launaea nudicaulis, Schizogyne sericea (Asteraceae) and Hirschfeldia incana (Brassicaceae) in the Canary Islands (Hohmann et al. 1993).

threats:
In Europe, this species is only known from a small area. However, the specific threats to this species remain unknown. The species is also recorded outside of Europe, and areas of suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                            and is not the subject of any targeted    conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found    in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is    required to    establish the       taxonomy, population     size, trends  and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information on the population size, trends and threats to the species. Further research should be conducted to establish the status of this species throughout its range.

range:
The distribution of this species is unclear because data are confused with the distribution of Andrena (Simandrena) combinata Christ, 1791. The species occurs in most part of eastern Europe, from Austria to the Urals and the Caucasus region (Gogala 1999), and to Greece and Cyprus. It is also present in Iran (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). However, Grace (2010) mentions the species only from Turkey for its east Mediterranean distribution, without any mention of Greece and Cyprus.

habitat:
Andrena (Simandrena) mehelyi is a polylectic species, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plant species. The species is bivoltine, in that it has two generations per year; the first one flying in May and June, and the second one in July and August (Gogala 1999), and until September in Austria (Pittioni and Schmidt 1943). In Cyprus, it has been observed from February to May at Tamarix sp., Achillea santolina L., Calendula persica C. A. Mey, Anthemis arvensis L., Trifolium, and Chrysanthemum segetum L. (Mavromoustakis 1948c, 1952, 1954, 1957). According to Kocourek (1966), the first generation visits Brassicaceae and Centaurea species, and the second one Solidago canadense, Achillea millefolium and Apiaceae species. It nests in burrows in the ground, excavated by itself (Westrich 1990), in loamy soil and in steppe biotopes (Kocourek 1966).

conservationAction:
The species is included in the National Red List of Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005). It is not the target of any specific conservation actions, and it is unknown whether it appears in protected areas throughout its range. The taxonomic issues require further clarification, and further research is required to establish the details of the population size and overall trends, and to identify any specific threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed      as Data          Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on            population   size,            trends and specific threats to the species. Future          research may well  show         that A. merula warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
In Europe, Andrena merula is known from mainland Greece and the Aegean islands, Crete and Cyprus. Outside of Europe, the species is reported from Turkey, Israel (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002) and Afghanistan (Warncke 1974).

habitat:
The species is known from phryganic Mediterranean shrublands, open Quercus macrolepis woodlands and trackways within Pinus brutia plantations (S. Roberts, pers. obs. 2001). Flower records include Scorzonera sublanata and Crepis commutata (Asteraceae) (Nielsen et al. 2011). Another pollen source in Israel is Crepis aspera (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). The species seems to be oligolectic on the subfamily Cichorioidae (family Asteraceae) (E. Scheuchl pers. obs. 2014). The males of A. merula are pollinators of Ophrys cressa in Crete (Paulus 2007) and of Ophrys sicula in Lesbos (Paulus and Salkowski 2007) by pseudocopulation. Andrena merula flies from April to the end of May (Warncke 1974b), occasionally from the end of March (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2001); and from March to May in Thessalia (Standfuss et al. 2011). The details of the nesting behaviour are unknown.

threats:
Andrena merula is only known from a small area, but the specific threats to this species remain unknown. However,  given          the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities   it is     presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and  an increased       incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on  the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                           and is not the subject of any targeted   conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found   in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is   required to    establish the       details  of the        population    size, trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Evaluated (NE)  Listed as Not Applicable because the species is only known in Europe from one locality from the lower Volga region and the European sub-population represents less than 1% of the global population, thus the species has a marginal occurrence in Europe.  It does not occur within the EU 27.

range:
Only recorded in Europe from a single locality in the lower Volga region of Russia. The range of this Asiatic species is known from the Caucasus and Kazakhstan. The European sub-population will represent less than 1% of the global population of the species.

population:
There is no information about population size or trends. However the European sub-population will represent less than 1% of the global population of the species.

habitat:
The species is univoltine (it has one generation per year); flying from mid-March to early June. In montane regions it can be found at altitudes of 1,600 m. It is polylectic, and visits Spiraea (Rosaceae), Salix (Salicaceae) and various Brassicaceae (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). It is a species of xeric habitats.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on National Red Lists or Red Data Books, and neither is it the subject of targeted conservation action.Further research is necessary to clarify the exact status of the species in Europe, and any trends and threats. Details of its ecology in Europe are also unknown and require work. It is not known from any protected area.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                               Listed      as Data           Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on the population   size,            trends and specific threats,   and     further         information is      necessary  on     both  the         habitat and          ecological      requirements. Future           research may well  show         that A. microthorax requires listing in a threatened category.

range:
In Europe, Andrena microthorax is restricted to southern Andalucia (Spain). Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Maghreb in Algeria and Tunisia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its extremely restricted European range.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat and ecology of  this          species, although it is presumably associated with phryganic         Mediterranean   shrublands. Andrena microthorax flies in early May in Spain (Warncke 1976), and from February to March in Algeria. The floral records include Moricandia cinerea and Moricandia arvensis (Saunders 1909).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                            and is not the subject of any targeted    conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found    in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is    required to    establish the population     size, trends and specific threats to the species, in      addition to  developing   a         fuller    understanding  of     the        ecological  requirements   of   the     species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed      as Least Concern as the species is widespread across much of the western Mediterranean Basin, the population is presumed to be stable  and there  are  no clear current  threats to the species at a   continental scale.  The subpopulations in southern Iberia and Sicily would be subject  to a possible  rescue  effect from North Africa. However, research  should be conducted into the population size, trends, habitats and threats to the species.

range:
Andrena miegiella is predominantly a species of the the western Mediterranean Basin, and is known from the Iberian peninsula, France, Italy, and the from the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Malta (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). Grace (2010) additionally reports the species from Lesvos, but gives no further supporting information. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in Turkey and North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or  trend of             this species. However, the species is represented in collections and is regularly found in biodiversity  surveys (e.g., Quaranta et al. 2004), which suggests that there is a large  population overall. The population is presumed to be stable.

habitat:
The species is presumed to occupy phryganic Mediterranean shrublands. In Italy and Sardinia it has been reported from both  semi-natural and agricultural environments (Quaranta et al. 2004). The details of the nesting biology and pollen preferences are not known. Andrena miegiella is a bivoltine species, in that it has two generations per year, the first one flying from mid-April to the end of May, and the second one at end of June (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given       the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known   to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased    incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. In   agricultural areas, the species could be susceptible to the direct   application of pesticides, and also indirectly through the use of herbicides   which affect the forage plants. The species is  also recorded outside   of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of  suitable habitat are   presumed to remain within the species' geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                             and is not the subject of any targeted     conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found     in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is     required into the population size, trends, habitats and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as, even if subpopulations appear to be large overall, there is no information available on population size, trends and threats to the subpopulations in Spain. Further information is also necessary on both the habitat and ecological requirements.

range:
In Europe, Andrena minapalumboi is only found in Mediterranean Spain. Outside of Europe, the species is known from across the whole of North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no specific information available on the population size or   trend of             this species in Europe. However, the species is well represented  in collections from North Africa and Israel, which suggests that there is a large  global population.

habitat:
The specific habitats occupied by the species in Spain are unclear, but it is  presumed to occupy phryganic Mediterranean shrublands. In Libya and Israel, it has been found in a range of habitats including regenerating post-fire Mediterranean maquis, and as a ruderal in fallow fields and disturbed places (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2002). The details of the nesting biology and  pollen preferences are not known, although visitation in Libya is reported from Sinapis alba and various yellow-flowered Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae), and it has also been recorded nectaring on Chrysanthemum coronarium (Asteraceae) (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2002). Other floral records include Diplotaxis (Saunders 1908), Sinapis arvensis and Rosmarinus officinalis (Benarfa et al. 2014). Andrena minapalumboi flies in June in Spain (Warncke 1976), and in north Africa in March and April (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2002).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given        the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known    to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased     incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. The species is  also recorded outside    of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of  suitable habitat are known to remain within the species' geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                              and is not the subject of any targeted      conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found      in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is      required to    establish the       details  of the        population       size, trends, habitats, ecology and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient since there is no information on threats, population size and trend, and most of the available records exceed 20 years in age. Further research is required to establish the status of the species throughout its range.

range:
Andrena minutula is widely distributed in Europe, the Caucasus region, north Africa, Asia Minor and Central and east Asia (China, Japan) (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Populations are thought to be large, but there is no information available for the population trend of this species.

habitat:
Andrena minutula is found in a variety of humid and dry habitats, mesophilous grasslands, xerothermophilous shrubs, limestone areas, roadsides, field margins and border forests. It is present from plains to mountains up to 2,000 m asl in the Alps and Caucasus Mountains; and from dry southern slopes of the Southern Crimean Plateau to mountain meadows and edges of the upper forest in the Carpathian Mountains. The species has two generations flying from April to August: the first one from April to May and the second one from July to August. The species it is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species. The females forage on species of the Aceraceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaeae and Scrophulariaceae families (Kocourek 1966, Osythshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Schmid-Egger 2011).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. minutula may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red List of Finland (Endangered; Rassi et al. 2010). Although there are no conservation actions in place, this species occurs in protected areas throughout its range, for example in the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003), Mercantour National Park (France) and Alpi Marittime Natural Park (Italy) (Schmid-Egger 2011).Further research should be conducted in order to determine the population size and trends, along with its possible threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment:  Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of updated information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range.

range:
Andrena minutuloides is distributed from Europe to Asia Minor, north Africa (Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014) and Siberia (Eremeeva et al. 2009)

population:
Presumably the populations are large, but there is no information available for the population trends of this species.

habitat:
Andrena minutuloides is found in a wide variety of habitats, mesophilous grasslands, xerothermophilous shrub vegetation, forest borders, roadsides, river valleys, limestone areas, from plains to mountains up to 2,000 m asl in the Caucasus. The species has two generations: the first one flies from April to May, while the second one does it from July to August, sometimes until September. The species is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species. Females forage therefore on Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae species (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Schmid-Egger 2011).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. minutuloides may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is not included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of any European countries. It occurs in protected areas across the Europe, such as Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003), Mercantour National Park (France) and Alpi Marittime Natural Park (Italy) (Schmid-Egger 2011). There are no conservation actions in place for this species. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and the threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                                Listed      as Data            Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on              population   size,            trends, habitats and threats. Future            research may show         that A. mistrensis requires listing in a threatened category.

range:
In Europe, Andrena mistrensis is only known from continental Greece and the Aegean island of Lesvos (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). The reports of the species from Ukraine in Kuhlmann et al. (2014) are apparently a mistake (V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014). Outside of Europe, A. mistrensis occurs on the Aegean coast of Turkey (Hazir et al. 2014).

habitat:
The details of the habitat in Europe are unclear, although it is known to  occupy phryganic Mediterranean shrubland on the island of Lesvos. The nesting biology and  pollen preferences of the species are not known, although one female has been collected in Turkey on yellow Brassicaceae and another one on Salix sp. (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Andrena mistrensis can be seen on the wing from late March (Grace 2010), and until the end of April in Turkey (Hazir et al. 2014).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given         the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is  known    to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased      incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                               and is not the subject of any targeted       conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found       in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is       required to    establish the population        size, trends, habitats and specific threats to the species.


range:
Andrena mitis is distributed from central and southern Europe to the Caucasus Region and Asia Minor (Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

habitat:
Andrena mitis prefers humid biotopes, and in southern areas it is usually found in mountains. This species has been collected in sunny slopes, in the coastal area of the Black Sea in Crimea, and also along river valleys, meadows and floodplain forest edges. This spring species visits flowers of the Salicaeae, Ranunculaceae (Ficaria), Asteraceae (Taraxacum), Rosaceae (Crataegus, Prunus, Cerasus) and Fabaceae (Trifolium, Cytisus) families (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005). As shown by Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl (1997), the species is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, especially on Salix species.

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. mitis may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994), Czech Republic (Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005) and Germany (Near Threatened; Westrich et al. 2008). There are no conservation actions in place for this species. Its distribution overlaps with protected areas, including the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998) and Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed       as Least Concern as the species is widespread across much of the  central and southeastern Europe (particularly within the Pannonian region) and subpopulations are presumed to be large overall and stable with  no clear identified threats to the species at a    continental scale. However,  research  should be conducted  to  determine the population size, trends and specific threats to the species.

range:
Andrena mocsaryi is known from eastern Europe, Italy, the Carpathians, Bulgaria and Greece. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in Turkey.

population:
There is no detailed available on the population size and trend of             this species in Europe. It is widespread, and although population is presumed to be stable overall, there have been local declines, such as in the Czech Republic where the species is considered now extinct.

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat of  this       species although it is clearly associated with phryganic      Mediterranean   shrublands in Attiki (Greece) (Petanidou 1994). It is oligolectic, specialising on pollen collecting from Ornithogalum (Liliaceae) (Westrich 2010, Dylewska 1987). In Attiki, it visits Ornithogalum exscapum/O. graecum. Males are known to visit Salix (Salicaceae) for nectar in addition to Ornithogalum. Other visitation records are from Salvia verbenacea, Thymelaea hirsuta (Lamiaceae), Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae), Geranium rotundifolium (Geraniaceae), Euphorbia acanthothamnos (Euphorbiaceae) and Veronica persica (Plantaginaceae). The males are regularly found visiting orchids of the genus Ophrys, such as Ophrys lutea ssp lutea, Ophrys tenthredinifera and Ophrys sphegodes ssp spegodes (Orchidaceae) (Petanidou 1994). Andrena mocsaryi flies from end of March to early May (Warncke 1974b). In Thessalia, it flies from February to March (Standfuss et al. 2011).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given          the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is   known    to     inhabit in parts of its range, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased       incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.  In   agricultural areas (such as the Great Hungarian Plain) the species could be susceptible to the direct    application of pesticides, and also indirectly through the use of  herbicides   which affect the forage plants.

conservationAction:
The species is listed in the National Red List of the Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005) but is not the subject of any targeted        conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found        in any   protected        areas, although this is likely.        Further     research   is        required to    establish the population        size, trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                            Listed      as Data        Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on          population   size,            trends and threats to the species. Future        research may show         that A. monacha requires listing in a threatened category.

range:
In Europe, Andrena monacha is only known from the Greek islands of Lesvos (Grace 2010) and Samos (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014) and from Cyprus. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in west and southern coastal Turkey, Syria and Lebanon (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat of  this        species, although it is presumed to be associated with phryganic       Mediterranean   shrublands in both Cyprus and Lesvos. Andrena monacha flies from the end of February to mid-June, and visits small yellow-flowered Fabaceae (Warncke 1974b). As the species has a lengthy flight period, it is probably bivoltine, in that it has two generations per year. The species has been recorded on Cyprus include Vicia, Hymenocarpus circinnatus, Medicago marina, Trifolium physodes, Calendula persica and Erodium species (Mavromoustakis 1949, 1951, 1952, as A. clypeata Br.). The details of the nesting behaviour are not known.

threats:
Andrena monacha is only known from a small area, but details of the threats to this species remain unknown. However,  given          the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities   it is     presumed  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an  increased       incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on  the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                and is not the subject of any targeted        conservation         action. It          is not known if it is found        in any   protected        areas.        Further     research   is        required to    establish the population        size    and trends  and the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                             Listed      as Data         Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on           population   size,            trends and threats,   and  further          information is      necessary  on     both  the      habitat and           ecological      requirements. Future        research may show         that A. monilia requires listing in a threatened category.

range:
In Europe, Andrena monilia is only known from Spain. In the Maghreb, the species occurs in Algeria and Tunisia. The species also occurs in the Middle East, from southeastern Turkey to Iran, Jordan and southern Israel (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
There is little known about the habitat or ecology of  this       species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland. Both sexes of Andrena monilia are known to fly from mid-April to the end of May (Warncke 1974b, 1976). In Algeria all specimens (females) were collected on Sinapis arvensis (Benarfa et al. 2014).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                 and is not the subject of any targeted         conservation         action. It          is not known if it is  found        in any   protected        areas.        Further      research   is        required to    establish the       details  of the          population        size, trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient, despite its wide range across many of the southern alpine regions of Europe, as there is no information available on the population size, trends and threats to the species, and further information is necessary on the ecological requirements. Future research may show that this rare species requires listing as a threatened species.

range:
The European endemic species Andrena montana is only known from Switzerland, northwards to Germany and eastwards to Austria, and across the Balkans to Greece (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this European endemic species, although Amiet et al. (2010) state that it is rare in Switzerland.

habitat:
Andrena montana is an alpine species known from the upper montane zone, being present above 2,000 m asl and at least up to 2,500 m asl (Warncke 1988). It can be assumed to occur on grasslands, rocky areas, fens, and other alpine type habitats. The details of its nesting biology and pollen forage preferences are unknown, but Amiet et al. (2010) suggest that it is polylectic and will collect pollen from a range of different plant families. The species is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, and flies from mid-June to mid-August (Grace 2010, Warncke 1973a).

threats:
The threats to Andrena montana remain unknown. However, since this species flies in the upper montane zone, a severe climate warming could therefore threaten its distribution.

conservationAction:
The species is listed on the National Red List of Germany (Data Deficient; Westrich et al. 2008), but it is not the subject of any targeted          conservation         action. It          is not known if it is   found        in any   protected        areas.        Further       research   is        required to    establish the       details  of the           population        size, trends, ecology and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data          Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information  available on            population   size,            trends and threats,   and   further          information is      necessary  on     both  the       habitat and           ecological      requirements. Future         research may show         that this extremely rare species requires listing as a threatened species.

population:
There is no specific information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its very restricted range.

habitat:
Andrena montarca is recorded from central Spain from the end of April to mid-May (Warncke 1976). No further details are available on habitat or ecology of this species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.

threats:
The threats to Andrena montarca remain unknown.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                  and is not the subject of any targeted          conservation         action. It          is not known if it is   found        in any   protected        areas.        Further       research   is        required to    establish the       details  of the           population        size    and overall   trends  in        addition to   developing    a           fuller    understanding  of       the         ecological     requirements   of   the     species     and     identifying  any             current or       likely threats. The taxonomic issues concerning the true status of the described subspecies require further clarification.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered Regionally Extinct in some European countries.

range:
Andrena morio is found through southern and central Europe, the Caucasus region, north Africa, southwestern Asia and Central Asia, reaching the Himalaya mountains (Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008,  Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
There is a presumably large population, although there is no information available for the trends of this species.

habitat:
Andrena morio occurs in different xeric and humid biotopes, including steppes and mountainous habitats up to more than 2,000 m asl within the Pamir mountain range. The species is bivoltine, in that it has two generations per year, and their flight period is from April to September.  It is a polylectic species, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species. The females collect therefore pollen from flowers of the Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae families (Osytshnjuk  1977, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk  et al. 2008).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. morio may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists of two European countries: Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005) and Germany (Regionally Extinct; Westrich et al. 2008). Its distribution overlaps with some protected areas, but there are no conservation actions in place for this species.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends, ecology and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena mucida is distributed from central and southern Europe to the Caucasus region, southwestern Asia and north Africa (Kocourek 1966, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
There is no information available for the population size and trend of this species, although the population is presumed to be small.

habitat:
Andrena mucida is a thermophilous species, preferring warm habitats found in pastures, grasslands, meadows and roadsides. It has two generations flying every year: the first one from April to June and second one from July to August. The females of the first generation collect pollen from Salix and Muscari species, and the second generation from Knautia and Scabiosa species (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005).

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists of Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005) and Germany (Regionally Extinct; Westrich et al. 2008) and its distribution overlaps with some protected areas throughout its range. There are no conservation actions in place for this species.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed       as Least Concern as the species is widespread across much of Greece. Biodiversity fieldwork suggests that the subpopulations are strong and they are presumed to be  stable, and there are no current identified threats to the species at the continental scale. However,  research  should be conducted  to  determine fuller  details of the  population  size, trends and ecology  of  the species.

range:
In Europe, Andrena mucronata is known from southern Italy (Calabria, Puglia), continental Greece and the island of Corfu. Outside of Europe, the species occurs in North Africa, throughout Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, and in the Levant in Israel, Jordan and Libya (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). The reports from Spain are misidentifications (J. Ortiz-Sanchez pers. comm 2014).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its very restricted range. It is widespread throughout the Balkan region.

habitat:
The habitats where this species is found across its entire range are unknown, but it is known to occupy phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in Attiki (Greece). The species visits the flowers: Erodium malacoides, Erodium cicutarium ssp cicutarium (Geraniaceae), Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae) and Sisymbrium orientale (Brassicaceae) (Petanidou 1994). The species is oligolectic on Geraniaceae (Geranium, Erodium) (Standfuss et al. 2011, W. Grünwaldt pers. comm. 2014). Andrena mucronata flies from March to May in the environs of Athens (Petanidou 1994). In northern Africa, it flies in February (Warncke 1974a); in Israel in March (Warncke 1970), although E. Scheuchl (unpublished data, pers. comm. 2014) recorded it from the beginning of March to beginning of April. In Greece, the species flies in April (Standfuss et al. 2011, Mavromoustakis 1961, Schmiedeknecht 1884), and from the end of March to the end of April according to unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014); and in Italy in mid-May (Warncke 1967, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). The details of the nesting biology are not known.

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However,  given           the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities   it is known  to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and  an  increased       incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on   the species. The species is also recorded outside of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of suitable habitat are presumed to remain within the species' geographic range.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                   and is not the subject of any targeted           conservation         action. It          is not known if it is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further        research   is        required to    establish the population        size, trends and threats to the species, in         addition to   developing    a           fuller    understanding  of        the         ecological     requirements   of   the     species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed       as Data          Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information   available on the population   size,            trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species. Future         research may show         that this extremely rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
Andrena murana is an Iberian endemic species and is found in Spain and Portugal (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its very restricted range.

habitat:
Andrena murana flies from early May to mid-June (Warncke 1976). There is no further information available on the habitats and ecology of this species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                   and is not the subject of any targeted           conservation         action. It          is not known if it is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further        research   is        required to    establish the population        size, trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed        as Data          Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information    available on the population   size,            trends, habitats and threats. Future         research may show         that A. muscaria requires listing as a threatened species.

range:
Andrena muscaria is endemic to continental Greece, from where it has been rarely recorded.

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, there are very few records and so the species is assumed to be rare within its very restricted range.

habitat:
Andrena muscaria is presumed to occupy phryganic Mediterranean shrublands. The species flies from the end of January to mid-March. Voeth (1989) reports that females of Andrena muscaria were observed visiting Ophrys aesculepii (Orchidaceae), presumably in the early Spring in Greece. It is oligolectic on early flowering Liliaceae, and females collect pollen predominantly on Muscari commutatum Guss., and to a far lesser extent on Gagea peduncularis Pascher. At the end of the flight season, they visit Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Females take nectar for self-provisioning on Euphorbia apios L. (Standfuss and Standfuss 2009).

threats:
Andrena muscaria is only known from a small area, but the specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given          the nature of the  Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is     presumed  to      inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased       incidence   of    fires may have a negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                    and is not the subject of any targeted            conservation         action. It          is not known if it  is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further         research   is        required to    establish the       details  of  the            population        size, trends, habitats and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution and large overall population. However further research is needed to establish the main threats affecting this species.

range:
Andrena nana is a widespread species. It is present in Europe from Portugal to Sweden, and from France to east towards Ukraine. This species is also present in northern Africa (Maghreb) and Asia (e.g., India).Both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are large.

population:
There are no precise details of the population size or trends. However, both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are large and so it can be assumed that the overall population is large too.

habitat:
Andrena nana is a polylectic species (i.e., pollen generalist). There are two generations. They fly from April to June and in July and August. The species is present in moist grassland and in steppe biotopes (Kocourek 1966). Females collect pollen on Euphorbiaceae, Salicaceae, Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae, but females show a marked preference for Brassicaceae (first generation) and Apiaceae (second generation). In Switzerland, the species can be found up to altitudes of 1,500 m (Amiet et al. 2010).

threats:
The threats to this species are not known

conservationAction:
Andrena nana is Red listed in Germany and the UK as Vulnerable (Westrich 2011, Shirt 1987), and in the Czech Republic as Endangered (Farkac et al. 2005). The species is found in protected areas.Research is needed to establish the size of the population across the range, any population trends and existing threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Vulnerable (VU) B2ab(v)At the European level, this species is listed as Least Concern because the species is widespread and overall it has a large population, with stable sub-populations in the eastern part of its range.At the EU 27 level, the species has an area of occupancy (AOO) of 136 km2, the populations are considered severely fragmented and there is a continuing decline in the number of mature individuals, though the reasons for this decline remain unknown. The species qualifies as Endangered under B2ab(v), however there is a possible rescue effect from populations in eastern Europe so the category is downlisted to Vulnerable B2ab(v).

range:
Andrena nanaeformis is widely distributed in Europe from France through to eastern Europe, and its presence in both Spain and Poland is uncertain. It is also found within parts of Asia such as south Siberia, Azerbaijan and north Kazakhstan.The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 3,273,525 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 136 km2.

population:
In most of Europe the status and population trend of this species is unknown. In the Czech Republic over the past 30 years it is only known from one locality (Bogusch et al. 2007). In the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine the population of Andrena nanaeformis is now relatively stable (V. Radchenko pers. obs. 2013). In France, the most recent findings date back to 1973, in Bulgaria 1963 (University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute 2013), and Macedonia to 1961 (Warncke 1966a). In southern Siberia (Russia), this species is relatively common (Sidorov 2010). In western parts of the range, the population is severely fragmented allowing no genetic exchange or recolonization, however, there is a possible rescue effect from populations in eastern Europe.

habitat:
This species mainly lives in wet habitats such as the valleys and banks of rivers, forest glades, steppe, and water meadows. This species visits flowers of various plants: Rosaceae (Potentilla humifusa) Brassicaceae (Sinapis arvensis, Sinapis alba, Alyssum tortuosum, Barbarea vulgaris), Salicaceae (Salix spp.), Asteraceae (Taraxacum officinale, Tussilago farfara), Ranunculaceae (Ficaria verna, Anemone spp.), Crassulaceae (Sedum spp.). The species flies from April to July and it is known to nest in the soil.

threats:
The reasons for the decline, and perhaps the local disappearance, of this species are not clear. In Ukraine there are no major threats affecting the species because it occurs in different regions of forest-steppe and has a wide range of host plants.

conservationAction:
Andrena nanaeformis is listed in the Czech Republic as Critically Endangered (Farkac et al. 2005) and in Germany as Regionally Extinct (Burger et al. 2004, Westrich et al. 2008, 2011).It is known from different protected areas, at least in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, of Ukraine.It is important to conduct further research into the distribution, population and threats to this species as very little data has been published in recent times.For the real conservation of this species, it is necessary to create a network of protected areas with a large variety of flowering plants. It is also crucial to prohibit mowing of wild species of plants during their flowering periods. Given that this species builds nests in the soil, it is also necessary to prohibit the ploughing of land at the place of its nesting.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size and trend and the threats affecting the species. Even if the species has a wide distribution, the population size is believed to be small and further research is needed to establish the status of this species.

range:
Andrena nanula is widely distributed from France to European Russia, and from Spain to Finland. It occurs in Asia, in Siberia and the Russian Far East (Primorski Kraj, Burjatia). The extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are both large.

population:
Andrena nanula is a rare species but precise details of its population size and trends are unknown. Although both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) are large, the species is seldom recorded and the overall population size is believed to be small.

habitat:
A species of open grasslands. The females are pollen specialists on Apiaceae and have been recorded principally at Daucus carota. There are two generations with the first flying in May, and the second in July and August. The species nests in burrows in the ground, which have been excavated by itself (Westrich 1989).

conservationAction:
Andrena nanula is listed in the Red Data Book and National Red Lists of Germany (Data Deficient; Westrich 2011), the Czech Republic (Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005) and Great Britain (Regionally Extinct; Shirt 1987). Although it is regarded as Extinct in Great Britain, this is based on a single specimen found in the late 19th century, and so no trend can be inferred.The species is found in protected areas.Further research is needed to establish the size of the population, and to identify any trends or threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends, habitats and ecology and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered threatened in some European countries.

range:
Andrena nasuta is distributed through central and southeastern Europe, the Caucasus region and Asia Minor (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Although presumably populations are small, there is no actual information available on the population size and trend of this species.

habitat:
Andrena nasuta prefers wooden biotopes, including forest glades and clearings. The species flies from May to June, sometimes until July. The females forage on Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae species (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl (1997) states that the species is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, on Anchusa species.

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. nasuta may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
Andrena nasuta is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following three European countries: Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008) and Lithuania (Rare; Rašomavičius 2007). Its distribution overlaps with some protected areas throughout its range, but there are no conservation actions in place for this species.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed        as Data          Deficient     as      there  is little or no    information    available on            population   size,            trends, habitats, ecology and threats. Future         research may show         that this very rare species warrants listing with  a threatened status.

range:
Andrena nebularia is endemic to Spain (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
Andrena nebularia is known from central and southern Spain, and flies from the end of March to the end of May (Warncke 1976).  There is no further information on the habitat and ecology of this species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                     and is not the subject of any targeted             conservation         action. It          is not known if  it  is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further          research   is        required to    establish the population        size, trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed        as Least Concern as the species is widespread across the eastern Mediterranean Basin, subpopulations are presumed to be strong and stable in Lesvos and there are no clear identified threats to the species at the continental scale. In addition, the Anatolian subpopulations offer the prospect of a rescue effect should there be a catastrophic loss of the subpopulations in the Aegean islands or in northern Greece. Research  should be still be conducted  to  determine the  population  size, trends and threats to the species.

range:
In Europe, Andrena neocypriaca is known from Thrace (Greece), several of the Aegean islands and Cyprus. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in Turkey along the western and southern coasts (Grace 2010).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, the species appeared plentiful in a recent biodiversity survey in Lesvos and so the subpopulations (at least there) are likely to be strong, and probably stable.

habitat:
The details of the habitat of this species are unclear, but it is known to occupy phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in Lesvos and is probably found in similar habitats elsewhere. It has been recorded visiting Crepis commutata (Nielsen 2011), Anthemis arvensis and Crepis aspera (Asteraceae) (Mavromoustakis 1957, Warncke 1974b, Grace 2010). E. Scheuchl (pers. comm. 2014) has also recorded the species in the Aegean islands on Anthemis arvensis, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Calendula arvensis, Crepis commutata, Crepis sancta, Scorzonera sublanata, Urospermum picroides and Lavandula stoechas. The species is probably oligolectic on Asteraceae (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Andrena neocypriaca flies from mid-March to mid-June. The details of the nesting biology seem to be unknown.

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given           the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is    known    to     inhabit in parts of its range, inappropriate grazing  regimes and an increased       incidence  of    fires may have a  negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                      and is not the subject of any targeted              conservation         action. It          is not known if   it  is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further           research   is        required to    establish the population        size    and trends and to identify the specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed         as Data          Deficient     as      there  is little or no     information    available on            population   size,             trends and threats,   and   further          information is       necessary  on       both  the       habitat and           ecological       requirements.   Future         research may show         that A. neovirida requires listing as a threatened species.

range:
Andrena neovirida is endemic to mainland Greece (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
The species is presumed to occupy phryganic  Mediterranean shrublands. Details of the nesting biology and pollen  requirements seem to be unknown. Andrena neovirida flies during March and April (Grace 2010). The floral records of the species include Veronica chamaedrys (Standfuss et al. 2011). It may be oligolectic on Veronica like its close relative A. viridescens; as in fact, A. neovirida and A. viridescens have both been collected together on Veronica chamaedrys in Thessalia, Greece (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given            the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is presumed    to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing   regimes and an increased       incidence  of    fires may have a   negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                       and is not the subject of any  targeted              conservation         action. It          is not  known if   it  is    found        in any   protected        areas.         Further           research   is        required to    establish the         details   of  the            population        size, trends and threats, in           addition to   developing    a            fuller      understanding  of         the         ecological      requirements   of     the     species.


range:
Andrena nigriceps is distributed from north and central Europe, in mountainous parts of southern Europe to the Caucasus region, Asia Minor and Central Asia (Kocourek 1966, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

habitat:
This species occurs in humid and mountainous biotopes, up to 2,100 m asl in the Alps, but it is also found in grasslands and forest borders. This late summer species flies from July to September, and the females forage on flowers of the Asteraceae, Polygonaceae, Brassicaeae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Ericaceae and Lamiaceae families (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Dylewska 1987, 2000).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, A. nigriceps may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following five European countries: Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2008), Netherlands (Vulnerable; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Norway (Near Threatened; Kålås et al. 2010) and Slovenia (Vulnerable; Anonymous 2002). There are no conservation actions in place for this species, and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution and presumably large population. However, further research is required to establish the trend of the population and to identify the specific threats.

range:
Andrena nigroaenea is distributed through Europe to the Caucasus region, north Africa, Asia Minor, Central Asia (Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014), Iran and Afghanistan (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

population:
Although presumably populations are large, there is no information available about the actual population size and trends of this species.

habitat:
Andrena nigroaenea occurs in humid biotopes, shrublands, woodlands and alpine grasslands up to 2,000 m asl, for example in the Alps and the Caucasus mountains. Its flight period has been reported from mid April/May to July (Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk 1977) and the species has been reported to have two generations in the extreme south of Ukraine, in Crimea (Osytshnjuk 1977). The species is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species. Therefore, females collect pollen on a variety of plant families, such as Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Grossulariaceae, Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Salicaceae, Tamaricaeae and Vaccinaceae (Kocourek 1966, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Schmid-Egger 2011).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, A. nigroaenea may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
Andrena nigroaenea is included in the National Red List of Ireland (Vulnerable; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006). Its distribution overlaps with protected areas such as the Crimean Nature Reserve in Chatyr-Dag plateau, Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977), the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003), Mercantour National Park in France and Alpi Marittime Natural Park in Italy (Schmid-Egger 2011), although there are no conservation actions in place for this species. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed         as Least Concern as the species is widespread across the western  Mediterranean Basin and biodiversity fieldwork suggests that the subpopulations are strong and stable in Italy.  There  are   no clear current  threats to the species at a     continental scale and the key forage plants (Asteraceae) are widespread, and often abundant, in a range of habitats.  Research  should be still be conducted  to  determine the population  size, trends and threats to the species.

range:
In Europe, Andrena nigroolivacea is known from the Iberian peninsula northwards to France and eastwards to the Balkan Peninsula. In the Balkan peninsula, the species is known from Croatia to continental Greece and the Aegean islands (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). It is also found on the Mediterranean islands of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Malta. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Maghreb, from Morocco to Tunisia.

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. Andrena nigroolivacea was regularly encountered across Italy (Quaranta et al. 2004) in a range of habitats. It is presumed that the subpopulations are generally strong overall and, with few exceptions, stable.

habitat:
In the Iberian peninsula, the species has been mostly recorded in Mediterranean coastal areas (Warncke 1976). Quaranta et al. (2004) found it in  a range of semi-natural and agricultural environments across Italy and Sardinia. The species is presumed to be oligolectic, specialising in collecting pollen from Asteraceae species. in common with other members of the sub-genus Chlorandrena. Flower visitation has been observed at Sonchus terrimus (Asteraceae) (Warncke 1976), Calendula arvensis and Hyoseris radiata in Corsica (Ferton 1901), Crepis clausonis (Saunders 1909), Taraxacum lævigatum (Alfken 1914) and Senecio nebrodensis (Benarfa et al. 2014) in Algeria, Sonchus terrimus in Mallorca (Warncke 1976) and Hirschfeldia incana, Ononis natrix, Cistus albidus, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sonchus tenerrimus in Ibiza (Hohman 1984). The males are pollinators of Ophrys lutea s.lat. in southern Italy, Algeria and Kefalonia (Greece) (Paulus and Salkowski 2007), and also of Ophrys fusca ssp. fusca in Spain (Vázquez Pardo 2009). Andrena nigroolivacea flies from the end of March to mid-May. Details of its nesting biology seem to be unknown,

threats:
The specific threats to this species remain unknown. However, given       the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is known   to     inhabit, inappropriate grazing regimes and an increased    incidence  of    fires may have a negative impact on the species. In   agricultural areas, the species could be susceptible to the direct   application of pesticides, and indirectly, through the use of herbicides   which affect the forage plants. The species is  also recorded outside   of Europe, and sufficiently large areas of  suitable habitat are   presumed to remain within the species' geographic  range.

conservationAction:
The species is listed on the National Red List of Switzerland (Near Threatened; Amiet et al. 1994)                                        and is not the subject of any   targeted              conservation         action. It          is not   known if   it  is    found        in any   protected        areas, although it is very likely given its wide range.          Further           research   is        required to    establish the          details   of  the            population        size, trends and specific threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information available on population size, trends and threats, and further information is necessary on both the habitat and ecological requirements. Future research may show that A. nigroviridula requires listing in a threatened category. Although the European subpopulations are severely fragmented, the extra-limital subpopulations across the Maghreb could act as source for a rescue effect in the event of a catastrophic crash in either of the European subpopulations.

range:
In Europe, Andrena nigroviridula is only known from the Iberian Peninsula, central Italy (Lazio, Emilia Romagna; E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014) and Sicily. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Maghreb, from Morocco eastwards to Tunisia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of          this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the        species is    assumed to be rare within its European range. The European centres of distribution are disjunct and the population is severely fragmented, which means there is little chance of genetic exchange between subpopulations.

habitat:
The details of the habitats occupied by this species are not known, but it is presumed to inhabit phryganic Mediterranean shrublands in at least parts of its range. The details of both the nesting biology and the pollen preferences seem to be unknown. Andrena nigroviridula flies from mid-April to early June (Warncke 1976).

threats:
The specific threats to this species are unknown. However, given            the nature of the Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities  it is presumed to     inhabit in parts of its range, inappropriate grazing   regimes and an increased       incidence  of    fires may have a   negative impact on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red List or in any Red Data Book,                                         and is not the subject of any   targeted              conservation          action. It          is not   known if   it  is    found        in  any   protected        areas.          Further           research   is         required to    establish the          details   of  the             population        size, trends and specific threats, in            addition to   developing    a             fuller      understanding  of          the         ecological       requirements   of     the      species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed         as Data           Deficient     as      there  is little or no     information     available on the population   size,             trends and threats,   and   further          information is       necessary  on        both  the       habitat and           ecological       requirements.    Future         research may show         that A. nilotica requires listing as a threatened species.

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be rare within its limited European range.

habitat:
Andrena nilotica has been recorded along Mediterranean coastal areas and presumably Mediterranean-type shrubland from mid-April to mid-June (Warncke 1976). One female has been collected on yellow Asteraceae species (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). There are no further details of the habitat and ecology of this species.

threats:
This species is only known from a rather restricted range, but the details of the threats are not available. Mediterranean coastal Spanish localities are prone to touristic, leisure and infrastructure development which could pose a threat to the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                   and is not the subject of any targeted           conservation         action. It          is not known if it is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further        research   is        required to    establish the       details  of the            population        size, trends and threats, in         addition to   developing    a           fuller    understanding  of        its ecological     requirements.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Applicable (NA)Listed  as Not Applicable as the European population of the species is most  likely to be less than 1% of the global population. The species has only  been found once on Cyprus, and it is widespread (if not common) across the Levant.

range:
In Europe, Andrena nisoria is only known from southern Cyprus. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in the Middle East, from southeast Turkey to Lebanon and Israel. It also occurs in Iran (Khodaparast and Monfared 2012). There are some incorrect records from the Maghreb, Algeria and Tunisia which actually belong to A. tebessana (Scheuchl et al. 2011).

population:
There is no information available on the population size or trend of            this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the          species is    assumed to be extremely rare within its limited European  range, and may constitute less than 1% of the global population.

habitat:
Andrena nisoria flies from the end of March to mid-May (Warncke 1974b). In Cyprus, this species is known from the coastal city of Limassol, so it can assumed to occur on coastal sand dunes. The floral records in Iran include Brassica species, Brassica napus, Matthiola (Brassicaceae) and Astragalus species (Fabaceae) (Khodaparast and Monfared 2012).

threats:
In Europe, the threats to this species are not known.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                    and is not the subject of any targeted            conservation         action. It          is not known if it  is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further         research   is        required to    establish the population        size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread, the populations are quite common and there are no major threats to the species. However, research should be conducted to determine the population trends and threats to the species.

range:
Andrena nitida is widespread and common through Europe, the Caucasus region, north Africa, southwestern Asia (Turkey, Iran), Central Asia and west Siberia (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Although the population is presumed to be large, there are no actual data regarding the trend of this species.

habitat:
Andrena nitida may be found in a variety of habitats, including mesophilous grasslands and shrub vegetation, from plains to mountains up to 1,700-2,500 m asl in the Alps and the Carpathians Mountains. The species is widely polylectic, being found on flowers of the Asteraceae, Brassicaeae, Boraginaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae, Rosaceae and Salicaceae families. It is considered as an effective pollinator of fruit trees and Cucurbitaceae species. It has two generations flying from April to September (Kocourek 1966, Dylewska 1987, Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008).

threats:
The species may be exposed to the general threats affecting the bees as reduction of habitats supporting host flowers, destruction of nesting sites by agriculture and overuse of insecticides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists of two European countries: Norway (Endangered; Kålås et al. 2010) and Sweden (Vulnerable; Gärdenfors 2010). It occurs in protected areas, such as the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003) and the Alpi Marittime Park (Piemonte) in Italy (Schmid-Egger 2011).   The species is not target to any conservation actions, and research is needed regarding the population size, distribution, trend and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least concern in view of its wide distribution and presumably large population. However, further research is needed in order to identify the population trend and main threats affecting this species.

range:
This species is found in central and southern Europe. Outside of Europe, it is found within the Caucasus region, north Africa and Central Asia eastwards to Japan (Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
Although populations are presumed to be large, there is no information available about the actual population size and trend of this species.

habitat:
Andrena nitidiuscula is found in varied open habitats, with preference for dry ones including grasslands, forest borders, field margins and roadsides. Osytshnjuk (1977) has recorded this species in steppes and forest-steppes from Ukraine and Moldova.The species has two generations: the first one flies from April to May, and the second one from July to August. The females visit  flowers of Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Campanulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae and Salicaceae families, although the first generation seems to prefer flowers of the Brassicaeae family and the second one has been found more on Apiaceae species (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987). Some authors suggests that the species is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, on Apiaceae (Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl 1997).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. nitidiuscula may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2008) and Great Britain (Rare; Shirt 1987). The species was viewed as Extinct in Netherlands (Peeters and Reemer 2003), but Raemakers (2005) recorded it in 2005 near Maastricht (Limburg). There are no conservation actions in place for this species. The species was found in Isles of Portland and Purbeck Natural Area, UK, the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area, Hungary (Jozan 2003). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)   Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size and trend and the threats affecting the species. Further research is needed to establish the status of this species.

range:
Andrena nitidula is endemic to western Europe. It is recorded from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal.

population:
Information on population size and trends is not available. This appears to be a poorly known species.

habitat:
There is little information on the habitat or ecology of this species, although it is apparently univoltine (it has one generation per year), with a long flight period. It flies from April to July.

conservationAction:
Andrena nitidula is recorded as Data Deficient in Germany (Westrich et al. 2011). It is not known if the species occurs in any protected areas.Research is necessary to establish the ecology and size of the population and to establish any trends and existing threats.


range:
This species is found through Europe to the Caucasus region, Tunisia in north Africa, and Turkey in southwest Asia (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

habitat:
This species is found in various habitats, including uncultivated fields, forest margins and dry slopes. It nests by itself in steppe slopes, rarely in sandy soils (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987). It flies from May to June on Brassicaceae (Lepidium draba, Isatis tinctoria, Barbarea vulgaris, Brassica napus, Brassica sinapistrum, Capsella bursa pastoris, Sisymbrium, Raphanus, Sinapis arvensis, Descurainia sophia), Asteraceae (Matricaria chamomilla, Bellis, Taraxacum, Centaurea, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), Fabaceae (Anthyllis vulneraria, Trifolium minus, Trifolium pratense), Crassulaceae (Sedum acre), Asparagaceae (Asparagus), Apiaceae (Daucus carota) and Ranunculaceae species (Ranunculus polyanthemus).

threats:
The specific threats for this species are not documented, but the species may be exposed to general threats affecting bees such as reduction of preferred habitats, destruction of nesting sites by agriculture activities and overuse of insecticides.

conservationAction:
Andrena niveata is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following seven European countries: Switzerland (Endangered; Amiet 1994), Czech Republic (Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2008), Great Britain (Rare; Shirt 1987), Netherlands (Critically Endangered; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Sweden (Endangered; Gärdenfors 2010) and Slovenia (Rare; Anonymous 2002).  This species was found in the protected areas of Khomutovskaya Steppe Nature Reserve and Black Sea Biosphere Reserve in Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977), the Duna Drava National Park, Hungary (Jozan 1998), but there are no specific conservation actions in place.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, distribution, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the population size, trends and specific threats to the species. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range, as it is considered extinct in Czech Republic.

range:
The species is distributed through central Europe, European Russia, the Caucasus region to Turkey, Iran, Central Asia (Turkmenistan) (Warncke 1966b, Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Schmid-Egger and  Scheuchl 1997, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014) and Siberia (Transbaicalica) (Proshchalykin 2010).

population:
Although populations are presumed to be small, there is no information available for the actual population size and trend of this species.

habitat:
This species is found in dry steppe areas, uncultivated and ruderal lands. It nests on its own and forages mainly on Brassicaceae (Cardaria draba, Erysimum, Brassica, Sinapis, Erucastrum, Sisymbrium, Barbarea), although it is also found on Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia gerardiana, Euphorbia agraria), Fabaceae (Robinia pseudoacacia, Vicia villosa, Trifolium repens), Echinaceae (Echium italicum), Convolulaceae (Convolvulus arvensis) and Asteraceae species (Crepis foetida) (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987).

threats:
There are no specific threats known for this species, although it may be affected by the reduction of habitat through transformation of steppe areas into intensive agricultural land. Besides, the overuse of pesticides may also affect the species.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red List of the Czech Republic (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005). This species has been found in protected areas in Ukraine, such as the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve (Osytshnjuk 1977) and in Hungary in the Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area (Jozan 2003) although there are no conservation actions in place for it.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information on the population size, trends, habitats and threats to the species. Further research should be conducted to establish the status of the species throughout its range.

range:
Andrena notata is endemic to the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain) (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

population:
There is no information on the population size and trends of this species. However, it is a rather rare species, represented by only a few specimens in museum collections (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitats of this species, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland. It is on the wing from the beginning of February (Hohmann et al. 1993) until the end of April (Warncke 1968). The species is probably oligolectic on Brassicaceae like other related species, and the  flower records for the species include Cakile maritima (Hohmann et al. 1993).

conservationAction:
The species is not included in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. It is not the target of any specific conservation action and it is not known whether it occurs in protected areas throughout its range. Further research should be conducted in order to establish the population size, trends, habitats and threats to the species.

useAndTrade:
The species is not used or traded commercially.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)                                    Listed         as  Data            Deficient     as      there  is little or no     information       available on the population   size,             trends, habitats and threats.    Future         research may show         that A. nucleola warrants listing with a threatened category.

range:
In Europe, Andrena nucleola is only known from mainland Greece, where it is rarely recorded. Outside of Europe, the species also occurs in northern Turkey and Azerbaijan (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, there are few specimens known and so the species is assumed to be extremely rare within its limited European range.

habitat:
Andrena nucleola flies in May, and is known to visit Salix sp. (Salicaceae) and can be assumed to occur Mediterranean-type shrubland (Warncke 1974b). According to E. Scheuchl (pers. comm. 2014), the species seems to be polylectic like its close relative A. dorsata. Most of the collected females have been found on Apiaceae and Brassicaceae (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). There is no information available on the habitats of the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books                                     and is not the subject of any targeted             conservation         action. It          is not known if  it  is    found        in any   protected        areas.        Further          research   is        required to    establish the       details   of  the            population        size, trends and threats to the species, in           addition to   developing    a           fuller     understanding  of         the         ecological     requirements   of    the     species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient in view of the lack of information on the species' population size, trend, habitats and threats. Research should be conducted to assess the status of this species.

range:
In Europe the species is only found in Italy and Sicily (Strand 1921).  Outside of Europe, the species is found in the Caucasus, Turkey (Özbek 1976, 2011), Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt (Moustafa 1986).The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 195,234 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 440 km2.

population:
Andrena numida is known from 11 localities in Italy (Warncke 1981, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Hellrigl 2006). There is no further information available on the current population trend and status of this species in Europe.

habitat:
The species flies from the end of May until mid-August. It can be found foraging on the flowers of Fabaceae spp. (especially, Onobrychis viciifolia) and Brassicaceae spp. (Raphanus sp., Sinapis sp.) (Özbek 1976, 2011). There is no further information on the species.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any national Red Lists or Red Data Books. Research should be conducted on the species’ population size, trends, distribution, habitat and ecology, and to ascertain if there are any current threats to the species. It is unknown whether the species occurs in any protected areas.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern because it has a wide distribution, can be abundant in some parts of its range and the overall population size is presumed to be large, although the sub-populations are rather small. The species is regarded as threatened in some countries and further research is needed to identify the threats to this species.

range:
Andrena nuptialis is endemic to Europe. It is distributed from from Spain to Ukraine, and from Croatia northwards to Germany. Both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are large.

population:
No detailed information of the population overall, or of population trends is available. However, both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are large, and, apart from Germany where it is listed as Endangered (Westrich et al. 2011), there are no other threat statuses listed. In suitable habitats it can be abundant. In view of this, it is assumed that the population in general is substantial.

habitat:
Andrena nuptialis has two generations. The first generation flies from April to May and collects pollen on Rosaceae (Prunus domestica, Malus sp., and Cerasus sp.). The second generation flies from July to August and the females collect pollen on Apiaceae (Eryngium campestre). They live in xeric grassland habitats.

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown, but as it forages at the unpalatable Eryngium campestre (Apiaceae) in its summer brood, it is unlikely to be affected by overgrazing of grasslands.

conservationAction:
Andrena nuptialis is Red Listed in the Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Critically Endangered; Westrich et al. 2011). The species is found in protected areas.Further research is needed to determine the overall size of the population and to identify trends and existing threats.


range:
Andrena nycthemera is found through central Europe, European Russia and Central Asia, in Kazakhstan (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977, Dylewska 1987, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Kuhlmann et al. 2012, Rasmont et al. 2013, Ascher and Pickering 2014).

population:
It is possible that the species might be locally abundant in some places, but the overall trend in Europe and exact size of the population is unknown. However, Schönitzer and Klinksik (1990) recorded a large aggregation of A. nycthemera in southern Germany near the village of Hebertshausen. This aggregation of 100 females and 100 nests was located in a sandy slope.

habitat:
Andrena nycthemera prefers humid biotopes, being found in uncultivated fields, ruderal areas with sandy embankments, sand pits, canals and ditches where the nests are placed. It nests in aggregation in slopes and cliffs, but also in horizontal surfaces as roadsides. The species has one generation flying from late March to early May, and the females are oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, collecting pollen from various species of  Salix (Osytshnjuk 2005, Schönitzer and Klinksik 1990) and Tussilago farfara (Dylewska 2000).

threats:
The specific threats for this species are not documented, but the species may be exposed to the general threats affecting the bees, such as destruction of habitats and nesting sites by agriculture, overuse of insecticides and river banks regulation.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following four European countries: Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2008), Sweden (Endangered; Gärdenfors 2010) and Switzerland (Regionally Extinct; Amiet 1994). Moreover, Andrena nycthemera is target of a Species Action Plan in Sweden.It was found in protected areas from Hungary, including Duna Drava National Park (Jozan 1998) and Latranyi Puszta Nature Conservation Area (Jozan 2003). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Listed as Data Deficient due to the lack of information on the species current population size, trends, and threats. Research should be conducted to determine the population trends and threats to the species as it is only found in a small area and may well be threatened.

range:
This species is known only from six localities in continental Greece (Sparta, Olympia, Kalavryta, Kalamata, Vytina, and Mistra) (Grünwaldt et al. 2005). Eleven specimens from five different localities, all from the Peloponnese, have also been identified (Grünwaldt et al. 2005, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).  The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 3,834 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 24 km2.

population:
The current status of Andrena olympica populations has not been investigated. The population trend is unknown. However, during the five years from 1965-1970 almost 200 specimens were collected (150 females and 36 males) (Grünwaldt et al. 2005).

habitat:
It is a spring species with a flight period from mid March until end of April. Further information on the habitat and ecology of the species is absent in the literature, although as it occurs in Greece, it can be suspected to inhabit Mediterranean-type shrubland.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information available on the population size, trends and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
Andrena optata is a ponto-east-Mediterranean species. In Europe, it is known from Albania (Warncke 1966a, 1975), Croatia (Warncke 1967), Greece (mainland: central Greece, west Greece, the Peloponnese and Attica regions - Warncke 1965a, 1966a, 1974b, 1975; Crete - Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002; some Aegean islands - Grace 2010), Macedonia (Warncke 1973a), Serbia (Vojvodina province, Deliblato - Warncke 1967, Moczar and Warncke 1972) and Montenegro (one male, 1933, Dalmatien, Kotor in coll. ETH Zürich).The species is also present in European Turkey (Istanbul - Warncke 1974b) and Ukraine (Donetsk, Kherson region and Crimea – Warncke 1974b, Osytshnjuk 1977, Radchenko 1982).   Warncke (1967) erroneously indicated this species from Hungary, because Deliblat shows a Hungarian locality that is in fact located in Serbia (former Yugoslavia – Moczar and Warncke 1972). Most likely, based on the same erroneous data, Warncke in 1974 again pointed to distributing Andrena optata in southern Hungary. These mistaken data have unfortunately been included in some monographs (e.g., Osytshnjuk 1977) and widely known databases (Fauna Europaea, Discover Life, Check list of Western Paleartic Bees). This species is also included in the checklist posted on the website “Bees of Romania” without any real data, but it is absent in the checklist of the Andrenidae family published by B. Tomozii in 2010. It has not been found in Romania but it is possible due to its occurrence in neighbouring countries (B. Tomozei pers. comm. 2014).  In Asia, Andrena optata was found in Azerbaijan and Turkey (Warncke 1975, Hazir et al. 2014).  All reports of Andrena rufomaculata from Europe belong to A. optata, with the exception of Cyprus, where the species is replaced by the A. paramythensis. The true A. rufomaculata only occurs in the Middle East where it is sympatrically distributed with Andrena optata, although there is only a small area in southeast Turkey in which both species occur.

population:
The population size and trend of this rare species remain unknown, since the most recent findings are from around 40 years ago.

habitat:
Andrena optata inhabits mostly plains and prefers dry biotopes, such as steppic areas and roadsides. It is narrowly oligolectic species, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, specifically on Brassicaceae (Radchenko and Pesenko 1994). Mavromoustakis (1957) states that it is a monolectic bee visiting the flowers only of Sinapis alba L. (Cruciferae). However, E. Scheuchl (pers. comm. 2014) states that it is not monolectic but at least oligolectic on Brassicaceae. It is univoltine, flying in one generation from the beginning of March until end of May on Cyprus.

threats:
The main threats to this species remain unknown.

conservationAction:
In order to protect this species it is necessary to prohibit: the grazing, cutting or burning of the species' forage; the use of insecticides and the ploughing of the land in which the species builds its nests. The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at some nature reserves in European countries. Further research should be conducted to determine the population trends and threats to the species.

useAndTrade:
This species is not traded or exploited commercially, but is valued as a pollinator of cruciferous plants.


range:
Andrena oralis is distributed from continental Europe eastwards to the Caucasus region in Dagestan (Osytshnjuk 1977), Asia Minor and Central Asia.  In Europe the species was recorded from Austria (Pittioni and Schmidt 1943, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Zettel et al. 2002), Czech Republic, Slovakia (Kocourek 1966), Hungary (Friese 1887, Mocsary 1900, Móczár and Warncke 1972, Jozan 2011), Macedonia (Pittioni and Schmidt 1943), Serbia (Móczár and Warncke 1972), Romania (Iuga 1960, Warncke 1967a, Warncke and Scobiola Palade 1980, Ban and Tomozei 2006), Moldova (Osytshnjuk 1977), European Russia (Nikiforuk 1957, Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977) and Greece (Warncke 1965a).  In Asia, the species was recorded from Turkey (Warncke 1967a, 1974), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (Popov 1954b, 1967a, Morawitz 1876) and Kyrgyzstan (E. Scheuchl, unpublished data, pers. comm. 2014).

population:
The species it is rare, but the population size and trend are unknown.

habitat:
Andrena oralis is a steppe species found on uncultivated fields. Females forages especially on Brassicaceae (Barbarea vulgaris, Isatis tinctoria, Erucastrum armoracioides, Sisymbrium, Brassica, Sinapis, Erysimum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardaria draba) (Pittioni and Schmidt 1943, Osytshnjuk 1977, Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl 1997), but they have also been observed on Convolvulaceae (Popov 1967a) and Ranunculaceae (Osytshnjuk 1977). Males are found on Brassicaceae (Crambe tatarica) and Rosaceae (Fragaria vesca). Nests are placed on sunny slopes and exceptionally in sandy places. The species is univoltine, in that it has one generation per year, flying from the end of April to mid June.

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, A. oralis may presumably be threatened by the reduction of suitable habitat through changes in land use (transformation of rich flower areas into monospecific agricultural fields), inappropriate field management (cutting the vegetation before or during peak of the flowering period and overgrazing), losing proper nesting sites due to agriculture activities (such as tilling) and chemical exposure due to the treatments with pesticides and herbicides.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the National Red List of Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005). There are no conservation actions in place for this species.It occurs in protected areas in Ukraine (Streltsovskaya Steppe Nature Reserve, Khomutovsky Steppe Nature Reserve, Provalskyy steppe in Lugansk Natural Reserve and Kamyani Mohyly Steppe Nature Reserve) (Osytshnjuk 1977) and Romania (Macin National Park) (Ban and Tomozei 2006). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and threats to the species.


range:
In Europe, the species is restricted to southern Iberia, where its range extends across the coastal regions of Andalucía (Spain) northwards into Portugal. Outside Europe, the species is found widely in Morocco and Algeria (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

habitat:
Little is known of the habitats or ecology of this species. However, it is known to inhabit vegetated sandy areas near the coast (and presumably adjacent Mediterranean type shrublands), and to fly early in the year, from late March to May. Details of flower visitation and pollen forage plants are not available.

threats:
Details of specific threats to the species are unknown, but given that it is found in sandy coastal areas in southern Spain and Portugal and on the margins of Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be impacted negatively by the development of tourist infrastructure and also from an increased incidence of fires.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is present in any protected area, but it is very likely to be, especially in the Parque Nacional Coto de Doñana, Spain. Further research is needed to establish full details of population size and trends, to determine and identify any specific threats and to establish further details of the ecology and life history.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)This species is listed as Least Concern because, although full details of threats are missing, the bee is widespread in distribution and seems plentiful in suitable habitats. It it is also present in large protected areas where threats are reduced or absent.

range:
Andrena orbitalis is known from the western Mediterranean region. It is widespread in Spain, Portugal, southern France, southern Italy and Sicily. In north Africa, the species is known from across the Mediterranean zone in the Maghreb (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013).

population:
There are no firm data on either overall population size or trends. However, in southern Andalucía (Spain), the species is plentiful in stabilized sandy areas near the coast and in Mediterranean shrublands. The populations there are assumed to be substantial and stable (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2003).

habitat:
Andrena orbitalis is found in open sandy areas in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities and Pistacia lentiscus/Quercus suber dehesas in Spain (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2003). The bee has a single flight period each year and is on the wing from March to May, although there are some records from June and July as well, possibly indicating a second generation (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). Females have been observed collecting pollen from Plantago species (Plantaginaceae) in Spain (S. Roberts pers. obs. 2014, E. Scheuchl pers. obs. 2014).

threats:
Details of the specific threats to the species are unknown. However, given that it is found in sandy coastal areas and on the margins of Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be impacted negatively by the development of tourist infrastructure and also from an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. Andrena orbitalis is found in both the Parque Nacional Coto de Doñana and the adjacent Parque Natural. Further research is needed to establish full details of population size and trends, to determine and identify any specific threats and to establish further details of the ecology and life history.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern because this species is widely distributed and is commonly recorded in ecological surveys so the population is assumed to be large. There are no major threats affecting the species.

range:
Andrena orientana is distributed in the south-eastern part of Europe, from Cyprus to Macedonia and Bulgaria. There is an outlying sub-population in Crimea. It also occurs in Israel and Turkey.

population:
There is no detailed information on the overall size of the population or of trends. However, it is commonly recorded in ecological surveys in phryganic habitats (Attiki and Lesvos) and so the population is assumed to be large.

habitat:
Andrena orientana inhabits Mediterranean shrublands (maquis and phrygana) and open woodland (Petanidou 1991, Nielsen et al. 2011). It flies from April to May. Females forage for pollen on Asteraceae: data gathered from specimens and observations list the following forage species: Anthemis arvensis, Calendula arvensis, Chrysanthemum segetum, Crepis commutata, Crepis sancta, Scorzonera sublanata, Urospermum picroides (Asteraceae); nectaring visits have been observed on Cistus salvifolius (Cistaceae); Asphodelus ramosus (Liliaceae). Males pollinate the orchid Ophrys lutea (Orchidaceae).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown, although, given that its preferred habitat is phrygana, there is a potential problem with inappropriate grazing regimes that remove the floral resources necessary for this species. Nevertheless, Asteraceae are abundant in these habitats, and so threats are considered to be slight.

conservationAction:
The species does not appear on any National Red List or Red Data Book and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. The species does occur within protected areas.Further research is necessary to establish the size of the population and to identify any trends or existing threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Critically Endangered (CR)EU 27 regional assessment: Not Evaluated (NE)Andrena ornata is listed as Critically Endangered because it has a restricted range. Over the past 30 years in Europe, this species is known only from three localities in the eastern part of Crimea (Ukraine) on the Kerch Peninsula, where its total extent of occurrence (EOO) is approximately 300 km² and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 8 km². The species is severely fragmented, and a clear decline in habitat quality due to the increase in the number of shrubs and trees, which is thought to be associated with changes in the global climate, and this reduces the area and quality of suitable habitat available for the species. It does not occur within the EU 27.

range:
Andrena ornata is only found in the eastern part of Crimea (the Kerch Peninsula) and Russia. Outside of Europe it is found in the southern part of the Caucasus and Kazakhstan.The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 300 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 8 km2.

population:
Populations of Andrena ornata in Crimea are very small and within the last 30 years it is only known from three localities, within 5 km2. It is a rare species and only a few specimens per year are found so there is little information available on the population trend of this species. In the neighbouring regions of Crimea this species has not been found, despite a systematic search for it. Even if rediscovered in Russia, the population will still be severely fragmented, allowing no genetic exchange or recolonisation.The information about current population status in other territories of Europe is absent. This species was last found in Russia more than 50 years ago (Nikiforuk 1957).

habitat:
This steppe species occurs in different habitats, but prefers xeric ones (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). In Crimea this species is associated with the open steppe grasslands, especially with the flowers of Crinitaria villosa (Asteraceae). In other regions it also forages on Salicaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Geraniaceae, Apiaceace, Valerianacecae and Ranunculus species. Based on the data of collection materials from different regions of Europe, it can be assumed that Andrena ornata has two generations per year (V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2013). The first generation of this species flies from May to June, and the second from late July to early September. The nesting of this species is unknown.

threats:
A decrease in the population of this species can be connected with the decrease in the number of steppe plants. In the southern steppe regions of Ukraine and Russia the rainfall has started to increase in the past decade. This has caused the steppes to turn into meadows due to increased succession and even become overgrown with shrubs and trees, therefore reducing the amount of suitable habitats for this species (V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2013).

conservationAction:
This species is listed in the Red Data Book of the Ukraine as Rare (Radchenko and Ivanov 2009). In Crimea, it occurs within the protected area, Kazantip Nature Reserve. For the conservation of this species new nature reserves should be created and the plants it feeds upon, and thus pollinates, should also be protected. Research should be conducted into the population status and trends for this species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient because the species is known only from a few localities and there is no information available regarding the population size, trends and the specific threats affecting it. Further research is urgently needed to establish the status of this species throughout its range.

range:
Andrena osychniukae is distributed through south eastern and eastern Europe, the Caucasus region and Asia Minor and Iran (Isfahan) (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).  In Europe, the species has been recorded in Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine (Warncke 1973, Osytshnjuk 1977, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).  In the Caucasus region, the species has been recorded in Azerbaijan (Osytshnjuk 1977). As for Asia Minor, the species has been recorded in Turkey (Warncke 1974b).

habitat:
Andrena osychniukae prefers dry steppe habitats, being found on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea on fallow lands, shelter belts and dry slopes. It has one generation flying from May to June, and the females visit mainly Asteraceae flowers (Anthemis ruthenica, Achilea Ieptophyla, Pyrethrum, Senecio), but rarely Brassicaeae (Osytshnjuk 1977).

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, reduction of specific habitats is presumably caused by general threats, such as land use change, converting them into intensive agricultural land. This results into a reduction of wild flowers diversity, due to mowing of the meadows during the flowering period and extensive use of pesticide.

conservationAction:
This species is not included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of any European country.  It occurs in the protected areas as Askaniya-Nova Biosphere Reserve and Black Sea Biosphere Reserve in Ukraine (Osytshnjuk 1977) and the Macin Mountains National Park (Ban and Tomozei 2006), although there are no conservation actions in place for this species.Further research is required regarding the population size, distribution and trends so as to establish the current status of the species throughout its range, identifying specific threats, and investigating its taxonomy.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends, habitat, ecology and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
In Europe, the species is found in montane regions of the southern Balkans in Macedonia and Bulgaria (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). It also occurs further east in Anatolia and Azerbaijan (Kuhlmann et al. 2013), the Caucasus, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, Algeria and Morocco.

population:
There is no information on the population size and trend of this species.

habitat:
The species lives mainly in dry mountainous habitats. Adults are known to be active from May to July in Bulgaria (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014), and females were seen visiting only the flowers of Cruciferous species (unpublished data, A. Osytshnjuk).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. It is unknown whether it occurs within any protected areas. Further research should be conducted to determine the distribution, population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT)EU 27 regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT)  Listed as Near Threatened as the species' population is suspected to have declined by almost 30% over the past 10 years. As the species is an important pollinator of alfalfa and other crops and is currently threatened by agricultural practices such as the use of insecticides and the ploughing of the species' nests, it may require placing in a threatened category with further data available. Research should therefore be conducted in order to determine the status of this species. The species qualifies as Near Threatened based on Criterion A2.

range:
Andrena ovatula is one of the most widespread species of bees in Europe. The species is found throughout Europe (except at the extreme north), North Africa, Asia Minor, Israel, the Caucasus (Warncke 1966a, b, 1969b, 1974b, Wafa et al 1972), Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan (Popov 1967a, Ponomareva 1960, Warncke 1973b), Siberia, and it reaches the Far East of Russia and China (Yasumatsu 1941). It has also been recorded once from the USA, Illinois, Champaign, Tolono (GBIF 2014).

population:
Andrena ovatula populations in most European countries might be decreasing, although this is only estimated from the amount of specimens in different collections over the past 10 years. This species is suspected to have declined by around 30% (V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014), and this also follows from the estimates of the amount of collected specimens in the different European collections over the past 10 years. A particularly strong decline in the number is observed in the northern regions of Europe. For example, it is included in the Red list of Netherlands as Vulnerable (Peeters and Reemer 2003; De rode lijst 2012) and in the Red List of Finland as Regionally Extinct (Rassi et al. 2010).

habitat:
Andrena ovatula inhabits many different biotopes, both natural and cultural, and it is found on flower-rich grasslands, as well as heathlands. It is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, but with a large preference for flowers of leguminous plants in all parts of its range. However many specialists consider this species as oligolectic, i.e., it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, specifically on leguminous plants (Stöckhert 1933, Pittioni and Schmidt 1943, Ponomareva 1960, Kocourek 1966, Warncke 1966a, Popov 1967a, Pesenko 1972, Osytshnjuk 1977, Westrich 1989, Radchenko and Pesenko 1994). In reality, females also collect pollen from the flowers of other different plants, including species of the following families: Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Brassicaceae, Ranunculaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae and Scrophulariaceae. It flies from March until September, and has two generations per year.This species builds nests in the ground, including fields, and they create aggregations, sometimes numbering up to several thousand nests (Wafa et al. 1972). In some places the density of nests can reach up to 100 per square metre. However, in most parts of Europe, they settle in very small aggregations or alone. Each nest consists of a main burrow (length of about 20 cm) and lateral burrows at the end of which is located a single cell. Inside the cell, the female stores a spherical pollen loaf, on which she lays a single egg. The cell walls are coated with a moisture-resistant secretary waxy substance that is produced from Dufour gland. Its nest can be parasitized by the kleptoparasitic bee, Nomada rhenana (Stöckhert 1933, Popov 1967a).

threats:
The main threats to the species are the ploughing and the application of pesticides and insecticides to fields on which the species build their nests. The mowing of flowering plants during the time in which adult bees forage is also a threat to the species' access to nutrients.

conservationAction:
This species is included in the Red List of Finland (Regionally Extinct; Rassi et al. 2010), Ireland (Data Deficient; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006), the Netherlands (Vulnerable; Peeters and Reemer 2003), Germany (Least Concern; Westrich et al. 1998, 2008, 2011) and the Free State of Saxony (Endangered; Burger et al. 2004). The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at many Nature Reserves in most European countries. Further research is required to confirm the population size and trends of this species.As the species is useful for the pollination of crops that honey bees do not pollinate, such as alfalfa, it is necessary to preserve the plants during their flowering, prohibiting the use of insecticides on the fields during flowering and avoiding ploughing the fields immediately after their use in order to protect the species. There are are a number of techniques that can be used to increase the species on alfalfa fields (see Radchenko 1982, Pesenko and Radchenko 1993).

useAndTrade:
In most regions of the Palaearctic this species is one of the main pollinators of leguminous plants, especially alfalfa, which are not pollinated by honey bees (Popov 1956, Pesenko and Radchenko 1994).


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)This species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information on population size or trends, habitats, ecology, or threats. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
Andrena oviventris is known from the western Mediterranean region, being widespread in Spain and Portugal. Additionally, there are some records indicating that the species is also present in France (Kuhlmann et al. 2013, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014). In North Africa, the species is known from across the Mediterranean zone in Morocco and Algeria (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
There is no information available on either overall population size or trends of this species.

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitats and ecology of this species, and details of flower visitation and pollen forage plants are likewise not available. However, the phenology of this species is recorded from March to May (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is found in any protected areas.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


range:
Andrena paganettina is found through the eastern Mediterranean, being known from Greece (including Crete and the Eastern Aegean Islands). Outside of Europe, it is present in Anatolia and the northern Levant (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013).

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitat and ecology of this species, although it is almost certainly associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands. Details of flower visitation and pollen forage plants are likewise not available.

threats:
Details of specific threats to the species are not known, but given that it is most likely found in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be impacted negatively by an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range. Further research is needed to establish full details of population size and trends, to determine and identify any specific threats and to establish further details of the ecology and life history.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)This species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on population size or trends, habitats, ecology, or threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
Andrena pallidicincta is found through the eastern Mediterranean, and it is known from the Balkan Peninsula and Crete. Outside of Europe, it is present in Anatolia and the Levant (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013).

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitats and ecology of this species, although it is almost certainly associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands. Details of flower visitation and pollen forage plants are likewise not available. However, some records indicate that the species flies from March to May in Greece (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

threats:
Details of specific threats to this species are not known, but given that it is most likely found in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be impacted negatively by an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is found in any protected areas throughout its range. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient as, although the species is threatened by agricultural practices, there is little information available on the population size and trends. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species as it may well require categorising in a threatened category.

range:
Andrena pallitarsis is mainly distributed throughout central Europe (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), but it is also known from the eastern regions of European Russia and the adjacent area of western Kazakhstan (unpublished data Osytshnjuk, V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014). In Asia, it is found in western Siberia (Eremeeva et al. 2011, Krainov 2013) and Azerbaijan (Yunusov 2012), although the latter finding is dubious as it has not been confirmed by specialists.In Europe, it is known from Austria (all states except Vorarlberg, Gusenleitner et al. 2012), Switzerland (Mittelland West, Alpensüdseite) (Warncke 1967a, 1981, Schwartz et al. 1996), Czech Republic (Bohemia and Moravia), Slovakia (Kocourek 1966, Přidal 2004, Straka et al. 2007), Spain (only Catalonia: Barcelona - Ceballos et al. 1956; Provincia de Tarragona, Calafell - Warncke 1976), southern Germany (Westrich and Dathe 1997, Westrich et al. 2000, Mandery et al. 2003), France (east, south and southwest: Stoeckhert 1924, Warncke et al. 1974, Rasmont et al. 1995), Hungary (Moczar and Warncke 1972, Józan 2011), Slovenia (Gogala 1999), north Italy (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Hellrigl 2006, Pagliano 1995), Luxembourg (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Romania (Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980) and Russia (Republic of Bashkortostan, Tolbazy - Warncke 1967a; Lipetsk Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Tyul’gan, Perm Krai, Bulgakovo, Taush -unpublished data Osytshnjuk, V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014).It is suspected to occur in Belgium and northern France although there are no point data (Patiny and Terzo 2010).

population:
Andrena pallitarsis populations in many European countries are in decline. For example, until 2000 this species was known from 14 different localities in Slovenia, but in a recent survey it was not found anywhere in Slovenia (Gogala 2014). The species has experienced a strong long-term decline and a moderate short-term decline in Germany (Westrich et al. 2011). The main reason for the decrease in the number of populations is associated with the sharp reduction in the area of habitats in which the species can live. At the same time, the reduced abundance of its major food plants, Apiaceae species, with which the species is trophically associated, can be related to potential declines in this species. In other countries within its range, this species is known to be very rare.

habitat:
Andrena pallitarsis inhabits different biotopes, but predominantly xerophytic areas such as steppes, mountain slopes, wastelands or brownfield sites and other places where its host plants are flowering. It is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage on a narrow range of flowering plant species, specifically upon the flowers of Apiaceae species (Warncke 1981, Gogala 1999). In particular, Andrena pallitarsis was recorded on the flowers of Bupleurum falcatum (Lukáš et al. 1999), Libanotis intermedia, Pimpinella saxifraga, Ferula songorica, Ferula tatarica, Chaerophyllum proscottii, Libanotis montana and Falcaria rivini (data from the collection of Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg). However, this species also sporadically occurs on Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia virgata), Asteraceae (Carduus acanthoides) and Lamiaceae (Stachys palustris) (unpublished data Osytshnjuk, V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014). In the temperate zone, this species is univoltine (it has one generation per year) and flies in July and August (Gogala 1999), but in more southern regions it has two generations, with the first beginning at the end of April (Stoeckhert 1924, Warncke 1976). The species is parasitised by Nomada errans, which lay their eggs in the cells of Andrena pallitarsis (Celary 1995).

threats:
The main threats to this species include the ploughing of fields, the application of insecticides and pesticides to the fields on which they build their nests, and grazing pressure from domestic livestock on flowering plants during the time when adult bees forage.

conservationAction:
The species is listed in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the Czech Republic (Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Critically Endangered; Westrich et al. 2011) and Switzerland (Endangered; Amiet 1994). It is also included in the Regional Red List of Carinthia in Austria (Vulnerable; Ebmer 1999) and the Regional Red Data Book of Kuznets-Salair mountain region of Russia as Vulnerable (Eremeeva et al. 2011). The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at nature reserves in some European countries (especially in Hungary, Italy, Slovakia and Russia). Further research should be conducted to determine the population size, trends and specific threats to the species.In order to protect the species, it is necessary to preserve the wild plants that they feed upon and prohibit the use of insecticides and pesticides during the flowering of the wild plants.

useAndTrade:
This species is not traded or exploited commercially, but is valued as a pollinator of Apiaceae species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)This species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on population size or trends, habitat, ecology and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species, especially considering its restricted distribution. Further research could improve the existent knowledge and warrant a more accurate threat status.

range:
In Europe, Andrena palumba is apparently restricted to the island of Sicily (Italy). Outside of Europe, it is found in Tunisia and Morocco (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013).

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitats and ecology of this species, although it is almost certainly associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands. Details of flower visitation and pollen forage plants are, likewise, not available. However, there is evidence of a female individual visiting Hippocrepis species in Morocco (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

threats:
Details of specific threats to the species are not known, but given that it is most likely found in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could negatively be impacted by an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is found in any protected areas throughout its range. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitats, ecology and life history, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread and the population is stable.

range:
Andrena pandellei is predominantly a Mediterranean species that is found from the Iberian peninsula east towards Ukraine and Greece. It is found as for north as southern England. It can be found from Austria (from all regions; Warncke 1981, Schwarz et al., 1996, Ebmer 1999, Schwarz and Gusenleitner 2000, Artmann-Graf 2008), Belgium (Patiny and Terzo 2010, Koel 2014), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Warncke 1966a), Bulgaria (Atanasov 1972), Czech Republic (Kocourek 1966, Kula and Tyrner 2003, Přidal 2004, Straka et al. 2007, Bogusch et al. 2009), Croatia (Moczar and Warncke 1972, Józan 2009), France (mainland and Corsica: Warncke 1967a, Rasmont et al. 1995, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Germany (all Federal States except Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein: Burger and Winter 2001, Dathe 2001, Burger 2011, Kroupa et al. 2012), Greece (mainland: Mavromoustakis 1960, Warncke 1965a, Grace 2010), Hungary (Moczar and Warncke 1972), Italy (mainland: Quaranta et al. 2004, Hellrigl 2006; Sicily: Warncke 1967a), Luxembourg (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Macedonia (Warncke 1966a), Montenegro (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Netherlands (Peeters and Reemer 2003, Raemakers 2009, Koel 2014), Poland (Banaszak 2000, Pawlikowski 2001, Wiśniowski and Werstak 2009), Portugal (Saunders 1881, Warncke 1976), Romania (Moczar and Warncke 1972, Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980), Slovakia (Lukáš et al. 1999, Přidal 2004, Straka et al. 2007), Slovenia (Gogala 1991, 1999), Spain (Warncke 1976, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Ortiz-Sánchez 2011, Ruiz 2012), Switzerland (Schwarz et al. 1996, Artmann-Graf 2008, Kohli 2008) and Ukraine (only Kyiv, Lviv and Transcarpathian regions: Lebedev 1933, Noskiewicz 1934, Kuntze and Noskiewicz 1938, Osytshnjuk 1977; Crimea: A.Z. Osytshnjuk unpublished data V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014).  The species is also indicated for Moldova (de Jong 2013), but it is absent in the literature for this country.Andrena pandellei is also known from Azerbaijan (Osytshnjuk 1977), Turkey (Warncke 1974b, Özbek 1976), Algeria (Pérez 1895) and Morocco (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).

population:
The populations of Andrena pandellei in most European countries are stable as it has been collected from a number of European countries in the last 10 years. It is listed as Least Concern in the National Red Lists of Poland (Banaszak 2002; Wiśniowski and Werstak 2009) and the Czech Republic (Bogusch 2014), and not included as threatened in Slovenia (Anonymous 2002) or Slovakia (Lukáš 2001, Farkac et al. 2005), despite its obvious presence. The relative stability of Andrena pandellei is associated with the fact that this species is able to forage upon a broad number of plant species and is not so reliant on bluebells, although they are the species' preferred food source.

habitat:
Andrena pandellei inhabits different biotopes but prefers moist forested areas including mountain meadows, forest edges and glades. It also occurs on dry meadow slopes. In the mountains it was recorded at altitudes between 1,400-1,600 m asl (Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). In most parts of its area this species flies from the end of April until the end of June. It is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, and it is associated with bluebells (Campanulaceae; Westrich 1989, Radchenko and Pesenko 1994) such as Campanula patula, C. rapunculoides and C. sibirica. However, sometimes the females visit flowers of the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Serophulariaceae, Rosaceae and Brassicaecae (Kocourek 1966) so perhaps the species is broadly oligolectic. The relative stability of Andrena pandellei populations could be associated with the fact that this species is not so closely linked with bluebells and can therefore survive in the absence of such flowers. The males of Andrena pandellei have been recorded pollinating Ophrys sphegodes (Orchidaceae) by pseudocopulation (Devillers and Devillers-Terschuren 2004). It nests primarily on clay soils, forming the small aggregations, although Kocourek (1966) observed a colony, numbering more than 100 nests. The nests are parasitized by Nomada braunsiana Schmiedeknecht, 1882 (Stöckhert 1933).

threats:
The main threats to this species comes from the ploughing of fields, the application of insecticides and pesticides to the fields on which they builds their nests and grazing pressure from domestic livestock on flowering plants during the time when adult bees forage. Of particular importance is the overgrazing of dry slopes that leads to the disappearance of bluebell meadows that usually appear in mid-May.

conservationAction:
In order to protect the species, it is necessary to preserve the bluebells that they feed upon, prohibit the use of insecticides and pesticides during the flowering of these bluebells, and prevent grazing from livestock upon bluebells. The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at nature reserves in some European countries. The species is listed in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2011), the Netherlands (Regionally Extinct; Peeters and Reemer 2003, De rode lijst 2012 - although the species was found in Limburg province in 2006 and 2009 by Koel (2014)) and Switzerland as Endangered (Amiet 1994, BAFU 2009).

useAndTrade:
The species is not traded or exploited commercially, but is considered to be an important pollinator of bluebells (Campanula) (Radchenko and Pesenko 1994).


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)This species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information on population size or trends, habitats, ecology, or threats. Further research is needed to assess the status of this species, especially considering its small European distribution.

range:
In Europe, the species is restricted to the Canary Islands, mainland Spain and Portugal. Elsewhere, it is known from the Maghreb, Anatolian Turkey and the Levant (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2014).

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitat and ecology of this species. However, it has been reported to fly from April to May in both Spain and Tunisia (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

threats:
The specific threats to the species are unknown.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern because although the species has relatively a restricted distribution in Europe, it is commonly recorded in ecological surveys so the population is assumed to be large. There are no major threats affecting the species.

range:
Andrena panurgimorpha is present in the Mediterranean islands (Kriti, Lesvos and Cyprus), Crimea, and possibly Italy (Mavromoustakis 1957, Warncke 1969, Osytshnjuk 1977, Osytshnjuk et al. 2005, Grace 2010). It is also present in Asia from Turkey to Iran and Israel.

population:
No details of the overall population size or threats are available. However, the species appears regularly in ecological surveys (Attiki and Lesvos) and so the population is assumed to be large.

habitat:
Andrena panurgimorpha lives in xeric biotopes, and particularly in Mediterranean shrublands (maquis and phrygana). It flies from March to April. Females are specialists on Asteraceae but species of  Brassicaceae (Sisymbrium orientalis) and Fabaceae (Medicago sativa) are visited for nectar (Özbek 2008). Data gathered from specimens and observations in the Greek islands list the following forage species: Crepis commutata, Crepis sancta, Reichardia picroides, Scorzonera sublanata (Asteraceae); Anthyllis hermanniae (Fabaceae). Males pollinate Ophrys in Greece (Borg-Karlson et al. 1985).


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)This species is listed as Least Concern because, although complete details of threats are missing, the bee has a very broad distribution and the population is assumed to be large overall. However, further research is needed to determine the precise population size and trends, habitat and ecology and specific threats to the species.

range:
Andrena panurgina is found across the western and central Mediterranean region. It is widespread in Spain, Portugal, southern France, southern Italy and Sicily. There is an isolated subpopulation in Attiki (mainland Greece). In North Africa, the species is known from the Mediterranean zone in the Maghreb (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013).

population:
There are no specific data on the population size and trends of this species, although with such a wide distribution, the overall population is likely to be large.

habitat:
Little is known about the habitats and ecology of this species, although there is information on the species being associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands. Andrena panurgina is known to visit flowers of Brassicaceae such as Hirschfeldia incana in Greece (Petanidou 1994), but whether this is a pollen source is unknown. E. Scheuchl (unpublished data, pers. comm. 2014) lists visitation to Raphanum raphanistrum (Brassicaceae), and various Geraniaceae and Asteraceae in Spain. Specimen data reveals the species is univoltine, in that it has a single flight period each year, and is on the wing from February to May.

threats:
Details of specific threats to the species are unknown. However, given that it is found in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be negatively impacted by an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is found in any protected areas, but given the breadth of its range, it is very likely to. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is little to no information available on the population size, trends, habitat, ecology and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
Andrena paramythensis has only been found in Cyprus (Mavromoustakis 1957) and the Osmaniye Province in southern Turkey (Hazir et al. 2014). Also this species was noted in Turkey by Grace (2010) but without any specific data.

population:
The current status of the populations of this species in Cyprus remains unknown, since its latest findings here are dated from more then 40 years ago (Warncke 1974b) and only one specimen is known from Osmaniye Province in southern Turkey that collected in 2005 (Hazir et al. 2014).

habitat:
The habitats and trophical links of Andrena paramythensis are unknown, although it may occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland. The flight period in Cyprus is from early March to mid-April (Warncke 1974b), and until mid May in Turkey (Hazir et al. 2014).

threats:
The main threats to this species are unknown.

conservationAction:
In order to protect this species it is necessary to prohibit: the grazing, cutting or burning of the species' forage; the use of insecticides and the ploughing of the land in which the species builds its nests. The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at some nature reserves in European countries. Further research should be conducted to determine the population trends, habitats, ecology and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
This species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information on population size or trends, habitats, ecology or threats. Further research is needed in order to establish the actual status of this species, especially considering its small extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) and the fact that it is a Cyprus endemic.

range:
This species is endemic to the island of Cyprus (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013).

population:
There is no information available on the population size and trend of this species. However, both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) are small.

habitat:
There is little information available on the habitats and ecology of this species, although it is likely to be associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands. Andrena pareklisiae is known to visit flowers of Sinapis alba and Alyssum campestre hirsutum (Brassicaceae) in Cyprus (Mavromoustakis 1957, Grace 2010), but whether this is a pollen source is unknown. The species is univoltine, in that it has a single flight period each year, and is on the wing from February to May.

threats:
Details of specific threats to the species are unknown. However, given its presence in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be impacted negatively by an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is found in any protected area throughout its range.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution although its population is rather small and the species is rare. The species forages in a number of plants though the threats to this species are unknown.

range:
Andrena parviceps is distributed across Europe from Spain to Ukraine, predominantly in the south. In Asia, it is present in the Caucasus, Iran and Turkey. Both the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are large.

population:
Andrena parviceps is very rare across its range, but over the entire range, the overall population is assumed to be quite large. Precise details of overall population size and trends are lacking.

habitat:
Andrena parviceps is polylectic and forages at a wide range of plants, including Salix sp. (Kocourek 1966, Osytshnjuk 1977) and Prunus divaricata (Osytshnjuk et al. 2008). It flies in two generations, from early spring to summer (Warncke 1974). Usually occurs in woodland edge in montane biotopes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red List or Red Data Book, although it is listed as Extinct in the checklist of Hungarian Sphecidae and Apidae species (Jozan 2011) and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is, however, likely to be found in protected areas.Further research is necessary to establish details of the population size, trends and threats.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)This species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on population size and trends, habitats, ecology, or threats to the species. Further research is needed to assess the status of this species, especially considering its very small European distribution.

range:
In Europe, Andrena passerina is restricted to the island of Sicily (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013). Elsewhere, it is found in the Maghreb where it occurs in both Algeria and Tunisia.

habitat:
There is no information available on the habitat and ecology of this species, although it is likely to be associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands.

threats:
The threats to this species are unknown. However, given that it is found in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be impacted negatively by an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is found in any protected area throughout its range. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient because the species has only recently been identified and the population trends and threats are not known. Research should be conducted to determine the population trends and threats to the species, while determining if it occurs elsewhere in Europe.

range:
This species is distributed in Switzerland and in the north of Italy, predominantly on the southern edge of the Alps, where it is found at altitudes up to 1,200 m. It has mainly been found at altitudes of 500 m. The species is endemic to Europe.The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 88,814 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 80 km2.

population:
There is no information on the population size and trend for this species.

habitat:
The species inhabits mountain slopes covered with grass. The species flies in spring, from early April until end of May. There are very few observations on flower-visiting. Two females were found when collecting pollen on Taraxacum officinale. Males were also observed in patrolling or nectar-feeding on Taraxacum officinale and willows (Salix sp.) (Schwenninger 2007).

conservationAction:
The species is not listed in any National Red Lists or Red Data Books. It has been found within protected areas such as Parco Naturale del Monte Avic, Italy. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is little information available on the population size and trends for this species. The species may require placing in a threatened category as the species is an important pollinator of bluebells and is currently threatened by agricultural practices such as the ploughing of its nests, overgrazing of its preferred habitat, the loss of bluebells and the use of insecticides and pesticides. Research should therefore be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
Andrena paucisquama is primarily an eastern European steppic species that occasionally occurs in the western Mediterranean (Ebmer 2009). The overall area of this species covers Austria (from all regions except Salzburg, Tirol and Vorarlberg - Schwarz et al. 1996), Bulgaria (Warncke 1967a), Czech Republic (only Moravian Region - Kocourek 1966, Přidal 2004, Bogusch et al. 2007, Straka et al. 2007), Croatia (Józan 2009), France (only the south-east - Rasmont et al. 1995, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate and Brandenburg States - Westrich and Dathe 1997), Greece (mainland; Noskiewicz 1924), Greece (Lesbos, Rodos, Samos; Grace 2010), Macedonia (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Moldova (Osytshnjuk 1977, Andreyev et al. 1986), Montenegro (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Poland (Banaszak 1980, Pawlikowski 2001, Banaszak et al. 2006), Romania (Moczar and Warncke 1972), Russia (Republic of Mordovia - Ruchin 2008; the Ulyanovsk region, the Sursky, Melekessky, Cherdaklinsky, Kuzovatovsky and Ulyanovsky districts - Blagoveshchenskaya and Popova 1994, Popova 2008; the Nature Reserve “Galich’ya Gora” - Kuznetsova 1990; and Bashkortostan - Osytshnjuk 1977), Slovakia (Přidal 2004, Bogusch et al. 2007), Slovenia (Gogala 1999), Spain (only Andalusia; Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Ortiz-Sánchez 2011), Ukraine (Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Lugansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odessa, Ternopil, Transcarpathian regions and Crimea; Kinel (Noskiewicz 1924, 1930, Osytshnjuk 1977, Radchenko 1982).It was indicated for Switzerland (de Jong 2013), but it is absent in any checklist covering this country (see: Amiet 1994, Schwarz et al. 1996, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002).Andrena paucisquama is known from Asia, where it is found in Armenia, Georgia (Osytshnjuk 1977), Azerbaijan (Osytshnjuk 1977, Maharramov 2009) and Turkey (Warncke 1974b, 1975).

population:
Andrena paucisquama populations in many European countries are thought to be strongly declining. The main cause of the decline is the sharp reduction in the area of habitats in which this rare species can reside. The abundance of bluebells, its major food source, has also decreased throughout Europe.

habitat:
Andrena paucisquama inhabits a variety biotopes, such as meadows, forests, grasslands, semi-deserts and rocky areas, sub-alpine and alpine mountain zones, although it prefers the forest edge habitats. In southern Europe, it lives in man-made forests and ravine forests, especially near bluebells with which it is trophically related. It is oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, and the females collect pollen from different species of Campanulaceae. The males and young females spend the night inside the flowers of these plants (usually in Campanula sp.). However, it has been occasionally observed on the flowers of other plants: Rosaceae (Potentilla pimpinelloides), Geraniaceae (Geranium sp.), Plantaginaceae (Veronica sp.), Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia semivillosa), Asteraceae (Inula hirta), Fabaceae (Trifolium europaeus), Brassicaceae (Bunias orientalis), Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus repens) (Osytshnjuk 1977, Radchenko 1982, Kuznetsova 1990). The males of Andrena paucisquama have been recorded as a pollinator of Ophrys aesculapii (Orchidaceae) through pseudocopulation (Paulus 2001). In most parts of its area, this species flies from May until June. The nesting behaviour is unknown.

threats:
The main threats to this species come from the ploughing of land in which the species builds its nests, the use of insecticides and pesticides on fields, and overgrazing of bluebells by domestic livestock during the time when the adult bees forage. According to Ebmer (2009), females could not be found because small-flowered bluebell meadows had disappeared in mid-May due to the overgrazing of this habitat. The loss of the species' habitat and preferred food source are thought to be causing the species to decline throughout Europe.

conservationAction:
Andrena paucisquama is listed in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of Poland (Vulnerable; Witkowski et al. 2003), the Czech Republic (Endangered; Farkač et al. 2005) and Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2011). It has also been listed in the Regional Red List of Brandenburg State of Germany (Critically Endangered; Dathe et al. 2000) and the Regional Red Data Book of Ulyanovsk Region of Russia (Popova 2008). It is unknown whether it occurs within any protected areas. Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends of the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is little or no information on the population size, trends, habitats and threats to the species. Further research is needed in order to establish the status of this species throughout its range.

range:
Andrena pauxilla is a European endemic species. It has been recorded from the Czech Republic, France (mainland), Germany, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain (including the Balearic Islands) and Switzerland, but due to past taxonomic issues it is uncertain whether all these records belong to A. pauxilla (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

habitat:
Andrena pauxilla is bivoltine (Stöckhert 1935, Kocourek 1966, Warncke 1976), in that it has two generations per year. In Central Europe, it flies from April to May and from the end of June to August (Stöckhert 1935, Kocourek 1966). In Spain, it is on the wing from the beginning of March to the end of May/beginning of June and from mid-May to mid/end of June (Warncke 1976). The first generation visits predominantly Brassicaceae species (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardaria draba, Brassica, Thlaspi), and the second generation visits predominantly Apiaceae (Kocourek 1966). There is no further information on the habitats that this species inhabits, although it can be assumed to occur on Mediterranean-type shrubland.


range:
Andrena pellucens is regarded by Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002) to be a European endemic species that is widely, but sparingly distributed across Europe, from northern Spain north-eastwards to Hungary. Additionally, it has recently been discovered in Slovenia (Gogala 2011) and Greece (Standfuss et al. 2011, Kuhlmann et al. 2013). Kuhlmann et al. (2014) also shows the presence of the species in Algeria, but E. Scheuchl (pers. comm. 2014) regards this as extremely doubtful.

habitat:
The species is found in grasslands, and is also likely to be associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands. A large nesting aggregation in a cart track crossing a meadow on a sunny slope in Slovenia has also been reported (Gogala 2011). Andrena pellucens is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, and collects pollen from Colchicum, Smilax and related plants of the Liliaceae and Iridaceae families (Standfuss and Standfuss 2010). Gogala (2011) also lists Leontodon, Cichorium and Crepis (Asteraceae) as probable pollen sources in Slovenia, but whether this is a pollen source is unknown. The species is univoltine, in that it has a single flight period each year, and is on the wing from August to October.

threats:
Details of specific threats to the species are unknown. However, given that it is found in Mediterranean dwarf shrub communities, it could be impacted negatively by an increased incidence of fires and inappropriate grazing regimes. Grasslands are also prone to inappropriate grazing.

conservationAction:
The species is not listed on any National Red Lists or Red Data Books and is not the subject of any targeted conservation action. It is not known if the species is found in any protected area, but given its range, it is quite likely.Further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends, habitat and ecology, and threats to the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
Global and European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)Listed as Data Deficient as there is no information available on the population size, trends, habitat, ecology and threats to the species. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
This species has only been found in Europe from Greece and Ukraine (Warncke 1975, E. Scheuchl pers. comm 2014).

population:
There is no information available for the population size and trend of this species. It has been found from the Peloponnese, Chelmos (Warncke 1975), five males were identified from Thessaloniki, one male from Ioannina, both in Greece, and three females, three males from Amvrosievka/Donezk Oblast in Ukraine (E. Scheuchl pers. comm 2014).

habitat:
This species flies in June and was found on mountain slopes. The specimens from Ukraine were collected on Alyssum tortuosum, and the male from Ioaninna in Greece was found on Salix sp.. There is no further information the species' habitat and ecology.


range:
This species is indicated for Greece but there are no published records in the literature. However, in the R.W. Grünwaldt in Munich there are six specimens of Andrena phoenicura, and it is possible that some of them could have been collected in Europe. One male was identified as Andrena phoenicura from the Langada-pass/ Lakonia on the Peloponnese (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).  Outside of Europe the species is found in central, southern and eastern parts of Turkey (Warncke 1974b, 1975, Özbek 1976, Grace 2010).

habitat:
As the species is only known from Greece, it can be assumed to occur in Mediterranean-type shrubland. The species is thought to fly from mid May until the end of June. There is no further information available on the habitat and ecology of this species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread, the populations are presumed to be stable in most European countries and because it prefers a wide range of habitats. However, research should be conducted to determine future population trends of the species.

range:
One of the most widespread species of bees globally. Andrena pilipes is found throughout Europe (except the northern regions of Sweden, the United Kingdom and European Russia) (Stöckhert 1933, Popov 1967a, Warncke 1976, Osytshnjuk 1977). It is also found in North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya) (Warncke 1967a, 1967b), Asia Minor (Warncke 1969a, 1974b), Israel, Jordan (Grace 2010), the Caucasus region (Bogachev 1951, Aliyev 2013), Kazakhstan (Tadauchi 2008), Central Asia (Popov 1967a), Iran (Radoszkowski 1871), Afghanistan (Warncke 1973b, Dunford et al. 2014), Siberia (Sidorov 2010), the Far East of Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan (Yasumatsu 1941, Wu 1965, Osytshnjuk 1995), India and Pakistan (Tadauchi 2008, Xu and Tadauchi 2011). It has been found in North America (USA - Illinois, Champaign, Tolono - GBIF 2014).  In addition, this species was indicated in Finland (Vikberg 1986), where it was included in the National Red List as Endangered (Rassi et al. 2001), while the actual species occurring in Finland is Andrena nigrospina, which is considered here as a separate species (Rassi et al. 2010).

population:
The populations of Andrena pilipes in most European countries are stable, apart from the northern parts of its range in Europe where this species is very rare and even decreasing in abundance.

habitat:
Andrena pilipes is an ubiquitous species, found in urban and rural, wet and dry regions but it rarely occurs in mountainous regions of the temperate zone. In the southern part of Asia it is found in the high mountains, as in Kyrgyzstan at an altitude of 2,240 m asl (Tadauchi 2008) and up to 5,000 m asl in India (Ascher and Pickering 2013). The species flies from April to August and has two generations per year. It is widely polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species (Popov 1967a, Osytshnjuk 1977, Pesenko et al. 1982, Beil et al. 2008). For example, in Ukraine the females visit flowers of more than 50 plant species from 19 families. It is known as one of the main pollinators of different fruit and pumpkin crops (Filov 1935, Nevkryta 1950, Rymashevskiy and Rymashevskaya 1958, Rasulov 1966). The males pollinate different species of Orchids (especially Ophrys exaltata, O. garganica and O. sphegodes) through pseudocopulation (Xu et al. 2012). It nests in different soils and creates relatively large aggregations of nests (Nevinson 1902). The main burrow of the nest is meandering and descends almost vertically down to a depth of 20 cm where there are several cells, one behind the other in a plane, parallel to the ground surface. The inner walls of cells are covered with wax-like lining. Inside the cell the female lays one egg on the pollen ball (Marikovskaya 1972). The nest is parasitised by Nomada fulvicornis (Stöckhert 1933).

threats:
The main threats to this species are the ploughing of fields on which it builds its nests, the processing of the fields with insecticides and pesticides, and the mowing of flowering plants during the time when adult bees forage. In some areas, where this species was once widely distributed, its habitat has been extensively modified and reduced, and therefore the species is no longer seen in the regions (Ronayne 2006).

conservationAction:
To protect the species, as it is an important pollinator of fruits and crops, it is necessary to preserve wild plants during their flowering period and to prohibit the use of insecticides and pesticides on fields when wild plants are flowering. Andrena pilipes has been recorded from many protected areas in many European countries.   This species is listed in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of Ireland (Data Deficient; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006), Finland (Endangered; Rassi et al. 2010), Germany (Vulnerable; Westrich et al. 2011), Sweden (listed as a synonym of A. nigrospina as Near Threatened; Gärdenfors 2010) and Switzerland (Endangered; Amiet 1994). Ronayne (2006) thinks that the species may now be extinct in Ireland (latest find dates back to 1977). Andrena pilipes is also included in some Regional Red Lists or Red Data Books such as the Red List of Carinthia (Austria) (Extinct; Ebmer 1999), the Red Data Book of the Ryazan Region of Russia (Vulnerable; Anan’eva and Nikolaeva 2011), Republic Karelia of Russia (Data Deficient, Ivanter and Kuznetsov 2007) and the Red Lists of the 10 States of Germany (Thuringia and the Free State of Saxony as Critically Endangered; Burger 2005, 2011). Further research is needed to develop population trends in order to determine any population declines of this important pollinator.

useAndTrade:
This species is not traded or exploited commercially, but is valued as a pollinator of many different plants, including those that are cultivated by man, such as fruit and pumpkin crops (Filov 1935, Nevkryta 1950, Rymashevskiy and Rymashevskaya 1958, Rasulov 1966) and alfalfa (Radchenko 1982).


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)This species is listed as Data Deficient as there is no information on population size or trends, habitats, ecology, or threats. Further research is needed to assess the status of this species, especially given its restricted distribution.

range:
Andrena polemediana is probably an endemic to the island of Cyprus (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Kuhlmann et al. 2013), although Grace (2010) also lists Turkey.

population:
There is no information available on either overall population size or trends for this species.

habitat:
Little information is available regarding the habitats and ecology of this species, although it is likely to be associated with Mediterranean phryganic shrublands. It has been recorded from April and May, and it is an oligolectic species, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, on Asteraceae species such as Anthemis (unpublished data, E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU 27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC)  Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread, the populations are presumed to be large and stable despite being rare, and it inhabits a broad range of habitats. However, research should be conducted to determine the future population trends of the species.

range:
The overall range of the species covers the central and southern parts of Europe. In the north it can be found from England, the Netherlands and northern Poland to Moscow in Russia. In the south, it is present from the Pyrenees to Sicily (Italy), Crete (Greece) and further east to the Urals.  Andrena polita is known from Albania (Warncke 1966a), Austria (all states except Salzburg and Vorarlberg - Gusenleitner 1985, Schwarz et al. 1996, Ebmer 1996, 1999, Dubitzky 2005), Belgium (Rasmont et al. 1993, 1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Warncke 1966a), Bulgaria (Atanássov and Vasileva 1990, Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), Croatia (Moczar and Warncke 1972), Czech Republic (Bohemia and Moravia - Přidal 2004, Dvořák et al. 2008, Přidal and Vesely 2011), France (Rasmont et al. 1995), Germany (except most of Federal States on the north part of Germany, especially, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein - Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl 1997, Burger et al. 2004, Westrich et al. 2008, Burger 2011), Greece (mainland and Aegean Islands Lesbos and Rhodes - Warncke 1965a, 1966a, Grace 2010), Hungary (most part of territory except Great and Little Hungarian Plain - Moczar and Warncke 1972, Józan 2011), Netherlands (Peeters et al. 1999, Koel 2014), Italy (mainland and Sicily - Pagliano 1995, Vicidomini 1999, Quaranta et al. 2004, Hellrigl 2006), Luxembourg (Rasmont et al. 1995), Macedonia (Warncke 1973), Moldova (Andreyev et al. 1986), Montenegro (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), the Netherlands (only in Limburg province - Lefeber 1995, Koel 2014), Poland (Banaszak 2000, 2010, Pawlikowski et al. 2008), Romania (Moczar and Warncke 1972, Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980), Russia (Bashkortostan - Nikiforuk 1957; Perm Krai - Demyanova et al. 2007, Lykov 2008; Moscow - Levchenko 2010; Rostov - Pesenko 1972; Ulyanovsk - Popova 1983; Belgorod - Wu 1960; Lipetsk - Kuznetsova 1990; Volgograd, Saratov, Samara regions and Tatarstan - Osytshnjuk 1977), Serbia (Moczar and Warncke 1972), Slovakia (Lukáš et al. 1999, Přidal 2004), Spain (probably on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees - Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002, Ortiz-Sánchez 2011), Switzerland (Warncke 1967a, Schwarz et al. 1996, Artmann-Graf 2008), Ukraine (steppe, forest-steppe zones and the Crimea - Kuntze and Noskiewicz 1938, Warncke 1967a, Osytshnjuk 1977, Radchenko 1982) and the United Kingdom (south-east England, but the last finding is dated from 1938 - more than 75 years ago - Falk 1991, Alexander 2003).  Outside of Europe, Andrena polita has been found in Siberia, Stavropol Krai, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Dagestan, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt and Libya.

population:
The populations of this rare species in most European countries appears to be stable and overall can be presumed to be large in Europe. This is evidenced as the species has been found in different countries over the past 10 years. However, in countries at the northernmost part of its range, it appears to be threatened or extinct, which is to be expected.

habitat:
It is a rare species that lives in different habitats, both urban and rural, in dry and wet regions, although it prefers moist areas. In the mountains, it can be found at altitudes above 2,000 m asl (Nature Reserve Theberda, Nakhichevan,  Azerbaijan: Osytshnjuk unpublished data V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014). It is a summer species that has one generation per year. Andrena polita flies from early June until mid-August, although sometimes it appears in May. It is broadly oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, primarily of Asteraceae species, but it also rarely occurs on Rosaceae, Cucurbitaceae (Osytshnjuk 1977), Fabaceae (Radchenko 1982) and Apiaceae (Demyanova et al. 2007).   The nesting of this species was described by Popova (1983). It nests in small colonies and is parasitised by Nomada pleurosticta and N. mutabilis (Stöckhert 1933).

threats:
The main threats to this species are the ploughing of fields on which it builds its nests, processing of fields with insecticides and pesticides and mowing flowering plants during the time when adult bees forage.

conservationAction:
In order to conserve this species, the species' preferred plants need to be preserved by prohibiting the use of insecticides on the fields during flowering and by preventing livestock from grazing on the flowering plants.   The species is listed in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the Czech Republic (Vulnerable; Straka 2005, Bogusch 2014), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2011), Great Britain (Regionally Extinct; Falk 1991), the Netherlands (Vulnerable; Peeters and Reemer 2003, although Koel (2014) only mentioned that this species is rare), Poland (Vulnerable; Banaszak 2002) and Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994). The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at nature reserves in some European countries. Further research should be conducted to determine the future population trends for the species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  Listed as Data Deficient as the species is rare and there is little information available on the population size and trends. Research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species.

range:
A central European species that is distributed throughout Austria (lower Austria and upper Austria – Gusenleitner 1984, Schwarz et al. 1996), the Czech Republic (Moravia – Warncke 1972, Kocourek 1989, Přidal 2004, Bogusch et al. 2009; Bohemia – Bogusch et al. 2011), Germany (the Free State of Bavaria - Scheuchl 2011), Hungary (central Transdanubia and northern Hungary regions - Warncke 1972, Józan 2011), Poland (lesser Poland Voivodeship - Dylewska 1987, Celary and Wiśniowski 2003, Moroń et al. 2009), Romania (Hunedoara, Satu Mare, Sălaj and Bistrița-Năsăud Counties – Warncke 1972, Warncke and Scobiola-Palade 1980), Slovakia (Celary and Wiśniowski 2003) and Slovenia (Gogala 1999). Outside of Europe, Andrena pontica has been found in eastern Turkey (Warncke 1974b, Özbek 1976, Grace 2010).

population:
Over the past 10 years, only single specimens of Andrena pontica have been observed in Poland (Moroń et al. 2009), Czech Republic (Bogusch et al. 2009, 2011) and Germany (Scheuchl 2011, Schanowski 2013). It is unknown why this species is so rare. There is no further information on the population size and trends of the species.

habitat:
Andrena pontica inhabits dry meadow slopes, other xerothermic grasslands and orchards. It is probably polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, and females visit blooming plants of the families Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae (Dylewska 1987, Gogala 1999, Celary and Wiśniowski 2003, Moroń et al. 2009). It is a bivoltine species, in that it has two generations per year: the first one flying from May until June, and the second from July until August (Gogala 1999). In central Europe (at least in Germany and Austria) it seems to have only one generation. Even in localities which have been observed through the whole vegetation period, and in which the species was common in May and June, no specimens were caught outside of these two months (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

threats:
The main threats for this species are ploughing lands in which it builds its nests, processing of fields with insecticides and pesticides, and overgrazing of flowering plants by domestic livestock at the time when adult bees begin to forage.

conservationAction:
In order to conserve this species, the species' preferred plants need to be preserved by prohibiting the use of insecticides and pesticides on the fields during flowering and by preventing livestock from grazing on the flowering plants.   The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at nature reserves in some European countries. Andrena pontica is listed in the Red List of the Czech Republic (Critically Endangered; Farkac et al. 2005, Bogusch 2014), Poland (Data Deficient; Banaszak 2002, Głowaciński and Nowacki 2009) and Slovenia (Vulnerable; Anonymous 2002). Further research is required to determine the population size and trends of this species.

useAndTrade:
This species is not traded or exploited commercially, but it is valued as a pollinator of some plant species.


redListCategoryRationale:
European regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD) EU 27 regional assessment: Data Deficient (DD)  The species is listed as Data Deficient due to the fact that it is very rare in Europe, despite its widespread distribution, and that there are not enough population data to fully assess the species. It is also dependent upon Potentilla, or cinquefoil, species and the habitat in which they grow may be threatened. Further research should be conducted to determine the status of this species.

range:
The species is found throughout most of Europe from France to Lithuania, south to Italy and Greece, extending east to the Urals.  Andrena potentillae is known from Austria (Burgenland, lower Austria and Tirol - Pittioni and Schmidt 1943, Gusenleitner 1984, 1985, Schwarz et al. 1996, Zettel 2008), Belgium (Rasmont et al. 1993, 1995), Croatia (Józan 2014), Czech Republic (Bohemia and Moravia - Přidal 2004, Přidal and Vesely 2011), France (mainland - Warncke et al. 1974, Rasmont et al. 1995), Germany (most part of territory except northern States Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, and also North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony - Wolf 1982, Westrich 1989, Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl 1997), Hungary (Moczar and Warncke 1972, Jozan 2003), Italy (northern Italy, south Tyrol, south Italy - Warncke 1967a, Hellrigl 2006), Lithuania (southern part - Monsevičius 1995), Luxembourg (Rasmont et al. 1995), Moldova (Andreyev et al. 1986), Poland (most regions; Kuntze and Noskiewicz 1938, Dylewska 1987, 2000, Pawlikowski and Hirsch 2002, Banaszak 2010), Romania (Warncke and Scobiola 1980), Russia (Perm Krai - Lykov 2004; Volgograd - Warncke 1967a; Ulyanovsk region - Popova 2008; Bashkortostan - Osytshnjuk 1977), Slovakia (Přidal 2004), Slovenia (only coastal–Karst region; Gogala 1999), Switzerland (only western Swiss Plateau - Schwarz et al. 1996) and Ukraine (Lviv region - Noskiewicz 1923; Lugansk and Vinnitsa regions - Osytshnjuk 1977; Donetsk region - Radchenko 1982; Kharkiv region - M. Filatov pers. comm. 2014; Sumy region - Dugina 2009). This species has also been recorded in Spain (Andalusia, Cadiz - Ceballos 1956), but its presence here needs to be confirmed (Ortiz-Sánchez 2011). The same applies for the Gibraltar, where Andrena potentillae was recorded almost 150 years ago by J. Sichel in 1868.  Outside of Europe, it has been found in Asian Russia, western Siberia (Krainov 2013), Stavropol, Krai, Kislovodsk and Kazakhstan (unpublished data Osytshnjuk, V. Radchenko pers. comm. 2014).

population:
The populations of this rare species in most European countries seem to have decreased (Pressehintergrund 2012). This is evidenced by the fact that only single findings of Andrena potentilla have been found over the past 10 years. Most likely, this is due to a decrease in the population of its main forage, cinquefoil (Potentilla sp.).

habitat:
Andrena potentillae is perhaps a steppic species, living mainly in dry habitats (Osytshnjuk 1977), although it occurs in other habitats where its forage plant, Potentilla sp., grows such as on the outskirts of forest belts, meadows and fallow lands. It is narrowly oligolectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a narrow range of flowering plant species, and the females usually visit flowers of different species of Potentilla (Radchenko and Pesenko 1994). It flies from April to May and has one generation per year.

threats:
The main threats for this species are ploughing the land in which they builds their nests, processing fields with insecticides, as well as the mowing and eating of flowering plants by humans and domestic livestock, respectively, at the time when adult bees begin to fly.

conservationAction:
In order to conserve this species, the species' preferred plants need to be preserved by prohibiting the use of insecticides on the fields during flowering and by preventing livestock from grazing on the flowering plants. The species occurs in protected areas and has been recorded at nature reserves in some European countries. Andrena potentilla is listed in Red List of the Czech Republic (Vulnerable; Farkac et al. 2005), Germany (Endangered; Westrich et al. 2011), Slovenia (Rare; Anonymous 2002) and Switzerland (Critically Endangered; Amiet 1994, BAFU 2009). It is also listed in the Regional Red Data Book of Ulyanovsk region of Russia (Rare; Popova 2008). Further research is required to determine the population size and trends of this species.

useAndTrade:
This species is not traded or exploited commercially, but it is valued as a pollinator of cinquefoil plants.


